Battery management system, battery device, power utilization device and energy storage device

Abstract

The utility model provides a battery management system, a battery device, a power utilization device and an energy storage device, and belongs to the technical field of batteries. The battery management system comprises a relay, at least one switch tube and at least one protection unit, wherein a coil of the relay is used for being connected with a driving power supply and a ground end to form a first loop; the switching tube is connected in the first loop, the switching tube is used for conducting the first loop so as to provide current output by the driving power supply to the relay and control the relay to be closed, and the switching tube is further used for disconnecting the first loop so as to cut off the current output by the driving power supply to the relay and control the relay to be disconnected; the protection unit is connected in the first loop and used for controlling current flowing through the first loop. The battery management system provided by the embodiment of the utility model can improve the reliability of relay driving.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery management system, a battery device, an electrical device, and an energy storage device. Background Art

[0002] Energy conservation and emission reduction are key to sustainable social development. Rechargeable batteries, with their ability to store and release energy as needed, are widely used in various electrical devices and energy storage systems, playing a crucial role in promoting energy transformation and sustainable development. Battery technology is a crucial factor in the development of the new energy industry.

[0003] New energy vehicles require relays for on / off control when charging, discharging, or heating batteries. Currently, relays are driven by high-side or low-side chips. Excessive temperature rise in either the high-side or low-side chip can create safety risks and affect the reliability of the relay drive. Utility Model Content

[0004] The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the background art. To this end, one object of the present application is to provide a battery management system, a battery device, an electrical device, and an energy storage device to improve the reliability of relay driving.

[0005] An embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides a battery management system, including: a relay, at least one switching tube and at least one protection unit, the coil of the relay is connected to a driving power supply and a ground terminal to form a first circuit; the switching tube is connected to the first circuit, the switching tube is used to turn on the first circuit to provide the current output by the driving power supply to the relay, and control the relay to close, and the switching tube is also used to disconnect the first circuit to cut off the current output by the driving power supply to the relay, and control the relay to open; the protection unit is connected to the first circuit and is used to control the current flowing through the first circuit.

[0006] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the on / off of the first circuit can be controlled by a switch tube. When the first circuit is on, the current output by the driving power supply can pass through the relay, thereby closing the relay. When the first circuit is off, the current output by the driving power supply cannot pass through the relay, thereby disconnecting the relay. In this way, driving the relay on and off by driving the switch tube can reduce costs. The protection unit controls the current of the first circuit so that in the event of an overcurrent in the first circuit, the current can be clamped within a certain range, protecting the components in the first circuit from damage, such as the relay and the switch tube, thereby ensuring stable driving of the relay and improving the reliability of the relay drive.

[0007] In some embodiments, there can be one switching transistor and one protection unit, with the protection unit and the switching transistor connected in series. The series connection of the protection unit and the switching transistor is connected between the first end of the relay coil and the driving power supply, with the second end of the relay coil directly connected to the ground terminal. Alternatively, the series connection of the protection unit and the switching transistor is connected between the second end of the relay coil and the ground terminal, with the first end of the relay coil directly connected to the driving power supply. Thus, the switching transistor and the protection unit are only connected to one side of the relay, improving the reliability of the relay when driven on one side.

[0008] In some embodiments, the number of switching transistors can be one, and the number of protection units can be two, namely a first protection unit and a second protection unit, with the first protection unit being connected in series with the switching transistor; wherein the first protection unit and the switching transistor connected in series are connected between the first end of the relay coil and the driving power supply, and the second protection unit is connected between the second end of the relay coil and the ground terminal; or, the first protection unit and the switching transistor connected in series are connected between the second end of the relay coil and the ground terminal, and the second protection unit is connected between the first end of the relay coil and the driving power supply. Thus, in the case of a unilaterally driven relay, two protection units are connected in series in the first circuit, respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the relay coil. In this way, the two protection units can share the current, can withstand greater overcurrent impacts, and more effectively clamp the current in the first circuit.

[0009] In some embodiments, there are two switching transistors and two protection units. One protection unit is connected in series with a switching transistor, connected between the first end of the relay coil and the driving power supply. The other protection unit is connected in series with another switching transistor, connected between the second end of the relay coil and ground. This provides two drive paths. If either drive path experiences interference, the first circuit will not conduct, reducing the risk of the relay being mistakenly turned on due to interference in the drive path. Furthermore, each switching transistor is connected in series with a corresponding protection unit, which can promptly protect the switching transistor connected in series with the protection unit from damage, further improving the reliability of the relay drive.

[0010] In some embodiments, the protection unit is a positive temperature coefficient thermistor. By providing a positive temperature coefficient thermistor, it is possible to promptly detect whether the current in the first circuit is overcurrent and clamp the current in the first circuit within a certain range to prevent damage to components in the first circuit. After the fault is resolved, the resistance value of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor returns to normal, allowing the first circuit to resume operation, thereby improving the recycling rate of the protection unit and reducing costs.

[0011] In some embodiments, when the first end of the relay coil is connected to the driving power supply, and a switching transistor is connected between the first end of the relay coil and the driving power supply, the battery management system further includes a first sampling unit connected to the first end of the relay coil and configured to collect an input voltage at the first end of the relay coil. Thus, collecting the input voltage at the first end of the relay coil by the first sampling unit helps determine whether a device connected between the driving power supply and the first end of the relay coil is abnormal, further improving the reliability of relay driving.

[0012] In some embodiments, the first sampling unit includes: a first resistor unit and a second resistor unit connected in series, wherein the end of the first resistor unit remote from the second resistor unit is connected to the first end of the relay coil, and the end of the second resistor unit remote from the first resistor unit is grounded, with the node between the first resistor unit and the second resistor unit serving as a first sampling point; and a first sampling chip, which collects the voltage at the first sampling point and, based on the voltage at the first sampling point, obtains the input voltage at the first end of the relay coil. Thus, by voltage division between the first resistor unit and the second resistor unit, the input voltage at the first end of the relay coil under test is converted to a lower voltage at a certain ratio before measurement, simplifying the sampling method and improving the reliability of voltage acquisition.

[0013] In some embodiments, when the second end of the relay coil is connected to the ground terminal, and a switching transistor is connected between the second end of the relay coil and the ground terminal, the battery management system further includes a second sampling unit connected to the second end of the relay coil and configured to collect the output voltage of the second end of the relay coil. Thus, collecting the output voltage of the second end of the relay coil by the second sampling unit helps determine whether a device connected between the ground terminal and the second end of the relay coil is abnormal, further improving the reliability of relay driving.

[0014] In some embodiments, the second sampling unit includes: a third resistor unit and a fourth resistor unit connected in series, with the end of the third resistor unit remote from the fourth resistor unit connected to the second end of the relay coil, and the end of the fourth resistor unit remote from the third resistor unit connected to ground, with the node between the third and fourth resistor units serving as a second sampling point; and a second sampling chip that collects the voltage at the second sampling point and, based on the voltage at the second sampling point, obtains the output voltage of the second end of the relay coil. Thus, by voltage division by the third and fourth resistor units, the measured voltage is converted to a lower voltage at a certain ratio before measurement, simplifying the sampling method and improving the reliability of voltage acquisition.

[0015] In some embodiments, when the first end of the relay coil is connected to the driving power supply, and a switching tube is connected between the first end of the relay coil and the driving power supply, the switching tube connected to the first end of the relay coil is a first PMOS tube; when the second end of the relay coil is connected to the ground terminal, and a switching tube is connected between the second end of the relay coil and the ground terminal, the switching tube connected to the second end of the relay coil is a first NMOS tube. This allows the switching tube connected between the first end of the relay coil and the driving power supply to be smoothly conductive, and the switching tube connected between the second end of the relay coil and the ground to be smoothly conductive, while maintaining low circuit complexity and cost, thereby further improving the reliability of relay driving.

[0016] In some embodiments, the battery management system further includes at least one drive unit, connected to the switch tube and configured to drive the switch tube to conduction. The drive unit can smoothly drive the switch tube to conduction, thereby promptly driving the relay to close, further improving the reliability of the relay drive.

[0017] In some embodiments, when a first PMOS transistor is connected between the first end of the relay coil and the driving power supply, the source of the first PMOS transistor is connected to the driving power supply, and the drain of the first PMOS transistor is connected to the first end of the relay coil. The driving unit includes: a fifth resistor unit, a sixth resistor unit, and a second NMOS transistor. The first end of the fifth resistor unit is connected to the driving power supply, and the second end is connected to the gate of the first PMOS transistor; the first end of the sixth resistor unit is connected to the second end of the fifth resistor unit; the source of the second NMOS transistor is grounded, and the drain of the second NMOS transistor is connected to the second end of the sixth resistor unit. Thus, voltage division of the driving power supply by the fifth and sixth resistor units helps to ensure, to a certain extent, that the gate voltage of the first PMOS transistor is less than the source voltage, and that the absolute value of the difference between the gate voltage and the source voltage of the first PMOS transistor is greater than the absolute value of the turn-on voltage of the first PMOS transistor, thereby smoothly driving the first PMOS transistor into conduction.

[0018] In some embodiments, when a first NMOS transistor is connected between the second end of the relay coil and a ground terminal, the source of the first NMOS transistor is connected to the ground terminal, and the drain of the first NMOS transistor is connected to the second end of the relay coil. The driving unit includes: a second PMOS transistor, a seventh resistor unit, an eighth resistor unit, and a third NMOS transistor. The source of the second PMOS transistor is connected to a power supply voltage, and the drain of the second PMOS transistor is connected to the gate of the first NMOS transistor. The first end of the seventh resistor unit is connected to the power supply voltage, and the second end is connected to the gate of the second PMOS transistor. The first end of the eighth resistor unit is connected to the second end of the seventh resistor unit. The source of the third NMOS transistor is connected to ground, and the drain of the third NMOS transistor is connected to the second end of the eighth resistor unit. Thus, the power supply voltage is divided by the seventh and eighth resistor units, which helps to ensure that the second PMOS transistor is turned on to a certain extent. The power supply voltage is then transmitted to the gate of the first NMOS transistor through the second PMOS transistor, ensuring that the gate voltage of the first NMOS transistor is greater than the source voltage. Furthermore, the power supply voltage can be adjusted according to the turn-on voltage of the first NMOS tube, so that the difference between the gate voltage and the source voltage of the first NMOS tube can be greater than the turn-on voltage of the first NMOS tube, thereby smoothly driving the first NMOS tube to turn on.

[0019] An embodiment of a second aspect of the present application provides a battery device, including the battery management system in the above embodiment.

[0020] An embodiment of the third aspect of the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery device in the above embodiment, and the battery device supplies power to the electrical device.

[0021] An embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present application provides an energy storage device, which includes the battery device in the above embodiment, and the battery device is used to store electrical energy.

[0022] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals throughout the multiple drawings represent the same or similar components or elements. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. It should be understood that these drawings only depict some embodiments disclosed in this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 This is one of the structural diagrams of the battery management system in some embodiments of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 This is the second structural diagram of the battery management system of some embodiments of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 This is the third structural diagram of the battery management system of some embodiments of the present application;

[0028] Figure 5 This is the fourth structural diagram of the battery management system of some embodiments of the present application;

[0029] Figure 6 This is the fifth structural diagram of the battery management system of some embodiments of the present application;

[0030] Figure 7 This is the sixth structural diagram of the battery management system of some embodiments of the present application;

[0031] Figure 8 This is the seventh structural diagram of the battery management system of some embodiments of the present application;

[0032] Figure 9 This is an eighth structural diagram of a battery management system according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0033] Figure 10 This is the ninth structural diagram of the battery management system according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0034] Description of reference numerals:

[0035] Vehicle 1000, first protection unit 1031, second protection unit 1032, first sampling unit 1041, second sampling unit 1042;

[0036] Battery device 100, relay 101, switch tube 102, protection unit 103, drive unit 105;

[0037] Controller 200,

[0038] Motor 300;

[0039] a first resistance unit 1, a second resistance unit 2, a third resistance unit 3, a fourth resistance unit 4, a fifth resistance unit 5, a sixth resistance unit 6, a seventh resistance unit 7, an eighth resistance unit 8, a first sampling chip 11, and a second sampling chip 12;

[0040] Ground terminal GND, driving power supply Power, power supply voltage VDD, first PMOS transistor Q1, first NMOS transistor Q2, second NMOS transistor Q3, second PMOS transistor Q4, and third NMOS transistor Q5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0043] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0044] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0045] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0046] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0047] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0048] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installed," "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application based on specific circumstances.

[0049] Currently, market developments indicate that rechargeable batteries are becoming increasingly widely used. They are not only used in energy storage systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power, and solar power plants, but are also widely used in various electronic devices, including electric vehicles like electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric cars, as well as in military equipment and aerospace. As the application areas of rechargeable batteries continue to expand, market demand is also growing.

[0050] New energy vehicles require relays for on / off control when charging, discharging, or heating batteries. Relays can be driven by at least one of a high-side chip and a low-side chip. However, excessive temperature rise in these chips can create safety risks and affect the reliability of relay driving.

[0051] Based on the above considerations, a battery management system, a battery device, an electrical device and an energy storage device are designed. The battery management system includes: a relay, at least one switching tube and at least one protection unit. The coil of the relay is connected to the driving power supply and the ground to form a first circuit; the switching tube is connected to the first circuit, and the switching tube is used to conduct the first circuit to provide the current output by the driving power supply to the relay and control the relay to close. The switching tube is also used to disconnect the first circuit to cut off the current output by the driving power supply to the relay and control the relay to open; the protection unit is connected to the first circuit to control the current flowing through the first circuit.

[0052] The switching tube can control the on / off of the first circuit. When the first circuit is on, the current output by the driving power supply can pass through the relay, thereby closing the relay. When the first circuit is off, the current output by the driving power supply cannot pass through the relay, thereby disconnecting the relay. In this way, driving the relay on and off by driving the switching tube can reduce costs. The protection unit controls the current of the first circuit so that when the first circuit overcurrent occurs, the current can be clamped within a certain range, protecting the components in the first circuit from damage, such as the relay and the switching tube. This allows the relay to be driven stably and improves the reliability of the relay drive.

[0053] The battery management system disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be used, but is not limited to, in electrical devices or energy storage devices such as vehicles, ships, or aircraft. A power supply system comprising the battery management system and battery devices disclosed in this application can be used to form the electrical device or energy storage device.

[0054] The present invention provides an electrical device that uses a battery device as a power source. The electrical device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery-powered vehicle, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, etc. The electric toy may include a fixed or mobile electric toy, such as a game console, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, and an electric airplane toy, etc. The spacecraft may include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, and a spacecraft, etc.

[0055] An embodiment of the present application also provides an energy storage device that uses a battery as a power source. The energy storage device may be, but is not limited to, an energy storage container, an energy storage cabinet, an energy storage power station, an energy storage battery pack, or a portable energy storage system.

[0056] For the convenience of description, the following embodiments are described by taking a vehicle 1000 as an example of an electrical device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0057] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the vehicle provided for some embodiments of the present application. The vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle. The new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc. A battery device 100 is provided inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery device 100 can be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000. The battery device 100 can be used to power the vehicle 1000. For example, the battery device 100 can serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000. The vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300. The controller 200 is used to control the battery device 100 to power the motor 300, for example, for starting, navigating and driving the vehicle 1000.

[0058] In some embodiments of the present application, the battery device 100 can serve not only as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but also as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .

[0059] refer to Figures 2 to 6 An embodiment of the present application provides a battery management system, including: a relay 101, at least one switch tube 102 and at least one protection unit 103. The coil of the relay 101 is connected to the driving power supply Power and the ground terminal GND to form a first circuit; the switch tube 102 is connected to the first circuit, and the switch tube 102 is used to conduct the first circuit to provide the current output by the driving power supply Power to the relay 101, and control the relay 101 to be closed. The switch tube 102 is also used to disconnect the first circuit to cut off the current output by the driving power supply Power to the relay 101, and control the relay 101 to be disconnected; the protection unit 103 is connected to the first circuit and is used to control the current flowing through the first circuit.

[0060] The driving power source Power may be a lead-acid battery, and the first end of the coil of the relay 101 may be connected to the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery. The voltage of the lead-acid battery may be 12V or close to 12V.

[0061] The ground terminal GND refers to a common reference point set in a circuit, and the voltage of the ground terminal GND is specified to be 0 V. The second end of the coil of the relay 101 can be connected to the ground terminal. For example, the ground terminal GND can be the negative terminal of a lead-acid battery.

[0062] Switch 102 is connected to the first circuit. When switch 102 is closed, the first circuit is conductive, the first end of the coil of relay 101 is connected to the driving power supply Power, and the second end of the coil of relay 101 is connected to the ground terminal GND. This allows current to flow through relay 101, generating a magnetic field that attracts the armature, thereby closing the normally open contact of relay 101. When switch 102 is disconnected, the first circuit is disconnected, no current flows through relay 101, the magnetic field disappears, the armature resets under the action of the spring force, and the normally open contact opens.

[0063] In some embodiments, the switch 102 can be connected between the driving power supply Power and the first end of the coil of the relay 101. In other embodiments, the switch 102 can be connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND. In still other embodiments, there are two switches 102, one of which is connected between the driving power supply Power and the first end of the coil of the relay 101, and the other is connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND.

[0064] The type of the switch tube 102 may include, but is not limited to, a diode, a bipolar transistor, a field effect transistor, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), and the like.

[0065] The protection unit 103 can control the current flowing through the first loop. When the current in the first loop is greater than or equal to a preset value, the current in the first loop is clamped below the preset value, thereby protecting the components in the first loop from damage. The preset value refers to the maximum current value that the first loop can withstand and can be determined based on the rated currents of the various components in the first loop. If there are multiple components in the first loop, the preset value is the minimum rated current of the multiple components.

[0066] In some embodiments, the protection unit 103 may include, but is not limited to, a constant current diode or a positive temperature coefficient thermistor (PTTC) or other components capable of automatically limiting the current when the current reaches or exceeds a preset value.

[0067] The protection unit 103 can be connected in series with the switch tube 102 in the first loop; alternatively, the protection unit 103 can be connected separately between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power; alternatively, the protection unit 103 can be connected separately between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND. In the case where the protection unit 103 is connected separately between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, the switch tube 102 is connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND. In the case where the protection unit 103 is connected separately between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND, the switch tube 102 is connected between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power.

[0068] In the above technical solution, the switching transistor 102 is used to drive the relay 101 on and off, which can reduce costs. The protection unit 103 controls the current in the first circuit so that when the first circuit overcurrent occurs, the current can be clamped within a certain range, protecting the components in the first circuit from damage, such as the relay 101 and the switching transistor 102. This ensures stable driving of the relay 101 and improves the reliability of the driving of the relay 101.

[0069] refer to Figure 2 as well as Figure 3According to some embodiments of the present application, the number of switching tubes 102 can be one, the number of protection units 103 can be one, and the protection unit 103 is connected in series with the switching tube 102; wherein, the series-connected protection unit 103 and the switching tube 102 are connected between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, and the second end of the coil of the relay 101 is directly connected to the ground terminal GND; or, the series-connected protection unit 103 and the switching tube 102 are connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND, and the first end of the coil of the relay 101 is directly connected to the driving power supply Power.

[0070] refer to Figure 2 When the switch 102 is connected between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, the switch 102 can be turned on in response to a high-side enable signal. The high-side enable signal can be active high or active low. When the high-side enable signal is active, the control terminal of the switch 102 turns on the switch 102 upon receiving a high-level signal, thereby completing the first circuit and allowing current to flow through the relay 101, turning on the relay 101. When the control terminal of the switch 102 receives a low-level signal, it turns off the switch 102, thereby disconnecting the first circuit and preventing current from flowing through the relay 101, turning off the relay 101. When the low-side enable signal is active, the control terminal of the switch 102 turns on the switch 102 upon receiving a low-level signal, thereby completing the first circuit and allowing current to flow through the relay 101, turning on the relay 101. When the control terminal of the switch 102 receives a high-level signal, it turns off the switch 102, thereby disconnecting the first circuit and preventing current from flowing through the relay 101, turning off the relay 101.

[0071] refer to Figure 3 When the switch 102 is connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND, the switch 102 can be turned on in response to a low-side enable signal. The low-side enable signal can be active high or active low. When the high level is active, the control terminal of the switch 102 turns on the switch 102 upon receiving a high-level signal, and the relay 101 is turned on. When the relay 101 of the switch 102 receives a low-level signal, the switch 102 is cut off, and the relay 101 is disconnected. When the low level is active, the control terminal of the switch 102 turns on the switch 102 upon receiving a low-level signal, and the relay 101 is turned on. When the relay 101 of the switch 102 receives a high-level signal, the switch 102 is cut off, and the relay 101 is disconnected.

[0072] The high-side enable signal and the low-side enable signal can be generated by a microcontroller, a logic gate circuit, or a dedicated relay 101 driver chip. In the case where the high-side enable signal and the low-side enable signal are generated by a microcontroller, the microcontroller can be a microcontroller in a battery management system.

[0073] In the above technical solution, the switch tube 102 and the protection unit 103 are only connected to one side of the relay 101, thereby improving the reliability of the relay 101 when it is driven on one side.

[0074] refer to Figures 4 and 5 According to some embodiments of the present application, the number of switch tubes 102 can be one, and the number of protection units 103 can be two, namely a first protection unit 1031 and a second protection unit 1032, and the first protection unit 1031 is connected in series with the switch tube 102; wherein the first protection unit 1031 and the switch tube 102 after being connected in series are connected between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, and the second protection unit 1032 is connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND; or, the first protection unit 1031 and the switch tube 102 after being connected in series are connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND, and the second protection unit 1032 is connected between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power.

[0075] refer to Figure 4 In some embodiments, when the first protection unit 1031 and the switch tube 102 are connected between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, only the second protection unit 1032 is connected in series between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND, wherein the first protection unit 1031 can be connected between the switch tube 102 and the driving power supply Power, or between the switch tube 102 and the first end of the coil of the relay 101.

[0076] refer to Figure 5 In other embodiments, when the first protection unit 1031 and the switch tube 102 are connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND, only the second protection unit 1032 is connected in series between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, wherein the first protection unit 1031 can be connected between the switch tube 102 and the ground terminal GND, or between the switch tube 102 and the second end of the coil of the relay 101.

[0077] In other words, two protection units 103 are connected in series in the first circuit, respectively connected to the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the second end of the coil of the relay 101. In this way, the two protection units 103 can share the current and withstand a greater overcurrent impact.

[0078] In the above technical solution, when the relay 101 is driven unilaterally, two protection units 103 are connected in series in the first circuit, which are respectively connected to the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the second end of the coil of the relay. In this way, the two protection units 103 can share the current, can withstand a larger overcurrent impact, and more effectively clamp the current in the first circuit.

[0079] refer to Figure 6 According to some embodiments of the present application, there are two switching tubes 102 and two protection units 103, wherein one protection unit 103 is connected in series with one switching tube 102 and connected between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, and the other protection unit 103 is connected in series with the other switching tube 102 and connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground GND.

[0080] The switch 102 connected between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power can be turned on in response to a high-side enable signal, and the switch 102 connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND can be turned on in response to a low-side enable signal. When both switches 102 are turned on, the first circuit is connected. When either of the two switches 102 is turned off, the first circuit is disconnected.

[0081] The two switching tubes 102 are respectively connected in series with a protection unit 103. When the protection unit 103 is a positive temperature coefficient thermistor, if the switching tube 102 overheats due to overcurrent, the protection unit 103 connected in series with the switching tube 102 is rapidly heated under the influence of the overheating of the switching tube 102, causing the resistance value to increase rapidly, clamping the loop current within a certain range, and promptly protecting the switching tube 102 connected in series with the protection unit 103 from damage.

[0082] In the above technical solution, two switching transistors 102 are connected to the first end of the coil of relay 101 and the second end of the coil of relay 101, respectively, and work together to turn on relay 101. In other words, two drive paths are provided. If either drive path is disturbed, the first circuit will not be turned on, reducing the risk of relay 101 being mistakenly turned on due to interference in the drive path. In addition, each switching transistor 102 is connected in series with a corresponding protection unit 103, which can promptly protect the switching transistor 102 connected in series with the protection unit 103 from damage, further improving the reliability of the drive of relay 101.

[0083] According to some embodiments of the present application, the protection unit 103 is a positive temperature coefficient thermistor.

[0084] A positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor (PTC) is a temperature-sensitive resistor whose resistance changes with temperature. As the temperature of a PTC thermistor rises, its resistance increases accordingly. As the temperature decreases, its resistance gradually returns to normal. When the current in the first circuit exceeds a preset value, the first circuit overheats due to the overcurrent, causing the PTC thermistor's temperature to rise, increasing its resistance and clamping the current in the first circuit below the preset value. Once the high current fault in the first circuit is resolved, the PTC thermistor cools down, and its resistance gradually decreases to its initial value, allowing the first circuit to resume normal operation.

[0085] It is understandable that when the positive temperature coefficient thermistor and the switching tube 102 are connected in series, the distance between the positive temperature coefficient thermistor and the switching tube 102 is relatively close. Because the switching tube 102 is more likely to heat up under overcurrent conditions, the positive temperature coefficient thermistor can more sensitively sense the temperature rise of the switching tube 102. Under the influence of the overheating of the switching tube 102, the protection unit 103 connected in series with the switching tube 102 is rapidly heated, causing its resistance to increase rapidly, clamping the loop current within a certain range, and promptly protecting the switching tube 102 connected in series with the protection unit 103 from damage.

[0086] In the above technical solution, by setting a positive temperature coefficient thermistor, it is possible to promptly sense whether the current in the first circuit is overcurrent and clamp the current in the first circuit within a certain range to avoid damage to the components in the first circuit. After the fault is resolved, the resistance value of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor returns to normal, allowing the first circuit to continue working, thereby improving the recycling rate of the protection unit 103 and reducing costs.

[0087] refer to Figure 7 According to some embodiments of the present application, when the first end of the coil of the relay 101 is connected to the driving power supply Power, and a switch tube 102 is connected between the first end of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, the battery management system further includes: a first sampling unit 1041, connected to the first end of the coil of the relay 101, for collecting the input voltage of the first end of the coil of the relay 101.

[0088] Figure 7As an example, a case is shown where a switch 102 is provided between the first end of the coil of relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, and between the second end of the coil of relay 101 and the ground terminal GND, and where the first sampling unit 1041 is connected to the first end of the coil of relay 101. In practice, if a switch 102 is provided between the first end of the coil of relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, and the first sampling unit 1041 is connected to the first end of the coil of relay 101, the switch 102 may not be provided between the second end of the coil of relay 101 and the ground terminal GND. The input voltage of the first end of the coil of relay 101 is greater than the output voltage of the second end of the coil of relay 101. Under normal circumstances, when the voltage difference between the input voltage of the first end of the coil of relay 101 and the output voltage of the second end of the coil of relay 101 is greater than a certain voltage difference threshold, relay 101 will close. Exemplarily, the voltage difference threshold is 9V.

[0089] If the input voltage of the first end of the coil of the relay 101 is lower than the input voltage threshold, there is an open circuit in the loop of the input end of the relay 101. For example, the switch tube 102 may be open. When the switch tube 102 and the protection unit 103 are connected between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, there may also be an open circuit problem in the protection unit 103.

[0090] The first sampling unit 1041 may be any structure known to those skilled in the art that can collect the input voltage of the first end of the coil of the relay 101 .

[0091] In the above technical solution, collecting the input voltage of the first end of the coil of the relay 101 by the first sampling unit 1041 helps to determine whether the device connected between the driving power supply Power and the first end of the coil of the relay 101 is abnormal, thereby further improving the reliability of the driving of the relay 101.

[0092] refer to Figure 8 According to some embodiments of the present application, the first sampling unit 1041 includes: a first resistor unit 1 and a second resistor unit 2 connected in series. The end of the first resistor unit 1 away from the second resistor unit 2 is connected to the first end of the coil of the relay 101, and the end of the second resistor unit 2 away from the first resistor unit 1 is grounded. The node between the first resistor unit 1 and the second resistor unit 2 serves as a first sampling point. The first sampling unit 1041 also includes: a first sampling chip 11. The first sampling chip 11 collects the voltage at the first sampling point and, based on the voltage at the first sampling point, obtains the input voltage of the first end of the coil of the relay 101.

[0093] The first resistor unit 1 and the second resistor unit 2 are connected in series between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground, so that the input voltage of the first end of the coil of the relay 101 is divided between the first resistor unit 1 and the second resistor unit 2. Based on Ohm's law, the voltage across the first resistor unit 1 is equal to the resistance value of the first resistor unit 1 multiplied by the current flowing through the first resistor unit 1, the voltage across the second resistor unit 2 is equal to the resistance value of the second resistor unit 2 multiplied by the current flowing through the first resistor unit 1, and the current flowing through the first resistor unit 1 is equal to the current flowing through the second resistor unit 2. Based on this, the following formula (1) can be obtained:

[0094] (1)

[0095] Wherein, U1 represents the input voltage at the first end of the coil of relay 101, Uad1 represents the voltage at the first sampling point, r1 represents the resistance value of the first resistor unit 1, and r2 represents the resistance value of the second resistor unit 2. The input voltage at the first end of the coil of relay 101 is the voltage of the first end of the coil of relay 101 relative to ground, and the voltage at the first sampling point is the voltage of the node between the first resistor unit 1 and the second resistor unit 2 relative to ground.

[0096] The first sampling chip 11 can collect the voltage at the first sampling point and obtain the input voltage of the first end of the coil of the relay 101 based on formula (1). The ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) sampling device in the first sampling chip 11 can be connected to the first sampling point, collect the voltage at the first sampling point and infer the output voltage of the first end of the coil of the relay 101. Afterwards, the input voltage of the first end of the coil of the relay 101 is quantized and encoded, and the collected voltage is converted into a digital signal for output. For example, the ADC sampling device in the first sampling chip 11 can compare the input voltage of the first end of the coil of the relay 101 with an input voltage threshold. If the input voltage of the first end of the coil of the relay 101 is lower than the input voltage threshold, the ADC sampling device outputs a low level. If the input voltage of the first end of the coil of the relay 101 is higher than or equal to the input voltage threshold, the ADC sampling device outputs a high level. In this way, if the ADC sampling device in the first sampling chip 11 outputs a low level, it means that the device connected between the driving power supply Power and the first end of the coil of the relay 101 is abnormal, and there may be an open circuit problem. If the ADC sampling device in the first sampling chip 11 outputs a high level, it means that the device connected between the driving power supply Power and the first end of the coil of the relay 101 is normal.

[0097] In some embodiments, the resistance values ​​of the first resistance unit 1 and the second resistance unit 2 may be equal.

[0098] In some other embodiments, the resistance value of the first resistance unit 1 may be greater than the resistance value of the second resistance unit 2 .

[0099] In some embodiments, the first resistance unit 1 may include a resistor element. In other embodiments, the first resistance unit 1 may also include a resistor string.

[0100] In some embodiments, the second resistance unit 2 may include a single resistance element. In other embodiments, the second resistance unit 2 may also include a resistance string.

[0101] In the above technical solution, the input voltage of the first end of the coil of the relay 101 to be measured is converted into a lower voltage at a certain ratio by voltage division by the first resistance unit 1 and the second resistance unit 2, and then measured, thereby simplifying the sampling method and improving the reliability of voltage acquisition.

[0102] refer to Figure 7 According to some embodiments of the present application, when the second end of the coil of the relay 101 is connected to the ground end and a switch tube 102 is connected between the second end of the relay 101 and the ground end GND, the battery management system further includes: a second sampling unit 1042, connected to the second end of the coil of the relay 101, for collecting the output voltage of the second end of the coil of the relay 101.

[0103] Figure 7 As an example, a scenario is shown in which a switch 102 is provided between the first end of the coil of relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, and between the second end of the coil of relay 101 and the ground terminal GND, and the second sampling unit 1042 is connected to the second end of the coil of relay 101. In practice, if a switch 102 is provided between the second end of the coil of relay 101 and the ground terminal GND, and the first sampling unit 1041 is connected to the second end of the coil of relay 101, the switch 102 may not be provided between the first end of the coil of relay 101 and the driving power supply Power. If the output voltage of the second end of the coil of relay 101 is higher than the output voltage threshold, then an open circuit exists in the output circuit of relay 101, for example, possibly due to an open circuit in switch 102. If switch 102 and protection unit 103 are connected between the second end of the coil of relay 101 and the ground terminal GND, then an open circuit may also exist in protection unit 103.

[0104] The second sampling unit 1042 may be any structure known to those skilled in the art that can collect the input voltage of the first end of the coil of the relay 101 .

[0105] In the above technical solution, the output voltage of the second end of the coil of the relay 101 is collected by the second sampling unit 1042, which helps to determine whether the device connected between the ground end and the second end of the coil of the relay 101 is abnormal, further improving the reliability of the driving of the relay 101.

[0106] refer to Figure 8 According to some embodiments of the present application, the second sampling unit 1042 includes: a third resistor unit 3 and a fourth resistor unit 4 connected in series. The end of the third resistor unit 3 remote from the fourth resistor unit 4 is connected to the second end of the coil of the relay 101, and the end of the fourth resistor unit 4 remote from the third resistor unit 3 is grounded. The node between the third resistor unit 3 and the fourth resistor unit 4 serves as the second sampling point. The second sampling unit 1042 also includes: a second sampling chip 12, which collects the voltage at the second sampling point and, based on the voltage at the second sampling point, obtains the output voltage of the second end of the coil of the relay 101.

[0107] The third resistor unit 3 and the fourth resistor unit 4 are connected in series between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal, so that the output voltage of the second end of the coil of the relay 101 is divided between the third resistor unit 3 and the fourth resistor unit 4. Based on Ohm's law, the voltage across the third resistor unit 3 is equal to the resistance of the third resistor unit 3 multiplied by the current flowing through the third resistor unit 3, the voltage across the fourth resistor unit 4 is equal to the resistance of the fourth resistor unit 4 multiplied by the current flowing through the fourth resistor unit 4, and the current flowing through the third resistor unit 3 is equal to the current flowing through the fourth resistor unit 4.

[0108] Based on this, the following formula (2) can be obtained:

[0109] (2)

[0110] Wherein, U2 represents the output voltage at the second end of the coil of relay 101, Uad2 represents the voltage at the second sampling point, r3 represents the resistance value of the third resistor unit 3, and r4 represents the resistance value of the fourth resistor unit 4. The output voltage at the second end of the coil of relay 101 is the voltage of the second end of the coil of relay 101 relative to ground, and the voltage at the second sampling point is the voltage of the node between the third resistor unit 3 and the fourth resistor unit 4 relative to ground.

[0111] The second sampling chip 12 can collect the voltage at the second sampling point and obtain the input voltage of the first end of the coil of the relay 101 based on formula (2). The ADC sampling device in the second sampling chip 12 can be connected to the second sampling point, collect the voltage at the second sampling point and infer the output voltage of the second end of the coil of the relay 101. After that, the output voltage of the second end of the coil of the relay 101 is quantized and encoded, and the collected voltage is converted into a digital signal and output. For example, the ADC sampling device in the second sampling chip 12 can compare the output voltage of the second end of the coil of the relay 101 with the output voltage threshold. When the output voltage of the second end of the coil of the relay 101 is lower than the output voltage threshold, it outputs a low level. When the output voltage of the second end of the coil of the relay 101 is higher than or equal to the output voltage threshold, it outputs a high level. In this way, if the ADC sampling device in the second sampling chip 12 outputs a high level, it means that the device connected between the ground end and the second end of the coil of the relay 101 is abnormal, and there may be an open circuit problem. If the ADC sampling device in the first sampling chip 11 outputs a low level, it means that the device connected between the ground end and the second end of the coil of the relay 101 is normal.

[0112] In some embodiments, the resistance values ​​of the third resistance unit 3 and the fourth resistance unit 4 may be equal.

[0113] In some other embodiments, the resistance value of the third resistance unit 3 may be greater than the resistance value of the fourth resistance unit 4 .

[0114] In some embodiments, the third resistance unit 3 may include a resistor element. In other embodiments, the third resistance unit 3 may also include a resistor string.

[0115] In some embodiments, the fourth resistance unit 4 may include a single resistance element. In other embodiments, the fourth resistance unit 4 may also include a resistance string.

[0116] In the above technical solution, the measured voltage is converted into a lower voltage according to a certain ratio by voltage division by the third resistor unit 3 and the fourth resistor unit 4, and then measured, which simplifies the sampling method and improves the reliability of voltage collection.

[0117] According to some embodiments of the present application, when the first end of the coil of the relay 101 is connected to the driving power supply Power, and a switch tube 102 is connected between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, the switch tube 102 connected to the first end of the coil of the relay 101 is a first PMOS tube; when the second end of the coil of the relay 101 is connected to the ground terminal GND, and a switch tube 102 is connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND, the switch tube 102 connected to the second end of the coil of the relay 101 is a first NMOS tube.

[0118] The source of the first PMOS transistor is connected to the driving power supply Power, and the drain of the first PMOS transistor is connected to the first end of the coil of the relay 101. The gate of the first PMOS transistor turns on the first PMOS transistor in response to the high-side enable signal, allowing current from the driving power supply Power to flow from the source to the drain of the first PMOS transistor, and then through the relay 101. It is understood that when the gate voltage of the first PMOS transistor is less than the source voltage, that is, when the gate voltage of the first PMOS transistor is less than the driving power supply Power, and the absolute value of the difference between the gate voltage and the source voltage of the first PMOS transistor is greater than the absolute value of the turn-on voltage of the first PMOS transistor, the first PMOS transistor is easily turned on. This allows the first PMOS transistor to be turned on without using an additional boost circuit to boost the gate voltage of the first PMOS transistor, thereby reducing circuit complexity and cost.

[0119] The source of the first NMOS transistor is connected to the ground terminal GND, and the drain of the first NMOS transistor is connected to the second end of the coil of relay 101. The gate of the first NMOS transistor turns on the first NMOS transistor in response to a low-side enable signal. When the circuit between the first end of the coil of relay 101 and the driving power supply Power is conductive, the entire first circuit is conductive, allowing current from the driving power supply Power to flow through relay 101. It is understood that the first NMOS transistor can be turned on when the gate voltage of the first NMOS transistor is greater than the source voltage, and the difference between the gate voltage and the source voltage of the first NMOS transistor is greater than the turn-on voltage of the first NMOS transistor. Since the source of the first NMOS transistor is connected to the ground terminal GND, the first NMOS transistor can be easily turned on as long as the voltage applied to the gate of the first NMOS transistor is greater than 0V. This allows the first NMOS transistor to be turned on without using an additional boost circuit to boost the gate voltage of the first NMOS transistor, thereby reducing circuit complexity and cost.

[0120] In the above technical solution, it is possible to achieve smooth conduction of the switch tube 102 connected between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power while keeping the circuit complexity and cost low, and to smoothly conduction of the switch tube 102 connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND, thereby further improving the reliability of the drive of the relay 101.

[0121] refer to Figure 9 According to some embodiments of the present application, the battery management system further includes: at least one driving unit 105, the driving unit 105 is correspondingly connected to the switch tube 102, and the driving unit 105 is used to drive the switch tube 102 to conduct.

[0122] Figure 9 As an example, a case is shown in which a switch tube 102 is provided between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, and between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND. There are two drive units 105, and the two drive units 105 are connected to the switch tubes 102 located at the first end and the second end of the coil of the relay 101, respectively. In fact, if the relay 101 is unilaterally driven, the number of drive units 105 can be one. For example, if a switch tube 102 is provided between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, the drive unit 105 is connected to the switch tube and drives the switch tube to conduct; if a switch tube 102 is provided between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND, the drive unit 105 is connected to the switch tube and drives the switch tube to conduct.

[0123] When the voltage at the control terminal of the switch 102 is insufficient to turn on the switch 102, the driver 105 can adjust the voltage applied to the control terminal of the switch 102, thereby enabling the switch 102 to be turned on smoothly. The control terminal of the switch 102 refers to the terminal of the switch 102 used to control the on and off states of the switch 102. For example, the control terminal of a field-effect transistor is the gate, and the control terminal of a bipolar transistor is the base.

[0124] In some embodiments, the driving unit 105 may be an adjustable voltage source driving structure, such as an adjustable voltage regulator or a reference voltage source. The adjustable voltage source driving structure may be connected to the control terminal of the switch tube 102 to adjust the voltage applied to the control terminal of the switch tube 102.

[0125] In other embodiments, the driving unit 105 may also be a dedicated integrated driving chip, for example, a programmable gate driver, etc. The dedicated integrated driving chip can be connected to the control end of the switch tube 102 to adjust the voltage applied to the control end of the switch tube 102.

[0126] In some other embodiments, the driving unit 105 may also be a driving circuit for adjusting the input voltage of the control terminal of the switch tube 102 .

[0127] In the above technical solution, by providing the driving unit 105 , the switch tube 102 can be smoothly driven to conduct, and then the relay 101 can be driven to close in time, further improving the driving reliability of the relay 101 .

[0128] refer to Figure 10 According to some embodiments of the present application, when a first PMOS transistor Q1 is connected between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, the source of the first PMOS transistor Q1 is connected to the driving power supply Power, and the drain of the first PMOS transistor Q1 is connected to the first end of the coil of the relay 101. The driving unit 105 includes: a fifth resistor unit 5, a sixth resistor unit 6, and a second NMOS transistor Q3. The first end of the fifth resistor unit 5 is connected to the driving power supply Power, and the second end is connected to the gate of the first PMOS transistor Q1; the first end of the sixth resistor unit 6 is connected to the second end of the fifth resistor unit 5; the source of the second NMOS transistor Q3 is grounded, and the drain of the second NMOS transistor Q3 is connected to the second end of the sixth resistor unit 6.

[0129] The gate of the second NMOS transistor Q3 receives a high-side enable signal, which can be a high-level signal. Since the source of the second NMOS transistor Q3 is grounded, the gate voltage of the second NMOS transistor Q3 is greater than the source voltage, and the difference between the gate voltage and the source voltage of the second NMOS transistor Q3 can be greater than the turn-on voltage of the second NMOS transistor Q3, thereby making it easier for the second NMOS transistor Q3 to be turned on.

[0130] The sixth resistor unit 6 and the fifth resistor unit 5 are connected in series between the driving power supply Power and the drain of the second NMOS transistor Q3. Therefore, when the second NMOS transistor Q3 is turned on, the current of the driving power supply Power flows through the fifth resistor unit 5, the sixth resistor unit 6, and the drain and source of the second NMOS transistor Q3. After voltage division by the fifth resistor unit 5 and the sixth resistor unit 6, the voltage at the node between the fifth resistor unit 5 and the sixth resistor unit 6, that is, the voltage at the second end of the fifth resistor unit 5, is lower than the voltage of the driving power supply Power. Since the gate of the first PMOS transistor Q1 is connected to the second end of the fifth resistor unit 5 and the source of the first PMOS transistor Q1 is connected to the driving power supply Power, the gate voltage of the first PMOS transistor Q1 can be lower than the source voltage, thereby facilitating the driving of the first PMOS transistor Q1. It can be understood that the resistance values ​​of the fifth resistor unit 5 and the sixth resistor unit 6 can be controlled to adjust the voltage division of the second end of the fifth resistor unit 5, so that the absolute value of the difference between the gate voltage and the source voltage of the first PMOS transistor Q1 can be greater than the absolute value of the turn-on voltage of the first PMOS transistor Q1.

[0131] In some embodiments, the fifth resistance unit 5 may include a single resistance element. In other embodiments, the fifth resistance unit 5 may also include a resistance string.

[0132] In some embodiments, the sixth resistance unit 6 may include one resistance element. In other embodiments, the sixth resistance unit 6 may also include a resistance string.

[0133] In the above technical solution, the driving power supply Power is divided by the fifth resistor unit 5 and the sixth resistor unit 6, which is conducive to ensuring, to a certain extent, that the gate voltage of the first PMOS transistor Q1 can be lower than the source voltage, and the absolute value of the difference between the gate voltage and the source voltage of the first PMOS transistor Q1 is greater than the absolute value of the turn-on voltage of the first PMOS transistor Q1, thereby smoothly driving the first PMOS transistor Q1 to be turned on.

[0134] Continue to refer Figure 10According to some embodiments of the present application, when a first NMOS transistor Q2 is connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND, the source of the first NMOS transistor Q2 is connected to the ground terminal GND, and the drain of the first NMOS transistor Q2 is connected to the second end of the coil of the relay 101. The driving unit 105 includes: a second PMOS transistor Q4, a seventh resistor unit 7, an eighth resistor unit 8, and a third NMOS transistor Q5. The source of the second PMOS transistor Q4 is connected to the power supply voltage VDD, and the drain of the second PMOS transistor Q4 is connected to the gate of the first NMOS transistor Q2; a first end of the seventh resistor unit 7 is connected to the power supply voltage VDD, and a second end is connected to the gate of the second PMOS transistor Q4; a first end of the eighth resistor unit 8 is connected to the second end of the seventh resistor unit 7; a source of the third NMOS transistor Q5 is grounded, and the drain of the third NMOS transistor Q5 is connected to the second end of the eighth resistor unit 8.

[0135] The gate of the third NMOS transistor Q5 receives a low-side enable signal, which is a level signal greater than 0V. Since the source of the third NMOS transistor Q5 is grounded, the gate voltage of the third NMOS transistor Q5 is greater than the source voltage.

[0136] It is understandable that NMOS transistors of different specifications have different turn-on voltages. If the turn-on voltage of the first NMOS transistor Q2 is relatively high, it may be difficult to drive the first NMOS transistor Q2 to conduct if the gate of the first NMOS transistor Q2 directly receives the low-side enable signal. The third NMOS transistor Q5 can be an NMOS transistor with a lower turn-on voltage, so that the difference between the gate voltage and the source voltage of the third NMOS transistor Q5 can be greater than the turn-on voltage of the third NMOS transistor Q5, thereby making it easier for the third NMOS transistor Q5 to conduct.

[0137] The eighth resistor unit 8 and the seventh resistor unit 7 are connected in series, connected between the power supply voltage VDD and the drain of the third NMOS transistor Q5. Therefore, when the third NMOS transistor Q5 is turned on, current from the power supply voltage VDD flows through the seventh resistor unit 7, the eighth resistor unit 8, and the drain and source of the third NMOS transistor Q5. Voltage division by the seventh resistor unit 7 and the eighth resistor unit 8 causes the voltage at the node between the seventh resistor unit 7 and the eighth resistor unit 8, i.e., the voltage at the second end of the seventh resistor unit 7, to be lower than the power supply voltage VDD. Furthermore, since the gate of the second PMOS transistor Q4 is connected to the second end of the seventh resistor unit 7 and the source of the second PMOS transistor Q4 is connected to the power supply voltage VDD, the gate voltage of the second PMOS transistor Q4 can be lower than the source voltage, thereby facilitating the conduction of the second PMOS transistor Q4. It can be understood that the resistance values ​​of the seventh resistor unit 7 and the eighth resistor unit 8 can be controlled to adjust the voltage division of the second end of the seventh resistor unit 7, so that the absolute value of the difference between the gate voltage and the source voltage of the second PMOS transistor Q4 can be greater than the absolute value of the turn-on voltage of the second PMOS transistor Q4.

[0138] The drain of the second PMOS transistor Q4 is connected to the gate of the first NMOS transistor Q2. When the second PMOS transistor Q4 is on, current from the power supply voltage VDD is transmitted through the source of the second PMOS transistor Q4 to the drain of the second PMOS transistor Q4. If the on-resistance of the first PMOS transistor Q1 is low, the resistance of the first PMOS transistor Q1 is negligible. As a result, the drain voltage of the first PMOS transistor Q1 is approximately equal to the power supply voltage VDD at the source of the first PMOS transistor Q1, thereby causing the gate voltage of the first NMOS transistor Q2 to be close to the power supply voltage VDD. Because the source of the first NMOS transistor Q2 is grounded and the power supply voltage VDD is high, the gate voltage of the first NMOS transistor Q2 is greater than the source voltage of the first NMOS transistor Q2. If the on-voltage of the first NMOS transistor Q2 is high, a higher power supply voltage VDD can be used. This ensures that the difference between the gate voltage and the source voltage of the first NMOS transistor Q2 is greater than the on-voltage of the first NMOS transistor Q2, thereby smoothly driving the first NMOS transistor Q2 to conduct.

[0139] In the above technical solution, the seventh resistor unit 7 and the eighth resistor unit 8 divide the power supply voltage VDD, which helps to ensure that the second PMOS transistor Q4 is turned on to a certain extent. The power supply voltage VDD is then transmitted to the gate of the first NMOS transistor Q2 through the second PMOS transistor Q4, ensuring that the gate voltage of the first NMOS transistor Q2 is greater than the source voltage to a certain extent. In addition, the power supply voltage VDD can be adjusted according to the turn-on voltage of the first NMOS transistor Q2 so that the difference between the gate voltage and the source voltage of the first NMOS transistor Q2 is greater than the turn-on voltage of the first NMOS transistor Q2, thereby smoothly driving the first NMOS transistor Q2 to turn on.

[0140] An embodiment of the present application provides a battery device, including the battery management system in the above embodiment.

[0141] The battery device may include a battery, the battery management system may be connected to the battery, and the relay may control the connection and disconnection between the battery and other structures. For example, the relay may control the connection and disconnection between the battery and the charging device, or the relay may control the connection and disconnection between the battery and the heating device.

[0142] The microcontroller in the battery management system can be used to drive the on and off of the switch tube, and then drive the on and off of the relay.

[0143] The battery device has the beneficial effects of the battery management system provided in the embodiments of the present application. For details, please refer to the description of the battery management system in the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0144] An embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery device in the above embodiment, and the battery device supplies power to the electrical device.

[0145] For the electrical device, reference may be made to the relevant description in the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0146] An embodiment of the present application provides an energy storage device, which includes the battery device in the above embodiment, and the battery device is used to store electrical energy.

[0147] The energy storage device can refer to the relevant description in the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0148] An embodiment of the present application provides a battery management system, including: a relay 101, at least one switching tube 102 and at least one protection unit 103, wherein the first end of the coil of the relay 101 is used to be connected to the driving power supply Power, and the second end of the coil of the relay 101 is used to be connected to the ground terminal GND, and the relay 101 is used to be connected to the driving power supply Power and the ground terminal GND to form a first circuit; the switching tube 102 is connected to the first circuit, and the switching tube 102 is used to turn on the first circuit to provide the current output by the driving power supply Power to the relay 101, and control the relay 101 to be closed. The switching tube 102 is also used to disconnect the first circuit to cut off the current output by the driving power supply Power to the relay 101, and control the relay 101 to be disconnected; the protection unit 103 is connected to the first circuit to control the current flowing through the first circuit.

[0149] For example, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the number of switching tubes 102 can be one, the number of protection units 103 can be one, and the protection unit 103 is connected in series with the switching tube 102; wherein, the protection unit 103 and the switching tube 102 connected in series are connected between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, and the second end of the coil of the relay 101 is directly connected to the ground terminal GND; or, the protection unit 103 and the switching tube 102 connected in series are connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND, and the first end of the coil of the relay 101 is directly connected to the driving power supply Power.

[0150] For example, Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the number of switch tubes 102 can be one, and the number of protection units 103 can be two, namely a first protection unit 1031 and a second protection unit 1032, and the first protection unit 1031 is connected in series with the switch tube 102; wherein, the first protection unit 1031 and the switch tube 102 after being connected in series are connected between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, and the second protection unit 1032 is connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND; or, the first protection unit 1031 and the switch tube 102 after being connected in series are connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND, and the second protection unit 1032 is connected between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power.

[0151] For example, Figure 6As shown, there are two switching tubes 102 and two protection units 103, wherein one protection unit 103 is connected in series with one switching tube 102 and connected between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, and the other protection unit 103 is connected in series with the other switching tube 102 and connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground GND.

[0152] The protection unit 103 is a positive temperature coefficient thermistor.

[0153] When a switch 102 is connected between the first end of the coil of relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, the battery management system further includes: a first sampling unit 1041, connected to the first end of the coil of relay 101, for collecting the input voltage of the first end of the coil of relay 101. The first sampling unit 1041 includes: a first resistor unit 1 and a second resistor unit 2 connected in series, with the end of the first resistor unit 1 remote from the second resistor unit 2 connected to the first end of the coil of relay 101, and the end of the second resistor unit 2 remote from the first resistor unit 1 being grounded, with the node between the first resistor unit 1 and the second resistor unit 2 serving as a first sampling point; and a first sampling chip 11, which collects the voltage at the first sampling point and, based on the voltage at the first sampling point, obtains the input voltage of the first end of the coil of relay 101.

[0154] When a switch 102 is connected between the second end of the coil of relay 101 and ground GND, the battery management system further includes: a second sampling unit 1042 connected to the second end of the coil of relay 101 and configured to collect the output voltage of the second end of the coil of relay 101. The second sampling unit 1042 includes: a third resistor unit 3 and a fourth resistor unit 4 connected in series, with the end of the third resistor unit 3 remote from the fourth resistor unit 4 connected to the second end of the coil of relay 101, and the end of the fourth resistor unit 4 remote from the third resistor unit 3 connected to ground. The node between the third resistor unit 3 and the fourth resistor unit 4 serves as a second sampling point; and a second sampling chip 12, which collects the voltage at the second sampling point and, based on the voltage at the second sampling point, obtains the output voltage of the second end of the coil of relay 101.

[0155] When a switch tube 102 is connected between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, the switch tube 102 connected to the first end of the coil of the relay 101 is a first PMOS tube Q1; when a switch tube 102 is connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND, the switch tube 102 connected to the second end of the coil of the relay 101 is a first NMOS tube Q2.

[0156] The battery management system further includes: at least one driving unit 105 , which is connected to the switch tube 102 correspondingly, and is used to drive the switch tube 102 to conduct.

[0157] When a first PMOS transistor Q1 is connected between the first end of the coil of the relay 101 and the driving power supply Power, the source of the first PMOS transistor Q1 is connected to the driving power supply Power, and the drain of the first PMOS transistor Q1 is connected to the first end of the coil of the relay 101. The driving unit 105 includes: a fifth resistor unit 5, a sixth resistor unit 6, and a second NMOS transistor Q3. The first end of the fifth resistor unit 5 is connected to the driving power supply Power, and the second end is connected to the gate of the first PMOS transistor Q1; the first end of the sixth resistor unit 6 is connected to the second end of the fifth resistor unit 5; the source of the second NMOS transistor Q3 is grounded, and the drain of the second NMOS transistor Q3 is connected to the second end of the sixth resistor unit 6.

[0158] When the first NMOS transistor Q2 is connected between the second end of the coil of the relay 101 and the ground terminal GND, the source of the first NMOS transistor Q2 is connected to the ground terminal GND, and the drain of the first NMOS transistor Q2 is connected to the second end of the coil of the relay 101. The driving unit 105 includes: a second PMOS transistor Q4, a seventh resistor unit 7, an eighth resistor unit 8, and a third NMOS transistor Q5. The source of the second PMOS transistor Q4 is connected to the power supply voltage VDD, and the drain of the second PMOS transistor Q4 is connected to the gate of the first NMOS transistor Q2. The first end of the seventh resistor unit 7 is connected to the power supply voltage VDD, and the second end is connected to the gate of the second PMOS transistor Q4. The first end of the eighth resistor unit 8 is connected to the second end of the seventh resistor unit 7. The source of the third NMOS transistor Q5 is grounded, and the drain of the third NMOS transistor Q5 is connected to the second end of the eighth resistor unit 8.

[0159] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A battery management system, characterized in that: include: A relay, wherein a coil of the relay is connected to a driving power supply and a ground terminal to form a first loop; at least one switching transistor connected to the first circuit, the switching transistor being configured to conduct the first circuit to provide the current output by the driving power supply to the relay, thereby controlling the relay to be closed; and the switching transistor being configured to disconnect the first circuit to cut off the current output by the driving power supply to the relay, thereby controlling the relay to be opened; At least one protection unit is connected to the first loop and is used to control the current flowing through the first loop.

2. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the switch tube is one, the number of the protection unit is one, and the protection unit is connected in series with the switch tube; wherein, The protection unit and the switch tube connected in series are connected between the first end of the coil of the relay and the driving power supply, and the second end of the coil of the relay is directly connected to the ground; or, The protection unit and the switch tube connected in series are connected between the second end of the coil of the relay and the ground end, and the first end of the coil of the relay is directly connected to the driving power supply.

3. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the switch tube is one, and the number of the protection units is two, namely a first protection unit and a second protection unit, wherein the first protection unit is connected in series with the switch tube; The first protection unit and the switch tube connected in series are connected between the first end of the coil of the relay and the driving power supply, and the second protection unit is connected between the second end of the coil of the relay and the ground; or The first protection unit and the switch tube connected in series are connected between the second end of the coil of the relay and the ground end, and the second protection unit is connected between the first end of the coil of the relay and the driving power supply.

4. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two switching tubes and two protection units, wherein one protection unit is connected in series with one switching tube and connected between the first end of the coil of the relay and the driving power supply, and the other protection unit is connected in series with another switching tube and connected between the second end of the coil of the relay and the ground.

5. The battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The protection unit is a positive temperature coefficient thermistor.

6. The battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: In a case where the first end of the coil of the relay is connected to the driving power supply, and the switching tube is connected between the first end of the relay and the driving power supply, the battery management system further includes: The first sampling unit is connected to the first end of the coil of the relay and is used to collect the input voltage of the first end of the coil of the relay.

7. The battery management system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first sampling unit includes: a first resistance unit and a second resistance unit connected in series, wherein an end of the first resistance unit away from the second resistance unit is connected to the first end of the coil of the relay, an end of the second resistance unit away from the first resistance unit is grounded, and a node between the first resistance unit and the second resistance unit serves as a first sampling point; A first sampling chip is configured to collect a voltage at the first sampling point and obtain an input voltage at a first end of the coil of the relay based on the voltage at the first sampling point.

8. The battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: In a case where the second end of the coil of the relay is connected to the ground, and the switch tube is connected between the second end of the relay and the ground, the battery management system further includes: The second sampling unit is connected to the second end of the coil of the relay and is used to collect the output voltage of the second end of the coil of the relay.

9. The battery management system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second sampling unit includes: a third resistance unit and a fourth resistance unit connected in series, wherein one end of the third resistance unit away from the fourth resistance unit is connected to the second end of the coil of the relay, one end of the fourth resistance unit away from the third resistance unit is grounded, and a node between the third resistance unit and the fourth resistance unit serves as a second sampling point; A second sampling chip is used to collect the voltage at the second sampling point and obtain the output voltage of the second end of the coil of the relay based on the voltage at the second sampling point.

10. The battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: When the first end of the coil of the relay is connected to the driving power supply, and the switching tube is connected between the first end of the coil of the relay and the driving power supply, the switching tube connected to the first end of the coil of the relay is a first PMOS tube; When the second end of the coil of the relay is connected to the ground, and the switch tube is connected between the second end of the coil of the relay and the ground, the switch tube connected to the second end of the coil of the relay is a first NMOS tube.

11. The battery management system according to claim 10, characterized in that: The battery management system further includes: at least one driving unit, the driving unit being correspondingly connected to the switching tube, and the driving unit being configured to drive the switching tube to conduct.

12. The battery management system according to claim 11, characterized in that: In a case where the first PMOS transistor is connected between the first end of the coil of the relay and the driving power supply, the source of the first PMOS transistor is connected to the driving power supply, and the drain of the first PMOS transistor is connected to the first end of the coil of the relay, the driving unit includes: a fifth resistor unit, wherein a first end of the fifth resistor unit is connected to the driving power supply, and a second end of the fifth resistor unit is connected to the gate of the first PMOS transistor; a sixth resistor unit, wherein a first end of the sixth resistor unit is connected to the second end of the fifth resistor unit; A second NMOS transistor, wherein a source of the second NMOS transistor is grounded, and a drain of the second NMOS transistor is connected to the second end of the sixth resistance unit.

13. The battery management system according to claim 11, characterized in that: In a case where the first NMOS transistor is connected between the second end of the coil of the relay and the ground end, the source of the first NMOS transistor is connected to the ground end, and the drain of the first NMOS transistor is connected to the second end of the coil of the relay, the driving unit includes: a second PMOS transistor, wherein a source of the second PMOS transistor is connected to a power supply voltage, and a drain of the second PMOS transistor is connected to a gate of the first NMOS transistor; a seventh resistance unit, wherein a first end of the seventh resistance unit is connected to the power supply voltage, and a second end of the seventh resistance unit is connected to the gate of the second PMOS transistor; an eighth resistance unit, wherein a first end of the eighth resistance unit is connected to a second end of the seventh resistance unit; a third NMOS transistor, wherein a source of the third NMOS transistor is grounded, and a drain of the third NMOS transistor is connected to the second end of the eighth resistance unit.

14. A battery device, characterized in that: The battery management system comprises the battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. An electrical device, characterized in that: The battery device according to claim 14 is provided to supply power to the electrical device.

16. An energy storage device, characterized in that: The energy storage device comprises the battery device according to claim 14, wherein the battery device is used to store electrical energy.

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