Freight car coupler

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of railway vehicle connection, and particularly relates to a freight car coupler. The coupler comprises a coupler body, a coupler knuckle, an uncoupling rod, a tension spring rod and a tension spring, the coupler body comprises a coupler head, a coupler body and a coupler tail, a convex cone structure and a concave cone structure are arranged on the connecting face of the front end of the coupler head in a bilateral symmetry mode, and the curved surface of the concave cone structure of one freight car coupler guides and envelops the convex cone structure of the other freight car coupler to enter a coupling position. The coupler head is provided with a cavity matched with the coupler knuckle in shape at the center of the coupler connecting face, and the coupler knuckle is movably arranged in the cavity. Remote coupling rescue is achieved, the self weight is small, the self weight of the vehicle can be reduced, the coupling gap is small, the longitudinal impulse level of the vehicle can be improved, the dynamic performance is improved, and the space profile is small.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of railway vehicle connection, and in particular relates to a freight car coupler. Background Art

[0002] Currently, railway freight uses a large-volume marshaling transport mode, with vehicles connected using either 13B or 17 type couplers. If 13B couplers are used to connect carriages, 13B couplers are suitable for freight trains with medium load requirements. They can bear the traction between each carriage and ensure that the carriages will not come loose during travel. Although the 13B type coupler can meet this type of transportation needs, there may be certain traction and stability pressures in ultra-long train formations or heavy-load transportation, especially under high load conditions; if the 17 type coupler is used, it can provide stronger traction and higher stability, especially when the train is long and the cargo is heavy. The 17 type coupler can more effectively transmit traction and ensure the stability of the train. The design of the 17 type coupler can withstand greater pulling force and reduce the risk of loosening or damage under long-term, high-load transportation. The design of the 17 type coupler requires it to have a higher load-bearing capacity, so it is usually heavier than the 13B type coupler. The increase in weight will lead to an increase in the overall mass of the train, which may affect fuel (electricity) consumption and transportation efficiency for high-speed trains and long-distance transportation. Although the traction is enhanced, the increase in the weight of the coupler itself may lead to a decline in the overall economic efficiency of transportation, especially when heavy-load couplers are not required.

[0003] In summary, the aforementioned two types of couplers have large profiles, deadweights, and gaps, and cannot achieve remote automatic coupling. The coupling process requires manual intervention, and the large gaps create safety risks. Furthermore, if a fault occurs during the coupling process, remote diagnosis and repair are difficult. For unmanned freight transport vehicles using automated control, these two couplers, which cannot achieve remote coupling and rescue, are no longer suitable. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to solve the deficiencies of the above-mentioned background technology and provide a freight coupler. It has the characteristics of small deadweight, coupling gap and space profile, and can be remotely rescued, which well fills the gap in vehicle coupling coupler types in new freight modes.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a freight coupler, including a hook body, a hook tongue, an uncoupling rod, a tension spring rod and a tension spring, the hook body including a hook head, a hook body and a hook tail, a convex cone structure and a concave cone structure are symmetrically arranged at the left and right sides of the front end connecting surface of the hook head, the contour surface shapes of the convex cone structure and the concave cone structure are the same, the curved surface of the concave cone structure of one freight coupler guides and envelopes the convex cone structure of the other freight coupler to enter the coupling position, the hook head is provided with a cavity matching the shape of the hook tongue at the center of the coupler connecting surface, the hook tongue is movably arranged in the cavity, the cavity is communicated with the curved surface of the concave cone structure, the center of the hook tongue is connected to one end of the uncoupling rod, the middle part of the uncoupling rod is fixedly connected to one end of the first tension spring rod, the other end of the first tension spring rod is fixedly connected to one end of the tension spring, the other end of the tension spring is fixedly connected to the second tension spring rod or connected to the driving device, and the second tension spring rod is fixed on the hook body.

[0006] In this technical solution, by providing a convex and concave cone structure at the front end of the hook head, with their contoured surfaces being identical, the two freight couplers can be smoothly connected. The curved surface of the concave cone guides and envelops the convex cone, ensuring a smoother hooking process, reducing operator error and the risk of improper connection, and improving the accuracy and safety of the connection.

[0007] A further preferred structure is that the hook tongue is a semi-cylindrical structure, the cavity is a semi-cylindrical cavity, the hook tongue is located in the initial connection position in the semi-cylindrical cavity through the connection of a tension spring, when the hook tongue is located in the initial connection position, the central section of the semi-cylindrical structure of the hook tongue forms a certain angle with the central plane between the convex cone structure and the concave cone structure, when the hook tongue is located in the initial connection position, a part of the hook tongue is located in the semi-cylindrical cavity, and the other part is located in the curved surface of the concave cone structure.

[0008] In this technical solution, the semi-cylindrical structure of the hook tongue matches the cavity, allowing for flexible movement within the cavity. When the hook tongue mates with the hook head structure, the tension of the tension spring provides appropriate restraint, ensuring a stable and tight connection. This design reduces sticking, improves loading and unloading efficiency, and enhances connection reliability.

[0009] In a further preferred structure, semicircular bosses are provided above and below the semi-cylindrical cavity to limit the horizontal displacement of the hook tongue so that the hook tongue can rotate in the semi-cylindrical cavity.

[0010] A further preferred structure is that a center hole is opened at the center of the cross-section of the semi-cylindrical structure of the hook tongue, for one end of the unhooking rod to pass through the center hole and be connected and fixed with a locking nut and a gasket; a card slot is provided in the center hole of the hook tongue for assembly positioning and limiting the rotation of the unhooking rod.

[0011] A further preferred structure is that a threaded round rod is provided at one end of the unhooking rod, which is inserted into the center hole of the hook tongue and fixedly connected, and a vertical L-shaped structure handle is adopted at the other end for applying a load at the handle to operate the hook tongue to rotate.

[0012] A further preferred structure is that two parallel limit blocks are provided on one side of the front end connecting surface of the hook head, and a gap is provided between the two limit blocks in the vertical direction. The two ends of the limit rod are respectively fixed on the two limit blocks, and a circular hole is provided on each limit block for installing the limit rod.

[0013] A further preferred structure is that a limit plate is provided in the middle of the unhooking rod, and a bayonet is provided on the limit plate. When the hook tongue rotates to the separation position, the limit plate contacts the outer end face of the hook head, and the bayonet cooperates with the limit rod to limit the maximum rotation angle of the hook tongue.

[0014] A further preferred structure is that two planes are provided on the two limit blocks, and the circular hole includes an inner circular hole and an outer circular hole, and the inner circular hole and the outer circular hole are respectively opened on the inner and outer planes of the limit block, so as to rotate the limit rod from the outer circular hole of the two limit blocks to the inner circular hole, and cooperate with the bayonet opened on the limit plate of the unhooking rod to limit the unhooking rod.

[0015] In this technical solution, the provision of a stop block and a stop rod effectively limits the rotation range of the hook knuckle, preventing it from over-rotating or losing control. This design helps ensure the stability and precision of the hook knuckle during operation, avoiding connection failure or damage caused by excessive rotation or improper movement, and improving the safety and reliability of the overall system.

[0016] In a further preferred structure, a central circular hole is provided in the middle of the unhooking rod for passing the tension spring rod and the anti-loosening nut and gasket to fix the tension spring.

[0017] In a further preferred structure, the hook tail adopts a spherical end surface structure to support the full rotation or horizontal movement of the coupler around the center of the spherical end surface, and the hook tail is provided with a hook tail pin hole for connection with other vehicle components.

[0018] In this technical solution, the spherical end surface of the coupler tail supports full rotation and horizontal movement around the center of the spherical end surface, ensuring adaptability and flexibility in different situations. This allows the coupler to maintain a stable connection even with small changes in vehicle position, avoiding connection issues caused by vehicle position changes and improving operational flexibility and stability.

[0019] In a further preferred structure, the tension spring can be connected to an electric cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder as a driving device to implement remote automatic control.

[0020] The utility model realizes remote coupling rescue, has a small deadweight, can reduce the deadweight of the vehicle, has a small coupling gap, can improve the longitudinal impulse level of the vehicle, improves the dynamic performance, and has a small spatial profile. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is the main view of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-section at AA;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a top view of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 This is the left side view of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 5 This is the right side view of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 7 A three-dimensional diagram of the present invention from another angle;

[0028] In the figure, 1-hook body (11-hook head; 111-convex cone structure; 112-concave cone structure; 113-semi-cylindrical cavity; 114-semi-circular boss; 115-limiting block; 151-circular hole; 12-hook body; 13-hook tail; 131-hook tail pin hole); 2-tension spring rod; 3-tension spring; 4-unhooking rod (41-L-shaped structure handle; 42-limiting plate; 421-bayonet; 43-center circular hole); 5-anti-loosening nut; 6-hook tongue (61-center hole; 62-slot); 7-locking nut; 8-nut (81-cotter pin); 9-limiting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following further describes specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the descriptions of these embodiments are intended to facilitate understanding of the present invention and do not constitute limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with one another as long as they do not conflict with one another.

[0030] In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures and techniques are provided for purposes of illustration rather than limitation to facilitate a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application may be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted to avoid obscuring the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.

[0031] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0032] In addition, in the description of this application and the claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," "top," "bottom," "one side," "the other side," "one end," "the other end," etc., are used only to distinguish and describe, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. For example, without departing from the scope of this specification, a first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, a second component may be referred to as a first component. The components at the top and bottom may be interchanged or switched under certain circumstances; and the components at one end and the other end may have the same or different properties.

[0033] In the case of using "including", "having" and "comprising" described in this specification, unless used otherwise, another part or other parts may also be included, and the terms used may generally be singular but may also represent plural forms. In the description of this specification, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, when constructing components, although there is no clear description thereof, it can be understood that a certain error range is necessarily included.

[0034] When describing a positional relationship, for example, when the position sequence is described as "on," "above," "below," and "next," unless words or terms such as "just" or "directly" are used, situations where they are not in contact or in contact with each other may also be included. If a first element is mentioned as being "on" a second element, it does not mean that the first element must be above the second element in the drawing. The upper and lower parts of the components may change depending on the angle of observation and the change in orientation. Therefore, in the drawings or in the actual construction, if it is mentioned that the first element is "on" the second element, it may include a situation where the first element is "below" the second element as well as a situation where the first element is "above" the second element.

[0035] like Figure 1-7As shown, the utility model is a freight coupler, including a hook body 1, a hook tongue 6, an unhooking rod 4, a tension spring 3, a tension spring rod 2, and a limit rod 9. The hook body 1 is integrally cast from three parts: a hook head 11, a hook body 12, and a hook tail 13. A convex cone structure 111 and a concave cone structure 112 are arranged on the left and right sides of the connecting surface of the hook head 11. The convex cone structure 111 and the concave cone structure 112 have the same contour surface, and both adopt a variable-section cylindrical structure. The curved surface of the concave cone structure 112 guides and envelopes the convex cone structure 111 to enter the connecting position. The hook head 11 and the hook body 12 adopt a hollow structure to reduce their own weight. At the center of the coupler's connecting surface, the hook head 11 features a semi-cylindrical cavity 113 that matches the hook tongue 6. Semi-cylindrical cavity 113 communicates with the space formed by the curved surface of the concave cone structure 112. Semi-circular bosses 114 are positioned above and below the semi-cylindrical cavity 113 to limit the horizontal displacement of the hook tongue 6, ensuring that it rotates only within the semi-cylindrical cavity 113. The upper portion of the hook head 11 is connected to the hook body 12 with reinforcing ribs to enhance the coupler's strength. Two identically sized and shaped stoppers 115 are positioned at one end of the hook head 11's connecting surface, separated vertically by a predetermined distance. These two stoppers 115 feature two circular holes 151 to support the stopper rod 9 for positioning. The hook body 12 utilizes a hollow square column structure to reduce its own weight. The hook tail 13 adopts a spherical end surface structure to support the full rotation or horizontal movement of the coupler around the center of the spherical end surface. The hook tail 13 is provided with a hook tail pin hole 131 adopting an oblong hole structure to connect with other vehicle components.

[0036] In some optional embodiments, the coupler tongue 6 is semi-cylindrical in structure, with a semi-circular boss 114 provided on its edge. It is assembled with the hook body 1 within the semi-cylindrical cavity 113. The hook body 1 and coupler tongue 6 utilize a clearance fit to support horizontal rotation of the coupler tongue 6 about the center of the semi-circular boss 114 of the hook body 1. The clearance between the coupler tongue 6 and the hook body 1 represents the coupling clearance of the coupler. This structure significantly reduces the coupling clearance compared to conventional freight train couplers, thereby reducing longitudinal impulses of the train and improving the life and reliability of the coupler components. A center hole 61 is defined at the center of the semi-cylindrical cross-section of the coupler tongue 6, through which the uncoupling rod 4 passes to connect and secure with the lock nut 7 and washer. A slot 62 is provided in the semi-cylindrical center hole 61 of the coupler tongue 6 to secure the uncoupling rod 4.

[0037] In some optional embodiments, a threaded round rod is provided at one end of the unhooking rod 4 and is inserted into the center hole 61 of the hook tongue 6 for connection and fixation. A vertical L-shaped handle 41 is provided at the other end for applying a load at the handle to operate the rotation of the hook tongue 6. A limit plate 42 is provided in the middle of the unhooking rod 4, and a bayonet 421 is provided on the limit plate 42. When the hook tongue 6 rotates to the separation position (i.e., the center section of the semi-cylindrical structure of the hook tongue 6 coincides with the center plane between the convex cone structure 111 and the concave cone structure 112), the limit plate 42 and the outer end surface of the hook head 11 ( Figure 6The latch 421 cooperates with the limit rod 9 to limit the rotation angle of the hook tongue 6. A central circular hole 43 is provided in the middle of the unhooking rod 4 to pass the tension spring rod 2 and the lock nut 5 and washer to fix the tension spring 3.

[0038] In some optional embodiments, one end of the tension spring 3 is fixed to the hook body through the tension spring rod 2, and the other end is fixed to the unhooking rod 4 through the tension spring rod 2. When the tension spring 3 is assembled, a certain pre-tension is applied to ensure that the hook tongue 6 is in the initial connection position before connection. The initial connection position refers to the initial position of the hook tongue 6 in the semi-cylindrical cavity 113 of the hook body 1. At this time, the central section of the semi-cylindrical structure of the hook tongue 6 forms a certain angle with the central plane between the convex cone structure 111 and the concave cone structure 112 ( Figure 2 In the figure α), a part of the hook tongue 6 is located in the semi-cylindrical cavity 113, and the other part is located in the curved surface of the concave cone structure 112. During the rotation of the hook tongue 6, the tension of the tension spring 3 becomes larger and larger. When the hook tongue 6 rotates to the separation position (that is, the central section of the semi-cylindrical structure of the hook tongue 6 coincides with the central plane between the convex cone structure 111 and the concave cone structure 112), the tension of the tension spring 3 is at its maximum value. At this time, the load applied to the unhooking rod 4 is eliminated, and the tension spring 3 can rotate with the hook tongue 6 and the unhooking rod 4 under the action of the tension to restore to the original connected initial position.

[0039] In some optional embodiments, the limiting rod 9 adopts a cylindrical structure, and two planes are respectively provided on the two limiting blocks 115, and the outer circular hole and the inner circular hole are respectively opened on the two planes. After the limiting rod 9 is rotated, it can be moved from the outer circular hole of the two limiting blocks 115 of the hook head 11 to the inner circular hole to limit the limiting plate 42 of the unhooking rod 4.

[0040] The utility model is used in the following manner: when two couplers are coupled, the convex cone structures 111 of the two freight couplers are respectively inserted into the concave cone structures 112 of the opposite freight couplers. As the convex cone structure 111 advances along the arc guide line of the concave cone structure 112, the cross section of the convex cone structure 111 squeezes the semi-cylindrical hook tongue 6 in the semi-cylindrical cavity 113 of the hook body 1 to rotate from the initial position. When the rotation centers of the two freight coupler hook tongues 6 are close to overlapping, the two coupler hook bodies 1 form a complete cylindrical cavity, and the two coupler hook tongues 6 form a complete cylindrical stopper. Under the tension of their respective tension springs 3, the two coupler hook tongues 6 are rotated to the coupled position (the same position as the initial coupled position), thereby completing the coupling action of the two couplers.

[0041] When the two couplers are separated, a load is applied to the handle of the uncoupling lever 4 to rotate the coupler tongue 6 to the separation position. At this time, the limit plate 42 of the uncoupling lever 4 is aligned with the outer end surface of the hook head 11 ( Figure 6 The limit rod 9 is rotated and moved from the outer hole of the limit plate 42 of the hook head to the inner hole, and is engaged with the bayonet 421 of the limit plate 42 to limit the rebound of the unhooking rod 4 under tension, thereby ensuring that the coupler tongue 6 is in the separation position, thereby completing the separation of the two couplers.

[0042] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to this. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Matters not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A freight coupler, characterized in that: The invention comprises a hook body (1), a hook tongue (6), an unhooking rod (4), a tension spring rod (2) and a tension spring (3); the hook body (1) comprises a hook head (11), a hook body (12) and a hook tail (13); a convex cone structure (111) and a concave cone structure (112) are symmetrically arranged at the front connection surface of the hook head (11); the curved surface of the concave cone structure (112) of one freight coupler guides and envelops the convex cone structure (111) of the other freight coupler to enter the coupling position; the hook head (11) is provided with a convex cone structure (111) at the center of the coupler connection surface. The tongue (6) has a cavity that matches the shape of the tongue, and the hook tongue (6) is movably arranged in the cavity. The cavity is communicated with the curved surface of the concave cone structure (112). The center of the hook tongue (6) is connected to one end of the unhooking rod (4). The middle of the unhooking rod (4) is fixedly connected to one end of the first tension spring rod (2). The other end of the first tension spring rod (2) is fixedly connected to one end of the tension spring (3). The other end of the tension spring (3) is fixedly connected to the second tension spring rod (2) or connected to the driving device. The second tension spring rod (2) is fixed on the hook body (12).

2. A freight coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hook tongue (6) is a semi-cylindrical structure, and the cavity is a semi-cylindrical cavity (113). The hook tongue (6) is located in the semi-cylindrical cavity (113) through the connection of the tension spring (3). When the hook tongue (6) is located in the initial connection position, the central section of the semi-cylindrical structure of the hook tongue (6) forms a certain angle with the central plane between the convex cone structure (111) and the concave cone structure (112), and a part of the hook tongue (6) is located in the semi-cylindrical cavity (113), and the other part is located in the curved surface of the concave cone structure (112).

3. A freight coupler according to claim 2, characterized in that: Semicircular bosses (114) are provided above and below the semi-cylindrical cavity (113) to limit the horizontal displacement of the hook tongue (6) so that the hook tongue (6) can rotate in the semi-cylindrical cavity (113).

4. The freight coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: A center hole (61) is provided at the center of the semi-cylindrical structure section of the hook tongue (6), for one end of the unhooking rod (4) to pass through the center hole (61) and be connected and fixed with the locking nut (7) and the gasket; a slot (62) is provided in the center hole (61) of the hook tongue (6) for assembly positioning and limiting the rotation of the unhooking rod (4).

5. The freight coupler according to claim 4, characterized in that: A threaded round rod is provided at one end of the unhooking rod (4) and is inserted into the center hole (61) of the hook tongue (6) for fixed connection, and a vertical L-shaped structure handle (41) is provided at the other end for applying a load at the handle to operate the hook tongue (6) to rotate.

6. The freight coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two mutually parallel limiting blocks (115) are provided on one side of the front end connection surface of the hook head (11), and a gap is provided between the two limiting blocks (115) in the vertical direction. The two ends of the limiting rod (9) are respectively fixed on the two limiting blocks (115), and a circular hole (151) is provided on each limiting block (115) for installing the limiting rod (9).

7. The freight coupler according to claim 6, characterized in that: A limit plate (42) is provided in the middle of the unhooking rod (4), and a bayonet (421) is provided on the limit plate (42). When the hook tongue (6) rotates to the separation position, the limit plate (42) contacts the outer end surface of the hook head (11), and the bayonet (421) cooperates with the limit rod (9) to limit the rotation limit angle of the hook tongue (6).

8. The freight coupler according to claim 6, characterized in that: The two limit blocks (115) are each provided with two planes, and the circular hole (151) includes an inner circular hole and an outer circular hole, which are respectively opened on the inner and outer planes of the limit block (115) and used for rotating the limit rod (9) from the outer circular hole of the two limit blocks (115) to the inner circular hole, and cooperate with the bayonet (421) opened on the limit plate (42) of the unhooking rod (4) to limit the unhooking rod (4).

9. The freight coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: A central circular hole (43) is provided in the middle of the unhooking rod (4) for passing the tension spring rod (2) and the anti-loosening nut (5) and the gasket to fix the tension spring (3).

10. The freight coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hook tail (13) adopts a spherical end surface structure to support the vehicle coupler to rotate or move horizontally around the center of the spherical end surface in all directions. The hook tail (13) is provided with a hook tail pin hole (131) to connect with other vehicle components.

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