Dam piping prevention system based on electroosmosis pulse

Abstract

The utility model discloses a dam piping prevention system based on electroosmosis pulses. N electrodes are arranged in a dam in the width direction of the dam. N is an integer greater than or equal to 2; each electrode comprises a plurality of pairs of electrodes arranged along the length direction of the dam; the electrode is vertically inserted into the dam; wherein one electrode is arranged on the upstream face of the dam; a pulse generator is arranged on the dam; the pulse generator is connected with the electrode; in each electrode, the negative electrode is close to one side of the water body (upstream face), and the positive electrode is far away from one side of the water body (upstream face); the pulse generator emits electroosmosis pulses through the electrodes, so that N intangible anti-seepage walls are formed in the dam, and piping accidents are effectively prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a dam piping prevention system based on electroosmotic pulses. Background Art

[0002] Piping refers to the phenomenon that under the action of seepage, fine particles of soil are formed along the skeleton particles, and the flow rate of water in the soil pores increases, causing the fine particles of soil to be washed away, forming a water flow channel.

[0003] Piping is a catastrophic threat to dams and dikes. When piping occurs, the water surface will ripple. As the upstream water level rises, the duration of the ripple increases, the danger worsens, and a large amount of water surges and overturns the sand, causing damage to dams and sluice gates. foundation The soil skeleton is destroyed, the pores are enlarged, and the base soil is hollowed out, causing buildings to collapse and resulting in accidents such as dike breaches, dam collapses, and gate failures.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to take practical and effective measures to prevent the occurrence of piping, and it is necessary to design a new system and method for preventing dam piping. Utility Model Content

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a dam piping prevention system based on electroosmotic pulses, which can effectively prevent piping from occurring.

[0006] The technical solutions of the utility model are as follows:

[0007] A dam piping prevention system based on electroosmotic pulses comprises N electrodes arranged along the width of the dam; N is an integer, N≥2; each electrode comprises multiple pairs of electrodes arranged along the length of the dam; the electrodes are vertically inserted into the dam;

[0008] One of the electrodes is located on the water-facing side of the dam;

[0009] The dam is equipped with a pulse generator connected to electrodes. In each electrode, the negative electrode is located on the side closest to the water (the water-facing side), and the positive electrode is located on the side away from the water (the water-facing side). The dam piping prevention system also includes a data acquisition terminal (MCU data processing unit) to collect current data flowing through each positive and negative electrode and feed it back to the control center.

[0010] The pulse generator emits electroosmotic pulses through electrodes, thereby forming N invisible anti-seepage walls inside the dam to prevent pipe burst accidents.

[0011] The electrodes are inserted into the base of the dam.

[0012] N is equal to 2 or 3.

[0013] There are N pulse generators, and each pulse generator is responsible for the pulse output of one electrode.

[0014] The system also includes a control center, which is connected to the N pulse generators via a CAN bus. The control center can be an industrial computer or a master control device based on a DSP or PLC. It is also called a host.

[0015] The control center is connected to the cloud server.

[0016] Each pulse generating unit is connected to multiple positive electrodes and multiple negative electrodes. In the pulse generating unit, the MCU serves as the main control unit. The MCU controls the pulse generator through a pulse drive circuit to generate a pulse signal with a preset frequency, duty cycle, and voltage value. A first current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to each positive electrode; a second current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to each negative electrode. The voltage sampling signals generated by the first current sampling resistor and the second current sampling resistor respectively pass through their corresponding amplification circuits and A / D conversion circuits and then enter the MCU to complete data collection.

[0017] The use of this dam piping prevention system can form an invisible anti-seepage wall on the water-facing side of the dam and the nearby dam bottom, preventing excessive water from seeping into the dam body and carrying away sediment to form a water flow channel, thereby preventing piping from occurring.

[0018] When the pulse voltage is 36V or below, the distance between the positive and negative electrodes in each set should be within 2 meters. For voltage levels up to 36V, the distance between the positive and negative electrodes should be within 2 meters. As the voltage increases, the distance between the positive and negative electrodes may increase.

[0019] The bottom ends of the positive and negative electrodes in each set of positive and negative electrodes are aligned.

[0020] The pulse output of each grid area is controlled in a timed sequence; for example, during time t1, only the first grid area outputs pulses, during time t2, only the second grid area outputs pulses, and during time t3, only the third grid area outputs pulses. This controls the orderly movement of water within the dam body under the influence of electroosmotic forces, thereby ensuring a stable moisture content in the dam body and ensuring its safety. T1, t2, and t3 can be values ​​between 1 and 100 seconds.

[0021] Each pulse generating unit is connected to multiple positive electrodes and multiple negative electrodes. In the pulse generating unit, the MCU serves as the main control unit. The MCU controls the pulse generator through a pulse drive circuit to generate a pulse signal with a preset frequency, duty cycle, and voltage value. A first current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to each positive electrode; a second current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to each negative electrode. The voltage sampling signals generated by the first current sampling resistor and the second current sampling resistor respectively pass through their corresponding amplification circuits and A / D conversion circuits and then enter the MCU to complete data collection.

[0022] The pulse frequency is generally 4Hz, frequency range: 2-10Hz.

[0023] The system is usually activated in advance before a flood or regularly to monitor the safety of the dam.

[0024] The dam protection system also includes a bus, and a plurality of pulse generating units are mounted on the bus. The pulse generating units include a pulse generator for generating a pulse sequence and electrodes, and the electrodes include a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The electrodes are arranged on the dam slope.

[0025] The pulse sequence of each cycle consists of three parts: a positive pulse segment (positive voltage pulse), a negative pulse segment (negative voltage pulse) and a pause segment (zero voltage pulse); among them: the positive pulse prompts the cations and the water molecules bound to them to move from the anode side to the cathode side, which is opposite to the direction induced by the water gradient, preventing water from penetrating into the dam; the negative voltage pulse allows a certain amount of water to be controlled in the dam as an electroosmotic medium to avoid excessive drying of the dam body; the pause segment provides sufficient response time for the effects of the positive and negative pulses, allowing the system to reach a new equilibrium state.

[0026] The pulse generating unit applies electroosmotic pulses to electrodes arranged in the dam slope, so that the water content in the dam slope is stabilized within a preset range, thereby achieving the stability of the dam slope.

[0027] It also includes an IoT platform and a monitoring center. The monitoring center communicates with the IoT platform and is mounted on the bus. The monitoring center and IoT platform communicate via the MQTT mechanism. MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) refers to message queue telemetry transport.

[0028] The bus is a CAN bus.

[0029] Each pulse generating unit is connected to a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes.

[0030] In the pulse generating unit, the MCU serves as the main control unit. The MCU controls the pulse generator through the pulse driving circuit to generate a pulse signal with a preset frequency, duty cycle and voltage value. A first current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connected to each positive electrode of the pulse generator; a second current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connected to each negative electrode of the pulse generator.

[0031] The voltage sampling signals generated on the first current sampling resistor and the second current sampling resistor respectively pass through their corresponding amplifying circuits and A / D conversion circuits and then enter the MCU to complete data collection.

[0032] MCU data conversion mainly converts the analog signal into binary format, and then digitally filters, classifies, stores, and encodes it into the CAN communication protocol format and sends it to the bus through the CAN controller.

[0033] An alarm is installed at the monitoring center or pulse generating unit.

[0034] The negative electrode is a negative electrode rod, and the positive electrode is a zinc tube positive electrode; the negative electrode net or negative electrode rod is laid along the slope surface where the dam contacts the water body; the zinc tube positive electrode is inserted into the structure of the dam (that is, the natural soil or concrete of the dam itself), and the pulse generator is laid on the dam.

[0035] The current data collected by the pulse generating unit at the dam site is used to determine the water content of the dam slope, thus realizing the status monitoring of the dam slope.

[0036] When the current exceeds a preset value, the duty cycle of the electroosmotic pulse increases to reduce the moisture content of the dam slope and achieve active stabilization. When the moisture content exceeds 20%, the positive pulse width increases by 5 milliseconds every six hours, while the negative pulse decreases by 2 milliseconds. This continues until the moisture content drops by 20%. At this point, the positive pulse width decreases by 5 milliseconds every six hours, while the negative pulse increases by 2 milliseconds, to maintain a stable moisture content. Electroosmotic pulse parameter settings range: positive pulse width 100-200ms, negative pulse width 5-150ms, and frequency 3 to 5Hz.

[0037] If the current is higher than the preset alarm value, the monitoring center or pulse generating unit will trigger an alarm, such as sound and light alarm, telephone alarm, etc.

[0038] The principle of electroosmotic pulse to stabilize the dam:

[0039] The pulse sequence consists of three parts: a positive pulse segment (positive voltage pulse), a negative pulse segment (negative voltage pulse), and a pause segment (zero voltage pulse). The positive pulse causes the cations and their bound water molecules to move from the anode side to the cathode side, in the opposite direction of the hydraulic gradient, preventing water from penetrating the dam. As the hydrated cations form a double layer along the capillary walls, polarization leads to a reduction in flow. The negative voltage pulse allows a certain amount of water to be controlled in the concrete structure to avoid excessive drying of the dam body. Under the action of the electroosmotic pulse, a polarization effect is produced on the water molecules: hydrogen gathers into a polarized cathode, and hydroxyl groups gather into a polarized anode. The high-speed moving cations and anions floating in the capillary fluid between the double layers will reverse, and the anode will become the cathode and the cathode will become the anode.

[0040] The positive voltage pulse has the longest pulse time and the signal amplitude is typically between 12 V and 36 V DC. The use of a bipolar pulse waveform prevents the concrete from over-drying and losing its structural integrity.

[0041] One of the most critical aspects of this technology is the negative voltage pulse. This allows the moisture content within the concrete to be controlled, preventing the electroosmotic medium (i.e., the concrete matrix) from drying out excessively and subsequently degrading. The anode is inserted into the structure, while the cathode is placed directly outside in the soil. The positive and negative pulses trigger chemical reactions during the electrolysis process. Meanwhile, a rest period (no voltage applied) allows the system to reach equilibrium.

[0042] The concept behind this utility model is to form an invisible anti-seepage wall between the water-facing surface and the nearby reservoir bottom (or river bottom). This prevents excessive water from seeping into the dam body, carrying away sediment and forming a water flow channel (the dam body must maintain a certain humidity level). Electroosmotic pulse technology: Within the pores of a double-layer porous medium, water within the pores moves along the direction of the electric field.

[0043] The technology uses the electroosmotic force field formed by electroosmotic pulses to counteract the potential field of water flow to prevent pipe bursts.

[0044] Multiple positive and negative electrodes are strategically arranged longitudinally along the path where piping may potentially occur, and then point-shaped, surface-shaped, and columnar positive and negative electrodes are arranged transversely, thereby connecting a unified positive and negative electric field to form multiple anti-seepage walls. At the same time, the positive and negative electric fields are carefully grouped, divided, and located, and the electroosmotic pulse host is connected. Technical adjustments are made through changes in current data. Under the action of the system, the density and seepage rate of the porous medium on the assumed (possible) piping path will not change due to changes in water pressure within the dam, and the soil and fine sand particles will not be carried away by the water flow, so no piping channel will be formed. The water content in the dam body medium is controlled to be maintained within a preset range, thereby preventing the occurrence of piping. The technology of the utility model not only ensures normal seepage of the dam body and dam foundation, but also prevents the occurrence of piping.

[0045] Beneficial effects:

[0046] The utility model of the dam piping prevention system based on electroosmotic pulse can monitor the water content and its changing trend in the flood control dam in real time through electric current through the basic principle of electroosmotic pulse. It can not only implement early warning, but also, by adjusting the pulse parameters, implement active prevention and control for the dam slope, which is beneficial to maintaining the overall stability of the dam body and effectively preventing the occurrence of piping. It is low in cost and easy to deploy, and has significant economic benefits (cost advantages) and social benefits.

[0047] In addition, on this basis, the use of multiple electrodes can form multiple continuous electric fields in the water-facing slope of the dam, thereby forming multiple continuous leakage blocking layers, effectively preventing serious leakage of water molecules into the dam body, thereby achieving the goal of stabilizing the dam body and preventing pipe bursts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram (vertical cross-sectional view) of the layout of the dam piping prevention system based on electroosmotic pulse of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram (top view) of the electrode layout in the dam piping prevention system based on electroosmotic pulses of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 It is the control circuit block diagram;

[0051] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the positive electrode rod structure (main view cross-section);

[0052] Figure 5 This is the overall block diagram of the electroosmotic pulse system;

[0053] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of data acquisition in the electroosmotic pulse system;

[0054] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the pulse generating unit;

[0055] Figure 8 It is a pulse waveform diagram.

[0056] Explanation of the numbers: 6-copper core wire, 7-conductive PE layer, 8-conductive mortar, 9-zinc pipe, 10-cone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0058] Example 1: Figure 1-4 A dam pipe surge prevention system based on electroosmotic pulses is provided in the dam along the width of the dam, with 2-3 heavy electrodes ( Figure 1 The middle is 2 layers, Figure 2 and Figure 3 Each electrode layer includes multiple pairs of electrodes arranged along the length of the dam; the electrodes are vertically inserted into the dam;

[0059] One of the electrodes is set on the water-facing side of the dam; the others are set in the middle of the dam or on the water-receiving side.

[0060] The dam is equipped with a pulse generator connected to electrodes. In each electrode, the negative electrode is located on the side closest to the water (the water-facing side), and the positive electrode is located on the side away from the water (the water-facing side). The dam piping prevention system also includes a data acquisition terminal (MCU data processing unit) to collect current data flowing through each positive and negative electrode and feed it back to the control center.

[0061] The pulse generator emits electroosmotic pulses through electrodes, thereby forming N invisible anti-seepage walls inside the dam to prevent pipe burst accidents.

[0062] The electrodes are inserted into the base of the dam.

[0063] There are 2-3 pulse generators, each of which is responsible for the pulse output of one electrode. Figure 3 , and can also be divided into multiple areas for distributed control.

[0064] The system also includes a control center, which is connected to the N pulse generators via a CAN bus. The control center can be an industrial computer or a master control device based on a DSP or PLC. It is also called a host.

[0065] The control center is connected to the cloud server.

[0066] Each pulse generating unit is connected to multiple positive electrodes and multiple negative electrodes. In the pulse generating unit, the MCU serves as the main control unit. The MCU controls the pulse generator through a pulse drive circuit to generate a pulse signal with a preset frequency, duty cycle, and voltage value. A first current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to each positive electrode; a second current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to each negative electrode. The voltage sampling signals generated by the first current sampling resistor and the second current sampling resistor respectively pass through their corresponding amplification circuits and A / D conversion circuits and then enter the MCU to complete data collection.

[0067] The use of a dam piping prevention system can form an invisible anti-seepage wall on the water-facing side of the dam and the nearby dam bottom, preventing excessive water from seeping into the dam body and carrying away sediment to form a water flow channel, thereby preventing piping from occurring.

[0068] The pulse output of each grid area is controlled in a timed sequence; for example, during time t1, only the first column of grid areas outputs pulses, during time t2, only the second column of grid areas outputs pulses, and during time t3, only the third column of grid areas outputs pulses. T1 (or t2, t3) can be a value between 1 and 100 seconds. The time cycle is repeated, controlling the orderly movement of water within the dam body under the influence of electroosmotic forces. This ensures a stable moisture content in the dam body and ensures its safety.

[0069] Each pulse generating unit is connected to multiple positive electrodes and multiple negative electrodes. In the pulse generating unit, the MCU serves as the main control unit. The MCU controls the pulse generator through a pulse drive circuit to generate a pulse signal with a preset frequency, duty cycle, and voltage value. A first current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to each positive electrode; a second current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to each negative electrode. The voltage sampling signals generated by the first current sampling resistor and the second current sampling resistor respectively pass through their corresponding amplification circuits and A / D conversion circuits and then enter the MCU to complete data collection.

[0070] A dam protection method based on electroosmotic pulse multiple electrode layout uses the aforementioned dam protection system to implement active protection of the dam.

[0071] In this system, the pulse frequency is 4Hz.

[0072] The system is usually activated in advance before a flood arrives.

[0073] Furthermore, Figure 5-6 , the monitoring center is communicatively connected with a plurality of pulse generating units;

[0074] Each pulse generating unit includes a pulse generator and a positive electrode and a negative electrode connected to the pulse generator, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are both arranged on the flood control dam, and the pulse generating unit collects current data from the positive electrode and the negative electrode as a pulse generating unit; the pulse generator is used to generate electroosmotic pulses;

[0075] The monitoring center is used to collect the current data sampled by each pulse generating unit and process the data, thereby realizing the monitoring of the dam slope state and implementing active stability control of the dam slope based on the electroosmotic pulses.

[0076] It also includes an IoT platform, and the monitoring center communicates with the IoT platform via the MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) mechanism.

[0077] The monitoring center is connected to multiple pulse generating units via CAN bus communication.

[0078] In the pulse generating unit, the MCU serves as the main control unit. The MCU controls the pulse generator through the pulse driving circuit to generate a pulse signal with a preset frequency, duty cycle and voltage value. A first current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connected to the positive electrode of the pulse generator; a second current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connected to the negative electrode of the pulse generator.

[0079] The voltage sampling signals generated on the first current sampling resistor and the second current sampling resistor respectively pass through their corresponding amplifying circuits and A / D conversion circuits and then enter the MCU to complete data collection.

[0080] MCU data conversion mainly converts the analog signal into binary format, and then digitally filters, classifies, stores, and encodes it into the CAN communication protocol format and sends it to the bus through the CAN controller.

[0081] An alarm is installed at the monitoring center or pulse generating unit.

[0082] The negative electrode rod and the positive electrode adopt zinc tube positive electrode.

[0083] Specifically, the monitoring center uses a system screen, which is a touch screen with an embedded operating system. It is used to view the data status of various sites and the safety indicators of the dam. If necessary, relevant parameters can be set.

[0084] When the system is working, the current data collected by the pulse generating unit at the dam site is used to determine the water content of the dam slope, thereby realizing the status monitoring of the dam slope.

[0085] When the current is higher than the preset value, the duty cycle of the electroosmosis pulse is increased to reduce the water content of the dam slope and achieve active stabilization of the dam slope.

[0086] The specific control method is: when the moisture content exceeds 20%, the positive pulse width increases by 5 milliseconds every 6 hours, and the negative pulse decreases by 2 milliseconds, until the moisture content drops by 20%, the positive pulse width decreases by 5 milliseconds every 6 hours, and the negative pulse increases by 2 milliseconds to maintain the stability of the slope moisture content.

[0087] The electroosmotic pulse parameter setting range is: positive pulse width 100-200ms, negative pulse width 5-150ms, and frequency 3 to 5Hz.

[0088] If the current is higher than the preset alarm value, the monitoring center or pulse generating unit will trigger an alarm, such as sound and light alarm, telephone alarm, etc.

[0089] The structure of the rod-shaped electrode as the positive electrode is as follows Figure 4As shown, the rod electrode's outer layer is constructed of a structurally strong zinc tube. This zinc tube is not only corrosion-resistant but also highly conductive. Through electroosmosis, it continuously provides cations, forming hydrated cations. The rod electrode's tapered tip facilitates easy penetration through soil and rock layers under applied pressure, facilitating burial within the embankment. Current transmission utilizes an inner copper wire, while the outer conductive PE layer conducts the positive current. The gap between the conductive PE and the zinc tube is filled with conductive mortar. This structure effectively ensures the strength of the far-end electroosmotic field, preventing attenuation. The conductive mortar filling ensures good contact between the conductive PE and the zinc tube. Heat shrink tubing can also be placed on the upper end of the rod electrode to prevent overflow of the conductive mortar.

[0090] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dam piping prevention system based on electroosmotic pulse, characterized in that: N electrodes are provided along the width of the dam; N is an integer, N≥2; each electrode comprises a plurality of pairs of electrodes arranged along the length of the dam; the electrodes are vertically inserted into the dam; One of the electrodes is located on the water-facing side of the dam; The dam is equipped with a pulse generator connected to electrodes. In each electrode, the negative electrode is located near the water body, and the positive electrode is located away from the water body. The dam piping prevention system also includes a data acquisition terminal for collecting current data flowing through each positive and negative electrode and feeding it back to the control center. The pulse generator emits electroosmotic pulses through electrodes, thereby forming N invisible anti-seepage walls inside the dam to prevent pipe burst accidents.

2. The dam piping prevention system based on electroosmotic pulse according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electrodes are inserted into the base of the dam.

3. The dam piping prevention system based on electroosmotic pulse according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: N is equal to 2 or 3.

4. The dam piping prevention system based on electroosmotic pulse according to claim 3 is characterized in that: There are N pulse generators, and each pulse generator is responsible for the pulse output of one electrode.

5. The dam piping prevention system based on electroosmotic pulse according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The utility model also comprises a control center, which is connected with the N pulse generators via a CAN bus communication.

6. The dam piping prevention system based on electroosmotic pulse according to claim 5, characterized in that: The control center is connected to the cloud server.

7. The dam piping prevention system based on electroosmotic pulse according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each pulse generating unit is connected to multiple positive poles and multiple negative poles; in the pulse generating unit, the MCU serves as the main control unit. The MCU controls the pulse generator through the pulse driving circuit to generate a pulse signal with a preset frequency, duty cycle and voltage value. A first current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to each positive pole; a second current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to each negative pole; the voltage sampling signals generated on the first current sampling resistor and the second current sampling resistor respectively pass through their corresponding amplification circuits and A / D conversion circuits and enter the MCU to complete data collection.

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