Pre-combustion chamber structure, engine and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of vehicles, and discloses a pre-combustion chamber structure, an engine and a vehicle, the pre-combustion chamber structure comprises a pre-combustion chamber main body, the pre-combustion chamber main body comprises an injection part, a communication part and a mixing part which are communicated in sequence, the injection part is provided with a containing cavity, the bottom of the containing cavity is provided with a protrusion, the injection part is provided with an injection hole, and the injection hole is communicated with the communication part. The side wall, close to the protrusion, of the spray hole and the other side wall, close to the communicating part, of the spray hole are in smooth transition connection with the inner side wall of the protrusion and the inner side wall of the communicating part correspondingly, when an engine is in a compression stroke, the flowing resistance of fresh air entering the precombustion chamber body is reduced, the movement speed of airflow is increased, and therefore the turbulence energy of the precombustion chamber body is enhanced, and the combustion efficiency is improved. When an engine is in an expansion stroke, under the action of the protrusions, energy loss is reduced after high-temperature flames which rapidly expand impact the high-temperature flames, the high-temperature flames rapidly enter the spraying holes, and therefore the energy of sprayed jet flow is improved, the jet flow flame propagation speed of the pre-combustion chamber body is increased, and efficient and stable ignition of the pre-combustion chamber structure is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a pre-combustion chamber structure, an engine and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] The pre-chamber combustion system forms a rich mixture suitable for ignition in the pre-chamber, which is ignited by the spark plug to form high-temperature combustion gas. The high-temperature combustion gas is injected into the main combustion chamber through the channel, igniting the lean mixture in the main combustion chamber to achieve stratified combustion, which can effectively increase the flame propagation speed, reduce engine emissions and improve engine efficiency.

[0003] For engines using active pre-chamber ignition technology, ensuring stable pre-chamber jet ignition energy throughout each cycle is crucial to engine performance, and regulating the uniformity of the pre-chamber mixture is key to achieving stable ignition and flame propagation. During the engine's compression stroke, fresh air in the main combustion chamber enters a small area through the pre-chamber channel, where airflow accelerates into the pre-chamber. However, the current pre-chamber channel has high flow resistance, which easily forms a backflow area on one side of its wall, hindering the entry of fresh air into the pre-chamber. During the engine's expansion stroke, the bottom pit structure easily forms a flow dead zone. After the spark plug is ignited, the mixture instantly ignites and burns rapidly, causing the high-temperature, high-pressure gas to expand rapidly. The bottom pit creates significant resistance to the high-temperature flame in the middle, hindering the flame from passing through the pre-chamber channel into the main combustion chamber.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a pre-combustion chamber structure, an engine and a vehicle to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a pre-combustion chamber structure is provided, which reduces the flow resistance of fresh air entering the pre-combustion chamber, enhances the turbulent kinetic energy of the pre-combustion chamber body, strengthens the tumble flow within the pre-combustion chamber body, and increases the jet flame propagation speed of the pre-combustion chamber body.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The pre-combustion chamber structure includes:

[0008] The pre-combustion chamber body includes an injection part, a connecting part and a mixing part which are connected in sequence, the injection part has a accommodating cavity, a protrusion is provided at the bottom of the accommodating cavity, the injection part is provided with a spray hole, a side wall of the spray hole adjacent to the protrusion is smoothly connected to the protrusion, and the other side wall of the spray hole adjacent to the connecting part is smoothly connected to the inner side wall of the connecting part.

[0009] Preferably, the protrusion is configured as a spherical cap structure.

[0010] Preferably, there are a plurality of the spray holes, and along the circumferential direction of the protrusion, the plurality of the spray holes are spaced apart on the outer peripheral edge of the protrusion.

[0011] Preferably, the spray hole is adjacent to the other side wall of the communicating portion and is tangent to the inner side wall of the communicating portion.

[0012] Preferably, the communicating portion includes a first opening, the first opening is connected to the accommodating cavity, and a cross-flow area of ​​the first opening gradually decreases along the air intake direction of the pre-combustion chamber body.

[0013] Preferably, the mixing portion has a mixing chamber, and the mixing chamber has a guide surface on a side away from the connecting portion. The guide surface is a frustum structure, and along the air inlet direction of the connecting portion, the guide surface is tilted inward relative to the central axis of the mixing portion.

[0014] Preferably, the connecting portion further comprises a second opening, the second opening being connected to the mixing chamber, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening gradually increases along the air intake direction of the pre-combustion chamber body. Preferably, the inner sidewall of the connecting portion is smoothly transitioned to the inner sidewall of the mixing portion.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, an engine is provided, comprising an engine body and the above-mentioned pre-combustion chamber structure, wherein the engine body has a main combustion chamber, and the main combustion chamber is connected to the pre-combustion chamber structure through the injection hole.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, comprising a vehicle body and the above-mentioned engine, wherein the engine is arranged in the vehicle body.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0018] The pre-combustion chamber structure provided by the present invention includes a pre-combustion chamber body, which includes an injection portion, a connecting portion, and a mixing portion that are sequentially connected. The injection portion has a receiving cavity, a protrusion is provided at the bottom of the receiving cavity, and the injection portion is provided with a spray hole. The side wall of the spray hole adjacent to the protrusion is smoothly connected to the protrusion, and the other side wall of the spray hole adjacent to the connecting portion is smoothly connected to the inner side wall of the connecting portion. When the engine is in the compression stroke, the side wall of the spray hole is smoothly connected to the protrusion and the inner side wall of the connecting portion, reducing the flow resistance of fresh air entering the pre-combustion chamber body, increasing the movement speed of the airflow, and thus enhancing the turbulent kinetic energy of the pre-combustion chamber body. When the engine is in the expansion stroke, under the action of the protrusion, the rapidly expanding high-temperature flame reduces energy loss after impact and enters the spray hole more quickly, thereby increasing the energy of the ejected jet, strengthening the tumble flow within the pre-combustion chamber body, and ultimately increasing the jet flame propagation speed of the pre-combustion chamber body, achieving efficient and stable ignition of the pre-combustion chamber structure.

[0019] This embodiment also provides an engine, comprising an engine body and a pre-combustion chamber structure. The engine body has a main combustion chamber, which is connected to the pre-combustion chamber structure via a nozzle. When the engine is in a compression stroke, fresh air in the main combustion chamber enters the accommodating cavity through the nozzle. The inner sidewall of the nozzle smoothly transitions with the inner sidewalls of the protrusion and the connecting portion, reducing the flow resistance of the fresh air into the pre-combustion chamber body, increasing the airflow velocity, and thereby enhancing the turbulent kinetic energy of the pre-combustion chamber body. The fresh air enters the mixing section through the connecting portion, where it forms a uniform mixture with the fuel injected by the injector. When the engine is in an expansion stroke, the spark plug ignites the mixture, which instantly ignites and burns rapidly. The rapidly expanding high-temperature flame impacts the protrusion, reducing energy loss and entering the nozzle more quickly, thereby increasing the energy of the ejected jet, strengthening the tumble flow within the pre-combustion chamber body, and ultimately increasing the jet flame propagation velocity in the pre-combustion chamber body, achieving efficient and stable ignition of the engine.

[0020] This embodiment also provides a vehicle comprising a vehicle body and an engine, wherein the engine is mounted within the vehicle body. Specifically, when the engine is in the compression stroke, the pre-combustion effect of the engine reduces the flow resistance of fresh air entering the pre-combustion chamber structure, increases the velocity of the airflow, and thereby enhances the engine's turbulent kinetic energy. When the engine is in the expansion stroke, the spark plug ignites the air-fuel mixture, which instantly ignites and burns rapidly. The rapidly expanding, high-temperature flame impacts the protrusion, reducing energy loss and allowing it to enter the nozzle more quickly, thereby increasing the energy of the ejected jet and strengthening the engine's tumble flow. Ultimately, this increases the jet flame propagation velocity within the pre-combustion chamber, achieving efficient and stable ignition of the engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the pre-combustion chamber structure provided in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0022] Reference numerals:

[0023] 1. Spraying part; 11. Accommodating chamber; 12. Spray hole;

[0024] 2. Connecting portion; 21. First opening; 22. Second opening;

[0025] 3. Mixing section; 31. Mixing chamber; 32. Guide surface;

[0026] 4. Bump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings only illustrate portions relevant to the present invention, not all of its components.

[0028] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0029] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0030] In the description of this embodiment, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used to refer to positions or locations based on the positions or locations shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are intended solely to facilitate description and simplify operation, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used solely for descriptive purposes and have no special meaning.

[0031] like Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, the pre-combustion chamber structure includes a pre-combustion chamber body, wherein the pre-combustion chamber body includes an injection portion 1, a connecting portion 2, and a mixing portion 3 that are sequentially connected. The injection portion 1 has a receiving cavity 11, and a protrusion 4 is provided at the bottom of the receiving cavity 11. The injection portion 1 is provided with a spray hole 12. The side wall of the spray hole 12 adjacent to the protrusion 4 is smoothly connected to the protrusion 4, and the other side wall of the spray hole 12 adjacent to the connecting portion 2 is smoothly connected to the inner side wall of the connecting portion 2. Specifically, when the engine is in the compression stroke, the injection portion 1 is used to allow fresh air in the main combustion chamber to enter the receiving cavity 11 through the spray hole 12. Then, the fresh air enters the mixing portion 3 through the connecting portion 2 and forms a uniform mixed gas with the fuel injected by the injector in the mixing portion 3. When the engine is in the expansion stroke, the spark plug ignites the uniform mixture within the mixing section 3, causing the mixture to instantly ignite and burn rapidly. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas rapidly expands, and the jet flame enters the accommodating chamber 11 of the injection section 1 through the connecting section 2. The injection section 1 is used to spray the jet flame within the accommodating chamber 11 into the main combustion chamber through the nozzle hole 12. During the engine's compression stroke, one side wall and the other side wall of the nozzle hole 12 smoothly transition to the protrusion 4 and the inner side wall of the connecting section 2, respectively, reducing the flow resistance of fresh air entering the pre-combustion chamber body, increasing the speed of the airflow, and thus enhancing the turbulent kinetic energy of the pre-combustion chamber body. During the engine's expansion stroke, under the action of the protrusion 4, the rapidly expanding high-temperature flame reduces energy loss after impact, allowing it to enter the nozzle hole 12 more quickly, thereby increasing the energy of the ejected jet, strengthening the tumble flow within the pre-combustion chamber body, and ultimately increasing the jet flame propagation speed of the pre-combustion chamber body, achieving efficient and stable ignition of the pre-combustion chamber structure.

[0032] Further, continue to refer to Figure 1 The protrusion 4 is configured as a spherical cap structure. Specifically, the protrusion 4 is a hemispherical or nearly hemispherical top cover composed of multiple curved surfaces. Compared with the bottom pit of the conventional injection portion 1, during the expansion phase of the engine, under the action of the protrusion 4, the rapidly expanding high-temperature flame reduces energy loss after impact and enters the nozzle hole 12 more quickly, thereby increasing the energy of the ejected jet, strengthening the tumble flow within the pre-combustion chamber body, and increasing the jet flame propagation speed of the pre-combustion chamber body.

[0033] Further, continue to refer to Figure 1There are multiple nozzle holes 12, and along the circumferential direction of the protrusion 4, multiple nozzle holes 12 are spaced apart on the outer peripheral edge of the protrusion 4. Specifically, when the engine is in the compression stroke, the fresh air in the main combustion chamber enters the accommodating cavity 11 through the multiple nozzle holes 12. The nozzle holes 12 are arranged tangentially to the inner wall of the connecting portion 2, close to the other side wall of the connecting portion 2, so that the fresh air generates tangential motion in the channel from the nozzle holes 12 to the connecting portion 2 under the guiding action, reducing the flow resistance of the fresh air entering the pre-combustion chamber body, avoiding the formation of a backflow area, and facilitating the smooth entry of the fresh air into the pre-combustion chamber body. When the engine is in the expansion stroke, after the spark plug is ignited, the mixture ignites instantly and burns rapidly. The energy loss of the rapidly expanding high-temperature flame is reduced after hitting the protrusion 4, and the jet flame is ejected more quickly through the multiple nozzle holes 12, thereby increasing the energy of the ejected jet and the propagation speed of the jet flame.

[0034] Further, continue to refer to Figure 1 The mixing section 3 has a mixing chamber 31. The side of the mixing chamber 31 away from the connecting section 2 has a guide surface 32. The guide surface 32 has a truncated cone structure and is tilted inward relative to the central axis of the mixing section 3 along the air intake direction of the connecting section 2. Specifically, the inner sidewall of the connecting section 2 and the inner sidewall of the mixing section 3 are smoothly connected. Under the guidance of the roof structure formed in the mixing chamber 31, the guide surface 32 causes the fresh air to form a large tumble flow, avoids flow dead zones and exhaust gas and fuel accumulation, increases the exhaust gas cleaning force near the spark plug, accelerates the formation of a uniform mixture of fresh air and fuel, and thus improves the stability of spark ignition. In addition, the increase in turbulent kinetic energy in the pre-combustion chamber is conducive to the propagation of high-temperature flames after the mixture is ignited.

[0035] Further, continue to refer to Figure 1 The connecting portion 2 includes a first opening 21 and a second opening 22. The first opening 21 is connected to the accommodating chamber 11, and the second opening 22 is connected to the mixing chamber 31. Along the air intake direction of the pre-combustion chamber body, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first opening 21 gradually decreases, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening 22 gradually increases. Specifically, the first opening 21 of the connecting portion 2 has a trumpet-shaped tapered structure. The first opening 21 reduces the flow resistance of the fresh air and increases the airflow speed, thereby enhancing the turbulent kinetic energy of the pre-combustion chamber body. The second opening 22 of the connecting portion 2 has a trumpet-shaped expanding structure. The fresh air in the accommodating chamber 11 quickly enters the mixing portion 3 through the second opening 22, further increasing the airflow speed.

[0036] This embodiment further provides an engine, including an engine body and a pre-combustion chamber structure. The engine body has a main combustion chamber, which is connected to the pre-combustion chamber structure via a nozzle 21. Specifically, the engine body includes a cylinder block, a cylinder head, and a piston. The cylinder block has a plurality of cylinder holes for mounting the piston and valve mechanism to form a main combustion chamber. The piston reciprocates within the cylinder block, converting the pressure generated by combustion into mechanical motion. The cylinder head is located above the cylinder block and forms a closed main combustion chamber with the cylinder block. The pre-combustion chamber structure is disposed on the cylinder head and above the main combustion chamber. The fuel and air are mixed, pre-compressed, and a high-temperature, high-pressure combustible mixture is formed for pre-combustion. When the engine is in the compression stroke, fresh air in the main combustion chamber enters the accommodating cavity 11 through the nozzle hole 12. The inner side wall of the nozzle hole 12 smoothly transitions to the inner side wall of the protrusion 4 and the connecting portion 2, reducing the flow resistance of the fresh air entering the pre-combustion chamber body, increasing the movement speed of the airflow, and thus enhancing the turbulent kinetic energy of the pre-combustion chamber body. The fresh air enters the mixing section 3 through the connecting portion 2 and forms a uniform mixture with the fuel injected by the injector in the mixing section 3. When the engine is in the expansion stroke, after the spark plug ignites the mixture, the mixture instantly ignites and burns rapidly. The rapidly expanding high-temperature flame has less energy loss after hitting the protrusion 4, and enters the nozzle hole 12 more quickly, thereby increasing the energy of the ejected jet, strengthening the tumble flow in the pre-combustion chamber body, and ultimately increasing the jet flame propagation speed of the pre-combustion chamber body, achieving efficient and stable ignition of the engine.

[0037] This embodiment also provides a vehicle, comprising a vehicle body and an engine, wherein the engine is disposed within the vehicle body. Specifically, when the engine is in a compression stroke, the pre-combustion action of the engine reduces the flow resistance of fresh air entering the pre-combustion chamber structure, increases the velocity of the airflow, and thereby enhances the engine's turbulent kinetic energy. When the engine is in an expansion stroke, the spark plug ignites the air-fuel mixture, which instantly ignites and burns rapidly. The rapidly expanding, high-temperature flame impacts the protrusion 4, reducing energy loss and allowing it to more quickly enter the nozzle hole 12, thereby increasing the energy of the ejected jet and strengthening the engine's tumble flow. Ultimately, this increases the jet flame propagation velocity within the pre-combustion chamber, achieving efficient and stable ignition of the engine.

[0038] Obviously, the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for the purpose of clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the manner in which the present invention is to be implemented. A person skilled in the art would be able to make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Pre-combustion chamber structure, characterized in that, include: A pre-combustion chamber body, the pre-combustion chamber body comprising an injection portion (1), a connecting portion (2) and a mixing portion (3) which are sequentially connected to each other, the injection portion (1) having a receiving cavity (11), a protrusion (4) being provided at the bottom of the receiving cavity (11), the injection portion (1) having a spray hole (12), a side wall of the spray hole (12) adjacent to the protrusion (4) being smoothly transitioned to the protrusion (4), and another side wall of the spray hole (12) adjacent to the connecting portion (2) being smoothly transitioned to the inner side wall of the connecting portion (2).

2. The pre-combustion chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protrusion (4) is configured as a spherical cap structure.

3. The pre-combustion chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple spray holes (12), and along the circumferential direction of the protrusion (4), the multiple spray holes (12) are arranged at intervals on the outer peripheral edge of the protrusion (4).

4. The pre-combustion chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray hole (12) is adjacent to the other side wall of the connecting portion (2) and is arranged tangentially to the inner side wall of the connecting portion (2).

5. The pre-combustion chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communicating portion (2) comprises a first opening (21), the first opening (21) being connected to the accommodating cavity (11), and the intercepting area of ​​the first opening (21) gradually decreases along the air intake direction of the pre-combustion chamber body.

6. The pre-combustion chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing portion (3) has a mixing chamber (31), and a guide surface (32) is provided on a side of the mixing chamber (31) away from the connecting portion (2). The guide surface (32) is a frustum structure, and along the air intake direction of the connecting portion (2), the guide surface (32) is tilted inward relative to the central axis of the mixing portion (3).

7. The pre-combustion chamber structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The communicating portion (2) further comprises a second opening (22), the second opening (22) being connected to the mixing chamber (31), and the cross-flow area of ​​the second opening (22) gradually increases along the air intake direction of the pre-combustion chamber body.

8. The pre-combustion chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side wall of the communicating portion (2) and the inner side wall of the mixing portion (3) are smoothly transitionally connected.

9. An engine, characterized in that The invention comprises an engine body and a pre-combustion chamber structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the engine body has a main combustion chamber, and the main combustion chamber is connected to the pre-combustion chamber structure through the injection hole (12).

10. A vehicle, characterized in that The vehicle comprises a vehicle body and the engine according to claim 9, wherein the engine is provided in the vehicle body.

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