Unit-width all-directional automatic sand accumulation instrument

Abstract

The utility model provides a unit width omnibearing automatic sand accumulation instrument, including sand accumulation device and measuring device, the sand accumulation device includes sand accumulation box and rotating shaft subassembly, the rotating shaft subassembly includes external rotating shaft and central fixed shaft, external rotating shaft rotatablely sleeve on the central fixed shaft, sand accumulation box is provided on external rotating shaft, measuring device is provided on the measuring device, and the measuring device is provided on the measuring device. The measuring device comprises a measuring barrel and a weighing device located in the measuring barrel, a bottom plate of the sand accumulating box is provided with a downward protruding part, the protruding part penetrates through a top cover of the measuring barrel and can pivot relative to the top cover, the center fixing shaft penetrates through the protruding part, and the lower end of the center fixing shaft is connected with the top cover. A flow channel communicated with the inside of the sand accumulation box and the inside of the measuring barrel is arranged in the protruding part, and the weighing device is arranged below the flow channel. The utility model solves the problems of small sand accumulation box capacity and short effective working time of the existing automatic sand accumulation instrument, can synchronously collect the single width sand transport rate and the particle number at high frequency, and has the advantages of full automation, high weather resistance and high precision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of observation equipment, in particular to a unit width omnidirectional automatic sand accumulation meter. Background Art

[0002] The sediment transport rate is the mass (g) of flowing sand per unit area (cm2) perpendicular to the wind direction per unit time (s). It is one of the most important parameters for measuring the intensity characteristics of wind-blown sand flow and occupies an important position in the field of wind-blown sand physics research.

[0003] Currently, there are many types of field sand meters used to collect sediment load. In terms of the direction of sand collection, there are fixed field sand meters with 1, 4, 8, 16, and 24-position measurements, as well as truly omnidirectional sand meters that can rotate using a bearing and wind deflector system. In terms of collection height, there are single-height, full-height (0.8-1.2m), and gradient sand meters with multiple heights. In terms of data collection methods, there are regular manual collection and weighing of sediment loads, while others automatically record sediment loads using electronic scales and data loggers. Although the use of these previous devices has revealed the different characteristics of sand transport processes in the field under different underlying surfaces and wind conditions, these sand meters still have certain limitations. Generally speaking, the amount of sediment that can be automatically collected is too small, and those capable of multi-gradient and omnidirectional measurements cannot be automatically collected.

[0004] First, for the non-rotating sand accumulation meter with fixed opening direction. For example, the most advanced all-round single-height self-recording sand accumulation meter currently in use is typically represented by the fourth-generation CWHF fully automatic sand accumulation meter produced by Huayirui Company. This sand accumulation meter uses a fixed four-directional opening to collect sand particles blown in from all directions and records the data by weighing on an electronic scale. However, there are inevitably four columns at the opening, which block the sand blowing in from these four directions. In addition, some sand particles may pass directly through the sand accumulation mouth and cannot fall into the sand accumulation box, resulting in the data being smaller than the actual value. It is not a fully all-round sand accumulation meter; in addition, since most of the wind and sand transmission is concentrated within a height of 20 cm near the ground, this range is the key area for sand transport monitoring. However, due to the small size of the sand accumulation meter, the maximum sand accumulation capacity is less than 300 grams. In field observations in the Kumtag Desert in Dunhuang, we found that the sand transport intensity at a height of 10 cm can reach 2 kg / cm -2 d -1 Therefore, under strong sand transport conditions, this type of sand accumulation meter will fill up with sand and become ineffective within a few hours or even minutes. It is particularly not weather-resistant and practical when monitoring the amount of sand transported near the surface. This has limited research on the movement of wind-blown sand in strong sand transport environments.

[0005] Another example is a multi-gradient, multi-directional wind-blown sand measurement device. Each device has fixed openings in multiple directions, collecting sand at three height levels. Each height level is equipped with a fixed sand collection box with eight positions, for a total of 24 sand collection boxes. When deployed in the field, the device can be rotated 15 degrees to increase the number of positions to 16, and then rotated another 15 degrees to increase the number of positions to 24. To collect sand data in 24 positions at three height levels, three devices are required, with a total of 72 sand collection boxes. If automatic data collection and recording using electronic scales is to be achieved, 72 electronic scales and three independent power supplies and data acquisition devices are required, which is impossible in the field. Therefore, this multi-gradient, multi-directional wind-blown sand measurement device does not have an automatic data collection function and has only 24 opening positions at most, making it not a true all-round sand accumulation meter.

[0006] Secondly, regarding the truly omnidirectional sand collection device that utilizes a bearing and wind deflector system, which can rotate, a typical example is the multi-gradient sand material collection method in strong wind and sand areas. Although the structure includes a rotating bearing (equivalent to the external rotating shaft of this technical solution), a tail (equivalent to the guide blade of this technical solution) and a sand collection bucket, it has two serious defects.

[0007] First, the bearings are unprotected and easily allow sand to enter, resulting in rotation failure and invalid data. Since the inner and outer rings of the bearing are relatively rotating components with a gap, the gap between the inner and outer rings cannot be absolutely sealed while ensuring flexible rotation. Sand and dust will enter this gap with the airflow. In addition, due to the influence of salt mist crystallization, even if imported sealed bearings are used, the bearings will not rotate properly. The wind guide plates connected to them to control the direction will not be able to rotate flexibly with the wind, and then the sand accumulation port cannot face the direction of the incoming wind, resulting in erroneous sand accumulation data and unusable data. Therefore, the current all-round sand accumulation meters that use bearings and wind guide plates to achieve steering generally have no protection for the bearings, and the sand accumulation box, guide vanes and the outer wall of the bearing are directly connected. This structure makes it almost impossible to achieve sand and dust protection for the bearings. Therefore, in a strong sand transport environment, the normal use period generally does not exceed three months, and the bearing rotation will be blocked, resulting in erroneous sand accumulation data and unusable data.

[0008] Second, currently, these rotating gradient sand accumulation meters lack automatic data collection. The fundamental reason is that fixed equipment like data acquisition and power supplies cannot be connected to the continuously rotating sand collection and weighing boxes. To achieve automatic data collection, independent power supplies and data acquisition devices must be installed on the sand accumulation box at each height level, which is impractical in the field. The lack of automatic recording means that only cumulative sand load data at different heights can be collected over a specific time period. For example, if there are 10 height gradients, only 10 data points of sand load can be collected during the collection period. The detailed temporal characteristics and micro-timescale patterns of wind-blown sand transport are completely lost. The sand accumulation box of this sand accumulation meter is made of PVC pipe with a diameter of 160 mm, a height of 10 cm, and a volume of 2000 cm³. Therefore, the sand accumulation box has a relatively small capacity. Under a surface with extremely high sand transport, the sand accumulation meter can only maintain effective operation for a few days.

[0009] In addition, the existing patent "A full-range sand accumulation collection component, fully automatic sand accumulation instrument and its use method and application, 202110951565.8" states that one instrument can only collect full-range sand accumulation data at a single altitude; "A field full-range self-recording gradient sand accumulation instrument, ZL202022006942.4" can only collect full-range sand accumulation data at several different altitude layers. Therefore, neither of the above two sand accumulation instruments can realize the automatic collection of single-width total sand accumulation data and the number of sand particles within the full altitude range. For example, in the Gobi windy area or the surface of the dry lake basin, the height of the transition layer of wind-transported sand can reach more than 1m.

[0010] Wind erosion is a core area of ​​research in aeolian physics. Obtaining time-series data on field sediment transport is essential for studying the interplay between wind erosion and near-surface meteorological factors. For example, instantaneous sediment transport is related to factors such as wind speed, surface humidity, atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity. Therefore, to ensure more scientific and refined field observations of wind erosion and to capture the detailed characteristics of sediment transport, there is an urgent need for precise, automatic recording equipment capable of observing a full range of gradient sediment transport.

[0011] In summary, in order to solve the common problem of small sand accumulation capacity in existing all-round automatic sand accumulation meters, which requires frequent manual maintenance; and to prevent the influence of sand and salt mist crystallization on the bearings of existing sand accumulation meters, it is necessary to properly protect the bearings, ensure that the bearings can rotate flexibly for a long time, and always align the sand accumulation port with the direction of the wind. This is the key to reliable data collection of all-round sand accumulation meters. In addition, making the rotating and vibrating sand collection device independent of the weighing device to reduce data drift caused by airflow and vibration, and developing a single-width all-round automatic sand accumulation and particle counter to meet the observation needs of real-time data on total sand transport rate and particle number within the full height range in the field is a key technical problem that needs to be solved urgently and has great market application prospects. Utility Model Content

[0012] The main purpose of the utility model is to provide a unit width omnidirectional automatic sand accumulation meter to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0013] To achieve the purpose of the aforementioned utility model, one embodiment of the present utility model provides a unit width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter, including a sand accumulation device and a measuring device, the sand accumulation device including a sand accumulation box, a rotating shaft assembly, the rotating shaft assembly including an external rotating shaft and a central fixed shaft, the external rotating shaft being rotatably mounted on the central fixed shaft, the sand accumulation box being arranged on the external rotating shaft, the measuring device including a measuring barrel and a weighing device located in the measuring barrel, the bottom plate of the sand accumulation box having a downward protruding portion, the protruding portion being passed through the top cover of the measuring barrel and being pivotable relative to the top cover, the central fixed shaft being passed through the protruding portion and its lower end being connected to the top cover, a flow channel connecting the inside of the sand accumulation box and the inside of the measuring barrel being provided in the protruding portion, and the weighing device being arranged below the flow channel.

[0014] As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, the sand accumulation device also includes a guide plate, and a sand accumulation opening is provided on one side of the sand accumulation box, extending in an axial direction parallel to the central fixed axis. The guide plate is connected to the side of the sand accumulation box facing away from the sand accumulation opening and can move under the action of wind so that the sand accumulation opening is aligned with the direction of the incoming wind.

[0015] As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, the sand collection box includes side panels and a top panel, the side panels enclose a accommodating cavity of the sand collection box and provide the accommodating cavity with a lateral opening, the opening being set as the sand collection port, the top panel and the bottom panel being respectively arranged at the top and bottom of the accommodating cavity and connected to the side panels to form the sand collection box.

[0016] As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of partitions are provided inside the sand collection box, and the plurality of partitions are installed on the inner side of the side wall of the sand collection box at intervals along a direction parallel to the central fixed axis, and ventilation mesh windows are provided on the side wall of the sand collection box relative to the position where the partitions are installed.

[0017] As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present utility model, the protruding portion is configured as a circular tube coaxial with the central fixed axis, the length of the circular tube is 10-20 cm, the outer diameter is 50-60 mm, the width of the sand accumulation port is 3-20 mm, the measuring device is at least partially arranged below the ground surface, the sand accumulation box is arranged above the ground surface and the height of the bottom plate to the ground surface is 5-10 mm.

[0018] As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present utility model, the rotating shaft assembly further includes a first bearing and a second bearing arranged above and below, and a seal, the central fixed shaft passes through the inner holes of the first bearing and the second bearing, the outer side walls of the first bearing and the second bearing are connected to the inner side wall of the external rotating shaft, and the seal is provided in the external rotating shaft at a position above the first bearing and below the second bearing;

[0019] And / or, the external rotating shaft, the first bearing, the second bearing and the central fixed shaft are all coaxially arranged.

[0020] As a further improvement of one embodiment of the present invention, the central fixed shaft is a solid stainless steel rod with a length of 0.4-1.2m and a diameter of 10-15mm; the external rotating shaft is a stainless steel tube with a length of 0.5-1.4m, an inner diameter of 20-25mm, and an outer diameter of 30-40mm; the external rotating shaft is 10-20cm longer than the central fixed shaft.

[0021] As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, the measuring barrel includes a cylindrical outer barrel and an inner barrel coaxially arranged and opening upward, the weighing device is arranged in the inner barrel, the top cover is configured as a conical top cover that matches the upper edge of the outer barrel, the top cover is spaced apart from the inner barrel, and the protrusion is provided through the top cover from the apex of the conical top cover;

[0022] And / or, the central fixed shaft passes through the top cover, the lower end of the central fixed shaft is connected to a shaft base, and the shaft base is connected to the inner side of the side wall of the conical top cover through a connecting piece.

[0023] As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, the measuring device further comprises a plane movement sensor provided in the inner barrel, the plane movement sensor being provided between the outlet end and the weighing device at a predetermined inclination angle to the horizontal plane, and the plane movement sensor does not extend beyond the edges of the weighing device, and the predetermined inclination angle is an acute angle;

[0024] And / or, the acute angle is between 30-45°.

[0025] As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present utility model, the unit width omnidirectional automatic sand accumulation meter further includes a collection box, a data collection device, a remote communication device and a power supply, the data collection device and the remote communication device are both arranged in the data collection box, the weighing device and the plane movement sensor are both electrically connected to the collection device, the data collection device is electrically connected to the power supply, and the remote communication device is electrically connected to the collection device;

[0026] And / or, the power source is a power supply system composed of batteries and solar panels.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] The utility model's unit-width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter realizes high-frequency automatic collection of time series data on sand transport volume and particle number within the full height (1.5m) of the unit width, covering the height range of the wind-blown sand transition layer under most surface conditions. The sand accumulation capacity in the barrel of the measuring device is 30-200kg, which is hundreds of times that of the currently available all-round automatic sand accumulation meters. In an ultra-strong sand transport environment, the maintenance-free period is as long as 1 year. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a unit width all-round automatic sand accumulation instrument in one embodiment of the present utility model;

[0030] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the medium sand accumulation device;

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Left side view of the middle side panel unfolded;

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Right side view with the center side panel unfolded;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of a rotating shaft assembly in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of a unit width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0036] 1. Sand accumulation device; 11. Sand accumulation box; 111. Bottom plate; 1111. Protrusion; 1112. Outlet; 112. Side plate; 1121. Sand accumulation port; 1122. Ventilation mesh window; 1123. Stopper; 113. Top plate; 12. Rotating shaft assembly; 121. External rotating shaft; 122. Central fixed shaft; 1221. Shaft base; 123. First bearing; 124. Second bearing; 125. Seal; 1221. Shaft base; 13. Guide plate; 14. Partition;

[0037] 2. Measuring device; 21. Measuring barrel; 211. Top cover; 212. Outer barrel; 213. Inner barrel; 22. Weighing device; 23. Planar motion sensor; 24. Shaft base connector; 25. Planar motion sensor connector; 3. Collection box; 4. Data collection device; 5. Remote communication device; 6. Power supply. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, these embodiments do not limit the present invention, and any structural, methodological, or functional modifications made by a person skilled in the art based on these embodiments are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] If the present invention involves directions (e.g., up, down, left, right, front, back, outside, inside, etc.), the directions involved need to be defined. For example, "To clearly express the positions and directions described in this invention, the end closest to the operator is the proximal end, and the end away from the operator is the distal end." Alternatively, the paper surface or the depth direction of the refrigerator can be used as a reference. Of course, if the positional relationship between the two is defined by mutual reference in the subsequent description, this definition is not required.

[0040] In order to solve the problem that the sand accumulation box of the prior art sand accumulation meter has a small capacity and the effective working time of the sand accumulation meter is short on the underlying surface of a super-strong sand transport environment, the utility model provides a unit-width omnidirectional automatic sand accumulation meter.

[0041] like Figure 1-5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a unit width omnidirectional automatic sand accumulation meter, including a sand accumulation device 1 and a measuring device 2, the sand accumulation device 1 includes a sand accumulation box 11, a rotating shaft assembly 12, the rotating shaft assembly 12 includes an external rotating shaft 121, a central fixed shaft 122, the external rotating shaft 121 is rotatably sleeved on the central fixed shaft 122, the sand accumulation box 11 is set on the external rotating shaft 121, the measuring device 2 includes a measuring barrel 21 and a weighing device 22 located in the measuring barrel, the bottom plate 111 of the sand accumulation box 11 has The downward protrusion 1111 is preferably located at the lowest position on the bottom plate to facilitate the sand to gather here; the protrusion 1111 is passed through the top cover 211 of the measuring bucket 21 and can pivot relative to the top cover 211, the central fixed shaft 122 is passed through the protrusion 1111 and its lower end is connected to the top cover 211, and a flow channel connecting the sand accumulation box 11 and the measuring bucket 21 is provided in the protrusion 1111, and the weighing device 22 is provided below the outlet end 1112 of the flow channel located in the measuring bucket 21.

[0042] In the above arrangement, the central fixed shaft 122 is provided as a support member through the protruding portion 1111, and the lower end of the central fixed shaft 122 is connected to the top cover 211. The central fixed shaft 122 is used to support the external rotating shaft 121, and the external rotating shaft 121 can rotate relative to the central fixed shaft 122. When the sand collection box 11 is placed on the external rotating shaft 121, the sand collection box 11 can pivot relative to the central fixed shaft 122. It can be understood that during the process of the sand collection box 11 pivoting relative to the central fixed shaft 122, the protruding portion 1111 can also pivot relative to the central fixed shaft 122. The protruding portion 1111 passes through the top cover 211 of the measuring barrel 21 and can pivot relative to the top cover 211. When the sand in the sand accumulation box 11 is gathered into the flow channel in the protruding portion 1111 due to gravity, the sand can be loaded onto the weighing device 22 through the outlet end 1112. With this arrangement, the sand accumulation box 11 pivots according to the wind direction to adjust its direction and collect wind-blown sand. During the pivoting process, the collected wind-blown sand can be loaded into the measuring barrel. The internal sand accumulation capacity of the measuring barrel is usually set at 30-200kg, which is hundreds of times that of the currently available all-round automatic sand accumulation meter. On the underlying surface of a super-strong sand transport environment, a maintenance-free period of up to 1 year can be achieved, avoiding frequent manual maintenance.

[0043] Specifically, if Figure 2-3 As shown, the sand accumulation device 1 also includes a guide plate 13, and a sand accumulation port 1121 is provided on one side of the sand accumulation box 11 along an axial direction parallel to the central fixed axis 122. The guide plate 13 is connected to the side of the sand accumulation box 11 facing away from the sand accumulation port 1121 and can move under the action of wind so that the sand accumulation port 1121 is aligned with the incoming wind direction, thereby better collecting particles carried in the wind.

[0044] We refer to Figure 3 It can be seen that the sand collection box 11 generally includes side panels 112 and a top panel 113 in addition to the bottom panel 111 .

[0045] During the specific processing, the side panels 112 enclose the accommodating cavity of the sand collection box 11 and provide the accommodating cavity with a lateral opening, the opening being set as the sand collection opening 1121, the top panel 113 and the bottom panel 111 being respectively set at the top and bottom of the accommodating cavity and connected to the side panels 112 to form the sand collection box 11.

[0046] The top plate 113 and the bottom plate 111 are respectively disposed at the top and bottom of the accommodating chamber and connected to the side plates 112 to form the sand collection box 11. A limiter 1123 is disposed between the portions of the side plates 112 located on either side of the opening. The limiter 1123 can limit the size of the opening to prevent deformation of the opening during use, that is, to prevent deformation of the sand collection opening 1121 during use.

[0047] In this embodiment, reference Figure 3-4 As shown, a side plate 112 is provided, and the side plate 112 is bent to enclose the accommodating cavity. After the enclosing is completed, a predetermined distance is provided between the two sides of the side plate 112 to form the opening, which is set as the sand accumulation port 1121. It can be understood that the side plate 112 has a curved portion after being bent to enclose the accommodating cavity.

[0048] The top plate 113 and the bottom plate 111 are respectively disposed at the top and bottom of the accommodating cavity and connected to the side plates 112 to form the sand storage box 11 .

[0049] It should be noted that the cross-section of the accommodating cavity of the sand collection box 11 first increases and then decreases in a direction perpendicular to the sand collection opening 1121 and away from the sand collection opening 1121. This arrangement is more conducive to collecting sand particles, and when the guide plate 13 moves under the action of wind, it can better drive the sand collection box 11 to move so that the sand collection opening 1121 is aligned with the direction of the wind, thereby better collecting particles carried by the wind.

[0050] Optionally, the top plate 113 and the bottom plate 111 are welded to the side plates 112 to form the sand collection box 11. The sand collection box 11 is then sleeved onto the external rotating shaft 121 and welded to the external rotating shaft 121. The connection between the sand collection box 11 and the external rotating shaft 121 may also be made using other methods besides welding, which is not limited in this embodiment and can be configured as needed. Any solution that is the same or similar to that of this embodiment is encompassed within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0051] Optionally, the bottom plate 111 , the side plates 112 , and the top plate 113 may be made of stainless steel plates with a thickness of 1-2 mm.

[0052] Furthermore, a plurality of partitions 14 are provided inside the sand collection box, and the plurality of partitions 14 are installed at intervals on the inner side of the side wall of the sand collection box 11 along a direction parallel to the central fixed axis, and a ventilation mesh window 1122 is provided on the side wall of the sand collection box relative to the position where the partition 14 is installed.

[0053] It should be noted that the partitions 14 are arranged at intervals in the sand accumulation box 11 so that sand blown in from the sand accumulation port 1121 is blocked by the partitions 14 and then reflected downward and falls into the outlet end 1112 of the protruding portion 1111 .

[0054] The provision of the ventilation mesh window 1122 can facilitate airflow discharge, allowing sand to better enter the sand storage box from the sand storage opening 1121 .

[0055] The partition 14 has a first side proximal to the sand accumulation opening 1121 and a second side distal to the opening. The partition is tilted so that the second side is lower than the first side. This arrangement prevents sand entering through the sand accumulation opening 1121 from hitting the curved portion of the side panel 112 and bouncing out of the sand collection box. The second side is designed to avoid contact with the curved portion of the side panel 112, ensuring that any sand that hits the partition 14 slides down the second side to the outlet 1112 of the protruding portion 1111.

[0056] It should be noted that, in the present invention, the length of the sand accumulation box 11 in the axial direction of the central fixed axis 122 is fixed, generally between 0.5-2m. The unit width in the present invention refers to the width of the sand accumulation opening 1121 perpendicular to the axial direction of the central fixed axis 122.

[0057] In some embodiments, the protrusion 1111 is configured as a circular tube coaxial with the central fixed axis 122. The length of the circular tube is 10-20 cm, the outer diameter is 50-60 mm, and the width of the sand accumulation opening 1121 is 3-20 mm. In areas with abundant sand sources and high wind and sand flow intensity, the width of the sand accumulation opening 1121 is set to be smaller; otherwise, the width is set to be relatively larger.

[0058] As a preferred embodiment, the sand accumulation opening 1121 may be provided with a hole on the side panel that cooperates with a movable baffle, and the width of the sand accumulation opening 1121 may be adjusted by moving the movable baffle.

[0059] In actual use, the measuring device 2 is at least partially disposed below the ground surface, and preferably, the height of the top cover 211 above the ground surface is between 5 and 10 mm. This arrangement ensures the stability of the all-round automatic sand accumulation meter during use.

[0060] Furthermore, the sand collection box 11 is arranged above the ground surface and the height of the bottom plate 111 to the ground surface is 5-10 mm. Such arrangement can ensure that the sand collection box 11 does not interfere with the ground surface during the pivoting process.

[0061] In other embodiments, reference Figure 5-6The rotating shaft assembly 12 also includes a first bearing 123 and a second bearing 124, and a seal 125, which are arranged up and down. The central fixed shaft 122 is passed through the inner holes of the first bearing 123 and the second shaft 124. The outer side walls of the first bearing 123 and the second bearing 124 are connected to the inner side wall of the external rotating shaft 121. It can be understood that the inner side walls of the first bearing 123 and the second bearing 124 are fixedly connected to the central fixed shaft 122, and the outer side walls are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the external rotating shaft 121, so that the central fixed shaft 122 can support the external rotating shaft 121, and the two bearings can ensure that the external rotating shaft 121 can pivot relative to the central fixed shaft 122.

[0062] Furthermore, the seal 125 is installed within the external rotating shaft 121, above the first bearing 123 and below the second bearing 124. This arrangement effectively prevents sand from entering the first and second bearings 123, 124. This minimizes sand intrusion into the bearings, ensuring proper instrument operation and extending its field service life. Optionally, the seal 125 is configured as a rubber sealing plug or a rubber sealing ring, which fits over the central fixed shaft 122 and contacts both the central fixed shaft 122 and the external rotating shaft 121, providing a sealing effect.

[0063] Furthermore, the central fixed shaft 122 is configured as a solid stainless steel rod with a length of 0.4-1.2 m and a diameter of 10-15 mm. The external rotating shaft 121 can be configured as a stainless steel tube with a length of 0.5-1.4 m, an inner diameter of 20-25 mm, and an outer diameter of 30-40 mm. The external rotating shaft 121 is generally 10-20 cm longer than the central fixed shaft 122. In this configuration, the lower end of the central fixed shaft 122 can protrude beyond the lower edge of the external rotating shaft 121, thereby enabling connection to the top cover 211.

[0064] Preferably, the outer rotating shaft 121, the first bearing 123, the second bearing 124 and the central fixed shaft 122 are all coaxially arranged. In this arrangement, the bearings are protected by the outer rotating shaft and are not easily damaged by sand ingress, and the sand storage box 11 can be pivoted with less effort and maintain normal operation for a long time.

[0065] In the preferred embodiment of this embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the measuring barrel 21 includes a cylindrical outer barrel 212 and an inner barrel 213 that are coaxially arranged and open upward. The weigher 22 is arranged in the inner barrel 213. The top cover 211 is arranged as a conical top cover that matches the upper edge of the outer barrel 212. The top cover 211 is spaced apart from the inner barrel 213, and the protrusion is passed through the top cover from the apex of the conical top cover.

[0066] With this arrangement, the top cover 211 does not contact the inner barrel 213. Therefore, the sand accumulation device 1 and the weighing device 22 have no influence on each other, avoiding the interference of airflow and vibration on the weighing device 22, significantly suppressing the occurrence of data drift, and improving data accuracy.

[0067] In this embodiment, the weighing device 22 is configured to collect data of an electronic scale at a frequency of 1-100 Hz, an accuracy of 0.01-0.1 g, and a data drift value of less than 0.3 g.

[0068] Optionally, the outer barrel 212 has an inner diameter of 40-60 cm and a height of 60-100 cm, while the inner barrel 213 has an inner diameter of 38-58 cm and a depth of 55-95 cm. The inner barrel 213 has a sand storage capacity of 30-200 kg. The depth of the inner barrel 213 is lower than that of the outer barrel 212, so that the top cover 211 does not contact the inner barrel 213 when it is placed on the outer barrel 212. The larger sand storage capacity of the inner barrel ensures sufficient effective working time.

[0069] Preferably, the central fixed shaft 122 passes through the top cover 211. The lower end of the central fixed shaft 122 is connected to a shaft base 1221. The shaft base 1221 is connected to the inner side of the conical top cover 122 via a connector. Specifically, the bottom end of the central fixed shaft 122 passes through the top cover 211 and is inserted into the shaft base 1221. The shaft base is welded to the inner side wall of the conical top cover 211 via four connectors 24.

[0070] It should be noted that the central fixed shaft 1221 and the base 1221 can be movably connected or fixedly connected, which can be set as needed. Any solution that is the same or similar to this embodiment is included in the protection scope of this utility model.

[0071] Preferably, the central fixed shaft 122 and the base 1221 can be movably connected to facilitate separation of the sand accumulation device 1 and the measuring device 2 during installation and disassembly.

[0072] Furthermore, the measuring device 2 also includes a plane motion sensor 23 disposed in the inner barrel 213. The plane motion sensor 23 is arranged between the outlet end 1112 and the weighing device 22 at a predetermined inclination angle to the horizontal plane, and the plane motion sensor 23 does not extend beyond the four edges of the weighing device 22. The predetermined inclination angle is an acute angle. With this arrangement, sand flowing out of the outlet end 1112 can fall on the plane motion sensor 23 and then slide onto the weighing device 22 below. The plane motion sensor 23 can measure the number of sand grains falling from the outlet end 1112. This arrangement enables the sand accumulation meter to measure the total number of particles within a unit width, which is something that previous sand accumulation meters could not achieve.

[0073] The planar motion sensor 23 is connected to the side wall of the inner barrel 213 or the inner side of the conical top cover 211 through a connecting piece 25 .

[0074] Preferably, the acute angle is between 30° and 45°.

[0075] It should be noted that the plane movement sensor 23 may be a plane wind erosion sensor. For example, the data acquisition frequency of the Campbell plane wind erosion sensor of the United States is 1-10 Hz and the accuracy is 1-5.

[0076] Furthermore, the unit width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter also includes a collection box 3, a data collection device 4, a remote communication device 5 and a power supply 6. The data collection device 4 and the remote communication device 5 are both arranged in the data collection box 3, the weighing device 22 and the plane movement sensor 23 are both electrically connected to the collection device 4, the data collection device 4 is electrically connected to the power supply 6, and the remote communication device 5 is electrically connected to the collection device 4; the remote communication device can be set to a terminal such as a scale pad and a smart phone to facilitate users to check parameters in time.

[0077] Preferably, the power source is a power supply system consisting of batteries and solar panels.

[0078] In summary, the unit width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter provided by the utility model brings the following technical effects:

[0079] (1) The unit-width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter of the present invention realizes high-frequency automatic collection of time series data of sand transport within the full height range (1.5m) of the unit width, covering the height range of the wind-sand saltation layer under most surface conditions. The sand accumulation capacity in the barrel of the measuring device is 30-200kg, which is hundreds of times that of the existing all-round automatic sand accumulation meters. In a super-strong sand transport environment, the maintenance-free period is as long as 1 year, while the general all-round automatic sand accumulation meter can only maintain an effective working time of a few days.

[0080] (2) The utility model's unit-width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter also realizes high-frequency automatic collection of time series data on the number of particles within the full height range (1.5m) of the unit width, covering the height range of the wind-blown sand transition layer under most surface conditions. The function of measuring the number of particles in the sand-carrying wind within the unit width is not currently available in other sand accumulation meters.

[0081] (3) The unit-width all-round automatic sand accumulation instrument of the present invention has the bearing and the central fixed shaft coaxially sleeved inside the external rotating shaft and sealed by a seal, which suppresses sand from entering the bearing to the greatest extent, ensures the normal operation of the instrument, and extends the field service life;

[0082] (4) The utility model is a unit-width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter. The shaft base at the lowest end of the shaft assembly is welded and fixed to the inner wall of the conical cover of the weighing and counting assembly. The conical cover is buckled on the upper edge of the outer barrel and does not contact the inner barrel. Therefore, the sand accumulation device and the weighing and counting assembly have no influence on each other, avoiding the interference of airflow and vibration on the electronic scale, significantly suppressing the occurrence of data drift, improving data accuracy, and having the advantages of full automation, high weather resistance, and high precision.

[0083] (5) The utility model is a unit-width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter, in which the central fixed axis is solid round steel, and its structure is stable, which can effectively avoid the slight shaking of the single-width sand accumulation box under the action of wind, and reduce the impact on the weighing system. It should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This description is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard this specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each implementation method can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0084] The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions of feasible implementation methods of the present invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent implementation methods or changes that do not deviate from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A unit width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter, characterized in that: It includes a sand accumulation device and a measuring device, the sand accumulation device includes a sand accumulation box, a rotating shaft assembly, the rotating shaft assembly includes an external rotating shaft and a central fixed shaft, the external rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the central fixed shaft, the sand accumulation box is arranged on the external rotating shaft, the measuring device includes a measuring barrel and a weighing device located in the measuring barrel, the bottom plate of the sand accumulation box has a downward protrusion, the protrusion is passed through the top cover of the measuring barrel and can pivot relative to the top cover, the central fixed shaft is passed through the protrusion and its lower end is connected to the top cover, a flow channel connecting the sand accumulation box and the measuring barrel is provided in the protrusion, and the weighing device is arranged below the flow channel.

2. The unit width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sand accumulation device also includes a guide plate, and a sand accumulation opening is provided on one side of the sand accumulation box extending in an axial direction parallel to the central fixed axis. The guide plate is connected to the side of the sand accumulation box facing away from the sand accumulation opening and can move under the action of wind so that the sand accumulation opening is aligned with the incoming wind direction.

3. The unit width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sand collection box includes side panels and a top panel. The side panels enclose a storage cavity of the sand collection box and provide the storage cavity with a lateral opening. The opening is provided as the sand collection port. The top panel and the bottom panel are respectively provided at the top and bottom of the storage cavity and connected to the side panels to form the sand collection box.

4. The unit width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of partitions are provided inside the sand collection box, and the plurality of partitions are arranged at intervals on the inner side of the side wall of the sand collection box in a direction parallel to the central fixed axis. Ventilation mesh windows are provided on the side wall of the sand collection box relative to the position where the partitions are installed.

5. The unit width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The protruding portion is configured as a circular tube coaxial with the central fixed axis, the length of the circular tube is 10-20 cm, the outer diameter is 50-60 mm, the width of the sand accumulation port is 3-20 mm, the measuring device is at least partially arranged below the ground surface, the sand accumulation box is arranged above the ground surface and the height of the bottom plate to the ground surface is 5-10 mm.

6. The unit width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft assembly further includes a first bearing and a second bearing disposed vertically, and a seal. The central fixed shaft passes through the inner holes of the first bearing and the second bearing. The outer side walls of the first bearing and the second bearing are connected to the inner side wall of the external rotating shaft. The seal is disposed above the first bearing and below the second bearing in the external rotating shaft. And / or, the external rotating shaft, the first bearing, the second bearing and the central fixed shaft are all coaxially arranged.

7. The unit width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter according to claim 6, characterized in that: The central fixed shaft is a solid stainless steel rod with a length of 0.4-1.2m and a diameter of 10-15mm. The external rotating shaft is a stainless steel tube with a length of 0.5-1.4m, an inner diameter of 20-25mm and an outer diameter of 30-40mm. The external rotating shaft is 10-20cm longer than the central fixed shaft.

8. The unit width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring barrel comprises a cylindrical outer barrel and an inner barrel coaxially arranged and opening upward, the weighing device is arranged in the inner barrel, the top cover is configured as a conical top cover that matches the upper edge of the outer barrel, the top cover is spaced apart from the inner barrel, and the protrusion is provided through the top cover from the apex of the conical top cover; And / or, the central fixed shaft passes through the top cover, and the lower end of the central fixed shaft is connected to a shaft base, The shaft base is connected to the inner side of the side wall of the conical top cover through a connecting piece.

9. The unit width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter according to claim 8, characterized in that: The measuring device further comprises a plane movement sensor provided in the inner barrel, the plane movement sensor being provided between the outlet end of the protruding portion and the weighing device at a predetermined inclination angle to the horizontal plane, and the plane movement sensor does not extend beyond the edges of the weighing device, and the predetermined inclination angle is an acute angle; And / or, the acute angle is between 30-45°.

10. The unit width all-round automatic sand accumulation meter according to claim 9, characterized in that: The unit width omnidirectional automatic sand accumulation meter also includes a collection box, a data collection device, a remote communication device and a power supply. The data collection device and the remote communication device are both arranged in the collection box, the weighing device and the plane movement sensor are both electrically connected to the data collection device, the data collection device is electrically connected to the power supply, and the remote communication device is electrically connected to the data collection device; And / or, the power source is a power supply system composed of batteries and solar panels.

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