Controllable nuclear fusion power generation system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a controllable nuclear fusion power generation system, which comprises a light condensation conduction device, the light condensation conduction device converts sunlight into high-energy density light beams and guides the light beams into a combustion chamber, nuclear fuel is combusted in the combustion chamber, and a cooling liquid circulation pipeline is formed on the outer side of the combustion chamber. The middle section of the cooling liquid circulation pipeline extends into the steam generator, a water inlet of the steam generator is connected with a water outlet of the feed water pump, a steam outlet of the steam generator is connected with an inlet of the steam turbine, a rotor of the steam turbine is connected with the generator, and an outlet of the steam turbine is connected with an inlet of the condenser. An outlet of the condenser is connected with a water inlet of the water feeding pump; the device has the advantages that the mode that sunlight is converged and converted into high-energy light beams is used as an energy source instead of the mode that a laser device is driven by electricity in the past, the problem that ignition energy is insufficient is solved, the nuclear fuel supply system and the combustion system are designed, and continuous fusion reaction can be maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of nuclear power generation, in particular to a controlled nuclear fusion power generation system. Background Art

[0002] Nuclear energy is a form of energy that releases energy through nuclear reactions, which can be achieved through nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

[0003] Nuclear fission is a widely used nuclear energy technology. It releases large amounts of energy through the fission reaction of heavy nuclei (such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239). All nuclear power plants currently in operation worldwide are based on the principle of nuclear fission, using the heat generated by fission to heat water to generate steam, which drives turbines to generate electricity. The advantage of nuclear fission lies in its high energy density, allowing a small amount of nuclear fuel to generate a large amount of electricity. However, nuclear fission produces radioactive waste, and its disposal is one of the major challenges facing nuclear energy. Furthermore, nuclear fission raises nuclear safety concerns, such as nuclear leaks and accidents.

[0004] In contrast, nuclear fusion is a future energy technology with greater potential. Nuclear fusion involves the polymerization of light nuclear atoms, such as deuterium and tritium, at extremely high temperatures and pressures, releasing enormous amounts of energy. The advantages of nuclear fusion are that its fuel is abundant and widely available; deuterium can be extracted from seawater, and the waste produced by the fusion reaction is primarily helium, free of radioactive contamination. Furthermore, nuclear fusion lacks the chain reaction characteristic of nuclear fission reactions, meaning it is safer. However, achieving nuclear fusion still faces significant technical hurdles. The primary difficulty lies in effectively controlling and sustaining fusion reactions on Earth.

[0005] The main areas of current nuclear fusion research include magnetic confinement and inertial confinement. Magnetic confinement uses strong magnetic fields to confine and restrain high-temperature plasma, preventing its diffusion and maintaining stability for extended periods of time to achieve a fusion reaction. Inertial confinement uses laser or particle beams to compress and heat the fuel at extremely high energies in a very short period of time, rapidly raising the temperature and density of the deuterium-tritium fuel to the conditions required for nuclear fusion, thus initiating nuclear fusion. Before nuclear fusion occurs, the fuel's inertia prevents its diffusion, hence the name "inertial confinement."

[0006] The two main types of nuclear fusion technologies each face different challenges.

[0007] The main challenges facing magnetic confinement fusion include: difficulty controlling plasma stability, which is prone to turbulence, magnetohydrodynamic instabilities, and fractures; the technology for long-term confinement of high-temperature plasma is not yet mature; energy consumption is enormous, with output far lower than input; and plasma temperatures exceeding 100 million degrees Celsius, which can severely damage the first-wall materials and magnets of the fusion device. Existing materials are unable to withstand such high temperatures and high-energy neutron bombardment for extended periods. Furthermore, magnetic confinement devices such as tokamaks and stellarators are complex and expensive, requiring extremely high engineering requirements.

[0008] However, inertial confinement nuclear fusion faces the following problems: the fuel target compression symmetry requirements are extremely high. If the energy of the laser beam is unevenly irradiated, the compression process will be unbalanced, resulting in the failure of the hot spot to form at the center of the fuel target and the inability to trigger the fusion reaction; secondly, the laser efficiency is low, and the energy consumed is far greater than the energy released by the fusion reaction; and, the manufacturing precision requirements of the fuel target are stringent and the cost is high.

[0009] Patent publication number "CN103219050A" discloses a "solar focusing induced nuclear fusion power generation device," which consists of a nuclear fusion chamber, a cooling hood, a strong magnetic field, a huge spherical solar focusing mirror, a main water tank, a backup water tank, a forward and reverse impeller fluid dynamic duct, and a generator. The cooling hood is made of materials such as concrete, ceramic, or rare earth magnets. The huge spherical solar focusing mirror focuses sunlight into the nuclear fusion chamber. Controlled nuclear materials enter the nuclear fusion chamber and undergo nuclear fusion under the influence of the strong magnetic field and high temperature. The solar focusing mirror provides a continuous high temperature, allowing nuclear fusion to proceed continuously. The heat energy is extracted through the cooling hood to generate electricity. However, in the patent's solution, the huge spherical solar focusing mirror takes up a lot of space, resulting in poor practicality.

[0010] To this end, this application proposes a controlled nuclear fusion power generation system. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of the present utility model is to provide a controlled nuclear fusion power generation system, which converts sunlight into a high-energy-density light beam through a focusing conduction device and funnels it into a combustion chamber for ignition, replacing the previous method of using an electrically driven laser as an energy source, thereby solving the problem of insufficient ignition energy.

[0012] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0013] A controlled nuclear fusion power generation system includes a focusing and conducting device, which converts sunlight into a high-energy-density light beam and guides it into a combustion chamber. Nuclear fuel burns in the combustion chamber and forms a coolant circulation pipeline outside the combustion chamber. The middle section of the coolant circulation pipeline extends into a steam generator, the water inlet of the steam generator is connected to the water outlet of a feedwater pump, the steam outlet of the steam generator is connected to the inlet of a steam turbine, the rotor of the steam turbine is connected to a generator, the outlet of the steam turbine is connected to the inlet of a condenser, and the outlet of the condenser is connected to the water inlet of a feedwater pump.

[0014] Preferably, the focusing conduction device includes at least one level of converging and heat collecting module, the converging and heat collecting module includes at least one basic heat collecting unit, the basic heat collecting unit includes a funnel-shaped fixing part, a first convex lens for receiving sunlight is provided at the large mouth of the fixing part, a concave lens is provided at the small mouth of the fixing part, and the concave lens is connected to a heat collecting glass tube for extracting a high energy density light beam.

[0015] Preferably, the focusing conduction device includes at least one level of converging and heat-collecting module, the converging and heat-collecting module includes at least one basic heat-collecting unit, the basic heat-collecting unit includes a funnel-shaped fixing part, a first convex lens for receiving sunlight is provided at the large mouth of the fixing part, a second convex lens is provided at the small mouth of the fixing part, and the second convex lens is connected to a heat-collecting glass tube for extracting a high-energy-density light beam.

[0016] Preferably, the focusing and conducting device is a secondary converging and heat-collecting module, which includes a first layer composed of multiple basic heat-collecting units and a second layer that converges the high-energy-density light beams collected by the first layer again. The second layer is composed of a basic heat-collecting unit. The ends of the heat-collecting glass tubes in the multiple basic heat-collecting units of the first layer are parallel to each other and closely arranged, so as to facilitate the conduction of the high-energy-density light beam to the first convex lens of the second layer.

[0017] Preferably, the light-concentrating conduction device is a three-stage converging heat collection module, which includes a first layer composed of multiple secondary converging heat collection modules and a second layer composed of a single basic heat collection unit that again converges the high-energy-density light beams collected by the multiple secondary converging heat collection modules.

[0018] Preferably, a reflective plate is provided above the light-concentrating transmission device, and the light-concentrating transmission device is connected to a sunlight tracking device for adjusting its rotation angle.

[0019] Preferably, the combustion chamber is connected to a fuel tank for introducing fuel and an exhaust tank for discharging exhaust gas;

[0020] An air intake pipeline is formed between the fuel tank and the combustion chamber, and a compressor, a check valve, a high-pressure fuel tank and a throttle valve are sequentially arranged on the air intake pipeline along the air intake direction;

[0021] An air outlet pipeline is formed between the combustion chamber and the exhaust gas tank, and a vacuum pump is provided on the air outlet pipeline.

[0022] Preferably, the combustion chamber comprises an outer shell, an inner shell, a fuel input pipe passing through the outer shell and entering the inner shell, and an exhaust gas output pipe passing through the outer shell and entering the inner shell, and an interlayer is formed between the outer shell and the inner shell;

[0023] A coolant outlet and a coolant inlet are provided on the outer shell, and a closed space is formed in the interlayer for the coolant to flow from the coolant inlet to the coolant outlet. A coolant circulation pump, a steam generator and a pressure stabilizer are provided on the coolant circulation pipeline. The coolant enters the combustion chamber interlayer from the combustion chamber coolant inlet under the transportation of the coolant circulation pump, flows from the combustion chamber coolant outlet through the pressure stabilizer and flows into the steam generator. After flowing through the steam generator and releasing heat, the coolant is transported to the combustion chamber interlayer by the coolant circulation pump again to form a coolant circulation loop.

[0024] Preferably, a heat-conducting base is provided on the inner shell, and a heat-conducting glass tube connected to the light-conducting device is installed on the heat-conducting base.

[0025] Preferably, the outer shell is provided with a clearance hole for the heat-conducting base and the heat-conducting glass tube to pass through, and the inner wall of the outer shell is provided with a support column for supporting the inner shell.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0027] 1. This application solves the problem of insufficient ignition energy by converting sunlight into high-energy beams instead of using electrically driven lasers as the energy source. It also designs a nuclear fuel supply system and combustion system that can maintain the continuous progress of the fusion reaction.

[0028] 2. Under the action of the focusing conduction device, the present application can increase the fusion ignition energy to a very high level, that is, it can increase the ignition temperature to a temperature far exceeding the temperature required for fusion. Under such huge energy conditions, the fuel target pellets used in traditional inertial confinement nuclear fusion are no longer used, and there are no challenges and difficulties in the design and manufacturing of fuel targets and the uneven heat distribution of target pellets.

[0029] 3. In previous laser confinement controlled nuclear fusion devices, fuel pellets were used as fuel, which could not achieve continuous energy output and had only research value but no practical value. The system designed in this application can achieve continuous energy output and has extremely strong practical value.

[0030] 4. The controlled nuclear fusion power generation system designed in this application is highly versatile and easy to implement. Furthermore, it can be adapted to different nuclear fuels by adjusting the size of the equipment. For example, when using fusion fuels with higher ignition temperatures, ignition can be achieved by simply increasing the size of the combustion chamber and increasing the intensity of the energy input to the focusing and conduction device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the utility model;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the basic heat collection unit;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the basic heat collecting unit;

[0034] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a basic heat collecting unit in another case;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the secondary converging and collecting module;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a top view of the secondary converging solar collector module;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the three-stage converging solar collector module;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional image of the three-stage converging solar collector module from another angle;

[0039] Figure 9 is a three-dimensional diagram of the combustion chamber;

[0040] Figure 10 is the main view of the outer shell;

[0041] Figure 11 for Figure 10 A-A sectional view;

[0042] Figure 12 is a three-dimensional diagram of the inner shell;

[0043] Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional view of the inner shell from another angle.

[0044] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limitations on this patent. To better illustrate this embodiment, some components of the accompanying drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced in size, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted from the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the controlled nuclear fusion power generation system of this embodiment includes a focusing and transmitting device 1, which converts sunlight into a high-energy-density light beam and guides it into a combustion chamber 2. Nuclear fuel burns in the combustion chamber 2 and forms a circulatory coolant circulation pipeline 206 outside the combustion chamber 2. The middle section of the coolant circulation pipeline 206 extends into the steam generator 3 to heat the water in the steam generator 3 to convert it into superheated steam. The water inlet of the steam generator 3 is connected to the water outlet of the feed water pump 7, the steam outlet of the steam generator 3 is connected to the inlet of the steam turbine 4, the rotor of the steam turbine 4 is connected to the generator 5, the superheated steam enters the steam turbine 4 and drives the rotor of the steam turbine 4 to rotate, driving the generator 5 to rotate and generate electricity, the outlet of the steam turbine 4 is connected to the inlet of the condenser 6, the superheated steam flows through the steam turbine 4 and is cooled and reduced in pressure to become exhaust gas and enter the condenser 6. In some embodiments, a condensation pipeline can also be provided in the condenser 6, and a circulating water pump 8 is provided on the condensation pipeline, which can introduce cooling water into the condenser to further cool and condense the exhaust gas. The outlet of the condenser 6 is connected to the water inlet of the feed water pump 7. After passing through the condenser 6, the exhaust gas is cooled and liquefied into water again, and is pumped to the steam generator 3 by the feed water pump 7 again, forming a cycle.

[0048] like Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the focusing conduction device is a secondary focusing heat collection module 12, and the focusing conduction device is a secondary focusing heat collection module 12. The secondary focusing heat collection module 12 includes a first layer composed of 7 basic heat collection units 11 and a second layer 122 that converges the high energy density light beam collected by the first layer again. The second layer 122 is composed of a basic heat collection unit. The basic heat collection unit 11 includes a funnel-shaped fixing part 112. A first convex lens 111 for receiving sunlight is provided at the large mouth of the fixing part 112, and a concave lens 113 is provided at the small mouth of the fixing part 112. The concave lens 113 is connected to a heat collection glass tube 114 for exporting high energy density light beams. The ends of the heat collection glass tubes in the multiple basic heat collection units of the first layer are parallel to each other and closely arranged, so as to facilitate the export of the high energy density light beam to the first convex lens 111 of the second layer 122.

[0049] like Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments, the basic heat collecting unit 11 includes a funnel-shaped fixing member 112, a first convex lens 111 for receiving sunlight is provided at the large mouth of the fixing member 112, a second convex lens 115 is provided at the small mouth of the fixing member 112, and the second convex lens 115 is connected to a heat collecting glass tube 114 for deriving a high energy density light beam.

[0050] As mentioned above, there are two design methods for the basic heat collecting unit 11. One is a combination of a convex lens, a concave lens, a fixing member and a glass tube. Figure 3 As shown; the other is a combination of convex lens, convex lens, fixing parts and glass tube, as shown Figure 4 As shown. In both types, the distance between the lenses is equal to the sum of their focal lengths. For example: in the first combination, the focal length of the convex lens is 100mm and the focal length of the concave lens is -20mm, so the distance between them is 80mm. In the second combination, the focal length of the convex lens is 100mm and the focal length of the concave lens is 20mm, so the distance between them is 120mm.

[0051] Considering that the second method has a focal point of convergence, which may result in additional heat loss, and the volume of the basic heat collection unit of the first method is more compact than that of the second method (under the same convergence ratio, the distance between the two lenses of the combination of convex and concave lenses is shorter). Therefore, in this embodiment, the first convergence method is used.

[0052] When manufacturing and assembling the basic heat collecting unit 11, the following points should be noted:

[0053] 1. The convex lens, concave lens, and glass tube are all made of transparent quartz glass with a purity of at least 99.99999%, consisting of silicon dioxide. During manufacturing, uniform density and no internal cavities must be ensured.

[0054] 2. Let the focal length of the convex lens be A and the focal length of the concave lens be B. Then the distance between the two lenses must be A+B.

[0055] 3. The diameter of the glass tube is the same as that of the concave lens. The glass tube is a solid cylinder with the same cross-sectional area at all locations. The convex lens, concave lens and glass tube are coaxial.

[0056] 4. The cavity between the convex lens, the fixing part and the concave lens is a closed cavity and is in a vacuum state.

[0057] 5. Convex lenses are classified into biconvex, plano-convex and concave-convex (or positive meniscus) forms. In this embodiment, a plano-convex convex lens (such as Figure 3As shown), when installed, the convex surface is located on the inner side of the fixing piece; concave lenses are divided into double concave, plano-concave, convex-concave (note: the concave degree of the convex-concave lens is greater than the convex degree, and the convex-concave lens is greater than the concave degree). In this embodiment, a plano-concave concave lens (as shown) is used. Figure 3 As shown), and when installed, the concave surface is located on the inner side of the fixing member, and the flat surface is located on the side of the glass tube. The protection of this embodiment is not limited to a certain type of convex lens or concave lens. When using a plano-convex convex lens, it is convenient to use a reflector to block it when the focusing stops later. Of course, a biconvex convex lens (such as Figure 4 As shown), when a reflector is subsequently used to block the light, in order to ensure the blocking effect, a concave surface that cooperates with the convex lens needs to be provided on the surface of the reflector. This solution increases the cost, so it is not adopted in this embodiment.

[0058] 6. The inner surface of the fixing is coated with a coating with high reflectivity to light and the surface is smooth, which is easy to reflect light.

[0059] The working principle of the basic heat collection unit is:

[0060] Adjust the angle of the device so that sunlight enters the convex lens vertically. After being converged by the convex lens, the sunlight falls on the concave lens. After passing through the concave lens, the light diverges. Since the distance between the two lenses is the sum of their focal lengths, the light becomes parallel light again after convergence and divergence. After this process, the sunlight becomes parallel light with a higher energy density. This parallel light with amplified energy density then enters the glass tube. The principle of the glass tube is the same as that of optical fiber. The glass tube can be bent at a certain angle. This light undergoes total internal reflection within the glass tube. The bendability of the glass tube can change the direction of travel of the light. It is important to note that the bending radius of the glass tube cannot be less than ten times the diameter of the glass tube. In this embodiment, considering the tensile load it bears, the bending radius of the glass tube is 15 times the diameter of the glass tube. Since the light undergoes total internal reflection within the glass tube, it remains parallel after exiting the glass tube.

[0061] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the secondary concentrating solar collector module 12 includes a first layer 121 composed of seven basic solar collector units 11 and a second layer 122 composed of one basic solar collector unit 11. Each basic solar collector unit has the same structure and the same light propagation principle, but can be of different sizes (each basic solar collector unit contains the four components described above, but can be proportionally enlarged or reduced). The arrangement is shown in the figure, with the seven basic solar collector units in the first layer 121 arranged in parallel, with the convex lens portions located on the same horizontal plane.

[0062] In this embodiment, the seven basic heat collecting units are all of the same size. In actual applications, the sizes of the basic heat collecting units arranged in parallel may also be inconsistent. In order to pursue greater space utilization efficiency, basic heat collecting units of inconsistent sizes may also be used for arrangement, but this will bring certain manufacturing pressure. The protection of this embodiment is not limited to heat collecting units of fixed size. In addition, the convex lens and the fixing part of this embodiment are not limited to circular structures. In order to pursue greater space utilization efficiency, square, rectangular, hexagonal or basic heat collecting units of any shape may also be used. Similarly, inconsistent structures are not easy to manufacture in a universal manner and will bring certain manufacturing pressure. It should be noted that the basic heat collecting units arranged in parallel must ensure that the focal length ratio of the convex lens and the concave lens is the same, otherwise the energy density of the converged light beams will be different, which will lead to uneven energy distribution in the subsequent convergence process, which may cause damage to the equipment.

[0063] The end quartz glass tubes of the seven basic heat collecting units in the first layer are parallel and closely arranged to converge the light beams that have passed through the basic heat collecting units. This allows the light beams transmitted through the quartz glass tubes of each basic heat collecting unit to be re-transmitted to a single basic heat collecting unit in the second layer for a second level of convergence. The size of the basic heat collecting unit for this second level of convergence needs to be adjusted according to the cross-sectional area of ​​the converged quartz glass tubes to ensure that it can accommodate the quartz glass tubes of all the parallelly arranged basic heat collecting units.

[0064] The principle behind the second-stage focusing is the same as that of the basic solar collector units described above. The difference is that the light entering the convex lens has already been compressed and amplified by the basic solar collector units, hence the term "second-stage focusing." The combination of eight basic solar collector units is called a secondary focusing basic unit. In this embodiment, seven basic solar collector units are arranged in parallel. In practical applications, a larger or smaller number of basic solar collector units may also be used.

[0065] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, a three-stage converging solar collection module 13 is used in certain embodiments. The three-stage converging solar collection module 13 includes a first layer composed of 19 two-stage converging solar collection modules 12 and a second layer 122 composed of a single basic solar collection unit that converges the high-energy-density light beams collected by the 19 two-stage converging solar collection modules again.

[0066] 19 secondary converging solar collector modules are arranged in parallel. The convex lens side of each secondary converging solar collector module is located on the same plane, the cross-section of the end quartz glass tube is also on the same plane, and the quartz glass tubes are closely arranged. The purpose is to converge the converged light beams so that the light beams transmitted in the quartz glass tubes of each secondary converging solar collector module can be transmitted to the basic solar collector unit again for third-level convergence. The size of the basic solar collector unit of this third-level convergence needs to be adjusted according to the cross-sectional area of ​​the converged quartz glass tubes to ensure that it can accommodate the quartz glass tubes of all the basic solar collector units arranged in parallel.

[0067] In this embodiment, taking into account the efficient utilization of space and the universal manufacturing process, the secondary converging heat collection module is composed of 8 basic heat collection units (a first layer 121 composed of 7 basic heat collection units 11 and a second layer 122 composed of 1 basic heat collection unit 11), and the tertiary converging heat collection module is composed of 19 secondary converging heat collection modules and 1 basic heat collection unit. The parallel arrangement parts of each level are used in the form of a regular hexagonal array. In some embodiments, any number of basic heat collection units can be used to form a secondary converging heat collection module, and any number of secondary converging heat collection modules can be used to form a tertiary converging heat collection module.

[0068] Subsequent four-stage converging solar collector modules and higher-level solar collector modules have no theoretical or structural differences or special requirements from the two-stage and three-stage solar collector modules described above, and will not be further described. However, in practical implementation, the level of solar collection is limited by the purity of the quartz glass material, and current manufacturing processes cannot achieve 100% purity. Therefore, the greater the energy density transmitted, the greater the heat loss, which may cause damage to the equipment. The level of solar collector modules used in actual applications can be implemented based on the purity of the quartz glass tube and the safety specifications of the manufacturing process, and is not limited to the three-stage converging solar collector module described in this embodiment.

[0069] like Figure 1 As shown, a reflector 101 is positioned above the light-concentrating transmission device 1. Reflector 101 can be provided separately or integrated with the light-concentrating transmission device 1 and rotate around it. When sunlight concentration is not required, reflector 101 can cover the upper surface of the light-concentrating transmission device 1 to stop it from concentrating sunlight. Both the front and back surfaces of reflector 101 are coated with a highly reflective material. The material is not restricted, but must be heat-resistant and have excellent heat transfer properties. Reflector 101 must be large enough to completely cover all convex lens surfaces of the light-concentrating transmission device 1.

[0070] The concentrating light transmission device 1 is connected to a sunlight tracking device 102 that adjusts its rotation angle. The sunlight tracking device 102 is a device used in solar photovoltaic power generation systems. Its main function is to enable the solar panels (or photovoltaic modules) to adjust their angles as the sun moves. The tracking device continuously adjusts the orientation of the photovoltaic panels to ensure that they always face the sun at the optimal angle, increasing the amount of light incident on them and maximizing sunlight reception, thereby improving power generation efficiency.

[0071] Current tracking systems primarily include single-axis tracking systems, dual-axis tracking systems, and azimuth tracking systems. In this embodiment, the concentrating light transmission device must ensure that sunlight enters the lens perpendicularly to ensure proper transmission of the concentrated sunlight. Therefore, a high-precision dual-axis tracking system is used in conjunction with an azimuth tracking system to ensure that sunlight enters the concentrating light transmission device at a perpendicular angle.

[0072] It's important to note that in practical applications, when combining a concentrating and tracking device, the concentrating device replaces the photovoltaic panels in the tracking device, using only its sunlight tracking function. The glass tube in the concentrating and tracking device must have a sufficient bending radius to prevent unnecessary energy loss during transmission. The length and diameter of the glass tube should also ensure that the tracking system can steer freely while maintaining energy transmission efficiency.

[0073] like Figure 1 As shown, the combustion chamber 2 is connected to a fuel tank 201 for introducing fuel and an exhaust gas tank 209 for exporting exhaust gas;

[0074] An air intake line is formed between the fuel tank 201 and the combustion chamber 2, and a compressor 202, a check valve 203, a high-pressure fuel tank 204 and a throttle valve 205 are sequentially arranged on the air intake line along the air intake direction;

[0075] An air outlet pipeline is formed between the combustion chamber 2 and the exhaust gas tank 209 , and a vacuum pump 210 is provided on the air outlet pipeline.

[0076] like Figure 9 As shown, the combustion chamber 2 includes an outer shell 22, an inner shell 23, a fuel input pipe 25 passing through the outer shell 22 and entering the inner shell 23, and an exhaust gas output pipe 24 passing through the outer shell 22 and entering the inner shell 23; the outer shell 22 can be made into two hemispherical blocks or multiple splicing blocks, and the inner shell 23 is installed and then assembled and connected.

[0077] The side wall of the outer shell 22 is provided with a first air inlet 225 for the fuel input pipe 25 to pass through and a first air outlet (not shown in the figure) for the exhaust gas output pipe 24 to pass through. An interlayer is formed between the outer shell 22 and the inner shell 23.

[0078] like Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, a coolant outlet 221 and a coolant inlet 222 are provided on the outer shell 22, and a closed space is formed in the interlayer for the coolant to flow from the coolant inlet 222 to the coolant outlet 221. A coolant circulation pump 207, a steam generator 3 and a pressure stabilizer 208 are provided on the coolant circulation pipeline 206. Driven by the coolant circulation pump 207, the coolant enters the outer shell 22 from the coolant inlet 222 to absorb the heat generated by the combustion, and then enters the coolant circulation pipeline 206 from the coolant outlet 221. After passing through the steam generator 3, the coolant is cooled and releases heat (at the same time, the water flowing through the steam generator 3 is heated. After being heated, the water becomes superheated steam and enters the steam turbine 4 to drive the rotor and drive the generator 5 to generate electricity, which has been described in detail above), and then enters the outer shell 22 from the coolant inlet 222 to form a circulation loop.

[0079] like Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, a heat-conducting base 231 is provided on the inner shell 23 , and a heat-conducting glass tube 232 connected to the light-conducting device 1 is installed on the heat-conducting base 231 .

[0080] The side wall of the inner shell 23 is formed with a second air inlet 233 for the fuel input pipe 25 to pass through and a second air outlet 234 for the exhaust gas output pipe 24 to pass through.

[0081] The outer shell 22 is provided with a clearance hole 223 for the heat-conducting base 231 and the heat-conducting glass tube 232 to pass through. The inner wall of the outer shell 22 is provided with a support column 224 for supporting the inner shell 23 .

[0082] The material of the main portion of the outer shell 22 is not critical, as long as it ensures structural strength. The inner wall is coated with a low-reflective material to minimize light reflection. The opening shape of the clearance hole 223 is the same as the base shape of the inner shell quartz glass tube.

[0083] All parts of the inner shell 23 are made of transparent quartz glass with a purity of more than 99.99999%, and the chemical element is single-element silicon dioxide. And during the manufacturing process, it is necessary to ensure that its density is uniform and there is no cavity inside. The main part of the inner shell is a hollow sphere, and the inner surface is as smooth as possible to prevent unnecessary heat loss. The heat-conducting glass tubes 232 are closely arranged on the heat-conducting base 231 to facilitate connection with the heat-collecting glass tubes in the focusing conduction device 1. The number of heat-conducting glass tubes 232 can be the same as the diameter of the heat-collecting glass tubes of the last stage in the focusing conduction device 1 to which they are connected. And each heat-conducting glass tube 232 points to the center of the sphere of the main body of the inner shell 23. The thickness of the heat-conducting base 231 is the same as the difference between the outer diameters of the outer shell 22 and the inner shell 23, and its upper surface area and shape are consistent with the size and shape of the clearance hole 223 of the outer shell.

[0084] The fuel input pipe 25 and the exhaust gas output pipe 24 have the same structure. Both pipes have a conical outer shape, with the larger end facing away from the combustion chamber 2 and the smaller end facing closer to and into the combustion chamber 2. The extended lines of the generatrix on the outer surfaces of both pipes always pass through the center of the sphere. This conical structure reduces the area of ​​radiation radiating from the pipes during nuclear fuel combustion, and the conical structure, with its larger bottom and smaller top, ensures structural strength. The extended lines of the generatrix on the outer surfaces of both pipes always pass through the center of the sphere. A cylindrical through-hole is bored in the center of both pipes. The insertion depth of the pipes on the smaller end side cannot exceed the center of the sphere. The pipes are constructed from two materials: the portion located inside the inner shell and the thicker portion, made of transparent quartz glass. The portion outside the inner shell that contacts the coolant and the outdoor portion can be made of steel or other materials with a high melting point and good heat dissipation properties to facilitate heat exchange with the coolant. Fins can also be added to the coolant contact portion to enhance heat exchange.

[0085] It should be noted that in the combustion chamber, the heat-conducting base of the energy input part where the inner shell contacts the outer shell, the connection parts between the inner shell and the outer shell and the input and output pipes, and the joint seams of the outer shell must all be strictly sealed to ensure that the interior of the inner shell and the coolant area are not connected to each other, the coolant area and the outside of the outer shell are only connected by the coolant inlet and outlet pipes, and the interior of the inner shell and the outside of the outer shell are only connected by the nuclear fuel inlet and outlet pipes.

[0086] In the combustion chamber, the positions of the fuel input pipe 25, heat-conducting base 231, exhaust gas output pipe 24, coolant inlet and outlet, and support column 224 on the sphere are not fixed and are not limited to the positions shown in the figure. They can be reasonably arranged based on performance and manufacturing process. However, the following principles should be followed when arranging them:

[0087] 1. The heat-conducting base responsible for the input of the beam energy is not allowed to have a symmetrical structure about the center of the sphere (the symmetrical structure will cause the light emitted by the glass to be emitted from the glass tube on the other side of the sphere without being absorbed by the coolant. The light will continue to reflect between the glass tubes, which will damage the equipment) to prevent the high energy density beam from being reversed.

[0088] 2. The arrangement of the heat-conducting glass tubes 232 can be dispersed and does not need to be concentrated, but it must meet the requirements that all high-energy density light beams converge at the center of the sphere and are evenly distributed to ensure that the ignition position of nuclear fusion is located at the center of the sphere, otherwise it will cause uneven energy distribution in the shell.

[0089] 3. The bracket, combustion input pipe and output pipe are not allowed to be arranged symmetrically about the center of the sphere to prevent the light beam from reflecting between surfaces, causing energy accumulation and resulting in equipment damage.

[0090] 4. The coolant input and output pipes are not limited to one. In large fusion combustion chambers (combustion chambers with higher ignition temperatures), the diameter of the sphere can reach hundreds of meters. Multiple cooling pipes are required to ensure that the energy in the sphere is evenly distributed and can be delivered in a timely manner.

[0091] In this embodiment, because nuclear fuels such as deuterium, tritium, and helium-3 are all in gaseous form at room temperature and pressure, the fuel tank 201 primarily serves to store and add fuel. The compressor 202 pressurizes the fuel. The check valve 203, also known as a one-way flow valve, prevents backflow of the fuel during transport. The high-pressure fuel tank 204 supplies fuel to the combustion chamber 2. The throttle valve 205 controls the amount of fuel input. The exhaust gas tank 209 stores combustion exhaust and requires regular cleaning.

[0092] The operating logic of the system is as follows:

[0093] After the system is started, the vacuum pump 210 is started first to draw the combustion chamber 2 into a vacuum state. The suction volume of the vacuum pump 210 must be much greater than the intake volume of the fuel entering the combustion chamber 2. It continues to run during the subsequent working process to maintain the vacuum state of the combustion chamber 2; secondly, the coolant circulation pump 207 is started to make the coolant flow in the interlayer between the inner shell and the outer shell of the combustion chamber 2 to ensure that the heat of the combustion chamber 2 can be taken out in time; then the reflector 101 is opened, and the sunlight tracking device 102 is started to face the sun. The focusing conduction device 1 multi-level enhances the energy density of the sunlight and converts it into a light beam with extremely high energy density. This high energy density light beam is then conducted to the combustion chamber 2 through a transparent quartz glass tube. Several high energy density light beams converge at the center of the combustion chamber 2 to form a hot spot area with extremely high temperature. If there is a deviation, it can be achieved by adjusting the distance between the convex lens 111 and the concave lens 113 in the second layer 122 of each heat collection module in the focusing conduction device 1. After adjusting to the optimal position, compressor 202 starts, compressing and pressurizing the nuclear fuel and transferring it to high-pressure fuel tank 204 through check valve 203. Check valve 203 prevents backflow of the high-pressure nuclear fuel, and high-pressure fuel tank 204 provides power for fuel delivery. The amount of fuel entering combustion chamber 2 is then controlled by adjusting the opening of throttle valve 205. During this process, compressor 202 operates continuously, maintaining a stable pressure in high-pressure fuel tank 204. Vacuum pump 210 continuously pumps air into the inner casing of combustion chamber 2, maintaining a vacuum state, and stores the extracted exhaust gas in exhaust tank 209.

[0094] The nuclear fuel is transported to the combustion chamber 2 for ignition. After successful ignition, the energy generated by the fusion can spontaneously carry out subsequent fusion reactions through the continuous supply of nuclear fuel. At this time, the reflector 101 is closed, and part of the heat generated in the combustion chamber is conducted to the coolant between the inner and outer layers of the combustion chamber 2 by radiation. The coolant cools the combustion chamber 2 and absorbs the radiated heat. Another part of the heat is reversed back to the focusing conduction device 1 through the quartz glass tube of the focusing conduction device 1. After the radiation contacts the reflector 101, it is reflected back to the combustion chamber 2 and absorbed by the coolant. Another part of the heat is contained in the exhaust gas after the fuel is burned. At this time, the exhaust gas is in an extremely high-temperature plasma state. The exhaust gas is extracted through the exhaust gas output pipe 24, and the exhaust gas output pipe 24 contacts the coolant for heat exchange, releasing the heat of the exhaust gas into the coolant. It is necessary to ensure that the temperature of the exhaust gas entering the vacuum pump 210 does not exceed the safe temperature of the vacuum pump 210 and the exhaust gas tank 209 to avoid equipment damage. Note: In some nuclear fusion reactions, such as deuterium-tritium (DT) fusion reactions, a large number of neutrons are produced, which in turn produces neutron radiation. The coolant material needs to be able to absorb neutron radiation, otherwise there is a risk of damage to the equipment.

[0095] After absorbing the energy of fusion radiation, the coolant's temperature rises, and the pressure within the pipeline also increases accordingly. A pressure stabilizer 208 is required within the pipeline to maintain pressure stability. Coolant circulation pump 207 then continuously delivers the high-temperature coolant, which has absorbed heat, to steam generator 3. A feedwater pump 7 pumps water into steam generator 3 for heat exchange. The water absorbs the coolant's energy, generating superheated steam at a specific temperature and pressure. This superheated steam is then transported through pipelines to steam turbine 4, driving the turbine rotor and, in turn, generator 5 for power generation. After passing through the turbine, the superheated steam cools and reduces its pressure, becoming exhaust gas. This exhaust gas enters condenser 6, where circulating water pump 8 draws water from rivers, seas, lakes, or cooling towers to further cool and condense the exhaust gas. After passing through condenser 6, the exhaust gas is recooled and liquefied into water, which is then pumped again by feedwater pump 7 to steam generator 3, completing the cycle.

[0096] This embodiment does not impose any formal restrictions on the shape, material, structure, etc. of the utility model. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the utility model are within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the utility model.

[0097] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the protection content of the present invention.

[0098] If words such as "first" and "second" are used in this document to limit components, those skilled in the art should know that the use of "first" and "second" is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, the above words have no special meaning.

[0099] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A controlled nuclear fusion power generation system, characterized in that: It includes a focusing conduction device, which converts sunlight into a high-energy-density light beam and guides it into a combustion chamber. Nuclear fuel burns in the combustion chamber and forms a coolant circulation pipeline on the outside of the combustion chamber. The middle section of the coolant circulation pipeline extends into the steam generator. The water inlet of the steam generator is connected to the water outlet of the feed water pump, the steam outlet of the steam generator is connected to the inlet of the steam turbine, the rotor of the steam turbine is connected to the generator, the outlet of the steam turbine is connected to the inlet of the condenser, and the outlet of the condenser is connected to the water inlet of the feed water pump.

2. The controlled nuclear fusion power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light-concentrating conduction device includes at least one level of converging and heat-collecting module, and the converging and heat-collecting module includes at least one basic heat-collecting unit. The basic heat-collecting unit includes a funnel-shaped fixing piece, and a first convex lens for receiving sunlight is provided at the large mouth of the fixing piece, and a concave lens is provided at the small mouth of the fixing piece, and the concave lens is connected to a heat-collecting glass tube for extracting a high-energy-density light beam.

3. The controlled nuclear fusion power generation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The light-concentrating conduction device includes at least one level of converging and heat-collecting module, and the converging and heat-collecting module includes at least one basic heat-collecting unit. The basic heat-collecting unit includes a funnel-shaped fixing piece, and a first convex lens for receiving sunlight is provided at the large mouth of the fixing piece, and a second convex lens is provided at the small mouth of the fixing piece, and the second convex lens is connected to a heat-collecting glass tube for extracting a high-energy-density light beam.

4. The controlled nuclear fusion power generation system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The focusing and conducting device is a two-stage converging and heat-collecting module, which includes a first layer composed of multiple basic heat-collecting units and a second layer that converges the high-energy-density light beams collected by the first layer again. The second layer is composed of a basic heat-collecting unit. The ends of the heat-collecting glass tubes in the multiple basic heat-collecting units of the first layer are parallel to each other and closely arranged, so as to facilitate the conduction of the high-energy-density light beam to the first convex lens of the second layer.

5. The controlled nuclear fusion power generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The light-concentrating conduction device is a three-stage converging heat collection module, which includes a first layer composed of multiple secondary converging heat collection modules and a second layer composed of a single basic heat collection unit that again converges the high-energy density light beams collected by the multiple secondary converging heat collection modules.

6. The controlled nuclear fusion power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A reflector is provided above the light-concentrating and conducting device, and the light-concentrating and conducting device is connected to a sunlight tracking device for adjusting its rotation angle.

7. The controlled nuclear fusion power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion chamber is connected to a fuel tank for introducing fuel and an exhaust tank for discharging exhaust gas; An air intake pipeline is formed between the fuel tank and the combustion chamber, and a compressor, a check valve, a high-pressure fuel tank and a throttle valve are sequentially arranged on the air intake pipeline along the air intake direction; An air outlet pipeline is formed between the combustion chamber and the exhaust gas tank, and a vacuum pump is provided on the air outlet pipeline.

8. The controlled nuclear fusion power generation system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The combustion chamber comprises an outer shell, an inner shell, a fuel input pipe penetrating the outer shell into the inner shell, and an exhaust gas output pipe penetrating the outer shell into the inner shell, wherein an interlayer is formed between the outer shell and the inner shell; A coolant outlet and a coolant inlet are provided on the outer shell, and a closed space is formed in the interlayer for the coolant to flow from the coolant inlet to the coolant outlet. A coolant circulation pump, a steam generator and a pressure stabilizer are provided on the coolant circulation pipeline. The coolant enters the combustion chamber interlayer from the combustion chamber coolant inlet under the transportation of the coolant circulation pump, flows from the combustion chamber coolant outlet through the pressure stabilizer and flows into the steam generator. After flowing through the steam generator and releasing heat, the coolant is transported to the combustion chamber interlayer by the coolant circulation pump again to form a coolant circulation loop.

9. The controlled nuclear fusion power generation system according to claim 8, characterized in that: A heat-conducting base is provided on the inner shell, and a heat-conducting glass tube connected with the light-conducting device is installed on the heat-conducting base.

10. The controlled nuclear fusion power generation system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The outer shell is provided with a clearance hole for the heat-conducting base and the heat-conducting glass tube to pass through, and the inner wall of the outer shell is provided with a support column for supporting the inner shell.

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