Photo-thermal power station

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic photo-thermal, in particular to a photo-thermal power station. Drawer type photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling structures of the photo-thermal power station are distributed on the periphery of a heat collector. The drawer type photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling structure comprises a mounting frame, a semitransparent photovoltaic cell and a photo-thermal reflecting mirror; the mounting frame comprises a first insertion space and a second insertion space which are arranged in a stacked manner; the semitransparent photovoltaic cell is arranged in the first plugging space, and the semitransparent photovoltaic cell is detachably connected with the first plugging space; the photo-thermal reflecting mirror is arranged in the second inserting space, and the photo-thermal reflecting mirror is detachably connected with the second inserting space. The semitransparent photovoltaic cell can secondarily absorb ultraviolet light and visible light, and the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is improved. And the infrared light is reflected to a heat collector of the photo-thermal power station and is absorbed by the heat collector for next thermoelectric conversion. Most components of a traditional photovoltaic photo-thermal integrated system are fixedly connected and are tedious to disassemble and easy to damage, while the drawer type structure of the photovoltaic photo-thermal integrated system greatly simplifies the disassembly and assembly process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic and thermal energy, in particular to a thermal energy station. Background Art

[0002] With the growing global demand for clean energy, photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation technologies, as key components of renewable energy, are attracting widespread attention. Photovoltaic technology primarily converts sunlight into electricity, while solar thermal technology converts solar radiation into heat through a heat collector. Both technologies offer their own advantages. Photovoltaic power generation offers the advantage of direct, pollution-free electrical output, but is limited by the conversion efficiency of solar cells. Meanwhile, solar thermal power generation can efficiently utilize infrared radiation, particularly infrared radiation energy, through a heat collection system, making it suitable for high-temperature operating conditions. However, its systems are complex and its investment costs are high.

[0003] To improve solar energy utilization efficiency, a photovoltaic-thermal coupling system can be used, which simultaneously achieves photovoltaic power generation and thermal energy utilization within the same system. This coupled system can efficiently utilize the entire solar spectrum, using short-wavelength light for photovoltaic power generation and long-wavelength light for thermal energy generation. However, the current photovoltaic-thermal coupling mode is relatively simple, and the stability of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells is poor. Once the photovoltaic-thermal coupling mode is fixed, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are difficult to replace after degradation, which shortens the stable operation period of the coupled system.

[0004] Furthermore, the prior art has the following problems:

[0005] 1. Difficulty in Maintenance and Replacement: Existing photovoltaic-thermal coupling systems are often designed as integrated or fixed structures, which hinders the maintenance and replacement of components such as photovoltaic cells and thermal reflectors. Damage or performance degradation of a component often necessitates disassembly of the entire system for repair or replacement, resulting in high maintenance costs and complex operations, impacting system stability and service life.

[0006] 2. Low spectral efficiency: In existing photovoltaic and solar thermal systems, due to design limitations, visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light within the spectrum are not optimally distributed and utilized. Typically, photovoltaic modules can only utilize a portion of visible and ultraviolet light, leaving unabsorbed infrared light difficult to effectively convert into heat and electricity. Concentrated solar thermal power plants can only utilize infrared light. This irrational spectral distribution leads to inefficient utilization of solar energy resources.

[0007] 3. Insufficient structural stability: Existing fixed-structure designs are susceptible to physical changes in photovoltaic and solar thermal modules when exposed to wind, sand, rain, temperature fluctuations, and other factors during long-term outdoor exposure. This can lead to loosening or component damage. This not only affects the normal operation of the system but can also shorten its service life. Utility Model Content

[0008] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a solar thermal power station, the coupling structure can solve the problems caused by the fixed structure of the photovoltaic and thermal coupling mode in the prior art;

[0009] The utility model provides a solar thermal power station, which includes a heat collector and a plurality of drawer-type photovoltaic and thermal coupling structures;

[0010] The drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure is distributed around the collector;

[0011] The drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure includes a mounting frame, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and a photothermal reflector;

[0012] The mounting frame includes a first plug-in space and a second plug-in space that are stacked;

[0013] The translucent photovoltaic cell is arranged in the first plug-in space, and the translucent photovoltaic cell is detachably connected to the first plug-in space;

[0014] The photothermal reflector is arranged in the second plug-in space, and the photothermal reflector is detachably connected to the second plug-in space.

[0015] Preferably, the solar thermal power station is a tower solar thermal power station, a plate solar thermal power station or a trough solar thermal power station.

[0016] Preferably, the mounting frame includes a top plate, a middle plate, a bottom plate and side plates;

[0017] The top plate and the bottom plate are arranged opposite to each other, and the two sides of the top plate and the bottom plate are connected by side plates;

[0018] A middle plate is provided between the top plate and the bottom plate, and the middle plate divides the space between the top plate and the bottom plate into a first plug-in space and a second plug-in space.

[0019] Preferably, the mounting frame includes a middle plate, a bottom plate, side plates and a top slot;

[0020] A side plate is provided at each end of the bottom plate, and a top slot is provided at the end of the side plate;

[0021] The middle plate is arranged parallel to the bottom plate, and is located between the two side plates;

[0022] A first plug-in space is formed between the middle plate and the top slot, and a second plug-in space is formed between the middle plate and the bottom plate.

[0023] Preferably, the mounting frame includes a bottom plate, side plates, a top slot and a middle slot;

[0024] A side plate is provided at each end of the bottom plate, and a top card slot and a middle card slot are provided at the top and the middle of the side plate respectively;

[0025] A first plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot and the bottom card slot, and a second plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot and the bottom plate.

[0026] Preferably, the mounting frame includes side panels, a top slot, a middle slot and a bottom slot;

[0027] The mounting frame includes two side panels arranged opposite to each other, and a top card slot, a middle card slot and a bottom card slot are respectively provided on the top, middle and bottom of the side panels;

[0028] A first plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot and the top card slot, and a second plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot and the bottom card slot.

[0029] Preferably, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell includes a semi-transparent perovskite solar cell, a semi-transparent quantum dot solar cell, a semi-transparent dye-sensitized solar cell or a semi-transparent organic solar cell.

[0030] Preferably, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell comprises, from top to bottom, an encapsulation layer, a first transparent electrode, an electron transport layer / hole transport layer, a light absorption layer, a hole transport layer / electron transport layer, a second transparent electrode and glass.

[0031] Preferably, the structure of the photothermal reflector is glass, reflective coating and supporting bottom layer from top to bottom;

[0032] The lower side of the bearing bottom layer is provided with a first layer of anti-rust paint, and / or a second layer of anti-rust paint, and / or a highly anti-ultraviolet acrylic layer.

[0033] Preferably, an encapsulation layer and an anti-reflection layer are sequentially provided on the upper side of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell;

[0034] Alternatively, an anti-reflection layer and an encapsulation layer are sequentially provided on the upper side of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell.

[0035] Beneficial effects:

[0036] Semi-transparent photovoltaic cells can absorb ultraviolet and visible light for a second time, improving the efficiency of photovoltaic cells. Infrared light is reflected to the collector of the solar thermal power station and absorbed by it for the next step of thermoelectric conversion. By detaching the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell from the first plug-in space and the solar thermal reflector from the second plug-in space, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, the solar thermal reflector and the mounting frame form a drawer-type structure. The drawer-type design can realize modular disassembly and assembly of the photovoltaic cell and the solar thermal reflector, making the maintenance and replacement of the system more convenient. The components of traditional photovoltaic and solar thermal integrated systems are mostly fixedly connected, which makes disassembly cumbersome and easy to damage the components. The drawer-type structure of the present invention greatly simplifies the disassembly and assembly process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 A two-dimensional schematic diagram of a fully enclosed drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure provided in the first embodiment of the present utility model;

[0039] Figure 2 A two-dimensional schematic diagram of a drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure without a top plate provided in the second specific embodiment of the present utility model;

[0040] Figure 3 A two-dimensional schematic diagram of a bottom plate drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure provided in the third specific embodiment of the present utility model;

[0041] Figure 4 A two-dimensional schematic diagram of a full-slot drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure provided in a fourth specific embodiment of the present utility model;

[0042] Figure 5 A structural form of a collaborative combination of an encapsulation layer and an anti-reflection layer provided in a specific embodiment of the utility model;

[0043] Figure 6 Another structural form of the collaborative combination of the encapsulation layer and the anti-reflection layer provided in the specific embodiment of the utility model;

[0044] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure provided in a specific embodiment of the utility model applied to a tower-type solar thermal power station;

[0045] Figure 8A drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present utility model is applied to a structural form of a plate-type solar thermal power station;

[0046] Figure 9 The drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure provided in the specific embodiment of the utility model is another structural form applied to a plate-type solar thermal power station;

[0047] Figure 10 A side view of a drawer-type photovoltaic / plate-type photothermal coupling system provided in a specific embodiment of the present utility model.

[0048] Description of reference numerals:

[0049] 1: Top plate, 2: Middle plate, 3: Bottom plate, 4: Photothermal reflector, 5: Semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, 6: Side plate, 7: Top slot, 8: Middle slot, 9: Bottom slot, 10: Sunlight, 11: Infrared light, 12: Collector, 13: Solar tracking system, 14: Anti-reflection layer, 15: Encapsulation layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0052] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the said features. In the description of the present utility model, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a communication between the two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0053] like Figure 1-10 As shown, this embodiment provides a solar thermal power station, which includes a collector and a plurality of drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structures, and the drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structures are distributed around the collector.

[0054] The drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure includes a mounting frame, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 and a photothermal reflector 4.

[0055] The mounting frame includes a first plug-in space and a second plug-in space that are stacked.

[0056] The translucent photovoltaic cell 5 is disposed in the first plug-in space, and the translucent photovoltaic cell 5 is detachably connected to the first plug-in space;

[0057] The photothermal reflector 4 is arranged in the second plug-in space, and the photothermal reflector 4 is detachably connected to the second plug-in space.

[0058] In this embodiment, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 absorbs short-wavelength ultraviolet light and visible light, and the transmitted short-wavelength ultraviolet light and visible light and all the long-wavelength infrared light 11 are reflected by the photothermal reflector 4 and pass through the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 again. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 absorbs ultraviolet light and visible light for a second time, thereby improving the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. The infrared light 11 is reflected to the collector 12 of the photothermal power station and absorbed by it for the next step of thermoelectric conversion. By disassembling the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 from the first plug-in space and the photothermal reflector 4 from the second plug-in space, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5, the photothermal reflector 4 and the mounting frame form a drawer-type structure. The drawer-type design can realize modular disassembly and assembly of the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 4, making the maintenance and replacement of the system more convenient. The components of traditional photovoltaic and photothermal integrated systems are mostly fixedly connected, which makes disassembly cumbersome and easy to damage the components. The drawer-type structure of the present invention greatly simplifies the disassembly and assembly process.

[0059] After using the slot-type fixation, users can quickly replace photovoltaic cells or solar thermal reflectors 4 components without complicated operations, effectively improving the service life and maintenance efficiency of the system.

[0060] In order to further illustrate the above-mentioned drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure, this embodiment also provides a specific implementation of the above-mentioned drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure, which is specifically shown below:

[0061] Implementation method one:

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, the drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure provided in this embodiment is a fully enclosed drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure. In this embodiment, the mounting frame includes a top plate 1, a middle plate 2, a bottom plate 3 and side plates 6.

[0063] Top plate 1 and bottom plate 3 are positioned opposite each other, connected on both sides by side plates 6. A middle plate 2 is positioned between the top and bottom plates 1 and 3, dividing the space between the two plates into a first insertion space and a second insertion space. A translucent photovoltaic cell 5 is positioned within the first insertion space, and a photothermal reflector 4 is positioned within the second insertion space.

[0064] Specifically, the all-inclusive drawer-type coupling structure includes a top plate 1 , a middle plate 2 , a bottom plate 3 , a photothermal reflector 4 , a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 and a side plate 6 .

[0065] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 includes a semi-transparent perovskite solar cell, a semi-transparent quantum dot solar cell, a semi-transparent dye-sensitized solar cell or a semi-transparent organic solar cell.

[0066] The specific structure of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 is, from top to bottom, the following: encapsulation layer 15, first transparent electrode, electron transport layer / hole transport layer, light absorption layer, hole transport layer / electron transport layer, second transparent electrode, and glass. This includes various possibilities, including the presence of all layers or the absence of some layers. Among them, one of the second and third layers, and one of the fifth and sixth layers may not be present.

[0067] The specific structure of the photothermal reflector 4 is, from top to bottom, glass, reflective coating, supporting base layer, first anti-rust paint layer, second anti-rust paint layer, and highly UV-resistant acrylic layer, including various possibilities of all layers being present or some layers being absent. Among them, the supporting base layer, one of the first and second anti-rust paint layers, and the highly UV-resistant acrylic layer may not be present.

[0068] The top plate 1 and the middle plate 2 are high-transmittance cover plates, the bottom plate 3 is a corrosion-resistant and well-supporting plate, and the material is not limited. The side plates 6 are corrosion-resistant and well-supporting opaque or transparent plates, and the material is not limited.

[0069] Specifically, the top plate 1 and middle plate 2 are made of high-transmittance materials (such as tempered glass or quartz glass), and have an anti-reflection coating applied to their surfaces to reduce reflection loss and improve transmittance. Anti-reflection coatings are typically made of low-refractive-index oxide materials (such as silicon dioxide) via vacuum evaporation or sputtering, with a thickness controlled between 50 and 200 nm to achieve maximum transmittance.

[0070] The bottom plate 3 is made of corrosion-resistant materials (such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel or special plastics), and is manufactured through extrusion or molding to have high supporting strength, and an anti-corrosion coating is coated on its surface.

[0071] Side panel 6: Opaque or transparent corrosion-resistant material is selected, and tempered glass, stainless steel, PVC, or polycarbonate can be selected as needed. Side panel 6 can be produced by injection molding or die extrusion process and coated with an anti-corrosion layer to enhance durability.

[0072] Working Principle: Sunlight 10 strikes the upper photovoltaic cells, which absorb visible and ultraviolet light and transmit infrared light 11 to the solar thermal reflector 4. This infrared light 11 is then reflected and used for solar thermal power generation. The enclosed structural design reduces environmental exposure between the photovoltaic cells and the solar thermal reflector 4, improving the system's stability, service life, and physical robustness.

[0073] The photothermal reflector 4 and the translucent photovoltaic cell 5 can be placed in an all-inclusive drawer structure for coupling. When sunlight 10 hits the coupling structure, the photovoltaic cell on the upper layer absorbs visible light and ultraviolet light, and the infrared light 11 that passes through reaches the photothermal reflective glass. The photothermal reflective glass reflects the infrared light 11 for photothermal power generation, making full use of the spectrum of sunlight 10 and improving the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic-photothermal coupling system. This all-inclusive coupling structure encapsulates the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflective glass, reducing their contact with the external environment and improving their service life and stability. In addition, this all-inclusive structure can also improve the physical stability of the structure.

[0074] In order to realize the rapid disassembly and replacement between the top plate 1, middle plate 2, bottom plate 3, photothermal reflector 4, and photovoltaic cells in the drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure, the utility model proposes the following detailed connection and disassembly scheme (the following schemes are similar to this):

[0075] (1) Connection between top plate 1 and photovoltaic cells

[0076] The edge of the top plate 1 is equipped with an integrated buckle or slide rail design, which matches the slot 7 on the top of the photovoltaic cell. The buckle is made of high temperature resistant and aging resistant materials to ensure stability in harsh outdoor environments.

[0077] Installation steps: When assembling, push the photovoltaic cell along the slide rail of the top plate 1 until the buckle is locked; when disassembling, release the photovoltaic cell by manually releasing the buckle or pushing and pulling the slide rail.

[0078] Advantages: The top plate 1 and the photovoltaic cells can be assembled and disassembled in a short time, simplifying the maintenance process.

[0079] (2) Connection between the middle plate 2 and the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 4

[0080] The middle plate 2 is connected to the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 4 via a quick connector. The connector can be a card slot or a magnetic adsorption design to ensure close and stable contact.

[0081] Installation steps: During the installation process, the photovoltaic cells and the photothermal reflectors 4 are respectively inserted into the slots of the middle plate 2, or are attached to the middle plate 2 by magnetic adsorption.

[0082] Advantages: This structure allows for quick assembly and disassembly between the middle plate 2 and the photovoltaic cells and photothermal reflectors 4, while reducing assembly errors.

[0083] (3) Support and quick disassembly structure of base plate 3

[0084] The bottom plate 3 plays the role of overall support and is connected to the side plates 6 through movable buckles to form a stable bottom structure. A push-pull slide rail is provided under the bottom plate 3 to bear the weight of the combined photothermal reflector 4 and photovoltaic cell.

[0085] Installation steps: After placing the solar thermal reflectors 4 and photovoltaic cells on the middle plate 2, push the entire assembly into the slide rails of the bottom plate 3 until the clips lock. For disassembly, the bottom plate 3 and its upper components can be quickly replaced by loosening the clips and easily sliding out the assembly.

[0086] Advantages: The bottom plate 3 has strong supporting force, and the entire drawer structure can be easily removed through the slide rail, which is convenient for subsequent maintenance and modular replacement.

[0087] (4) Movable slot design of side panel 6

[0088] The side panels 6 are designed with movable slots or mortise and tenon joints, and can be detachably coupled with the bottom panel 3 and the top panel 1 to form an integral closed structure. A protruding edge is designed on the side panels 6 to engage with the buckles or slide rails of the top panel 1 and the middle panel 2.

[0089] Installation steps: During assembly, after fixing the top plate 1, middle plate 2 and bottom plate 3, insert the side plates 6 into the corresponding slots and tighten them to achieve the closed structure of the entire drawer. When replacement is needed, only the side plates 6 need to be removed to open the structure.

[0090] Advantages: The movable slot design of the side panel 6 makes the overall structure more compact while having the convenience of modular design.

[0091] The above design realizes the rapid assembly and disassembly between the top plate 1, the middle plate 2, the bottom plate 3, the photothermal reflector 4 and the photovoltaic cells, greatly improving the maintainability and convenience of the system and adapting to the maintenance needs in various outdoor application scenarios.

[0092] Implementation method 2:

[0093] like Figure 2 As shown, the drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure provided in this embodiment is a drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure without a top plate 1. The mounting frame of this structure includes a middle plate 2, a bottom plate 3, side plates 6 and a top slot 7.

[0094] A side plate 6 is provided at each end of the bottom plate 3 , and a top slot 7 is provided at the end of the side plate 6 .

[0095] The middle plate 2 is arranged parallel to the bottom plate 3 and is located between the two side plates 6. A first insertion space is formed between the middle plate 2 and the top slot 7, and a second insertion space is formed between the middle plate 2 and the bottom plate 3. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 is arranged in the first insertion space, and the photothermal reflector 4 is arranged in the second insertion space.

[0096] Specifically, the drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure without a top plate 1 includes a middle plate 2, a bottom plate 3, a photothermal reflector 4, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5, a side plate 6 and a top slot 7.

[0097] The top slot 7 is made of a sturdy, transparent or opaque material and is used to secure the photovoltaic cells. This drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure without a top panel 1 allows the photovoltaic cells to receive more sunlight 10, reducing light loss from the top panel 1. The thermal reflective glass is encapsulated, reducing exposure to the external environment and improving service life and stability. Furthermore, this structure offers superior physical stability. The remaining details are consistent with the first embodiment and will not be further elaborated.

[0098] Specifically, the top card slot 7 is made of a corrosion-resistant and high-strength transparent or opaque material (such as PC or ABS plastic) through injection molding, and is coated with an anti-ultraviolet coating on its surface to improve its anti-aging performance.

[0099] The processing of the middle plate 2, bottom plate 3, photothermal reflector 4, photovoltaic cell and side plate 6 is the same as that of the full package structure. The photothermal reflector 4, photovoltaic cell and side plate 6 are arranged in a drawer-like structure, and the photovoltaic cell is fixed by the top slot 7 to ensure stability.

[0100] The middle plate 2 and the bottom plate 3 are installed by bonding or slotting to ensure the firmness and maintainability of the overall structure.

[0101] Design Features: The roofless design reduces obstruction of sunlight 10 by the roof, allowing the photovoltaic cells to receive more light, improving spectral utilization and the system's photoelectric conversion efficiency. The photothermal reflector 4 is enclosed in a drawer structure, preventing direct contact with the external environment and extending its service life and stability.

[0102] Applicable scenarios: Suitable for environments where it is necessary to maximize the use of sunlight 10.

[0103] Implementation method three:

[0104] like Figure 3 As shown, the drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure provided in this embodiment is a bottom plate 3 drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure. The mounting frame of the bottom plate 3 drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure includes a bottom plate 3, a side plate 6, a top slot 7 and a middle slot 8.

[0105] A side plate 6 is provided at each end of the bottom plate 3 , and a top slot 7 and a middle slot 8 are provided at the top and the middle of the side plate 6 , respectively.

[0106] A first insertion space is formed between the middle slot 8 and the bottom slot 9, and a second insertion space is formed between the middle slot 8 and the bottom plate 3. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 is arranged in the first insertion space, and the photothermal reflector 4 is arranged in the second insertion space.

[0107] Specifically, the drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure of the bottom plate 3 includes a bottom plate 3, a photothermal reflector 4, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5, a side plate 6, a top card slot 7 and a middle card slot 8.

[0108] The top and middle slots 7 and 8 are made of a sturdy, transparent or opaque material and are used to secure the photovoltaic cells. This drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure, without a top panel 1, allows for smoother light transmission between the photovoltaic cells and the thermal reflectors 4, reducing light loss from the top and middle panels 1 and 2, and improving energy conversion efficiency. The remaining details are consistent with those in the second embodiment and will not be further elaborated.

[0109] Specifically, the top and middle slots 7 and 8 are made of high-strength transparent or opaque materials, formed through injection molding or CNC machining to accommodate the dimensions of the photovoltaic cells and thermal reflectors 4. The photovoltaic cells, thermal reflectors 4, and side panels 6 are manufactured in the same manner as previously described. The photovoltaic cells and thermal reflectors 4 are secured within the middle and top slots 8 and 7, eliminating the need for top and middle panels 2. This ensures smoother light transmission and minimizes light loss.

[0110] Design features: The top plate 1 and the middle plate 2 are eliminated, making the light transmission between the photovoltaic cells and the photothermal reflectors 4 smoother, reducing light loss and improving energy conversion efficiency.

[0111] Applicable scenarios: Suitable for application environments that do not require cover protection but need to improve light transmission efficiency.

[0112] Implementation Method 4

[0113] like Figure 4 As shown, the drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure provided in this embodiment is a full-slot drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure, and the mounting frame of the full-slot drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure includes a side panel 6, a top slot 7, a middle slot 8 and a bottom slot 9.

[0114] The mounting frame includes two side panels 6 arranged opposite to each other, and a top card slot 7, a middle card slot 8 and a bottom card slot 9 are respectively provided on the top, middle and bottom of the side panels 6.

[0115] A first insertion space is formed between the middle slot 8 and the top slot 7, and a second insertion space is formed between the middle slot 8 and the bottom slot 9. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 is arranged in the first insertion space, and the photothermal reflector 4 is arranged in the second insertion space.

[0116] Specifically, the full-slot drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure includes a photothermal reflector 4, a translucent photovoltaic cell 5, a side panel 6, a top slot 7, a middle slot 8, and a bottom slot 9.

[0117] The top slot 7, middle slot 8, and bottom slot 9 are made of a sturdy, transparent or opaque material and are used to secure the translucent photovoltaic cell 5 and the solar thermal reflector 4. This all-slot drawer-style photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure saves materials and reduces coupling system costs. The remaining components are consistent with the third embodiment and will not be further described.

[0118] Specifically, the top slot 7, middle slot 8, and bottom slot 9 are all made of high-strength materials (such as PC or ABS plastic) through injection molding or CNC machining, and coated with a UV-resistant coating to ensure long-term stability. The photovoltaic cell and thermal reflector 4 are manufactured in the same manner as the full-enclosed drawer type. They are secured by the top, middle, and bottom slots 9, forming a full-slot structure.

[0119] Save materials and costs: Compared with other structures, the full-slot design reduces the material covered by the components, saving materials and lowering costs.

[0120] Applicable scenarios: Suitable for scenarios where cost reduction and material saving are required.

[0121] In the present application, the top plate 11 mentioned in the first embodiment can also be improved, that is, an anti-reflection film is prepared on the top plate 1. The anti-reflection film can effectively improve the transmittance of the sunlight 10, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency of the coupling system.

[0122] The specific setting method of the anti-reflection film on the top plate 1 is: depositing an anti-reflection film on the top plate 1 by vacuum evaporation or sputtering, such as SiO2, MgF2 and other materials, with a thickness controlled at 50-200nm to maximize the transmittance of visible light.

[0123] In the present application, the middle plate 2 mentioned in Embodiments 1 and 2 can also be improved by preparing a spectrally selective transflective layer on the middle plate 2. Its design can effectively distinguish different wavelengths in the spectrum of sunlight 10. This layer increases the transmittance of infrared light 11 and transmits it to the photothermal reflector 4 below. This layer also has high reflectivity for ultraviolet and visible light, reflecting this part of light energy back to the photovoltaic cell above for photoelectric conversion. This design ensures efficient utilization of the sunlight spectrum 10, realizes the division of labor and cooperation between photovoltaic and photothermal systems, and can significantly improve energy conversion efficiency.

[0124] The specific method of setting the spectrally selective reflective layer on the middle plate 2 is as follows: a spectrally selective reflective layer is prepared on the middle plate 2, and multilayer film technology is used to alternately deposit multiple layers of thin films such as TiO2 and SiO2, with the thickness controlled between 50-200nm, so as to improve the transmittance of infrared light 11 and the reflectivity of ultraviolet and visible light, and ensure efficient photovoltaic-photothermal synergistic utilization.

[0125] In the present application, the surface of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 in Embodiments 2, 3, and 4 can also be improved by adding an encapsulation layer 15 and an anti-reflection layer 14 to the surface of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5. These layers are used to protect the photovoltaic cell and increase the transmittance of sunlight 10. The encapsulation layer 15 is closely attached to the photovoltaic cell, and compared with the structure in Embodiment 1, it reduces air refraction and scattering between the cover plate and the photovoltaic cell, thereby improving light transmission.

[0126] The specific method for adding the encapsulation layer 15 and the anti-reflection layer 14 to the surface of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 is as follows: The encapsulation layer 15 is designed primarily to protect the light-absorbing layer and other functional layers within the photovoltaic cell from environmental contamination such as moisture, oxygen, and dust, thereby improving the durability and stability of the cell. Materials for the encapsulation layer 15 are generally selected to exhibit high transparency, UV resistance, weather resistance, and low water vapor transmission rate. Common materials include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF). Hot pressing: An EVA encapsulation film layer is applied to the photovoltaic cell and hot-pressed at high temperatures (approximately 130-150°C) and appropriate pressure to tightly bond the encapsulation film to the cell layers, forming a protective film. Vacuum lamination: The photovoltaic cell is laminated under a vacuum, where the encapsulation material is heated and adhered to the cell surface, thoroughly covering the photovoltaic module, preventing air bubbles and improving the encapsulation effect. The thickness of the encapsulation layer 15 is generally between 100 and 300 μm, ensuring encapsulation strength while minimizing light loss.

[0127] The function of the anti-reflection layer 14 is to reduce light reflection on the surface of the photovoltaic cell, improve light transmittance, and thus increase the light absorption efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. Common materials for the anti-reflection layer 14 include silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium oxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), etc. The anti-reflection film has a single-layer or multi-layer structure, and the light transmittance within the spectral range can be adjusted by combining different materials. Sol-gel method: Prepare SiO2 sol, evenly apply the sol to the surface of the photovoltaic cell, and then dry and heat-treat to form the anti-reflection layer 14, ensuring uniform film coverage and achieving the anti-reflection effect. Vacuum coating method: Using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD), anti-reflection materials such as TiO2 and Al2O3 are deposited on the surface of the photovoltaic cell in a vacuum environment. This method has high control precision and is suitable for the production of multi-layer anti-reflection structures. Spin coating method: Drop the anti-reflection material solution on the cell surface and spin it at high speed to evenly distribute the anti-reflection layer 14. Then, dry it to form the anti-reflection film. The thickness of the anti-reflection layer 14 is generally 50-150nm, which is suitable for anti-reflection adjustment of visible light. If a higher anti-reflection effect is required, a double-layer or triple-layer structure can be designed, with each layer having a different refractive index, thereby achieving a wide-spectrum anti-reflection effect.

[0128] Synergistic combination of the encapsulation layer 15 and the anti-reflection layer 14:

[0129] a. The anti-reflection layer 14 is located in the outermost layer (reference Figure 5 ), the encapsulation layer 15 is between the anti-reflection layer 14 and the photovoltaic cell. The high transmittance of the anti-reflection layer 14 minimizes the light loss of the sunlight 10 when it passes through the encapsulation layer 15, and the encapsulation layer 15 provides effective protection.

[0130] b. The encapsulation layer 15 is located at the outermost layer (refer to Figure 6 ), with the anti-reflection layer 14 positioned between the encapsulation layer 15 and the photovoltaic cell. The high light transmittance of the anti-reflection layer 14 minimizes light loss incident on the photovoltaic cell, while the encapsulation layer 15 provides effective protection. The anti-reflection layer 14 is applied to the photovoltaic cell surface, dried, and cured, followed by the encapsulation layer 15. This layer is then sealed to the outer layer through heat pressing or vacuum lamination, ensuring the integrity of the photovoltaic cell surface structure. This combination ensures that incident light reaches the cell's light absorption layer as much as possible. The anti-reflection layer 14 and encapsulation layer 15 work together to significantly improve the photovoltaic cell's photoelectric conversion efficiency and service life.

[0131] In summary, in response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, this utility model proposes four innovative drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structures, each of which can adapt to different application scenarios and system requirements to achieve the following goals:

[0132] 1. The drawer-type design allows for convenient replacement and maintenance of photovoltaic cells and thermal reflectors, thereby extending the overall service life of the system;

[0133] 2. Adopting optical designs such as multi-layer structure, anti-reflection coating, and spectrally selective transflective layer effectively improves spectral distribution efficiency, maximizes the synergy between photovoltaic and solar thermal, and improves the energy conversion efficiency of the system;

[0134] 3. Introducing corrosion-resistant materials and strengthening the support structure to improve the physical stability of the system so that it can adapt to harsh outdoor environments for a long time.

[0135] In this application, the first, second, third and fourth embodiments may be optimized: specifically, the quick disassembly and assembly steps of the entire drawer-type structure may be optimized:

[0136] To further simplify the maintenance process of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, this utility model also introduces a modular push-pull guide rail system, which allows the entire drawer structure to be quickly extracted and replaced. This system can be applied to both tower and panel-type solar thermal power plants, ensuring that the performance of the photovoltaic-thermal system is not affected after installation.

[0137] Steps include:

[0138] Insertion: After installing all components, insert the drawer into the guide rail and lock it with the snap.

[0139] Disassembly: After releasing the clips, smoothly pull the drawer structure out of the guide rails for component replacement or maintenance.

[0140] The above-mentioned translucent photovoltaic cell 5 and photothermal reflector 4 are both drawer components, and a guide rail is provided in the plug-in space of the mounting frame. The drawer component and the guide rail form a drawer structure, and the translucent photovoltaic cell 5 and photothermal reflector 4 cooperate with the mounting frame by plugging.

[0141] The CSP station is a tower CSP station, a plate CSP station or a trough CSP station.

[0142] This application also provides a specific application method of the drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure, as shown below:

[0143] The first application method:

[0144] like Figure 7 As shown, the above-mentioned drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure is applied to a tower-type solar thermal power station. Specifically, a plurality of evenly arranged drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structures are provided on the tower-type solar thermal power station.

[0145] When sunlight 10 strikes the novel photovoltaic cell, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 absorbs short-wavelength ultraviolet and visible light. The transmitted portion of the short-wavelength ultraviolet and visible light, along with all the long-wavelength infrared light 11, is reflected by the solar thermal reflector 4 and passes back through the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5. This secondary absorption of ultraviolet and visible light by the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 improves the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. The infrared light 11 is reflected by the collector 12 of the solar thermal power station and absorbed there for further thermoelectric conversion. Furthermore, the solar tracking system 13 adjusts the rotation angle so that sunlight 10 strikes the novel photovoltaic cell at the optimal angle.

[0146] The second application method:

[0147] like Figure 8 、 Figure 9 As shown, the above-mentioned drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure is applied to a plate-type solar thermal power station. The working principle is the same as the first application method. There are two types of plate-type solar thermal power stations. One is a parallel plate distribution (such as Figure 8 As shown), one is the oblique plate distribution (as shown Figure 9 The diagonal plate distribution has higher adaptability to different construction sites.

[0148] In order to further illustrate the above-mentioned drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure, this embodiment also provides a preparation process of the drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure, which is specifically shown below:

[0149] Precise coordination between the design, processing, and assembly of multiple parts is required to achieve a stable modular photovoltaic-thermal coupling system. The following are the specific preparation steps and key details of the drawer-type structure:

[0150] 1. Structural design and material selection

[0151] Design drawings: Draw detailed design drawings based on the specifications and functional requirements of the photovoltaic thermal coupling system to ensure that the size, thickness and relative position of each component can achieve the best optical effect and mechanical stability.

[0152] Material selection: Top panel 1, middle panel 2, bottom panel 3, side panels 6, and card slots require materials based on their respective optical, mechanical, and corrosion resistance requirements. For example, top panel 1 and middle panel 2 should be made of a high-transmittance material (such as tempered glass or quartz glass), while bottom panel 3 and side panels 6 should be made of a corrosion-resistant, high-strength material (such as stainless steel or specialty plastic).

[0153] 2. Component processing

[0154] Top and middle panels 1 and 2 are processed: Using tempered glass as the substrate, an antireflection coating is deposited on the surface via vacuum evaporation or sputtering to enhance light transmittance. After processing, top and middle panels 1 and 2 are treated with corrosion resistance (e.g., an aluminum oxide coating) to ensure stability even after prolonged exposure to the environment.

[0155] Bottom Plate 3 Processing: Bottom Plate 3 needs to provide support and corrosion resistance. Typically, aluminum alloy or stainless steel is processed using CNC cutting or die-casting processes to ensure good structural support.

[0156] Slot Processing: Top slot 7, middle slot 8, and bottom slot 9 are all injection-molded from a durable, transparent or opaque plastic material (such as PC or ABS). The slot dimensions must match the specifications of the photovoltaic cell and solar thermal reflector 4 to ensure secure and removable mounting.

[0157] 3. Fabrication of photovoltaic and solar thermal components

[0158] Preparation of a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5: Semi-transparent perovskite, quantum dots, or organic photovoltaic materials are sequentially deposited on a substrate. Each layer is deposited layer by layer using methods such as sputtering and spin coating. For example, a transparent electrode is deposited first, followed by an electron transport layer, a light absorption layer, a hole transport layer, and finally an encapsulation layer 15.

[0159] Preparation of the photothermal reflector 4: A glass substrate is selected, and a metal layer with high reflectivity (such as aluminum or silver) is first deposited. Then, an anti-rust paint and a high anti-ultraviolet layer are sequentially coated on the reflective layer to increase durability.

[0160] 4. Structural assembly

[0161] Assemble the slots with the base plate 3 and side panels 6: Connect the base plate 3, side panels 6, and slots with screws, snaps, or adhesive to form a stable frame structure. The connections between the components must be precisely controlled to ensure smooth insertion and removal of the photovoltaic and solar thermal modules.

[0162] Installing the photovoltaic cell and solar thermal reflector 4: Insert the photovoltaic cell and solar thermal reflector 4 into the prefabricated slots, one at a time. The top slot 7 and middle slot 8 secure the photovoltaic cell, while the bottom slot 9 secures the solar thermal reflector 4. The components slide into the slots using prefabricated rails, ensuring stability and maintainability during installation.

[0163] Sealing and testing: After assembly, the system is sealed, such as by adding sealing strips to joints, to prevent the ingress of dust and moisture. Photoelectric performance and durability testing are then conducted to ensure the structure remains stable and efficient during use.

[0164] 5. Quality Inspection and Optimization

[0165] Quality Inspection: The assembled drawer structure is thoroughly inspected for dimensional accuracy, sealing, optical performance, and stability. Fine-tuning or reassembly is performed if necessary to ensure that all components meet design requirements.

[0166] Optimization and Testing: Weather resistance and long-term stability tests are conducted to evaluate performance under different environmental conditions.

[0167] In summary, the drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure provided in this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0168] 1. The photovoltaic and thermal synergistic effects are significantly improved

[0169] This innovative drawer-type coupling design utilizes a rational spectral division and optical path optimization to effectively utilize visible and ultraviolet light for photovoltaic cell power generation, while directing infrared light 11 to the photothermal reflector 4 for thermal energy conversion. This structural division of labor improves the utilization efficiency of the sunlight spectrum 10, achieving an overall energy conversion efficiency of 30%-45%, a significant advantage over the 15%-20% of traditional single-photovoltaic systems and the 10%-15% of traditional single-photothermal systems.

[0170] 2. Convenient component maintenance and replacement

[0171] The drawer-style design allows for modular assembly and disassembly of the photovoltaic cells and the solar thermal reflectors 4, making system maintenance and replacement more convenient. Traditional photovoltaic and solar thermal integrated systems often have fixed components, making disassembly cumbersome and prone to damage. The drawer-style structure of this utility model significantly simplifies the assembly and disassembly process. With the slot-style mounting system, users can quickly replace the photovoltaic cells or solar thermal reflectors 4 without complex operations, effectively extending the system's service life and maintenance efficiency.

[0172] 3. Theoretical improvement of photoelectric and thermoelectric conversion efficiency

[0173] This utility model achieves efficient spectral separation and reflection control by employing an antireflection coating and a spectrally selective transflective layer. For example, the antireflection coating increases the transmittance of sunlight 10 through the top panel 1 or the middle panel 2, allowing more light energy to enter the system. The spectrally selective transflective layer provides high transmittance for infrared light 11 while also being highly reflective for ultraviolet and visible light. By combining the antireflection coating on the top panel 1 and the spectrally selective transflective layer, the photovoltaic module of this utility model achieves an ultraviolet and visible light absorption rate exceeding 85%, an increase of over 15% compared to the approximately 65%-70% of conventional structures.

[0174] 4. Extend component life and stability

[0175] This utility model utilizes an encapsulated design, effectively reducing direct contact between the photovoltaic cells and the solar thermal reflector 4 and the external environment, enhancing UV and corrosion resistance. For example, by applying a rust-proof coating and a high-UV-resistance coating to the reflector, environmental degradation and structural degradation are avoided. These features extend the lifespan of the photovoltaic and solar thermal components. Compared to existing technologies, this utility model is expected to extend component service life by over 30%.

[0176] 5. Material saving and cost control

[0177] The patented all-slot drawer structure reduces the use of frame materials and saves material costs by supporting photovoltaic and solar thermal components through a rational slot structure. Furthermore, the multiple structural options for different application scenarios allow for flexible adaptation to meet needs, thereby reducing unnecessary material waste and saving approximately 20% in manufacturing costs compared to existing integrated structures.

[0178] 6. Improved structural stability and weather resistance

[0179] The drawer-type design not only enhances the system's modularity but also improves the overall physical stability of the structure. In high winds or dusty environments, the drawer-type structure supports the photovoltaic and solar thermal components through the side panels 6 and bottom panel 3, maintaining system stability and increasing wind resistance. The encapsulation design also reduces the effects of dust and moisture on the components. Compared to the open structures of existing technologies, this new system offers superior stability in a variety of harsh environments.

[0180] The technical effects listed above are all significant improvements brought about by the drawer-type structure in this patent. Combined with actual operation and theoretical analysis, they have significant innovation and application value compared with the existing technology.

[0181] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar thermal power station, characterized in that: It includes a collector and multiple drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structures; The drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure is distributed around the collector; The drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure includes a mounting frame, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and a photothermal reflector; The mounting frame includes a first plug-in space and a second plug-in space that are stacked; The translucent photovoltaic cell is arranged in the first plug-in space, and the translucent photovoltaic cell is detachably connected to the first plug-in space; The photothermal reflector is arranged in the second plug-in space, and the photothermal reflector is detachably connected to the second plug-in space.

2. The solar thermal power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar thermal power station is a tower solar thermal power station, a plate solar thermal power station or a trough solar thermal power station.

3. The solar thermal power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting frame includes a top plate, a middle plate, a bottom plate and side plates; The top plate and the bottom plate are arranged opposite to each other, and the two sides of the top plate and the bottom plate are connected by side plates; A middle plate is provided between the top plate and the bottom plate, and the middle plate divides the space between the top plate and the bottom plate into a first plug-in space and a second plug-in space.

4. The solar thermal power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting frame includes a middle plate, a bottom plate, side plates and a top slot; A side plate is provided at each end of the bottom plate, and a top slot is provided at the end of the side plate; The middle plate is arranged parallel to the bottom plate, and is located between the two side plates; A first plug-in space is formed between the middle plate and the top slot, and a second plug-in space is formed between the middle plate and the bottom plate.

5. The CSP plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting frame includes a bottom plate, side plates, a top slot and a middle slot; A side plate is provided at each end of the bottom plate, and a top card slot and a middle card slot are provided at the top and the middle of the side plate respectively; A first plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot and the bottom card slot, and a second plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot and the bottom plate.

6. The CSP plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting frame includes side panels, a top card slot, a middle card slot, and a bottom card slot; The mounting frame includes two side panels arranged opposite to each other, and a top card slot, a middle card slot and a bottom card slot are respectively provided on the top, middle and bottom of the side panels; A first plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot and the top card slot, and a second plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot and the bottom card slot.

7. The CSP plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell includes a semi-transparent perovskite solar cell, a semi-transparent quantum dot solar cell, a semi-transparent dye-sensitized solar cell or a semi-transparent organic solar cell.

8. The CSP plant according to claim 7, characterized in that: The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell comprises, from top to bottom, an encapsulation layer, a first transparent electrode, an electron transport layer / hole transport layer, a light absorption layer, a hole transport layer / electron transport layer, a second transparent electrode and glass.

9. The CSP plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the photothermal reflector is glass, reflective coating and supporting bottom layer from top to bottom; The lower side of the bearing bottom layer is provided with a first layer of anti-rust paint, and / or a second layer of anti-rust paint, and / or a highly anti-ultraviolet acrylic layer.

10. The CSP plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper side of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is provided with an encapsulation layer and an anti-reflection layer in sequence; Alternatively, an anti-reflection layer and an encapsulation layer are sequentially provided on the upper side of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell.

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