Multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer and spectrometer system

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model provides a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer and a spectrometer system.The multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer comprises a first signal conditioning unit, a second signal conditioning unit and a digital processing unit, a signal conditioning circuit of the first signal conditioning unit is used for conditioning a first detected nuclear pulse signal, and a signal conditioning circuit of the second signal conditioning unit is used for conditioning a second detected nuclear pulse signal; a signal conditioning circuit of the second signal conditioning unit is used for conditioning a second detected nuclear pulse signal; the digital processing unit is used for processing the conditioned first detected nuclear pulse signal and the conditioned second detected nuclear pulse signal to obtain a pulse processing result; the first signal conditioning unit comprises a plurality of different types of signal conditioning circuits; and / or the second signal conditioning unit comprises a plurality of different types of signal conditioning circuits. The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the utility model can be adapted to different types of signal sources and signal characteristics, so that efficient and accurate nuclear pulse signal analysis is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of nuclear radiation monitoring, and in particular to a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer and spectrometer system. Background Art

[0002] In related technologies, nuclear pulse signals output by different detectors vary significantly. When a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer receives nuclear pulse signals from different detectors, it often struggles to adapt to the varying signal characteristics and, therefore, cannot accurately process the diverse nuclear pulse signals, resulting in inaccurate measurement results or inefficient analysis. Utility Model Content

[0003] The embodiments of the present application provide a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer and spectrometer system to solve or alleviate one or more technical problems in the prior art.

[0004] As one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, the embodiment of the present application provides a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer, including: a first signal conditioning unit, a second signal conditioning unit and a digital processing unit, the first signal conditioning unit and the second signal conditioning unit both include a signal conditioning circuit, the signal conditioning circuit of the first signal conditioning unit is used to condition the first measured nuclear pulse signal, and the signal conditioning circuit of the second signal conditioning unit is used to condition the second measured nuclear pulse signal; the digital processing unit is connected to the signal conditioning circuit of the first signal conditioning unit and to the signal conditioning circuit of the second signal conditioning unit, the digital processing unit is used to process the conditioned first measured nuclear pulse signal and the second measured nuclear pulse signal to obtain a pulse processing result; wherein, the first signal conditioning unit includes multiple different types of signal conditioning circuits; and / or the second signal conditioning unit includes multiple different types of signal conditioning circuits.

[0005] In one embodiment, the plurality of different types of signal conditioning circuits include at least two of an impedance matching circuit, an attenuation circuit, a pole-zero cancellation circuit, a linear amplification circuit, and a baseline adjustment circuit.

[0006] In one embodiment, the multiple different types of signal conditioning circuits include an impedance matching circuit, an attenuation circuit, a pole-zero cancellation circuit, a linear amplifier circuit, and a baseline adjustment circuit; wherein the attenuation circuit is connected between the impedance matching circuit and the pole-zero cancellation circuit, the pole-zero cancellation circuit is connected between the attenuation circuit and the linear amplifier circuit, and the linear amplifier circuit is connected between the pole-zero cancellation circuit and the baseline adjustment circuit.

[0007] In one embodiment, the number of the signal conditioning circuits in the first signal conditioning unit is the same as the number of the signal conditioning circuits in the second signal conditioning unit.

[0008] In one embodiment, the signal conditioning circuit of the first signal conditioning unit is of the same type as the signal conditioning circuit of the second signal conditioning unit.

[0009] In one embodiment, the digital processing unit is further configured to adjust parameters of the signal conditioning circuit.

[0010] In one embodiment, the multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer also includes a first analog-to-digital converter and a second analog-to-digital converter, the first analog-to-digital converter is connected between the digital processing unit and the signal conditioning circuit of the first signal conditioning unit; the second analog-to-digital converter is connected between the digital processing unit and the signal conditioning circuit of the second signal conditioning unit.

[0011] In one embodiment, the digital processing unit is further configured to provide a synchronous clock signal to the first analog-to-digital converter and the second analog-to-digital converter, respectively.

[0012] In one embodiment, the multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer further includes a control unit, the input end of which is connected to the digital processing unit, and the control unit is used to perform energy spectrum measurement based on the pulse processing result; and a communication interface is connected to the output end of the control unit.

[0013] As another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, the embodiments of the present application further provide a spectrometer system, comprising the multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer of any one of the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0014] The embodiment of the present application adopts the above technical solution to enable the multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer to adapt to different types of signal sources and signal characteristics, thereby achieving efficient and accurate nuclear pulse signal analysis.

[0015] The above summary is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments and features described above, further aspects, embodiments and features of the present application will be readily apparent by reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals throughout the multiple drawings represent the same or similar components or elements. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. It should be understood that these drawings only depict some embodiments disclosed in this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application.

[0017] Figure 1 FIG2 shows an architecture diagram of a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic side view of the structure of a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 A diagram showing an application example of a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 4 FIG2 shows an architecture diagram of a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 5 FIG2 shows an architecture diagram of a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 6 A diagram showing an application example of a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Description of reference numerals:

[0024] 100: First signal conditioning unit; 111: Impedance matching circuit; 112: Attenuation circuit; 113: Pole-zero cancellation circuit; 114: Linear amplification circuit; 115: Baseline adjustment circuit; 200: Second signal conditioning unit; 300: Digital processing unit; 400: First analog-to-digital converter; 500: Second analog-to-digital converter; 600: Control unit; 700: Communication interface; 800: High-voltage module; 900: Analog power supply. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Hereinafter, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the described embodiments may be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.

[0026] The multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer is a key component of the spectrometer system, and its performance directly affects the energy spectrum measurement results. The development of multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzers has undergone a transition from analog multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzers to digital multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzers. Currently, digital multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzers have become the mainstream on the market. Compared with traditional analog multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzers, the architecture of digital multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzers is more flexible. With the development of measurement technology, multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzers are not only used to obtain ray amplitude distribution data, but can also be used to obtain ray temporal and spatial distributions, perform coincidence / anti-coincidence operations, and so on.

[0027] The following combination Figures 1-6 The multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application is described. The multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer in the embodiment of the present application may be a digital multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer.

[0028] Figure 1 FIG. 1 shows an architecture diagram of a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer includes a first signal conditioning unit 100 , a second signal conditioning unit 200 and a digital processing unit 300 .

[0029] Specifically, the first signal conditioning unit 100 and the second signal conditioning unit 200 each include a signal conditioning circuit. The signal conditioning circuit of the first signal conditioning unit 100 is used to condition the first measured nuclear pulse signal, thereby optimizing the first measured nuclear pulse signal, ensuring that the first measured nuclear pulse signal remains stable during transmission, reducing the effects of distortion or noise, and improving the accuracy of data acquisition and analysis. The signal conditioning circuit of the second signal conditioning unit 200 is used to condition the second measured nuclear pulse signal, thereby optimizing the second measured nuclear pulse signal, ensuring that the second measured nuclear pulse signal also remains stable during transmission, reducing the effects of distortion or noise, and improving the accuracy of data acquisition and analysis.

[0030] Figure 2 FIG. 5 is a side structural diagram of a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer may include a first signal channel and a second signal channel that are isolated from each other. The input end of the first signal channel is the first input port SIG1, and the input end of the second signal channel is the second input port SIG2. The first nuclear pulse signal to be measured may be output by a first signal source and input into the first signal conditioning unit 100 through the first input port SIG1. The second nuclear pulse signal to be measured may be output by a second signal source and input into the second signal conditioning unit 200 through the second input port SIG2. The first signal source and the second signal source may be the same signal source or different signal sources. For example, the first signal source and the second signal source may be detectors.

[0031] Therefore, the multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer of the embodiment of the present application can be a dual-channel multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer, which can simultaneously receive and process the first measured nuclear pulse signal and the second measured nuclear pulse signal, so that more data can be obtained in the same time, reducing the measurement time and improving the measurement efficiency. Moreover, the dual-channel multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer can allow coincidence measurement, that is, it can determine whether the two detectors detect the same event at the same time or in a very short time, thereby significantly reducing background noise and improving the accuracy of the signal. In addition, the first measured nuclear pulse signal and the second measured nuclear pulse signal can come from two different types of signal sources such as detectors, so the multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer can flexibly adapt to different types of detectors and signal characteristics.

[0032] The digital processing unit 300 is connected to the signal conditioning circuit of the first signal conditioning unit 100 and to the signal conditioning circuit of the second signal conditioning unit 200. The digital processing unit 300 is used to process the conditioned first measured nuclear pulse signal and the second measured nuclear pulse signal to obtain a pulse processing result.

[0033] For example, the pulse processing results may include pulse amplitude information for the first and second measured nuclear pulse signals. The digital processing unit 300 may be a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and may include logic modules, triggers, a programmable interconnect network, a digital signal processing module, and a storage module (not shown). The logic module can be used to classify and process pulse signals (such as the first and second measured nuclear pulse signals) and perform various logical operations, such as determining the amplitude and timing characteristics of the pulse signals. The triggers can store processed pulse amplitude information, ensuring that the data is transmitted to the next processing unit or output to an external device at the appropriate clock cycle. The programmable interconnect network allows users to flexibly adjust the pulse signal processing path, allowing data to be processed according to specific timing and sequence to meet different experimental requirements. The digital signal processing module can be used for high-precision signal analysis, such as performing advanced processing such as filtering, integration, and differentiation on the pulse signal, to more accurately extract key information such as pulse amplitude. The storage module can be used to store pulse data, such as intermediate processing results and pulse counts, and can also be used to buffer collected data for subsequent processing or transmission.

[0034] The first signal conditioning unit 100 includes multiple different types of signal conditioning circuits; and / or the second signal conditioning unit 200 includes multiple different types of signal conditioning circuits. That is, the first signal conditioning unit 100 may include multiple different types of signal conditioning circuits, while the second signal conditioning unit 200 includes only one type of signal conditioning circuit; or the second signal conditioning unit 200 may include multiple different types of signal conditioning circuits, while the first signal conditioning unit 100 includes only one type of signal conditioning circuit; or the first signal conditioning unit 100 may include multiple different types of signal conditioning circuits, while the second signal conditioning unit 200 includes multiple different types of signal conditioning circuits. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more types.

[0035] In this embodiment, when the first signal conditioning unit 100 includes multiple different types of signal conditioning circuits, the first signal conditioning unit 100 can adapt to different first measured nuclear pulse signals. When the characteristics of different first measured nuclear pulse signals vary greatly, it can ensure that each first measured nuclear pulse signal is correctly processed and measured without distortion or loss of key information, thereby improving the compatibility and measurement accuracy of the multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer and achieving efficient and accurate nuclear pulse signal analysis. When the second signal conditioning unit 200 includes multiple different types of signal conditioning circuits, the second signal conditioning unit 200 can adapt to different second measured nuclear pulse signals. When the characteristics of different second measured nuclear pulse signals vary greatly, it can ensure that each second measured nuclear pulse signal is correctly processed and measured without distortion or loss of key information, thereby improving the compatibility and measurement accuracy of the multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer and achieving efficient and accurate nuclear pulse signal analysis.

[0036] According to the multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer of the embodiment of the present application, by setting up a first signal conditioning unit 100 and a second signal conditioning unit 200, and at least one of the first signal conditioning unit 100 and the second signal conditioning unit 200 includes a plurality of different types of signal conditioning circuits, it can adapt to different types of signal sources and signal characteristics, thereby achieving efficient and accurate nuclear pulse signal analysis.

[0037] Figure 3 An example diagram of an application of a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 3 The multiple different types of signal conditioning circuits can include at least two of the impedance matching circuit 111, the attenuation circuit 112, the pole-zero cancellation circuit 113, the linear amplification circuit 114, and the baseline adjustment circuit 115. That is, when the first signal conditioning unit 100 includes multiple different types of signal conditioning circuits, the first signal conditioning unit 100 includes at least two of the impedance matching circuit 111, the attenuation circuit 112, the pole-zero cancellation circuit 113, the linear amplification circuit 114, and the baseline adjustment circuit 115; and when the second signal conditioning unit 200 includes multiple different types of signal conditioning circuits, the second signal conditioning unit 200 includes at least two of the impedance matching circuit 111, the attenuation circuit 112, the pole-zero cancellation circuit 113, the linear amplification circuit 114, and the baseline adjustment circuit 115. This allows for effective processing of differentiated nuclear pulse signals, ensuring measurement accuracy.

[0038] Among them, the impedance matching circuit 111 can select a suitable matching impedance according to the input nuclear pulse signal impedance, thereby maximizing signal transmission efficiency and reducing signal reflection or distortion. The attenuation circuit 112 can linearly attenuate the input nuclear pulse signal and select the attenuation ratio according to the amplitude of the nuclear pulse signal, thereby avoiding distortion or measurement errors caused by excessive amplitude of the nuclear pulse signal. The pole-zero cancellation circuit 113 can narrow the exponential pulse width to reduce the probability of pulse pile-up, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the measurement. The linear amplification circuit 114 can linearly amplify the input nuclear pulse signal and select the amplification factor according to the amplitude of the nuclear pulse signal, thereby enhancing the strength of the nuclear pulse signal so that the weak signal can be processed by subsequent circuits. The baseline adjustment circuit 115 can adjust the baseline of the nuclear pulse signal to ensure that the starting point of the nuclear pulse signal is consistent, which helps to improve the accuracy of the measurement.

[0039] In one embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the multiple different types of signal conditioning circuits include an impedance matching circuit 111, an attenuation circuit 112, a pole-zero cancellation circuit 113, a linear amplifier circuit 114, and a baseline adjustment circuit 115. That is, when the first signal conditioning unit 100 includes multiple different types of signal conditioning circuits, the first signal conditioning unit 100 includes the impedance matching circuit 111, the attenuation circuit 112, the pole-zero cancellation circuit 113, the linear amplifier circuit 114, and the baseline adjustment circuit 115; when the second signal conditioning unit 200 includes multiple different types of signal conditioning circuits, the second signal conditioning unit 200 includes the impedance matching circuit 111, the attenuation circuit 112, the pole-zero cancellation circuit 113, the linear amplifier circuit 114, and the baseline adjustment circuit 115. This configuration allows for adaption to nuclear pulse signals of varying amplitudes, polarities, and time constants, even when the input nuclear pulse signals (the first or second measured nuclear pulse signal) have significant differences in amplitude, polarity (positive or negative), and time constant (pulse duration).

[0040] In one example, the impedance matching circuit 111 may include at least one of an input matching network, an amplifier, a transformer, a tuning circuit, a filter, a transmission line, and a load matching module (not shown). The input matching network may include an L-type, π-type, or T-type matching network composed of capacitors and inductors to adjust the impedance of the input nuclear pulse signal to match the characteristic impedance of the signal source (e.g., a detector), reduce reflection loss, and enhance signal transmission. The amplifier can increase the amplitude of the nuclear pulse signal while ensuring impedance matching between the amplifier input and the preceding circuit. The transformer is used to transform the impedance of the nuclear pulse signal to accommodate different circuit components. The tuning circuit may include adjustable inductors or capacitors to achieve optimal impedance matching at different frequencies. The filter is used to eliminate unnecessary frequency components to ensure the integrity of the nuclear pulse signal. The transmission line can reduce signal reflection and loss. The load matching module ensures that the load has an impedance that matches that of the preceding circuit for optimal signal transmission.

[0041] In one example, the attenuation circuit 112 may include at least one of a fixed attenuator, an adjustable attenuator, a combined amplifier and attenuator module, a digital attenuator, and a transformer (not shown). A fixed attenuator may include a voltage divider circuit composed of resistors, providing a fixed attenuation ratio to reduce the amplitude of the nuclear pulse signal. An adjustable attenuator may include an adjustable resistor (such as a potentiometer) or a variable resistor network, allowing the user to adjust the attenuation as needed to accommodate nuclear pulse signals of varying strengths. The combined amplifier and attenuator module utilizes a combination of an amplifier and an attenuation network, for example, by adding a resistor to the amplifier's feedback loop, to flexibly adjust between signal amplification and attenuation to achieve the optimal nuclear pulse signal amplitude. A digital attenuator controls the attenuation using a digital signal, offering greater precision and adjustability. The transformer may provide electrical isolation and reduce the signal amplitude as needed.

[0042] In one example, the pole-zero cancellation circuit 113 may include at least one of a feedback circuit, an RC filter, a compensation circuit, a digital signal processing module, and a phase compensation network (not shown). The feedback circuit can utilize the feedback configuration of an operational amplifier and adjust the positions of poles and zeros by selecting an appropriate feedback network (such as an RC network). This allows feedback to control the gain and phase characteristics of the circuit and achieve pole-zero cancellation. The RC filter can include resistors (R) and capacitors (C). Adjusting the values ​​of the RC elements changes the frequency response of the circuit, helping to eliminate or reduce poles and zeros at specific frequencies. The compensation circuit can adjust the frequency response of the circuit by introducing compensation elements (such as resistors, capacitors, or inductors) to reduce the impact of unwanted poles on system performance. The digital signal processing module can optimize signal processing to eliminate pole-zero issues through techniques such as digital filtering and phase correction. The phase compensation network can be composed of a combination of RC or RL elements, ensuring that the signal's phase response remains stable within a specific frequency range and reducing phase distortion.

[0043] In one example, the linear amplifier circuit 114 may include at least one of an operational amplifier circuit, a differential amplifier, a transistor amplifier, an integrated amplifier, a multi-stage amplifier, and a feedback network (not shown). The operational amplifier circuit may include an inverting or non-inverting amplifier configured using an operational amplifier. Gain resistors can be configured to provide stable gain while maintaining signal linearity. A differential amplifier may be constructed from multiple operational amplifiers or resistor networks to amplify differential signals, thereby eliminating common-mode noise and improving the signal-to-noise ratio. A transistor amplifier may use a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) or metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) as its core component, configured as a common emitter (common source) or common collector (common source) amplifier to provide gain in high-frequency applications. An integrated amplifier may employ a dedicated integrated circuit (such as an instrumentation amplifier) ​​for amplification, providing high gain, high input impedance, and low output impedance. A multi-stage amplifier may include multiple amplifiers connected in cascade to achieve high gain while maintaining good linearity. The feedback network may include feedback resistors, which control the amplifier's gain through the feedback resistor configuration to improve stability, reduce distortion, and maintain the amplifier's linear response.

[0044] In one example, the baseline adjustment circuit 115 may include an operational amplifier circuit, a potentiometer, a high-pass filter, a digital baseline adjustment module, a bias circuit, and an integrated circuit (not shown). The operational amplifier circuit can be configured as a differential amplifier or adder using an operational amplifier to ensure a stable baseline for the output signal by adjusting gain and offset. The potentiometer can provide manual baseline adjustment, allowing users to adjust as needed. The high-pass filter can eliminate low-frequency drift and noise, ensuring that the signal baseline is stable within the desired frequency range. The digital baseline adjustment module can dynamically adjust the baseline using an algorithm to compensate for baseline drift in the signal in real time. The bias circuit can use an additional power supply or resistor network to provide a fixed bias for the nuclear pulse signal, ensuring that the signal is within the appropriate voltage range to avoid confusion with the baseline. The integrated circuit can automatically adjust the baseline, simplifying circuit design.

[0045] The attenuation circuit 112 is connected between the impedance matching circuit 111 and the pole-zero cancellation circuit 113 , the pole-zero cancellation circuit 113 is connected between the attenuation circuit 112 and the linear amplifier circuit 114 , and the linear amplifier circuit 114 is connected between the pole-zero cancellation circuit 113 and the baseline adjustment circuit 115 .

[0046] For example, in Figure 3 In this example, the input of attenuation circuit 112 is connected to the output of impedance matching circuit 111, and the output of attenuation circuit 112 is connected to the input of pole-zero cancellation circuit 113. The input of linear amplifier circuit 114 is connected to the output of pole-zero cancellation circuit 113, and the output of linear amplifier circuit 114 is connected to the input of baseline adjustment circuit 115. After inputting the multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer, the nuclear pulse signal (the first measured nuclear pulse signal or the second measured nuclear pulse signal) first passes through impedance matching circuit 111 to ensure impedance matching between the signal source and the load, minimizing signal reflection and loss. The nuclear pulse signal output from impedance matching circuit 111 is input to attenuation circuit 112 to reduce the nuclear pulse signal strength and prevent saturation and distortion in subsequent circuits. The nuclear pulse signal output from attenuation circuit 112 is input to pole-zero cancellation circuit 113 to eliminate noise or interference and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The nuclear pulse signal output from pole-zero cancellation circuit 113 is input to linear amplifier circuit 114 to amplify the processed nuclear pulse signal to a level suitable for subsequent processing. The nuclear pulse signal output from the linear amplification circuit 114 is input to the baseline adjustment circuit 115 to adjust the DC bias of the nuclear pulse signal to ensure that the signal is within an appropriate range to facilitate subsequent digitization or analysis.

[0047] In this embodiment, the nuclear pulse signal input to the multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer can be input into the impedance matching circuit 111, the attenuation circuit 112, the pole-zero cancellation circuit 113, the linear amplification circuit 114 and the baseline adjustment circuit 115 in sequence. This signal conditioning sequence allows the conditioning process of each signal conditioning circuit to lay a good foundation for the conditioning process of the next signal conditioning circuit, thereby improving the overall quality and stability of the nuclear pulse signal.

[0048] In one embodiment, the number of signal conditioning circuits in the first signal conditioning unit 100 and the number of signal conditioning circuits in the second signal conditioning unit 200 may be the same. Figure 3 In the example of FIG, the number of signal conditioning circuits in the first signal conditioning unit 100 and the number of signal conditioning circuits in the second signal conditioning unit 200 are both five.

[0049] In this embodiment, by making the number of signal conditioning circuits of the first signal conditioning unit 100 and the number of signal conditioning circuits of the second signal conditioning unit 200 the same, the first signal conditioning unit 100 and the second signal conditioning unit 200 can both include a variety of different types of signal conditioning circuits, so that the first signal conditioning unit 100 and the second signal conditioning unit 200 can both adapt to different nuclear pulse signals, ensuring that different nuclear pulse signals can be correctly processed and measured without distortion or loss of key information, thereby improving the compatibility and measurement accuracy of the multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer and realizing efficient and accurate nuclear pulse signal analysis.

[0050] In one embodiment, the signal conditioning circuit of the first signal conditioning unit 100 and the signal conditioning circuit of the second signal conditioning unit 200 may be of the same type. Figure 3 In the example, the first signal conditioning unit 100 and the second signal conditioning unit 200 both include an impedance matching circuit 111 , an attenuation circuit 112 , a pole-zero cancellation circuit 113 , a linear amplification circuit 114 and a baseline adjustment circuit 115 .

[0051] In this embodiment, by making the signal conditioning circuit of the first signal conditioning unit 100 and the signal conditioning circuit of the second signal conditioning unit 200 the same type, the first signal conditioning unit 100 and the second signal conditioning unit 200 have the same processing performance for the nuclear pulse signal, thereby improving the comparability and consistency of the measurement results between different channels. Moreover, a unified method can be used to calibrate the signal conditioning circuit of the first signal conditioning unit 100 and the signal conditioning circuit of the second signal conditioning unit 200, reducing the complexity of individual debugging and making troubleshooting more efficient. In addition, the first signal conditioning unit 100 and the second signal conditioning unit 200 configured in this way can have the same gain and noise characteristics, thereby better improving the signal-to-noise ratio and ensuring high-quality signal output.

[0052] In one embodiment, combined Figure 3 The digital processing unit 300 can also be used to adjust the parameters of the signal conditioning circuit to achieve optimal signal processing performance and meet the user's different measurement requirements. For example, the digital processing unit 300 can adjust the parameters of the signal conditioning circuit through digital parameter control. The parameters of the signal conditioning circuit may include gain, filter frequency, pulse width, etc.

[0053] Figure 4 FIG. 1 shows an architecture diagram of a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to another embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 As shown, the multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer may further include a first analog-to-digital converter 400 and a second analog-to-digital converter 500. The first analog-to-digital converter 400 is connected between the digital processing unit 300 and the signal conditioning circuit of the first signal conditioning unit 100. The second analog-to-digital converter 500 is connected between the digital processing unit 300 and the second signal conditioning unit 100. Exemplarily, when the first signal conditioning unit 100 and / or the second signal conditioning unit 200 includes a baseline adjustment circuit, the baseline adjustment circuit can adjust the baseline of the nuclear pulse signal to always meet the dynamic range requirements of the corresponding analog-to-digital converter (i.e., the first analog-to-digital converter 400 or the second analog-to-digital converter 500).

[0054] Thus, after being conditioned by the signal conditioning circuit of the first signal conditioning unit 100, the first measured nuclear pulse signal is input to the first analog-to-digital converter 400. The first analog-to-digital converter 400 can convert the first measured nuclear pulse signal from analog to digital form, and then output it to the digital processing unit 300, so that the digital processing unit 300 can process the digital form of the first measured nuclear pulse signal. After being conditioned by the signal conditioning circuit of the second signal conditioning unit 200, the second measured nuclear pulse signal is input to the second analog-to-digital converter 500. The second analog-to-digital converter 500 can convert the second measured nuclear pulse signal from analog to digital form, and then output it to the digital processing unit 300, so that the digital processing unit 300 can process the digital form of the second measured nuclear pulse signal.

[0055] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG4 , the digital processing unit 300 may also be configured to provide a synchronous clock signal to each of the first ADC 400 and the second ADC 500. In this way, the first ADC 400 and the second ADC 500 can receive the sampling signal at the same time, ensuring that the first ADC 400 and the second ADC 500 perform data acquisition simultaneously, thereby avoiding measurement errors caused by time asynchrony.

[0056] Figure 5FIG. 1 shows an architecture diagram of a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to another embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 As shown, the multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer may further include a control unit 600 and a communication interface 700. The input end of the control unit 600 is connected to the digital processing unit 300, and the control unit 600 is used to perform energy spectrum measurement based on the pulse processing results. The communication interface 700 is connected to the output end of the control unit 600.

[0057] Figure 6 An example diagram of an application of a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. In one example, Figure 6 As shown, the multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer can also include a high voltage module 800 and an analog power supply 900. The high voltage module 800 is used to provide a high voltage for a signal source such as a detector to ensure its normal operation, sensitivity and detection efficiency. The analog power supply 900 is used to provide a stable power supply. Figure 2 The multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer may further include a first high-voltage output port HV1, a second high-voltage output port HV2, a first low-voltage output port LV1, and a second low-voltage output port LV2. Each high-voltage module 800 outputs a high voltage through its corresponding high-voltage output port (i.e., the first high-voltage output port HV1 or the second high-voltage output port HV2). Each analog power supply 900 outputs a low voltage through its corresponding low-voltage output port (i.e., the first low-voltage output port LV1 or the second low-voltage output port LV2) to power the detector's preamplifier.

[0058] Thus, by providing a control unit 600 and a communication interface 700, the nuclear pulse signal (the first measured nuclear pulse signal or the second measured nuclear pulse signal) is conditioned by the signal conditioning circuit of the corresponding signal conditioning unit (the first signal conditioning unit 100 or the second signal conditioning unit 200) before being input into the corresponding analog-to-digital converter (the first analog-to-digital converter 400 or the second analog-to-digital converter 500). The analog-to-digital converter converts the nuclear pulse signal from analog to digital form, which is then output to the digital processing unit 300. The digital processing unit 300 processes the digital nuclear pulse signal to obtain a pulse processing result. The pulse processing result can be input into the control unit 600 to perform energy spectrum measurement and ultimately output via the communication interface 700. For example, the control unit 600 may be an embedded microprocessor, but is not limited thereto.

[0059] According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present application, a spectrometer system includes a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to any of the aforementioned embodiments. For example, the spectrometer system may further include a detector configured to detect physical phenomena (such as radiation), convert them into electrical signals, and convert the detected signals into analog nuclear pulse signals (i.e., analog nuclear pulse signals). The multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer is configured to receive the analog nuclear pulse signals from the detector and perform conditioning, analog-to-digital conversion, and analysis.

[0060] Other components of the multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer and spectrometer system in the above embodiment can adopt various technical solutions known to ordinary technicians in this field now and in the future, and will not be described in detail here.

[0061] In the description of this specification, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0062] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or to implicitly indicate the quantity of the technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0063] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, terms such as "installed," "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0064] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0065] The disclosure above provides many different embodiments or examples for realizing different structures of the present application. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present application, the components and settings of specific examples are described above. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present application. In addition, the present application may repeat reference numbers and / or reference letters in different examples. Such repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed.

[0066] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and such modifications or substitutions should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer, characterized in that: comprising a first signal conditioning unit, a second signal conditioning unit and a digital processing unit, The first signal conditioning unit and the second signal conditioning unit both include a signal conditioning circuit, the signal conditioning circuit of the first signal conditioning unit is used to condition the first nuclear pulse signal to be measured, and the signal conditioning circuit of the second signal conditioning unit is used to condition the second nuclear pulse signal to be measured; The digital processing unit is connected to the signal conditioning circuit of the first signal conditioning unit and is also connected to the signal conditioning circuit of the second signal conditioning unit. The digital processing unit is used to process the conditioned first measured nuclear pulse signal and the conditioned second measured nuclear pulse signal to obtain a pulse processing result. Wherein, the first signal conditioning unit includes a plurality of different types of signal conditioning circuits; and / or the second signal conditioning unit includes a plurality of different types of signal conditioning circuits; Wherein, the plurality of different types of signal conditioning circuits include at least two of an impedance matching circuit, an attenuation circuit, a pole-zero cancellation circuit, a linear amplification circuit, and a baseline adjustment circuit; Among them, the multiple different types of signal conditioning circuits include an impedance matching circuit, an attenuation circuit, a pole-zero cancellation circuit, a linear amplification circuit and a baseline adjustment circuit; wherein the attenuation circuit is connected between the impedance matching circuit and the pole-zero cancellation circuit, the pole-zero cancellation circuit is connected between the attenuation circuit and the linear amplification circuit, and the linear amplification circuit is connected between the pole-zero cancellation circuit and the baseline adjustment circuit.

2. The multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the signal conditioning circuits of the first signal conditioning unit is the same as the number of the signal conditioning circuits of the second signal conditioning unit.

3. The multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal conditioning circuit of the first signal conditioning unit and the signal conditioning circuit of the second signal conditioning unit are of the same type.

4. The multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The digital processing unit is further used to adjust the parameters of the signal conditioning circuit.

5. The multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: It also includes a first analog-to-digital converter and a second analog-to-digital converter, the first analog-to-digital converter is connected between the digital processing unit and the signal conditioning circuit of the first signal conditioning unit; the second analog-to-digital converter is connected between the digital processing unit and the signal conditioning circuit of the second signal conditioning unit.

6. The multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The digital processing unit is further configured to provide synchronous clock signals to the first analog-to-digital converter and the second analog-to-digital converter respectively.

7. The multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Also includes: A control unit, wherein an input end of the control unit is connected to the digital processing unit, and the control unit is used to perform energy spectrum measurement according to the pulse processing result; The communication interface is connected to the output end of the control unit.

8. A spectrometer system, characterized in that: The method comprises a multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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