Electronic control switch with detection and communication functions

Abstract

The utility model discloses an electronic control switch with detection and communication functions, which belongs to the technical field of electronic switches and comprises a master control MCU (microprogrammed control unit), a power module, an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) switch module, a switch driving module and a detection communication module. The detection communication module sends a detection signal into the main control MCU through the detection port, the detection communication module establishes communication connection with the main control MCU through the communication port, and the main control MCU sends a switch control signal to the switch driving module according to communication information, so that the switch driving module controls the on-off of the MOS switch module. Therefore, connection and disconnection between the power supply module and the load are controlled. According to the utility model, charging protection of the battery system in the electric two-wheeled vehicle industry can be realized, and safety accidents caused by mismatching or wrong connection of a power supply and a load can be prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of electronic switches, in particular to an electronic control switch with detection and communication functions. Background Art

[0002] Electric vehicles are vehicles powered by batteries and motors. They are the most common form of transportation in daily life and production, boasting advantages such as low cost, low noise, and fast acceleration. However, due to limited battery capacity, current two- and three-wheeled electric vehicles typically require daily charging. Therefore, the safety of electric vehicle charging is a matter of concern.

[0003] Currently, electrical fires in electric vehicles (EVs) are caused by electrical short circuits and improper charging. Most electrical fires are caused by a mismatch in electrical parameters between the power source and the load, leading to discharge failures. For example, battery voltage exceeding the load's maximum withstand voltage can cause overcurrent or short circuits.

[0004] Currently, the power supply and load terminals have interoperable connectors. However, if the connector definitions differ or the power and load parameters do not match, connecting the power supply and load without protective measures can cause safety hazards such as short circuits, overcurrent, and damage to the interface circuit. The electrodes at the power supply's external connector are live and difficult to protect, making them prone to external short circuits and dangerous situations.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide an electronic control switch that can avoid safety accidents such as interface short circuit, overcurrent, interface circuit damage, etc. during the charging process of electric vehicles is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by technical personnel in this field. Utility Model Content

[0006] To this end, the utility model provides an electronic control switch with detection and communication functions to solve the problem of safety accidents caused by charging interface short circuit, overcurrent, and interface circuit damage in the prior art.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] An electronic control switch with detection and communication functions includes a main control MCU, a power module, a MOS switch module, a switch driver module, and a detection and communication module. The detection and communication module is provided with a detection port and a communication port. The detection and communication module sends a detection signal to the main control MCU via the detection port. The detection and communication module establishes a communication connection with the main control MCU via the communication port. The main control MCU sends a switch control signal to the switch driver module based on the communication information, so that the switch driver module controls the on and off of the MOS switch module, thereby controlling the on and off between the power module and the load. The two ends of the MOS switch module are respectively connected to an A+ interface and a B+ interface. The power module provides input power to the A+ interface or the B+ interface.

[0009] Furthermore, the MOS switch module includes a MOS transistor Q1 and a MOS transistor Q2, the drain of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to A+, the drain of the MOS transistor Q2 is connected to B+, the source of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the source of the MOS transistor Q2, and the gate of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q2.

[0010] Furthermore, the switch driving module includes a voltage regulator tube ZD2, a resistor R2, a capacitor C6, a diode D36, a diode D37, a capacitor C90, a capacitor C89, a transistor Q8, a resistor R246, a resistor R26, a resistor R13, a transistor Q33, a resistor R245, and a resistor R31. The source of the MOS tube Q1 is connected to the anode of the voltage regulator tube ZD2, the cathode of the voltage regulator tube ZD2 is connected to the gate of the MOS tube Q1, the resistor R2 is connected in parallel with the voltage regulator tube ZD2, and the source of the MOS tube Q1 is grounded through the capacitor C90.

[0011] The gate of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q8. The emitter of the transistor Q8 is connected to one end of the capacitor C6 and the cathode of the diode D36 via the resistor R246. The other end of the capacitor C6 is connected to the source of the MOS transistor Q1. The anode of the diode D36 is connected to the cathode of the diode D37 and one end of the capacitor C89. The other end of the capacitor C89 is connected to the PWM signal source. The anode of the diode D37 is connected to the source of the MOS transistor Q1.

[0012] A resistor R26 is connected in parallel between the base and emitter of the transistor Q8. The base of the transistor Q8 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q33 through a resistor R13. The emitter of the transistor Q33 is grounded. A resistor R245 is connected in parallel between the base and emitter of the transistor Q33. The base of the transistor Q33 is connected to the switch signal EN through a resistor R31.

[0013] Furthermore, a power amplifier circuit is provided between the PWM signal source and the capacitor C89.

[0014] Furthermore, the detection communication module includes a resistor R7, a resistor R19, a detection interface terminal H1, a resistor R244, a resistor R16, a resistor R23, a capacitor C94, a transistor Q10, a resistor R33, a resistor R22, a transistor Q7 and a resistor R15, a first pin of the detection interface terminal H1 is connected to B+, a second pin of the detection interface terminal H1 is connected to the power supply VCC2 through the resistor R7, and a second pin of the detection interface terminal H1 is connected to the detection pin JC of the main control MCU through the resistor R19, a third pin of the detection interface terminal H1 is connected to one end of the resistor R244, the resistor R16 and the resistor R23, and the resistor R244 The other end of the resistor R16 is connected to the communication receiving pin RXD of the main control MCU, the other end of the resistor R16 is grounded, and a capacitor C94 is connected in parallel between the communication receiving pin RXD of the main control MCU and the ground line, the other end of the resistor R23 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q10, the emitter of the transistor Q10 is grounded, a resistor R33 is connected in parallel between the base and the emitter of the transistor Q10, a resistor R22 is connected in series between the base of the transistor Q10 and the collector of the transistor Q7, the emitter of the transistor Q7 is connected to the power supply VCC2, and the base of the transistor Q7 is connected to the transmitting pin TXD of the main control MCU through a resistor R15.

[0015] Furthermore, the power module includes a diode D38, a diode D39, a resistor R44, a resistor R54, a MOS transistor Q13, a MOS transistor Q29, a capacitor C21, a capacitor C50, a capacitor C91, a capacitor C95, a voltage regulator diode ZD1, and a voltage regulator diode ZD3. The anodes of the diode D38 and the diode D39 are connected to A+ and B+, respectively. The cathodes of the diode D38 and the diode D39 are connected and connected to one end of the resistor R44 and the resistor R54. The other end of the resistor R44 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor Q13. The source of the MOS transistor Q13 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor Q29. There is a resistor connected in parallel between the source of the MOS transistor Q13 and the drain of the MOS transistor Q29. A capacitor C21 is connected. The source of the MOS transistor Q13 is connected to the power supply VCC1. The source of the MOS transistor Q29 is connected in parallel with capacitors C50 and C91. The source of the MOS transistor Q29 is connected to the power supply VCC2. One end of the capacitors C21, C50, and C91 is grounded. The other end of the resistor R54 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q13 and the cathode of the Zener diode ZD1. A capacitor C95 is connected in parallel between the other end of the resistor R54 and the cathode of the Zener diode ZD1. One end of the capacitor C95 is grounded. The anode of the Zener diode ZD1 is connected to the cathode of the Zener diode ZD3 and the gate of the MOS transistor Q29. One end of the Zener diode ZD3 is grounded.

[0016] Furthermore, A+ and B+ in the MOS switch module can be connected to the positive pole of the power supply and the positive pole of the load respectively, or connected to the positive pole of the load and the positive pole of the power supply respectively, and the negative pole of the power supply and the negative pole of the load are both grounded.

[0017] Furthermore, the MOS transistor Q1 , the MOS transistor Q2 , the MOS transistor Q13 and the MOS transistor Q29 are NMOS transistors.

[0018] Furthermore, the transistor Q8 and the transistor Q32 are PNP transistors, and the transistor Q33, the transistor Q31 and the transistor Q30 are NPN transistors.

[0019] Furthermore, the transistor Q10 is an NPN transistor, and the transistor Q7 is a PNP transistor.

[0020] The utility model has the following advantages:

[0021] The electronic control switch provided in the present application includes a main control MCU, a power module, a MOS switch module, a switch drive module and a detection communication module. The detection communication module is provided with a detection port and a communication port. The detection communication module sends a detection signal to the main control MCU through the detection port. The detection communication module establishes a communication connection with the main control MCU through the communication port. The main control MCU sends a switch control signal to the switch drive module according to the communication information, so that the switch drive module controls the on and off of the MOS switch module, and thereby controls the on and off between the power module and the load.

[0022] The utility model adopts a high-end battery control switch solution of a common ground system to provide a hardware interface for signal communication between the power supply end and the load end, facilitating safe connection of the load when used correctly and disconnecting the power output connection when used incorrectly or not in use. The metal terminals at the external power port are not energized when not in use, preventing external short circuit failures. The communication hardware interface of the utility model has a communication function. During charging and discharging, the charge and discharge switch can only be turned on after the power supply and load communicate and confirm with each other. Normal communication function can be provided after the electronic switch is turned off. The circuit of the utility model can freely interchange the power input and output terminals of the electronic switch, providing a low-cost, high-reliability, low-power hardware circuit implementation solution for battery protection. The utility model can provide charging protection for the battery system of the electric two-wheeled vehicle industry and can prevent safety accidents caused by mismatch between the power supply and the load or connection errors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely illustrative, and those skilled in the art can, without inventive effort, derive other implementation drawings based on the provided drawings.

[0024] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are intended solely to complement the contents disclosed herein and to facilitate understanding and reading by persons familiar with the art. They are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention may be implemented and therefore have no substantive technical significance. Any structural modifications, changes in proportions, or adjustments in size, without affecting the efficacy and objectives of the present invention, shall remain within the scope of the technical contents disclosed herein.

[0025] Figure 1 A switch circuit diagram of an electronic control switch with detection and communication functions provided by the utility model;

[0026] Figure 2A circuit diagram of the MOS switch module and switch driver module provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A circuit diagram of the detection communication module provided by the utility model;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the power module provided by the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following describes the implementation of the present invention through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can readily understand the other advantages and benefits of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the embodiments described are only a portion of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] An electronic control switch with detection and communication functions, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a main control MCU, a power module, a MOS switch module, a switch driver module and a detection communication module. The detection communication module is provided with a detection port and a communication port. The detection communication module sends a detection signal to the main control MCU through the detection port. The detection communication module establishes a communication connection with the main control MCU through the communication port. The main control MCU sends a switch control signal to the switch driver module according to the communication information, so that the switch driver module controls the on and off of the MOS switch module, thereby controlling the on and off between the power module and the load. The two ends of the MOS switch module are respectively connected to the A+ interface and the B+ interface, and the power module provides input power to the A+ interface or the B+ interface. The detection communication module includes a detection circuit and a communication circuit. The detection circuit is used to sense whether the external connection interface is connected in place, and the communication circuit is used to sense the interactive communication after the external connection is in place.

[0031] The utility model adopts a high-end battery control switch solution of a common ground system to provide a hardware interface for signal communication between the power supply end and the load end, facilitating safe connection of the load when used correctly and disconnecting the power output connection when used incorrectly or not in use. The metal terminals at the external power port are not energized when not in use, preventing external short circuit failures. The communication hardware interface of the utility model has a communication function. During charging and discharging, the charge and discharge switch can only be turned on after the power supply and load communicate and confirm with each other. Normal communication function can be provided after the electronic switch is turned off. The circuit of the utility model can freely interchange the power input and output terminals of the electronic switch, providing a low-cost, high-reliability, low-power hardware circuit implementation solution for battery protection. The utility model can provide charging protection for the battery system of the electric two-wheeled vehicle industry and can prevent safety accidents caused by mismatch between the power supply and the load or connection errors.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, the MOS switch module includes a MOS transistor Q1 and a MOS transistor Q2. The drain of MOS transistor Q1 is connected to A+, the drain of MOS transistor Q2 is connected to B+, the source of MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the source of MOS transistor Q2, and the gate of MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the gate of MOS transistor Q2. This allows both MOS transistors to be turned on simultaneously using the same drive power supply, thereby realizing a dual MOS switch circuit consisting of MOS transistors Q1 and Q2. In the MOS switch module, A+ and B+ can be connected to the positive pole of the power supply and the positive pole of the load, respectively, or to the positive pole of the load and the positive pole of the power supply, respectively. That is, A+ and B+ are interchangeable, thereby achieving bidirectional interchangeability between the power supply and the load. The negative pole of the power supply and the negative pole of the load are both grounded. At the same time, one of the MOS transistors Q1 and Q2 can be omitted to form a unidirectional electronic switch. For example, when the MOS transistor Q1 is retained, the drain of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to A+, and the source of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to B+. The switch can be normally switched only when B+ has input power. When the MOS transistor Q2 is retained, the source of the MOS transistor Q2 is connected to A+, and the drain of the MOS transistor Q2 is connected to B+. The switch can be normally switched only when A+ has input power.

[0033] like Figure 2As shown, the switch drive module includes a Zener diode ZD2, a resistor R2, a capacitor C6, a diode D36, a diode D37, a capacitor C90, a capacitor C89, a transistor Q8, a resistor R246, a resistor R26, a resistor R13, a transistor Q33, a resistor R245, and a resistor R31. Transistor Q8 is a PNP transistor, and transistor Q33 is an NPN transistor. The source of MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the anode of Zener diode ZD2, and the cathode of Zener diode ZD2 is connected to the gate of MOS transistor Q1. Zener diode ZD2 serves as a voltage limiter to protect MOS transistors Q1 and Q2. Resistor R2 is connected in parallel with Zener diode ZD2. Zener diode ZD2 can be eliminated if the drive power supply is safe and stable. The source of MOS transistor Q1 is grounded through capacitor C90, which provides a charge and discharge path for capacitors C89 and C6.

[0034] The gate of MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the collector of transistor Q8. The emitter of transistor Q8 is connected to one end of capacitor C6 and the cathode of diode D36 via resistor R246. The other end of capacitor C6 is connected to the source of MOS transistor Q1. The anode of diode D36 is connected to the cathode of diode D37 and one end of capacitor C89. The other end of capacitor C89 is connected to a PWM signal source. The anode of diode D37 is connected to the source of MOS transistor Q1.

[0035] A pull-up resistor R26 is connected in parallel between the base and emitter of the transistor Q8. The base of the transistor Q8 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q33 through a resistor R13. The emitter of the transistor Q33 is grounded. A resistor R245 is connected in parallel between the base and emitter of the transistor Q33. The base of the transistor Q33 is connected to the switch signal EN through a resistor R31.

[0036] A power amplifier circuit can also be provided between the PWM signal source and the capacitor C89. The power amplifier circuit can be changed according to actual use, such as Figure 2 As shown, the power amplifier circuit includes transistors Q31, Q32, Q30, resistor R39, and resistor R41. Transistor Q32 is a PNP transistor, while transistors Q31 and Q30 are NPN transistors. The other end of capacitor C89 is connected to the emitters of transistors Q31 and Q32. Here, transistor Q32 can be replaced by an emitter and collector connected in reverse or by using a diode with the anode grounded and the cathode connected to the emitter of transistor Q31. The collector of transistor Q32 is grounded, the base of transistor Q31 is connected to the base of transistor Q32, and the base of transistor Q31 is connected to the driving power supply VCC1 via resistor R39. The base of transistor Q31 is connected to the collector of transistor Q30, and the base of transistor Q30 is connected to the PWM signal source via resistor R41.

[0037] When the switch signal EN is at a high level, the transistor Q33 is turned on, and at the same time, the transistor Q8 is pulled down by the resistor R13 and turned on, the MOS tubes Q1 and Q2 are turned on, and the power supply and the load are connected and turned on; when the external switch signal EN is at a low level, the transistor Q33 is turned off, the PNP transistor Q8 is turned off, the MOS tubes Q1 and Q2 are turned off, and the power supply and the load are disconnected.

[0038] MOS transistors Q1, Q2, Q13, and Q29 are NMOS transistors. The NMOS transistor drive control module, under the control of an external switch control signal EN, controls the on / off function of the power supply to the load. If a capacitive load exists on either end of the electronic switch, a capacitor or a capacitor-resistor circuit can be connected between the drain and gate of MOS transistor Q1 or Q2 to provide a soft start.

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, the detection communication module includes resistor R7, resistor R19, detection interface terminal H1, resistor R244, resistor R16, resistor R23, capacitor C94, transistor Q10, resistor R33, resistor R22, transistor Q7 and resistor R15, transistor Q10 is an NPN transistor, and transistor Q7 is a PNP transistor. The first pin of the detection interface terminal H1 is connected to B+, which can be connected to the positive pole of the external load or the positive pole of the power supply. The second pin of the detection interface terminal H1 is connected to the power supply VCC2 through resistor R7, and the second pin of the detection interface terminal H1 is connected to the detection pin JC of the main control MCU through resistor R19. The third pin of the detection interface terminal H1 is connected to one end of the resistor R244, resistor R16 and resistor R23, and the other end of the resistor R244 is connected to the communication receiving pin RXD of the main control MCU. The other end of the resistor R16 is grounded, and the main control MCU A capacitor C94 is connected in parallel between the communication receiving pin RXD and the ground line. The other end of the resistor R23 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q10. The emitter of the transistor Q10 is grounded. A resistor R33 is connected in parallel between the base and emitter of the transistor Q10. A resistor R22 is connected in series between the base of the transistor Q10 and the collector of the transistor Q7. The emitter of the transistor Q7 is connected to the power supply VCC2. The base of the transistor Q7 is connected to the transmitting pin TXD of the main control MCU through the resistor R15. This circuit can realize the function of sending and receiving data in time-sharing.

[0040] By detecting the high and low levels of the JC signal transmitted by the second pin of the interface terminal H1, it can be determined whether the external port is connected. By detecting the RXD signal transmitted by the third pin of the interface terminal H1, it can also be determined whether the external port is electrically connected. Once the connection is confirmed, the time-sharing two-way communication function can be realized.

[0041] Whether the external connection interface is properly connected is specifically detected by detecting the feedback signal JC from the second pin of the interface terminal H1. If the external connection is not properly connected, it will be high, and if it is properly connected, it will be low. After the external connection is properly connected, interactive communication is detected by detecting the feedback signal RXD from the third pin of the interface terminal H1. If the external connection is not properly connected, it will be low, and if it is properly connected, it will be high. The communication mechanism is activated after the high level is detected.

[0042] like Figure 4 As shown, the power module includes a diode D38, a diode D39, a resistor R44, a resistor R54, a MOS transistor Q13, a MOS transistor Q29, a capacitor C21, a capacitor C50, a capacitor C91, a capacitor C95, a Zener diode ZD1, and a Zener diode ZD3. The anodes of the diodes D38 and D39 are connected to A+ and B+, respectively. The cathodes of the diodes D38 and D39 are connected and connected to one end of the resistors R44 and R54. The other end of the resistor R44 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor Q13. The source of the MOS transistor Q13 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor Q29. The source of the MOS transistor Q13 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor Q29. A capacitor C21 is connected in parallel between the two terminals. The source of the MOS transistor Q13 is connected to the power supply VCC1. The source of the MOS transistor Q29 is connected in parallel with capacitors C50 and C91. The source of the MOS transistor Q29 is connected to the power supply VCC2. One end of the capacitors C21, C50, and C91 is grounded. The other end of the resistor R54 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q13 and the cathode of the Zener diode ZD1. A capacitor C95 is connected in parallel between the other end of the resistor R54 and the cathode of the Zener diode ZD1. One end of the capacitor C95 is grounded. The anode of the Zener diode ZD1 is connected to the cathode of the Zener diode ZD3 and the gate of the MOS transistor Q29. One end of the Zener diode ZD3 is grounded.

[0043] This power supply circuit uses Zener diode ZD3 to control the voltage applied to the gates of NMOS transistors Q13 and Q29, ensuring stable voltages for power supplies VCC1 and VCC2. This power supply can switch normally as long as either A+ or B+ has input power. The power supply and load terminals are interchangeable, forming a bidirectional communication electronic switch. Alternatively, either diode D38 or diode D39 can be omitted to create a unidirectional communication electronic switch. For example, if diode D38 is retained, the power supply output terminal is the connection between diode D38 and A+, and the switch can only function properly when A+ has input power. If diode D39 is retained, the power supply output terminal is the connection between diode D39 and B+, and the switch can only function properly when B+ has input power.

[0044] The utility model comprises the above circuit modules to form a common ground system with a single-line power supply end and a controllable bidirectional electronic switch at the load end having detection and time-sharing bidirectional communication functions, thereby making it possible to realize low-cost, low-power, and high-reliability protection functions for the power supply and the load.

[0045] Although the present invention has been described in detail above using general descriptions and specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made to the present invention. Therefore, such modifications or improvements, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, are within the scope of protection claimed herein.

Claims

1. An electronic control switch with detection and communication functions, characterized in that: The device comprises a main control MCU, a power module, a MOS switch module, a switch driver module and a detection communication module. The detection communication module is provided with a detection port and a communication port. The detection communication module sends a detection signal to the main control MCU through the detection port. The detection communication module establishes a communication connection with the main control MCU through the communication port. The main control MCU sends a switch control signal to the switch driver module according to the communication information, so that the switch driver module controls the on / off of the MOS switch module, thereby controlling the on / off between the power module and the load. The two ends of the MOS switch module are respectively connected to an A+ interface and a B+ interface. The power module provides input power to the A+ interface or the B+ interface.

2. The electronic control switch with detection and communication functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The MOS switch module includes a MOS transistor Q1 and a MOS transistor Q2. The drain of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to A+, the drain of the MOS transistor Q2 is connected to B+, the source of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the source of the MOS transistor Q2, and the gate of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q2.

3. The electronic control switch with detection and communication functions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The switch driving module includes a voltage regulator tube ZD2, a resistor R2, a capacitor C6, a diode D36, a diode D37, a capacitor C90, a capacitor C89, a transistor Q8, a resistor R246, a resistor R26, a resistor R13, a transistor Q33, a resistor R245, and a resistor R31. The source of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the anode of the voltage regulator tube ZD2, the cathode of the voltage regulator tube ZD2 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q1, the resistor R2 is connected in parallel with the voltage regulator tube ZD2, and the source of the MOS transistor Q1 is grounded through the capacitor C90. The gate of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q8. The emitter of the transistor Q8 is connected to one end of the capacitor C6 and the cathode of the diode D36 via the resistor R246. The other end of the capacitor C6 is connected to the source of the MOS transistor Q1. The anode of the diode D36 is connected to the cathode of the diode D37 and one end of the capacitor C89. The other end of the capacitor C89 is connected to the PWM signal source. The anode of the diode D37 is connected to the source of the MOS transistor Q1. A resistor R26 is connected in parallel between the base and emitter of the transistor Q8. The base of the transistor Q8 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q33 through a resistor R13. The emitter of the transistor Q33 is grounded. A resistor R245 is connected in parallel between the base and emitter of the transistor Q33. The base of the transistor Q33 is connected to the switch signal EN through a resistor R31.

4. The electronic control switch with detection and communication functions according to claim 3, characterized in that: A power amplifier circuit is also provided between the PWM signal source and the capacitor C89.

5. The electronic control switch with detection and communication functions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The detection communication module includes a resistor R7, a resistor R19, a detection interface terminal H1, a resistor R244, a resistor R16, a resistor R23, a capacitor C94, a transistor Q10, a resistor R33, a resistor R22, a transistor Q7 and a resistor R15. The first pin of the detection interface terminal H1 is connected to B+, the second pin of the detection interface terminal H1 is connected to the power supply VCC2 through the resistor R7, and the second pin of the detection interface terminal H1 is connected to the detection pin JC of the main control MCU through the resistor R19. The third pin of the detection interface terminal H1 is connected to one end of the resistor R244, the resistor R16 and the resistor R23, and the other end of the resistor R244 is connected to the detection pin JC of the main control MCU. The first end of the transistor Q10 is connected to the communication receiving pin RXD of the main control MCU, the other end of the resistor R16 is grounded, and a capacitor C94 is connected in parallel between the communication receiving pin RXD of the main control MCU and the ground line, the other end of the resistor R23 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q10, the emitter of the transistor Q10 is grounded, a resistor R33 is connected in parallel between the base and the emitter of the transistor Q10, a resistor R22 is connected in series between the base of the transistor Q10 and the collector of the transistor Q7, the emitter of the transistor Q7 is connected to the power supply VCC2, and the base of the transistor Q7 is connected to the transmitting pin TXD of the main control MCU through a resistor R15.

6. The electronic control switch with detection and communication functions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power module includes a diode D38, a diode D39, a resistor R44, a resistor R54, a MOS transistor Q13, a MOS transistor Q29, a capacitor C21, a capacitor C50, a capacitor C91, a capacitor C95, a voltage regulator diode ZD1, and a voltage regulator diode ZD3. The anodes of the diode D38 and the diode D39 are connected to A+ and B+ respectively. The cathodes of the diode D38 and the diode D39 are connected and connected to one end of the resistor R44 and the resistor R54. The other end of the resistor R44 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor Q13. The source of the MOS transistor Q13 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor Q29. A capacitor C is connected in parallel between the source of the MOS transistor Q13 and the drain of the MOS transistor Q29.

21. The source of the MOS transistor Q13 is connected to the power supply VCC1. The source of the MOS transistor Q29 is connected in parallel with capacitors C50 and C91. The source of the MOS transistor Q29 is connected to the power supply VCC2. One end of the capacitors C21, C50, and C91 is grounded. The other end of the resistor R54 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q13 and the cathode of the Zener diode ZD1. A capacitor C95 is connected in parallel between the other end of the resistor R54 and the cathode of the Zener diode ZD1. One end of the capacitor C95 is grounded. The anode of the Zener diode ZD1 is connected to the cathode of the Zener diode ZD3 and the gate of the MOS transistor Q29. One end of the Zener diode ZD3 is grounded.

7. The electronic control switch with detection and communication functions according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the MOS switch module, A+ and B+ are respectively connected to the positive electrode of the power supply and the positive electrode of the load or respectively connected to the positive electrode of the load and the positive electrode of the power supply, and the negative electrode of the power supply and the negative electrode of the load are both grounded.

8. The electronic control switch with detection and communication functions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The MOS transistor Q1 , MOS transistor Q2 , MOS transistor Q13 and MOS transistor Q29 are NMOS transistors.

9. The electronic control switch with detection and communication functions according to claim 4, characterized in that: The transistor Q8 and the transistor Q32 are PNP transistors, and the transistor Q33, the transistor Q31 and the transistor Q30 are NPN transistors.

10. The electronic control switch with detection and communication functions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The transistor Q10 is an NPN transistor, and the transistor Q7 is a PNP transistor.

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