Intelligent fire guidance system

Abstract

The utility model relates to fire alarm equipment, in particular to an intelligent fire guidance system. An intelligent fire guidance system comprises a shell, a single-chip microcomputer and a power supply module are arranged in the shell, and a temperature and humidity sensor, a smoke concentration sensor, a set of keys K1-K5, an illuminating lamp, a set of flowing water lamps and a smoke yellow lamp are arranged on the shell. The input end of the single-chip microcomputer is connected with the keys K1-K5, the temperature and humidity sensor and the smoke concentration sensor, the output end of the single-chip microcomputer is connected with the lighting lamp, the flowing water lamp and the smoke yellow lamp, and the power supply module supplies power to the single-chip microcomputer, the temperature and humidity sensor, the smoke concentration sensor, the keys, the flowing water lamp and the smoke yellow lamp. The intelligent fire guidance system is a multifunctional illumination system which not only can meet daily illumination requirements, but also can provide effective evacuation guidance in an emergency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to fire alarm equipment, in particular to an intelligent fire guidance system. Background Art

[0002] In the event of a sudden fire, the alarm often throws people into a brief panic and confusion, making it difficult to quickly determine the fire's source and escape route. A survey of Shanghai citizens' crisis preparedness awareness shows that less than one-third of residents are aware of escape routes in unfamiliar environments. Existing fire smoke alarms primarily issue warnings when they detect a certain concentration of smoke, but they lack the ability to provide clear directions for escape. Traditional emergency exit signs require people to be familiar with the escape routes in advance in order to be fully effective. Furthermore, modern buildings must not only meet basic safety requirements but also pursue energy efficiency and aesthetic design to enhance the quality of living and working environments. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The utility model aims to solve the problem that the existing fire smoke alarm lacks the escape direction guidance function and provides an intelligent fire guidance system.

[0004] The utility model is implemented by adopting the following technical scheme: an intelligent fire guidance system includes a shell, a single-chip microcomputer and a power supply module are arranged in the shell, and a temperature and humidity sensor, a smoke concentration sensor, a group of buttons K1-K5, a lighting lamp, a group of running lights and a yellow smoke light are arranged on the shell; the input end of the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the buttons K1-K5, the temperature and humidity sensor, and the smoke concentration sensor, the output end of the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the lighting lamp, the running light and the yellow smoke light, and the power supply module supplies power to the single-chip microcomputer, the temperature and humidity sensor, the smoke concentration sensor, the buttons, the running lights and the yellow smoke light.

[0005] This intelligent lighting system can be installed in locations such as corridors and stairways. The power supply module connects to an external mains power source and converts it to power the system. Buttons K1-K5 control the lighting mode of the lights. Buttons K1 and K2 control the breathing light mode, with K1 turning the breathing light on and K2 turning it off. Button K5 controls the normal lighting mode, turning the normal lighting on and off. Buttons K3 and K4 adjust the brightness of the lights, respectively. A temperature and humidity sensor transmits ambient temperature and humidity data to a microcontroller. If the temperature rises due to a fire, the microcontroller controls the running lights, dynamically indicating the direction of the emergency exit. A smoke concentration sensor sends smoke concentration data to the microcontroller, which determines whether to activate the yellow smoke light based on the received smoke concentration data. When low smoke concentration is detected, the yellow smoke light illuminates. When high smoke concentration is detected, the yellow smoke light turns off, and the yellow smoke light illuminates, indicating that smoke concentration in the passage is low and people can move toward that area.

[0006] The above-mentioned intelligent fire guidance system uses an STM32 series microcontroller, a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, and an MQ-2 smoke sensor.

[0007] To address the need for fire warning and evacuation guidance, this utility model provides an intelligent fire guidance system that combines the functions of everyday lighting and fire guidance modes. This system utilizes integrated high-precision temperature and humidity sensors and smoke sensor modules to achieve early detection and early warning of fire sources. When abnormal temperatures are detected, the light strip automatically activates a flowing light mode, dynamically indicating emergency exits and guiding people to evacuate quickly along the optimal route, significantly improving escape efficiency. Furthermore, compared to traditional, simple emergency exit indicators, this utility model also incorporates a smoke concentration sensor. Combined with the light, the smoke concentration sensor illuminates areas with less severe fires. If people encounter obstacles or a fire on their way to the emergency exit, they can follow the smoke concentration sensor's prompts and head to a location with low smoke concentration to await rescue. In normal operation, the lighting system functions as an intelligent lighting system, using LED light strips to provide a variety of color and brightness adjustments to suit different indoor environments and ambiances. Users can customize the lighting mode to suit their preferences or specific scenarios, achieving a personalized lighting experience. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of the utility model.

[0009] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the utility model.

[0010] In the figure: 1-housing, 2-temperature and humidity sensor, 3-smoke concentration sensor, 4-lighting lamp, 5-flowing light, 6-smoke yellow light. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] like Figure 1 As shown, the intelligent fire guidance system includes a single-chip microcomputer U1 with a model of stm32f103c8t6, ​​a temperature and humidity sensor U2 with a model of DHT11, a smoke concentration sensor U3 with a model of MQ-2, a group of buttons K1-K5, a lighting lamp LED6, a group of running lights LED1-LED4 and a yellow smoke light LED5; pin 38 of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected to the power supply VCC, pin 39 is grounded, pins 2, 4, 8, 10 and 12 are respectively connected to one end of the buttons K1-K5, and the other end of the buttons K1-K5 is connected to the power supply VCC, pin 3 of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected to pin 2 of the temperature and humidity sensor U2, pin 1 of the temperature and humidity sensor U2 is connected to the power supply VCC, pin 4 of the temperature and humidity sensor U2 is grounded, pin 26 of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected to pins 4 and 6 of the smoke concentration sensor U3, pins 1 and 3 of the smoke concentration sensor U3 are connected Pin 2 and pin 2 are connected to the power supply +5V, pin 5 of the smoke concentration sensor U3 is grounded, pin 25 of the single-chip computer U1 is connected to the anode of the lighting lamp LED6 through the sixth resistor R6, and the cathode of the lighting lamp LED6 is grounded, pin 27 of the single-chip computer U1 is connected to the cathode of the running lamp LED1 through the fifth resistor R5, and the anode of the running lamp LED1 is connected to the power supply VCC, pin 28 is connected to the cathode of the running lamp LED2 through the fourth resistor R4, and the anode of the running lamp LED2 is connected to the power supply VCC, pin 29 is connected to the cathode of the running lamp LED3 through the third resistor R3, and the anode of the running lamp LED3 is connected to the power supply VCC, pin 30 is connected to the cathode of the running lamp LED4 through the second resistor R2, and the anode of the running lamp LED4 is connected to the power supply VCC, pin 35 is connected to the cathode of the smoke yellow light LED5 through the first resistor R1, and the anode of the smoke yellow light LED5 is connected to the power supply VCC.

[0012] The intelligent fire guidance system creates a multifunctional lighting system that not only meets daily lighting needs but also provides effective evacuation guidance in emergency situations. The system's design concept is centered around two core modes: daily lighting function and fire guidance mode, ensuring the best user experience and safety in different situations.

[0013] (1) Design ideas for daily lighting mode

[0014] 1. Ambient light adjustment function: The system has multiple built-in lighting modes, allowing users to set the lighting mode according to personal preferences. The status of the light can be controlled, including switching and brightness adjustment, to achieve a personalized lighting experience.

[0015] 2. Scene switching: meet a variety of lighting scenarios, such as reading, resting, gathering, etc., to adapt to different application scenarios and atmosphere requirements.

[0016] Buttons K1-K5 are used to control the lighting mode of the lighting lamp LED 6. Buttons K1 and K2 are used to control the lighting lamp LED 6 to work in the breathing light mode. Button K1 turns the breathing light on, and button K2 turns the breathing light off. Button K5 is used to control the lighting lamp LED 6 to work in the normal lighting mode. Button K5 is used to turn the normal lighting on and off. Buttons K3 and K4 are used to adjust the lighting brightness.

[0017] (2) Design ideas of fire guidance mode

[0018] 1. Flowing Water Guidance: Sensor Network: Deploy temperature and humidity sensors U2 and smoke concentration sensors U3 to monitor fire sources and smoke levels in real time. Dynamic Indication: Upon detecting a fire, temperature and humidity sensor U2 sends a signal to microcontroller U1, which controls flowing water lights LEDs 1-4, dynamically indicating the direction to the safe exit. Visual Guidance: The dynamic lighting effects of the flowing water lights LEDs 1-4 ensure that they attract attention and guide rapid evacuation in an emergency.

[0019] 2. Lighting Indication for Smoke Concentration: The yellow smoke light LED 5 illuminates smoke concentration, helping personnel identify risk areas. Smoke concentration sensor U3 sends detected smoke concentration data to microcontroller U1. Based on the received smoke concentration data, microcontroller U1 determines whether to activate the yellow smoke light LED 5. When the smoke concentration is low, the yellow smoke light LED 5 illuminates; when the smoke concentration is high, the yellow smoke light LED 5 turns off. Real-time Update: The system updates the lighting indication in real time based on the data from smoke concentration sensor U3, ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of the information. When the yellow smoke light LED 5 illuminates, smoke concentration in that passage is low and personnel can move toward that passage.

[0020] This utility model uses an STM32 single-chip microcomputer to design a lamp with lighting control and automatic fire indication safety exit. The STM32 is a single-chip microcomputer based on the ARM Cortex-M core and adopts a RISC architecture. It has powerful computing power and rich peripherals, suitable for complex embedded applications. The STM32 single-chip microcomputer has multiple series, and the chips in different series have different performance and functions to meet different needs. It supports multiple programming languages, including C and C++, and also supports RTOS systems, which is suitable for intermediate and advanced developers. The STM32 single-chip microcomputer has advantages in performance, power consumption, stability, etc., and is suitable for more complex control tasks and applications with higher performance requirements. Choosing to use the STM32 single-chip microcomputer to control the lights is a more reasonable choice because it provides better performance, so this utility model chooses the STM32.

[0021] (1) In daily lighting mode, the STM32 microcontroller is used to output PWM waves to control the lighting effects, and the duty cycle is controlled by buttons to change the brightness to adapt to different scenes. A breathing light mode is also provided.

[0022] PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) is a digital signal processing technique that represents continuous analog values ​​by varying the signal's duty cycle (the ratio of the high-level time to the total cycle duration). In a PWM waveform, the signal cycle is divided into multiple equal-width "on" and "off" time periods, each of which is called a pulse width. When the duty cycle is high, the "on" time is longer and the "off" time is shorter; conversely, when the duty cycle is low, the "on" time is shorter. PWM is commonly used in electronic devices such as motor control, lighting control, and audio power amplification because it efficiently converts DC power to analog voltage and provides precise current control. For example, in LED light drivers, PWM can be used to adjust light brightness without consuming additional energy to maintain a constant current. Therefore, this utility model uses the STM32 to generate PWM waves to control light strips.

[0023] (2) In the fire warning guidance mode, the STM32 microcontroller, DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, and MQ-2 smoke concentration sensor are combined to read the sensor values ​​through ADC digital-to-analog conversion to control the on and off of the running lights and fire indication, thereby achieving a guidance function.

[0024] The DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor is a composite temperature and humidity sensor with a calibrated digital output. It utilizes dedicated digital module acquisition and temperature and humidity sensing technologies to ensure high reliability and excellent long-term stability. The DHT11 humidity sensor is primarily used to measure ambient temperature and humidity and is widely used in various automated control systems, warehouses, factories, offices, homes, and other applications.

[0025] The MQ-2 smoke sensor is a gas leak monitoring device commonly used in homes and factories, suitable for detecting liquefied gas, benzene, alkanes, alcohol, hydrogen, and smoke. The higher the smoke concentration, the greater the conductivity, and the lower the output resistance, the larger the output analog signal. The MQ-2 smoke sensor outputs a measurement signal voltage of 0 to 5V, with the voltage increasing with higher concentrations. The gas concentration can be derived by measuring the MQ-2 smoke sensor's output voltage. The analog signal voltage of the MQ-2 smoke sensor is converted using an ADC, and then the smoke concentration is determined through a series of conversions.

Claims

1. Intelligent fire guidance system, characterized by: The invention comprises a housing (1), wherein a single-chip microcomputer and a power supply module are arranged in the housing (1), and a temperature and humidity sensor (2), a smoke concentration sensor (3), a group of buttons K1-K5, a lighting lamp (4), a group of running lights (5) and a yellow smoke light (6) are arranged on the housing (1); the input end of the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the buttons K1-K5, the temperature and humidity sensor (2) and the smoke concentration sensor (3), and the output end of the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the lighting lamp (4), the running lights (5) and the yellow smoke light (6); and the power supply module supplies power to the single-chip microcomputer, the temperature and humidity sensor (2), the smoke concentration sensor (3), the buttons, the running lights (5) and the yellow smoke light (6).

2. The intelligent fire guidance system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The single chip microcomputer is the stm32 series single chip microcomputer, the temperature and humidity sensor model is DHT11, and the smoke sensor model is MQ-2.

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