Main shaft capable of automatically loosening and clamping cutter

Abstract

The utility model discloses an automatic cutter loosening and clamping main shaft which comprises a bearing seat and a core shaft which is installed in the bearing seat and used for sleeving a cutter, a spring chuck used for holding the cutter is arranged in the core shaft, and a clamping shaft which can move in a telescopic mode and is used for pushing the spring chuck to hold the cutter is arranged in the core shaft. The contact face of the clamping shaft and the spring chuck is a conical face, and the two sides of the clamping shaft are provided with a clamp closing power unit and a clamp loosening power unit which are used for pushing the clamping shaft to press the spring chuck and loosen the spring chuck respectively. The spring chuck is adopted to fix the cutter in a clasping mode, connection stability can be guaranteed, power can be transmitted, the clamping shaft stretches out and draws back to push the spring chuck to clasp and loosen the cutter, the contact stress area can be increased by means of the conical contact face between the clamping shaft and the spring chuck, and the cutter can be clamped and loosened through the conical contact face between the clamping shaft and the spring chuck. And the cutter can be still stably fixed under the condition of long-term use and abrasion, and the frequency of replacing a connecting and fixing piece is reduced.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, in particular to an automatic tool-releasing and clamping spindle. Background technology:

[0002] With the continuous advancement of industrialization, traditional processing equipment can no longer meet the current production and living needs of people. In order to improve production efficiency and processing accuracy, old-fashioned fully manual and semi-automatic processing equipment are gradually being replaced by CNC machine tools and CNC machining centers. Since CNC machine tools and CNC machining centers usually have multiple functions and need to frequently replace tools of different types or different precisions, how to achieve rapid tool replacement is one of the key factors to improve processing efficiency.

[0003] Chinese patent application CN 205734050U, published as a patent, discloses a broaching mechanism for automatic tool change in a machining center. The patent discloses a more traditional method for changing tools. Specifically, when the broaching mechanism needs to secure the tool, a positioning device for a pull pin fixed to the tool handle passes through a ball bearing. The pull sleeve is then driven upward by a drive device. The ball bearing, housed in the through hole of the pull sleeve, is squeezed by the inner wall of the pull pin cone sleeve and exposed to the inside of the pull sleeve. The ball bearing then settles into a limiting groove and engages a limiting block, preventing the pull pin from being removed, thereby securing the tool handle. When the tool handle needs to be removed, the pull sleeve is driven downward by the drive device. When the through hole of the pull sleeve reaches the annular conical surface, the ball bearing, squeezed by the limiting block, pops out of the pull sleeve. The limiting block is no longer trapped by the ball bearing, and the pull pin fixed to the tool handle can be removed from the pull sleeve, thereby releasing the tool handle. This cycle allows for automatic tool change, enabling different tools on the tool handle to process the workpiece.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned traditional spindle tool changing structures all use ball bearings for positioning and fixing. After long-term use, the ball bearings will wear out, resulting in the tool being unable to be installed or being stuck and unable to be removed. In addition, the wear of the ball bearings can easily cause the connection to loosen, making it impossible to tighten the tool, thereby affecting the processing accuracy.

[0005] In view of this, the inventors propose the following technical solutions. Utility model content:

[0006] The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an automatic tool-releasing and clamping spindle.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions: an automatic tool release spindle, comprising: a bearing seat and a core shaft rotatably installed in the bearing seat and used to set the tool, a spring chuck for clamping the tool is provided in the core shaft, and a clamping shaft capable of telescopic movement and used to push the spring chuck to clamp the tool is provided in the core shaft; the contact surface between the clamping shaft and the spring chuck is a conical surface, and a clamping power unit and a clamping power unit are provided on both sides of the clamping shaft for pushing the clamping shaft to clamp the spring chuck and release the spring chuck respectively.

[0008] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, an outer conical surface is provided on the outer wall of the spring collet, and an inner conical hole capable of being sleeved on the outer conical surface is provided at one end of the clamping shaft.

[0009] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, a symmetrical upper conical surface portion and a lower conical surface portion are provided on the outer wall of the spring chuck, wherein the inner conical hole of the clamping shaft is sleeved on the lower conical surface portion, and a positioning conical hole is provided in the core shaft for matching and pressing contact with the upper conical surface portion.

[0010] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the clamping power unit is a compression spring, which is arranged at the other end of the clamping shaft and can push the clamping shaft to slide and clamp one end of the spring clamp.

[0011] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the loosening power unit includes a piston sleeved on the clamping shaft and an air circuit or oil circuit arranged in the bearing seat and used to push the piston to move. The direction of the force of the air circuit or oil circuit is opposite to the direction of the force of the clamping power unit.

[0012] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, a bearing end cover for limiting the position of the piston is provided at the end of the bearing seat, and a plurality of return springs are provided between the bearing end cover and the piston.

[0013] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, a first bearing and a second bearing are sleeved and installed between the core shaft and the bearing seat, and an isolation ring is provided between the first bearing and the second bearing.

[0014] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, a locking nut is installed at one end of the core shaft, a positioning ring is provided between the locking nut and the second bearing, and the other end of the bearing seat is provided with a flange which is sleeved on the periphery of the core shaft and is used to press and limit the first bearing in the bearing seat.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, an oil seal is also sleeved on the core shaft, and the oil seal is located inside the flange.

[0016] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the existing technology: the present invention adopts a spring chuck to fix the tool by clamping, which not only ensures the stability of the connection, but also can transmit power, and pushes the spring chuck to clamp and release the tool by telescoping the clamping shaft, and utilizes the conical contact surface between the clamping shaft and the spring chuck, which not only increases the contact force area, but also ensures that the tool is still stably fixed in the case of long-term use and wear, greatly improving the service life and reducing the number of times the connection and fixing parts are replaced. Description of the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional Figure 1 ;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional Figure 2 ;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the utility model. Specific implementation method:

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0021] See Figures 1 to 3 The figure shows an automatic tool release spindle, comprising a bearing seat 1 and a core shaft 2 rotatably mounted within the bearing seat 1 and adapted to hold a tool A. A spring chuck 3 for clamping the tool A is disposed within the core shaft 2, and a clamping shaft 4 is disposed within the core shaft 2, which is capable of telescopic movement and is used to push the spring chuck 3 to clamp the tool A. The contact surface between the clamping shaft 4 and the spring chuck 3 is a conical surface, and a clamping power unit and a clamping power unit are disposed on both sides of the clamping shaft 4, respectively used to push the clamping shaft 4 to compress the spring chuck 3 and release the spring chuck 3. The use of the spring chuck 3 to secure the tool A by clamping not only ensures the stability of the connection but also transmits power. Furthermore, the clamping shaft 4 is used to push the spring chuck 3 to clamp and release the tool A by telescoping. The conical contact surface between the clamping shaft 4 and the spring chuck 3 not only increases the contact force area but also ensures that the tool A remains stably fixed despite long-term wear, significantly increasing its service life and reducing the number of replacements for connecting and fixing components.

[0022] The outer wall of the spring collet 3 is provided with an outer conical surface, and one end of the clamping shaft 4 is provided with an inner conical hole that can be sleeved on the outer conical surface. The outer wall of the spring collet 3 is provided with a symmetrical upper conical surface 31 and a lower conical surface 32, wherein the inner conical hole of the clamping shaft 4 is sleeved on the lower conical surface 32, and the core shaft 2 is provided with a positioning conical hole that matches and presses against the upper conical surface 31. The spring chuck 3 is an elastic sleeve, with an upper conical surface portion 31 and a lower conical surface portion 32 with opposite inclination angles provided at both ends. Among them, the lower conical surface portion 32 is longer, occupying more than two-thirds of the axial length of the spring chuck 3, and the lower conical surface portion 32 matches the inner tapered hole of the clamping shaft 4 to ensure the maximum force-bearing contact surface between the clamping shaft 4 and the lower conical surface portion 32. The upper conical surface portion 31 is matched with the positioning tapered hole in the core shaft 2, so that after the spring chuck 3 is subjected to an extrusion thrust, it can quickly return to the center, ensuring that the tool A is accurately clamped and fixed. At the same time, it can ensure that in the process of the clamping shaft 4 being sleeved and pressed against the spring chuck 3, the spring chuck 3 will not be displaced, and can be tightened evenly to achieve stable clamping of the tool A.

[0023] The clamping power unit is a compression spring 5, which is mounted on the other end of the clamping shaft 4 and is capable of pushing the clamping shaft 4 to slide toward one end of the spring collet 3 and tighten. The unclamping power unit includes a piston 6 sleeved on the clamping shaft 4 and an air or oil circuit 60 disposed in the bearing seat 1 and used to push the piston 6. The direction of the force applied by the air or oil circuit 60 is opposite to that of the clamping power unit. A compression spring 5 is used to generate a return thrust, pushing the clamping shaft 4 to always maintain a clamping force on the spring collet 3. When tool A needs to be disassembled or assembled, gas or liquid is introduced into the air or oil circuit 60 from the connector 600, pushing the piston 6 to push the clamping shaft 4 backward, causing the clamping shaft 4 to loosen its grip on the spring collet 3, thereby allowing tool A to be inserted into or withdrawn from the spindle 2. When tool A needs to be fixed, it is only necessary to disconnect the gas or liquid supply at the connector 600. At this time, under the action of the compression spring 5, the clamping shaft 4 slides onto the spring collet 3, causing the spring collet 3 to clamp tool A, thereby securing tool A. The use of the return force of the compression spring 5 as the power to clamp tool A eliminates the need for an additional power source to clamp tool A, ensuring that tool A can remain clamped for a long time and preventing it from detaching due to power source disconnection, greatly improving safety in use.

[0024] The end of the bearing seat 1 is provided with a bearing end cover 7 for limiting the position of the piston 6. A plurality of return springs 70 are provided between the bearing end cover 7 and the piston 6. The bearing end cover 7 is provided with a connector 600 for communicating with the air path or the oil path 60.

[0025] The first bearing 81 and the second bearing 82 are arranged in a sleeved mode between the mandrel 2 and the bearing seat 1, and the isolating ring 83 is arranged between the first bearing 81 and the second bearing 82, and the isolating ring 83 comprises an inner isolating ring 831 pressed between the inner rings of the first bearing 81 and the second bearing 82 and an outer isolating ring 832 pressed between the outer rings of the first bearing 81 and the second bearing 82.

[0026] The locking nut 9 is arranged at one end of the mandrel 2, the positioning ring 90 is arranged between the locking nut 9 and the second bearing 82, the flange 10 is arranged at the other end of the bearing seat 1 and is sleeved on the periphery of the mandrel 2 and used for limiting the first bearing 81 in the bearing seat 1, and the oil seal 100 is further sleeved on the mandrel 2 and located in the flange 10.

[0027] In summary, when the utility model works, the connecting head 600 supplies gas or liquid into the gas circuit or the oil circuit 60 to drive the piston 6 to push the clamping shaft 4 to retreat and extrude the compression spring 5, at this time, the spring collet 3 loses the holding force and expands, so that the tool A can be smoothly inserted into the mandrel 2; further, when the tool A is inserted into the mandrel 2 and installed in place, the connecting head 600 disconnects the supply of gas or liquid, so that the reset force generated by the reset compression spring 5 pushes the piston 6 to retreat, at the same time, the reset thrust generated by the compression spring 5 pushes the clamping shaft 4 to slide and be sleeved on the spring collet 3, so that the spring collet 3 gradually shrinks and holds the tool A, so that the installation and fixation of the tool A are realized, since the rear end of the clamping shaft 4 is provided with the driving block, after the tool A is installed in place, the driving block is connected with the power source, so that the tool A is driven to rotate and process, in the embodiment, the tool A is a polishing grinding rod. Of course, when the tool A needs to be disassembled or replaced, the spring collet 3 is also loosened in the same way, so that the tool A can be inserted into the mandrel 2 or pulled out from the mandrel 2, and after the replacement of the tool A is completed, the reset force generated by the compression spring 5 pushes the clamping shaft 4 to reset and be sleeved on the spring collet 3, so that the spring collet 3 holds the tool A.

[0028] Of course, the above only describes specific embodiments of the utility model, and does not limit the utility model implementation range, equivalent changes or modifications made according to the structure, features and principles described in the utility model patent application scope should be included in the utility model patent application scope.

Claims

1. An automatic tool release spindle, comprising a bearing seat (1) and a core shaft (2) rotatably mounted in the bearing seat (1) and used to set a tool (A), characterized in that: A spring chuck (3) for clamping the tool (A) is provided in the core shaft (2), and a clamping shaft (4) capable of telescopic movement and used to push the spring chuck (3) to clamp the tool (A) is provided in the core shaft (2); The contact surface between the clamping shaft (4) and the spring chuck (3) is a conical surface, and a clamping power unit and a loosening power unit are provided on both sides of the clamping shaft (4) for respectively pushing the clamping shaft (4) to press the spring chuck (3) and loosen the spring chuck (3).

2. The automatic tool release spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: An outer conical surface is provided on the outer wall of the spring chuck (3), and an inner conical hole capable of being sleeved on the outer conical surface is provided on one end of the clamping shaft (4).

3. The automatic tool release spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer wall of the spring chuck (3) is provided with a symmetrical upper conical surface portion (31) and a lower conical surface portion (32), wherein the inner conical hole of the clamping shaft (4) is sleeved on the lower conical surface portion (32), and a positioning conical hole is provided in the core shaft (2) to match and press the upper conical surface portion (31).

4. The automatic clamping tool spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping power unit is a compression spring (5), which is arranged at the other end of the clamping shaft (4) and can push the clamping shaft (4) to slide toward one end of the spring clamp (3) and clamp tightly.

5. The automatic tool release spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping power unit comprises a piston (6) sleeved on the clamping shaft (4) and an air circuit or oil circuit (60) arranged in the bearing seat (1) and used to push the piston (6) to move. The direction of the force of the air circuit or oil circuit (60) is opposite to the direction of the force of the clamping power unit.

6. The automatic tool release spindle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The end of the bearing seat (1) is provided with a bearing end cover (7) for limiting the position of the piston (6), and a plurality of return springs (70) are provided between the bearing end cover (7) and the piston (6).

7. The automatic tool release spindle according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A first bearing (81) and a second bearing (82) are sleeved and installed between the core shaft (2) and the bearing seat (1), and an isolation ring (83) is provided between the first bearing (81) and the second bearing (82).

8. The automatic tool release spindle according to claim 7, characterized in that: A locking nut (9) is installed at one end of the core shaft (2), and a positioning ring (90) is provided between the locking nut (9) and the second bearing (82). The other end of the bearing seat (1) is provided with a flange (10) which is sleeved on the periphery of the core shaft (2) and is used to press the first bearing (81) to be limited in position within the bearing seat (1).

9. The automatic tool release spindle according to claim 8, characterized in that: The core shaft (2) is also sleeved with an oil seal (100), which is located inside the flange (10).

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