Visual passive equalization circuit based on battery monitor

Abstract

The utility model discloses a visualized passive equalization circuit based on a battery monitor, which comprises a plurality of passive equalization driving units, the battery monitor and a single chip microcomputer, and the battery monitor is respectively connected with corresponding single batteries through the plurality of passive equalization driving units on one hand, and is interactively connected with the single chip microcomputer on the other hand. The battery module disclosed by the utility model has the beneficial effects that when voltage difference occurs in the single batteries in the battery module, redundant electric quantity is consumed in a heat form through the resistor, so that the consistency of the battery module is kept. And meanwhile, whether balancing action exists or not is observed through the light-emitting diode. The circuit is simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost and convenient to use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of energy storage batteries, in particular to a visual passive balancing circuit based on a battery monitor. Background Art

[0002] Energy storage batteries are currently widely used, and their service life and performance are receiving widespread attention. Due to the chemical properties of lithium batteries, after a period of use, the individual cells in the battery modules used in energy storage products will experience a decrease in consistency, such as capacity, voltage, and internal resistance. If these differences in cell characteristics are not promptly addressed, the battery module's service life and efficiency will be significantly reduced. Utility Model Content

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a visual passive balancing circuit based on a battery monitor that can maintain the consistency of a battery module in response to the deficiencies of the prior art.

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0005] A visual passive balancing circuit based on a battery monitor includes a plurality of passive balancing drive units, a battery monitor, and a single-chip microcomputer. The battery monitor is connected to corresponding single cells through the plurality of passive balancing drive units and is interactively connected to the single-chip microcomputer.

[0006] The passive balancing drive unit includes first and second fuses, first, second, third, fourth, and fifth resistors, first and second capacitors, a Zener diode, a light-emitting diode, and a MOS transistor. One end of the second fuse is connected to the positive electrode of the corresponding single battery cell, and the other end thereof is connected in parallel to one end of the first resistor and one end of the second resistor, respectively. The other end of the first resistor is connected in parallel to one end of the first capacitor and one end of the second capacitor, and then connected to a battery voltage detection pin of the battery monitor. The other end of the second resistor is connected to the source of the MOS transistor, and the other end of the first capacitor is grounded. One end of the first fuse is connected to the negative electrode of the corresponding single battery cell, and the other end thereof is connected in parallel to the other end of the second capacitor, one end of the third resistor, the drain of the MOS transistor, and the positive electrode of the Zener diode, and then connected to another battery voltage detection pin of the battery monitor. The negative electrode of the Zener diode, the other end of the third resistor, one end of the fourth resistor, the gate of the MOS transistor, and the negative electrode of the light-emitting diode are connected in parallel. The positive electrode of the light-emitting diode is connected to one end of the fifth resistor, and the other end of the fifth resistor is connected in parallel to the other end of the fourth resistor, and then connected to a balancing drive output pin of the battery monitor.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the single chip microcomputer includes a single chip microcomputer chip, a power supply, a crystal oscillator unit and a reset unit;

[0008] The positive power pin and the negative power pin of the single-chip microcomputer chip are connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply, and a filter capacitor is connected between the positive power pin and the negative power pin. The single-chip microcomputer chip is connected to the IO pin of the battery monitor through several chip IO pins thereof;

[0009] The crystal oscillator unit includes a crystal oscillator, a third capacitor, and a fourth capacitor. One end of the third capacitor is connected in parallel with one end of the crystal oscillator and then connected to the first clock circuit pin of the single-chip microcomputer chip. One end of the fourth capacitor is connected in parallel with the other end of the crystal oscillator and then connected to the second clock circuit pin of the single-chip microcomputer chip. The other end of the third capacitor and the other end of the fourth capacitor are grounded.

[0010] The reset unit includes a manual reset button, an inductor, and a sixth resistor. One end of the manual reset button is connected in parallel with one end of the inductor and then connected to the positive electrode of the power supply. The other end of the manual reset button is connected in parallel with the other end of the inductor and one end of the sixth resistor and then connected to the reset pin of the microcontroller chip. The other end of the sixth resistor is grounded.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the battery monitor is a battery monitor of model BQ76PL455A.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the single chip microcomputer is a single chip microcomputer of model GDM32F305VCT6.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the MOS transistor is an N-channel MOS transistor.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the beneficial effect of dissipating excess power as heat through resistors when a voltage difference occurs between individual cells in a battery module, thereby maintaining the consistency of the battery module. Simultaneously, the presence of balancing can be monitored via light-emitting diodes. This invention has a simple circuit structure, low manufacturing cost, and ease of use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the present utility model.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the single chip microcomputer of the present utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific illustrations.

[0019] See also Figure 1 The figure shows a visual passive balancing circuit based on a battery monitor, comprising two passive balancing drive units 100, a battery monitor U2, and a single-chip microcontroller U1. Battery monitor U2 is connected to individual battery cells PACK1 and PACK2 via the two passive balancing drive units 100, and is also interconnected with single-chip microcontroller U1. The number of passive balancing drive units is not limited to this embodiment; it should be determined based on the number of individual battery cells.

[0020] The passive balanced driving unit 100 includes fuses FB1 and FB2 , resistors R1 , R2 , R3 , R4 , and R5 , capacitors C1 and C2 , a voltage stabilizing diode D1 , a light emitting diode LED1 , and a MOS transistor Q1 .

[0021] One end of fuse FB2 is connected to the positive electrode of the corresponding single battery PACK1, and the other end of fuse FB2 is connected in parallel to one end of resistor R1 and one end of resistor R2. The other end of resistor R1 is connected in parallel to one end of capacitor C1 and one end of capacitor C2, and then connected to battery voltage detection pin SE1 of battery monitor U2. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to source S of MOS transistor Q1, and the other end of capacitor C1 is grounded. One end of fuse FB1 is connected to the negative electrode of the corresponding single battery PACK1. Its other end is connected in parallel to the other end of capacitor C2, one end of resistor R3, the drain D of MOS transistor Q1, and the anode of Zener diode D1, and then connected to battery voltage detection pin SE0 of battery monitor U2. The cathode of Zener diode D1, the other end of resistor R3, one end of resistor R4, the gate G of MOS transistor Q1, and the cathode of light-emitting diode LED1 are connected in parallel. The anode of light-emitting diode LED1 is connected to one end of resistor R5. The other end of resistor R5 and the other end of resistor R4 are connected in parallel, and then connected to equalization drive output pin EQ1 of battery monitor U2. In this embodiment, MOS transistor Q1 is preferably an N-channel MOS transistor.

[0022] See also Figure 2 Combined with Figure 1The single-chip microcomputer U1 includes a single-chip microcomputer chip IC, a power supply (not shown in the figure), a crystal oscillator unit and a reset unit. The positive electrode pin VCC and the negative electrode pin GND of the single-chip microcomputer chip IC are connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply, and a filter capacitor C5 is connected between the positive electrode pin VCC and the negative electrode pin GND, and the single-chip microcomputer chip IC is connected with the IO pin of the battery monitor U2 through the chip IO pins P1, P2, P3 and P4. The crystal oscillator unit includes a crystal oscillator Y1 and capacitors C3 and C4. One end of the capacitor C3 is connected with one end of the crystal oscillator Y1, and then connected with the clock circuit pin XTAL1 of the single-chip microcomputer chip IC. One end of the capacitor C4 is connected with the other end of the crystal oscillator Y1, and then connected with the clock circuit pin XTAL2 of the single-chip microcomputer chip IC. The other ends of the capacitors C3 and C4 are grounded. The reset unit includes a manual reset button SW1, an inductor L1 and a resistor R6. One end of the manual reset button SW1 is connected with one end of the inductor L1, and then connected with the positive electrode of the power supply. The other end of the manual reset button SW1 is connected with the other end of the inductor L1 and one end of the resistor R6, and then connected with the reset pin RST of the single-chip microcomputer chip IC. The other end of the resistor R6 is grounded.

[0023] The single-chip microcomputer U1 is of the type GDM32F305VCT6, and the power supply of the single-chip microcomputer is 3.3V. The chip IO pins P1, P2, P3 and P4 of the single-chip microcomputer chip IC are chip IO ports, which are used for data transmission with the battery monitor U2. The single-chip microcomputer U1 is provided with a reset button, so that the single-chip microcomputer U1 can be manually reset to prevent system crash. The inductor L1 mainly plays a filtering and energy storage role in the reset circuit.

[0024] The utility model discloses a passive equalization circuit design of battery module based on battery monitoring chip, and the battery monitor U2 transmits the single string battery voltage detected to the single-chip microcomputer U1, and the single-chip microcomputer U1 judges whether it needs to send the equalization instruction. When needing equalization, the single-chip microcomputer U1 will send the command to the battery monitor U2, and the battery monitor U2 will output the equalization drive. When the signal EQ1 is high level, the MOS tube Q1 will open. The capacity high battery will release the redundant electric quantity in the form of discharging, thereby keeping the consistency of the battery module, and prolonging the service life of the battery. The utility model discloses that the light emitting diode LED1 is added in each string battery equalization circuit. When the certain string battery starts equalization, it can be observed through the light emitting diode, and it is more convenient.

[0025] Battery monitor U2 is a 16-cell industrial integrated battery monitor with passive cell balancing. Its model is BQ76PL455A, capable of monitoring and balancing battery modules. Pins SE0, SE1, and SE2 are battery voltage sensing pins. Pins EQ1 and EQ2 are balancing drive outputs. MOS transistor Q1 functions as a switch. The negative terminal of battery cell PACK1 is connected to pin SE0 of battery monitor U2 via fuse FB1, while its positive terminal is connected to pin SE1 of battery monitor U2 via fuse FB2 and sampling resistor R1. A filter capacitor C2 is connected between the positive and negative terminals to measure the voltage of battery cell PACK1.

[0026] When the balancing drive output pin EQ1 is high, MOS transistor Q1 conducts, discharging the positive electrode of the single cell PACK1 through resistor R2, thereby achieving passive balancing. Resistor R3, connected between the gate G and drain D of MOS transistor Q1, limits the drive current. Zener diode D1 controls the voltage.

[0027] When the balancing drive output pin EQ1 is high, LED1 illuminates. Resistor R5 acts as a current-limiting resistor. Changing its resistance adjusts the LED's brightness, allowing you to observe whether a particular string of cells in the battery module is balancing. The battery circuitry for cell PACK2 is similar to that for cell PACK1 and will not be repeated here.

[0028] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and improvements are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A visual passive balancing circuit based on a battery monitor, comprising a plurality of passive balancing drive units, a battery monitor, and a single-chip microcomputer. The battery monitor is connected to corresponding single cells via the plurality of passive balancing drive units and is interactively connected to the single-chip microcomputer. The passive balancing drive unit includes a first fuse, a second fuse, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a voltage stabilizing diode, a light-emitting diode, and a MOS transistor. One end of the second fuse is connected to the positive electrode of the corresponding single battery cell, and the other end of the second fuse is connected in parallel to one end of the first resistor and one end of the second resistor, respectively. The other end of the first resistor is connected in parallel to one end of the first capacitor and one end of the second capacitor, and then connected to a battery voltage detection pin of the battery monitor. The other end of the second resistor is connected to the source of the MOS transistor, and the other end of the first capacitor is grounded. One end of the first fuse is connected to the negative electrode of the corresponding single battery cell, and the other end of the first fuse is connected in parallel to the other end of the second capacitor, one end of the third resistor, the drain of the MOS transistor, and the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode, and then connected to another battery voltage detection pin of the battery monitor. The negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode, the other end of the third resistor, one end of the fourth resistor, the gate of the MOS transistor, and the negative electrode of the light-emitting diode are connected in parallel. The positive electrode of the light-emitting diode is connected to one end of the fifth resistor, and the other end of the fifth resistor is connected in parallel to the other end of the fourth resistor, and then connected to a balancing drive output pin of the battery monitor.

2. The visual passive balancing circuit based on a battery monitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The single chip microcomputer includes a single chip microcomputer chip, a power supply, a crystal oscillator unit and a reset unit; The positive power pin and the negative power pin of the single-chip microcomputer chip are connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply, and a filter capacitor is connected between the positive power pin and the negative power pin. The single-chip microcomputer chip is connected to the IO pin of the battery monitor through several chip IO pins thereof; The crystal oscillator unit includes a crystal oscillator, a third capacitor, and a fourth capacitor. One end of the third capacitor is connected in parallel with one end of the crystal oscillator and then connected to the first clock circuit pin of the single-chip microcomputer chip. One end of the fourth capacitor is connected in parallel with the other end of the crystal oscillator and then connected to the second clock circuit pin of the single-chip microcomputer chip. The other end of the third capacitor and the other end of the fourth capacitor are grounded. The reset unit includes a manual reset button, an inductor, and a sixth resistor. One end of the manual reset button is connected in parallel with one end of the inductor and then connected to the positive electrode of the power supply. The other end of the manual reset button is connected in parallel with the other end of the inductor and one end of the sixth resistor and then connected to the reset pin of the microcontroller chip. The other end of the sixth resistor is grounded.

3. The visual passive balancing circuit based on a battery monitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The battery monitor is a battery monitor of model BQ76PL455A.

4. The visual passive balancing circuit based on a battery monitor as claimed in claim 2, wherein: The single chip microcomputer adopts a single chip microcomputer model GDM32F305VCT6.

5. The visual passive balancing circuit based on a battery monitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The MOS tube is an N-channel MOS tube.

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