Cantilever type triangulated height measuring device of total station

Abstract

The utility model discloses a cantilever type triangulated height measuring device of a total station, which comprises a prism, a prism bar and a bearing, the prism is arranged at the upper end of the prism bar, the prism bar is rotatably connected with a lifting handle of the total station through the bearing, a first locking bolt in threaded connection with the lifting handle is arranged below the bearing, and the first locking bolt clings to the lower end of an inner ring of the bearing when being locked; a top cantilever of the cantilever support is provided with a through hole through which the prism bar penetrates, and the bottom of the cantilever support is fixedly connected with a chassis of the total station. A cantilever device and a prism are additionally arranged above a lifting handle of the total station, and a device capable of coaxially rotating simultaneously and coaxially rotating oppositely is additionally arranged between the total station and the prism, so that simultaneous and same-path observation is realized, the triangular elevation measurement process is optimized, the measurement precision and efficiency are improved, the influence of atmospheric refraction on a measurement result is reduced, and the measurement accuracy is improved. The operation process is simplified; and the measurement time is shortened.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of surveying and mapping technology, specifically relates to a total station cantilever type trigonometric leveling device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In surveying and mapping engineering, trigonometric leveling is an important measurement method, especially in long-distance and complex terrain height transmission. However, the existing trigonometric leveling method has many problems and deficiencies. For example, although the traditional high-low prism method can improve the measurement accuracy, its operation process is complicated, multiple observation points need to be set, and the measurement efficiency is low. In addition, although the quadrilateral method improves the measurement efficiency to a certain extent, it has high requirements for the consistency of the observation path, and is easily affected by factors such as atmospheric refraction in actual operation, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0003] In special application scenarios such as river-crossing leveling, the method in the prior art often needs to go back and forth multiple times and make complex observation settings, which not only takes a long time, but also has high technical requirements for the operator. In addition, the existing measurement method usually needs to rely on complex calculation and multiple observations when dealing with the influence of atmospheric refraction, which further increases the complexity and uncertainty of the measurement. It is a valuable research direction to simplify the measurement steps while maintaining the measurement accuracy of the total station through simultaneous and same-path observation. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0004] To solve the problems mentioned in the background art, the utility model discloses a total station cantilever type trigonometric leveling device, which is characterized by installing a cantilever device and a prism above the handle of the total station, cooperating with multiple components such as locking bolts and clamping plates to realize simultaneous and same-path observation, optimize the trigonometric leveling process, improve the measurement accuracy and efficiency, reduce the influence of atmospheric refraction on the measurement results, simplify the operation process, and shorten the measurement time.

[0005] Technical scheme:

[0006] A total station cantilever type trigonometric leveling device, the device includes a prism, a prism rod, and a bearing, the prism is arranged on the upper end of the prism rod, the prism rod is rotationally connected with the handle of the total station through the bearing, a first locking bolt is arranged below the bearing and is threadedly connected with the handle, and the first locking bolt is tightly attached to the lower end of the inner ring of the bearing when locked; the device further includes a cantilever bracket, a through hole is formed in the top of the cantilever bracket and is penetrated by the prism rod, and the bottom of the cantilever bracket is fixedly connected with the bottom disc of the total station.

[0007] Further, the center of the prism is coaxially aligned with the center of the total station.

[0008] Further, the through hole is internally provided with two clamping plates and guide rails capable of moving forward and backward, the clamping plates are in sliding connection with the guide rails, and the prism rod is arranged between the two clamping plates in the through hole.

[0009] Further, the through hole is internally provided with two clamping plates and guide rails capable of moving forward and backward, the clamping plates are in sliding connection with the guide rails, and the prism rod is arranged between the two clamping plates in the through hole.

[0010] Further, the handle comprises two connecting blocks, the connecting blocks are fixedly connected with the side surface of the bearing outer ring, and the bearing outer ring drives the total station and the handle to rotate through the connecting blocks.

[0011] Further, the cantilever support is provided with a bolt at the bottom, and the total station bottom disc is fixedly connected with the bottom of the cantilever support through the bolt.

[0012] Beneficial effects:

[0013] 1. The utility model discloses a bearing relative rotation characteristic, connects prism and total station and controls the rotation of simultaneously and respectively through lock bolt, realizes the function under the premise of selecting cheap common material, maintains easy implementation while reducing the cost.

[0014] 2. The utility model discloses a prism coaxial installation above total station handle, optimizes high and low double prism method measurement process, avoids the requirement of even number of opposite observation edges, reduces the influence of atmospheric refraction and other environmental factors on the measurement precision when the prism is placed alone, and further improves the measurement precision of the total station.

[0015] 3. The utility model discloses a "gantry crane" cantilever structure, which is designed in a detachable manner, is convenient to disassemble, is more suitable for surveying and mapping in multiple demand terrains, and effectively improves the flexibility of the device. DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a whole structure schematic view of the utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a structure top view in the through hole of the utility model;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a bearing inner ring connection schematic view when the prism and the total station are coaxial and rotate simultaneously;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a bearing inner ring connection schematic view when the prism and the total station are coaxial and rotate simultaneously;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a measurement schematic view of the embodiment of the utility model.

[0021] 1 prism, 2 prism rod, 3 bearing, 4 total station, 41 handle, 411 connecting block, 42 ​​total station chassis, 5 first locking bolt, 6 cantilever bracket, 7 through hole, 8 splint, 9 guide rail, 10 second locking bolt, 11 pin, 12 pipe clamp. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the utility model discloses a cantilever triangulation height measuring device for a total station, comprising a prism 1, a prism rod 2 and a bearing 3. The prism 1 is arranged at the upper end of the prism rod 2. The prism rod (2) is rotatably connected to a handle (41) of a total station (4) through a bearing (3). A first locking bolt 5 threadedly connected to the handle of the total station is provided below the bearing 3. When the first locking bolt 5 is locked, it is tightly attached to the lower end of the inner ring of the bearing 3. The device also includes a cantilever bracket 6. The bottom of the cantilever bracket 6 is fixedly connected to the chassis 42 of the total station.

[0024] The center of the prism 1 is kept coaxially aligned with the center of the total station 4 .

[0025] The top cantilever of the cantilever bracket 6 is provided with a through hole 7 which passes through from top to bottom. Two clamping plates 8 and a guide rail 9 for forward and backward movement are provided inside the through hole. The clamping plates 8 are slidably connected to the guide rail 9. The prism rod 2 is provided between the two clamping plates 8 in the through hole.

[0026] Internally threaded holes are provided on both sides of the through hole 7 and are threadedly connected to the second locking bolt 10 . When the second locking bolt 10 is tightened, the two clamping plates 8 are pushed close to the prism rod 2 .

[0027] The handle 41 includes two connecting blocks 411 . The connecting blocks 411 are fixedly connected to the side surfaces of the outer ring of the bearing 3 . The outer ring of the bearing 3 drives the total station 4 and the handle 41 to rotate through the connecting blocks 411 .

[0028] A latch 11 is provided at the bottom of the cantilever bracket 6 , and a pipe clamp 12 passes through the latch 11 to fix the total station chassis 42 to the bottom of the cantilever bracket 6 .

[0029] In this embodiment, when the device requires the prism 2 to coaxially rotate with the total station 4 due to observation requirements, the user can tighten the first locking bolt 5 threadedly connected to the handle 41 of the total station, such as Figure 3As shown, when the bolt is locked, the head will be close to the inner ring of the bearing 3, and the inner ring cannot rotate through friction and extrusion force, and then the purpose of fixing the prism 3 and the prism 1 is achieved. When the total station 4 and the prism 2 are rotated to the appropriate position at the same time, the two clamping plates 8 can be clamped to the prism rod 2, the second locking bolt 10 is locked, and the clamping plates are fixed through the extrusion force and friction force between the clamping plates, so that the subsequent surveying work is facilitated.

[0030] When the device needs to be coaxial and different when the prism 2 and the total station 4 are rotated, as shown, Figure 4 the first locking bolt 5 is loosened, so that the inner ring of the bearing 3 can rotate freely, and the outer ring and the inner ring of the bearing drive the total station and the prism to achieve the purpose of coaxial and different rotation.

[0031] The specific ideas and calculation processes of the utility model are as follows:

[0032] ①A kind of cantilever support can be fixed on the upper part of total station handle, the device can stably fix prism, and ensure that the center of prism and the center of total station are coaxial.The cantilever device needs to be connected with total station base by bolt or other quick connection mechanism, so as to be quickly transferred between different total stations. When designing, the length, strength and stability of the cantilever should be considered to ensure that the accurate position of the prism can be maintained under various observation conditions;Through the cooperation of bearing 3 and locking bolt, the prism and total station are integrated and coaxially rotated, so that the prism and total station handle contact minimally while the orientation of the prism remains unchanged. Such structural design can also reduce environmental errors and improve the calculation accuracy of the device,

[0033] ②As shown, Figure 5 , calibrate the height difference between the center of prism on the handle and the center of total station: set total station A and B equipped with the device on flat ground, which are 10 meters apart, and set up prism C in the middle to ensure that the heights of the three are approximately equal and leveled. Use short distance one-way trigonometric height method to observe multiple times, and calculate the average value of Z coordinates of total station A and B. Observe the prism on the handle of the other total station from total station A and B respectively, and calculate the average value of Z coordinates. According to the observation data, the height difference between the center of total station and the center of prism on the handle is calculated, which is the calibrated height difference. The specific process of center height difference calibration and tool design is as follows:

[0034] According to the size of total station, prism and the device, the height difference (Δ) between the center of total station and the center of prism on the handle of total station is 0.3m. However, Δ does not match the theoretical value when the total station is inclined. If the inclination angle γ of the total station is within ±60'', Δh=Δ-Δ·cosγ is obtained, the deviation of Δ from the theoretical value, γ is within ±60'', Δh is within 10-5mm, which can be ignored. The resolution of electronic inclination bubble of total station is 1'', and it is feasible to level the instrument within 20'' in actual operation.

[0035] Use the short-distance one-way trigonometric height method to calibrate Δ. Place the installed total stations A and B on flat ground, 10 meters apart. Set up prism C between A and B. The heights of the total station, prism, and other three instruments are roughly equal and leveled. The calibration process is as follows:

[0036] (1) Total stations A and B measure the Z coordinate of C multiple times and take the average, which is recorded as

[0037] (2) Total station A observes the Z coordinate of the prism on handle B multiple times and takes the average, which is recorded as

[0038] (3) B observes the Z coordinate of the prism on the handle of A multiple times and takes the average value, which is recorded as

[0039] Then the calibration height difference of A Similarly, the calibration height difference of B Among them, the Z coordinates are all calculated by short-distance trigonometric height Z = S·cosα.

[0040] The distance between AB is 10m and the theoretical value of Δ is 0.3m. The vertical angle of the prism on the handle of A is about 1.7°; points A, B, and C are at the same height and the vertical angle is about 0°. Δ is composed of three short-distance trigonometric height calculations. The three short-distance trigonometric height measurement errors δ h They are 0.025mm, 0.025mm, and 0.042mm respectively. The calibration error of Δ is 0.055mm, which can be ignored.

[0041] ③Optimize the measurement process: Through the height difference obtained by calibration, the height difference between the centers of the two total stations is indirectly obtained, thereby optimizing the measurement process of the high-low biprism method. This method avoids the requirement of an even number of opposite observation edges, simplifies the measurement steps, and improves measurement efficiency.

[0042] ④ Implement experimental verification:

[0043] Experiment 1: A leveling route was established using two known leveling points (K1 and K2) at a university. A Leica LS10 electronic level with a nominal accuracy of ±0.2 mm / km was used to determine the elevation differences between each survey segment according to second-class leveling specifications and used as the true values. A Leica TM50 total station with a range accuracy of 0.6 mm + 1 ppm and an angular accuracy of 0.5″ was also added to measure the elevation differences between each survey segment. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0044] Table 1

[0045]

[0046] From Table 1, we can see that the measurement results meet the verification requirements of the difference between the height differences measured by the second-class leveling ( L is a distance of a measured section km), the measurement result can reach the second-order leveling measurement precision. It is shown that the utility model cooperates with the trigonometric leveling, and the precision can be further improved.

[0047] Experiment 2: Cross-river leveling is implemented on the Nyang River in Tibet, four leveling points A, B, C and D are arranged on both sides, the distance of AB and CD is 10m, and the distance of AC, AD, BC and BD is about 900m. The height difference (h AB , h CD ) on the same bank is obtained by using the Leica LS10 electronic level according to the second-order leveling measurement specification, and the height difference (h AC , h AD , h BC , h BD ) on the different bank is obtained by using the quadrilateral method (method 1), the high-low double prism method (method 2) and the utility model cooperates with the trigonometric leveling (method 3). The whole observation route constitutes four independent triangular closed loops (ABCA, ABDA, ACDA and BCDB), the loop closure error and the limit error of each loop are calculated and shown in Table 2, and the loop limit error formula is as follows: F is the length of the loop line, and the unit is km.

[0048]

[0049] As shown in Table 2, the loop closure errors of the three cross-river leveling methods all meet the limit error requirement of the second-order loop line. According to the formula , the mean errors M W of method 1, method 2 and method 3 are 1.8mm, 2.1mm and 1.5mm respectively. According to the national second-order leveling mean error requirement, the value is 2.0mm. As known from the above, method 3 can meet the requirement of the second-order leveling specification, and the measurement precision is better than that of method 1 and method 2, and the main reason lies in that the embodiment realizes simultaneous observation, method 1 only realizes simultaneous observation, and method 2 only realizes same-path observation. Therefore, in the cross-river leveling, the simultaneous observation has a greater influence than the same-path observation. From the time consumption of the leveling loop measurement, the measurement efficiency from high to low is the embodiment, method 1 and method 2 in turn; method 2 needs to move the station across the river due to the even station requirement, so the time consumption is relatively long; method 1 observes two short sides more. As known from the above, the mean error of method 3 is reduced by 28% than that of the high-low double prism method, and reduced by 17% than that of the quadrilateral method; the measurement efficiency of the method in the embodiment is increased by 46% than that of the high-low double prism method, and increased by 13% than that of the quadrilateral method.

[0050] The above description of the embodiments enables one skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to the embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The generic principles defined herein can be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Thus, the present application should not be limited to the embodiments shown herein but should be given the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed.

Claims

1. A total station cantilevered trigonometric height measurement device, characterized in that, The device comprises a prism (1), a prism rod (2) and a bearing (3), the prism (1) is arranged on the upper end of the prism rod (2), the prism rod (2) is rotatably connected with the handle (41) of the total station (4) through the bearing (3), the bearing (3) is provided below with a first locking bolt (5) which is threadedly connected with the handle (41), and the first locking bolt (5) is tightly attached to the lower end of the inner ring of the bearing (3) when locked; the device further comprises a cantilever bracket (6), the top cantilever of the cantilever bracket (6) is provided with a through hole (7) which is penetrated by the prism rod (2), and the bottom is fixedly connected with the bottom disc (42) of the total station.

2. The total station jib-style trigonometric height measurement apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The center of the prism (1) is coaxially aligned with the center of the total station (4).

3. The total station jib-style trigonometric height measurement apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The through hole (7) is provided with two clamping plates (8) and a guide rail (9) which can move forward and backward, the clamping plates (8) are slidably connected with the guide rail (9), and the prism rod (2) is arranged between the two clamping plates (8) in the through hole.

4. The total station jib-style trigonometric height measurement apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The through hole (7) is provided with a through inner thread hole on the front and rear sides and is threadedly connected with a second locking bolt (10), and the second locking bolt (10) pushes the two clamping plates (8) to tightly attach to the prism rod (2) when locked.

5. The total station jib-style trigonometric height measurement apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The handle (41) comprises two connecting blocks (411), the connecting blocks (411) are fixedly connected with the outer ring side surface of the bearing (3), and the outer ring of the bearing (3) drives the total station (4) and the handle (41) to rotate through the connecting blocks (411).

6. The total station jib-style trigonometric height measurement apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cantilever bracket (6) is provided with a latch (11) at the bottom, and a pipe clamp (12) penetrates the latch (11) to fixedly connect the total station bottom disc (42) with the bottom of the cantilever bracket (6).

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