Metal lantern ring for testing expansion performance of clay rock and testing device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a metal lantern ring for testing the expansion performance of clay rock and a testing device, which belong to the technical field of expansion rate measurement, and comprise a metal opening lantern ring, a cavity for accommodating improved clay rock and a through opening, and adjusting components on the two sides of the opening can adjust a gap, so that a sample is tightly attached to the wall of the lantern ring; the problem that the contact surface of the sample and the testing device is not tight is solved; the testing device comprises a bearing unit, a testing unit, a data acquisition unit and a data processing unit, and the bearing unit is used for placing samples and accessories; a load press of the test unit applies a vertical load, a pressure regulating assembly avoids unloading, a data acquisition unit acquires data through a pressure sensor assembly, a displacement sensor and a microstructure scanning system, and a data processing unit analyzes and processes the data, so that the device can accurately measure the expansion performance of the clay rock, realizes macroscopic and microcosmic combined analysis, and improves the expansibility of the clay rock. The problems that in the prior art, test results are inaccurate, microstructure analysis is missing and the like are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of expansion rate measurement, and specifically relates to a metal sleeve ring for testing the swelling property of clay rock and a testing device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the construction of Longtang Reservoir and its irrigation area, a large amount of Neogene Xigeda clay rock is produced by channel excavation. These clay rocks are considered as backup filling materials for the channel. However, the Xigeda clay rock has many characteristics that are not conducive to engineering application, such as soft lithology, low strength, poor stability, and partial swelling. When used as a channel filling material, its swelling property will have a negative impact on the project, such as causing channel structure deformation and damage.

[0003] Currently, research on the Xigeda clay rock in the Panxi region as a filling material is mostly focused on highway subgrades, such as the subgrade of the Xichang-Panzhihua Expressway. However, there are relatively few research results on its use as a large-area channel filling material. Moreover, most research focuses on the engineering properties of artificially or mechanically compacted Xigeda clay rock, and there is a lack of systematic research combining macro and micro aspects on chemically modified Xigeda clay rock.

[0004] In the process of studying swelling clay rock, indoor tests mainly refer to the two specifications of "Standard for Soil Test Methods" GB / T50123-2019 and "Railway Engineering Soil Test Regulations" TB10102-2010. The swelling test methods specified in the specifications can be divided into mineral content analysis, swelling water content test, swelling force test, and swelling rate test according to parameter control indicators. Among them, the swelling force test is used to determine the limit swelling pressure; the swelling rate test is divided into bulk swelling rate, linear swelling rate, free swelling rate, and lateral restraint swelling rate according to different test methods. Through macroscopic swelling tests, the swelling condition of the soil body can be roughly determined, and this can be used as a criterion for the discrimination and classification of swelling clay rock. At the micro level, with the aid of mineral content analysis, electron microscope scanning, or X-ray diffraction analysis, the micro details on the surface of the sample can be presented in the form of images, and combined with the crystal structure and crystallographic information of the sample, the types of rock and ore can be more accurately determined.

[0005] In the improvement of swelling clay rock, domestic and foreign researches have found that chemical improvement method has significant effect. Common chemical improvement methods include adding cement, lime, silt or other modified materials (such as polymers, nanomaterials). Taking the addition of cement as an example, the modified clay rock will change in many indexes: the plasticity index, the free swelling rate and the clay content will generally decrease; the maximum dry density value increases, the optimum moisture content decreases, and various swelling indexes will also decrease to a certain extent. From the perspective of microstructure, cement and swelling clay rock particles are embedded in each other, and a large amount of hydrated calcium silicate and hydrated aluminum silicate is generated by the hydration of cement. These cementitious products are adsorbed on the surface of clay rock particles, and under scanning electron microscopy, a large number of rod-shaped or flocculent cementitious substances are presented, which have strong cementing force and form Ca(OH)2. At the same time, a large amount of Ca²⁺ and OH⁻ penetrates into the interior of swelling rock-soil particles and continuously generates cementitious substances through physical and chemical reactions with clay minerals, thereby reducing the hydrophilic properties of swelling clay rock and changing its swelling, water absorption, swelling-shrinking and strength characteristics, and enhancing the water stability of clay rock.

[0006] Despite some progress in the research and improvement of swelling clay rock, the existing technology still has some shortcomings:

[0007] Sample and testing device contact surface problem: When determining the swelling force of clay rock containing swelling properties, a metal closed ring is often used. For modified clay rock, the ring has certain applicability, but for rock samples, there is inevitably a gap between the ring and the sample. This gap will weaken the determination results of the swelling force and swelling rate of the sample, especially for the weak swelling characteristics of Xigeda group clay rock. The weak deformation release state between the ring and the sample will make the measured results lower than the actual index value of the sample, resulting in a big discount in the authenticity of the test results.

[0008] Swelling performance test unloading problem: The existing test equipment usually drives the force transmission rod to rise through gear rotation or hydraulic pressure. During the water absorption and swelling deformation of the sample, it is difficult to keep the sample volume unchanged due to the existence of small gaps in the gear or the possible leakage of the hydraulic system, so that the device will produce displacement and cause unloading, resulting in distorted test results. When determining the swelling force value, the load sensor of the device will be unloaded after the sample absorbs water and swells, which will greatly reduce the effective data of the test. At present, the existing technology mainly stabilizes the swelling amount or height of the sample by monitoring the change value of the displacement sensor at irregular times and manually lifting the control disc, but this manual operation method will inevitably affect the test results.

[0009] Microstructure analysis missing problem: at present, the microstructure analysis of clay rock before and after water is put into the sample, and before and after chemical modification is less. The existing research mostly stays in the macroscopic level of test analysis, so as to determine the best selection and mix proportion of modified material, and the macroscopic and microscopic tests are not effectively combined. In addition, the performance change of the modified material after dry-wet cycle is also lack of timely macro-micro combined analysis.

[0010] In summary, the deficiencies of the prior art limit the accurate selection of reasonable modified material and mix proportion of Xigeda group clay rock, and also affect the quality and safety of related projects. Practical new type content

[0011] The purpose of the present application is to provide a metal collar for testing the swelling performance of clay rock, which can adjust the size of the opening gap by screwing the bolt and the support plate, so that the improved clay rock closely fits the cavity wall, solving the problem of distorted test results caused by the gap between the improved clay rock and the test device. The present application also provides a test device, which uses a microstructure scanning system including scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, and a data processing unit electrically connected thereto, solving the problem of ineffective analysis of the microstructure of clay rock before and after saturation and before and after chemical modification, and providing a more comprehensive and accurate basis for determining the selection and mix proportion of modified materials.

[0012] The present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0013] A metal collar for testing the swelling performance of clay rock, comprising:

[0014] The metal open collar comprises a collar body, a cavity for accommodating improved clay rock is provided in the middle of the collar body, and an opening through the inner and outer side walls is formed in the side wall of the cavity.

[0015] The adjusting assembly is arranged on both sides of the opening, and the gap size of the opening can be adjusted through the adjusting assembly, so that the improved clay rock closely fits the cavity wall.

[0016] In this scheme, the metal open collar is provided with a cavity for accommodating improved clay rock and a through opening, and the opening gap is adjusted by the adjusting assembly, so that the improved clay rock closely fits the cavity wall, reduces the deformation release caused by the gap, avoids weakening the test results of the sample swelling force and swelling rate, especially for weakly swelling rocks such as Xigeda group clay rock, which can significantly improve the accuracy of the test results

[0017] In another embodiment, the adjusting assembly comprises a pair of support plates and a bolt.

[0018] The support plates are connected to the two sides of the opening respectively, and the gap between the screw and the thread of the support plate is adjusted.

[0019] In this scheme, by setting a pair of support plates connected to the metal opening ring opening two sides, and using the screw and the thread of the support plate, the size of the gap between the opening is accurately adjusted. Compared with other possible adjustment means, the threaded connection is more stable and reliable, and the gap can be adjusted flexibly according to different sample conditions, effectively avoiding the phenomenon of deformation release between the sample and the ring gap.

[0020] In another embodiment, the cavity wall surface of the ring body is smooth.

[0021] In this scheme, the cavity wall surface of the ring body is smooth, which mainly reduces the frictional resistance between the improved clay rock sample and the ring wall surface during the expansion process. When the sample expands, the rough wall surface may hinder its free expansion, resulting in deviation in the measurement of expansion force and expansion rate, affecting the accuracy of the test results.

[0022] In another embodiment, the cavity wall surface of the ring body is coated with vaseline.

[0023] In this scheme, the vaseline coated on the cavity wall surface can reduce the friction between the improved clay rock sample and the ring wall surface, so that the sample is less hindered during the expansion process, ensuring a more natural expansion process, thereby more accurately measuring the expansion performance indicators and reducing test errors caused by friction. On the other hand, vaseline also has certain waterproofness and sealing property, which can form an isolation film between the sample and the ring to prevent water from penetrating and losing through the tiny gap between the ring wall surface and the sample during the test, maintain the stability of the water content of the sample, and avoid the influence of water content change on the swelling property of clay rock.

[0024] In another embodiment, the size of the opening is between 0.1 and 0.5 mm.

[0025] In this scheme, the size of the opening is between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, which can ensure that the opening has a certain adjustment space, so that the adjustment assembly can effectively adjust the gap between the ring and the improved clay rock sample, realize close fitting, avoid the deformation release of the sample during expansion affecting the test results due to the too large gap, and prevent the opening from being too large to damage the overall structural strength of the ring, or the opening being too small to cause inconvenience in adjustment or even unable to adjust.

[0026] A clay rock swelling property testing device, comprising:

[0027] The bearing unit comprises a metal sleeve ring for testing the swelling performance of clay rock, the metal sleeve ring is placed with improved clay rock, and filter paper and water-permeable stone with a water content equivalent to that of the improved clay rock are placed at the upper and lower ends of the improved clay rock.

[0028] The test unit comprises a load press for applying vertical load to the improved clay rock.

[0029] The data acquisition unit comprises a pressure sensor assembly for detecting the pressure borne by the improved clay rock, a displacement sensor for detecting the swelling deformation of the improved clay rock, and a microstructure scanning system for scanning the improved clay rock by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.

[0030] The data processing unit is electrically connected with the data acquisition unit.

[0031] In the present scheme, the bearing unit fixes the improved clay rock sample through the metal sleeve ring, and creates a stable test environment by using the filter paper and the water-permeable stone, thereby ensuring the stable state of the sample. The load press of the test unit applies vertical load to simulate the actual working condition, so that the clay rock swells under specific pressure conditions, providing necessary external force for the study of its swelling performance. The pressure sensor assembly, displacement sensor and microstructure scanning system in the data acquisition unit respectively collect data from different dimensions. The pressure sensor assembly monitors the pressure change, the displacement sensor records the swelling deformation, and the microstructure scanning system obtains the microstructure information, which comprehensively reflects the swelling performance of the clay rock. The data processing unit is electrically connected with the data acquisition unit, and can analyze and process a large amount of complex data collected, thereby helping researchers to deeply understand the swelling performance of the clay rock and providing strong data support for determining the reasonable modified material and its mix proportion.

[0032] In another embodiment, the pressure sensor assembly comprises a load sensor and a force value sensor. The load sensor is located above the bearing unit and is used to detect the load applied to the improved clay rock when it swells. The force value sensor is located above the test unit and is used to detect the load applied by the load press to the improved clay rock. Both the load sensor and the force value sensor are electrically connected with the data processing unit.

[0033] In the scheme, the load sensor is located above the bearing unit, can capture the load size generated when the improved clay rock expands, directly reflects the mechanical change in the expansion process of the sample; the force value sensor is located above the test unit, can monitor the load force applied to the improved clay rock by the load press in real time, ensures that the applied external force is in the expected range, provides stable loading conditions for the test. The two sensors can comprehensively collect force value data from different sources, and transmit the data to the data processing unit, and the data processing unit analyzes the data comprehensively, can not only clearly master the change trend of the force in the test process, but also can more accurately evaluate the swelling performance of the clay rock through comparative analysis, and effectively avoid the test error caused by incomplete force value monitoring.

[0034] In another embodiment, in order to accurately capture the subtle load change in the process of measuring the load size applied when the improved clay rock expands, the accuracy of the load sensor is not less than 0.1kPa, and the accuracy of the displacement sensor is not less than 0.001mm.

[0035] In another embodiment, the test unit further comprises a pressure regulating assembly, the pressure regulating assembly comprises a fixing bolt, one end of the fixing bolt is connected to the output end of the load press, and the other end of the fixing bolt passes through the screw rod above the load sensor and is fixed by a nut.

[0036] In the scheme, one end of the fixing bolt in the pressure regulating assembly is connected to the output end of the load press, the other end passes through the screw rod above the load sensor and is fixed by a nut, which can effectively limit the displacement change of the contact force rod. In the test of the swelling performance of the clay rock, when the sample absorbs water and swells and deforms, the displacement of the previous equipment is often caused by the gear gap or hydraulic pressure leakage, and the unloading phenomenon occurs, so that the test result is distorted. However, the pressure regulating assembly is tightly connected through the fixing bolt, the position of the load sensor is stabilized, the load change can be accurately measured in the swelling process of the sample, the unloading problem caused by the displacement of the equipment is avoided, and the accuracy and reliability of the test data are improved.

[0037] In another embodiment, in order to ensure that the device does not shake, deform and other unstable conditions during operation, the test unit further comprises a metal counterforce frame, the metal counterforce frame adopts a frame structure, and each connection part of the frame adopts welding or bolt connection.

[0038] In summary, compared with the prior art, the utility model mainly has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0039] The metal open sleeve ring and the adjusting assembly can adjust the opening gap to make the sample closely fit the sleeve wall. Since there is a gap between the metal closed sleeve ring in the prior art and the sample, the test result is affected, and the design effectively reduces the deformation release and improves the test accuracy.

[0040] The utility model discloses a pressure regulating assembly is arranged in the test unit, and the fixed bolt is limited to the displacement change of force link, avoids the unloading phenomenon of the equipment displacement when the sample absorbs water and expands, ensures that load sensor can accurately measure load change, improves the reliability of test data;

[0041] The utility model discloses being equipped with microstructure scanning system, carries out electron microscope scanning and X-ray diffraction analysis before and after sample test, realizes the effective combination of macro and micro test, helps understanding the physical and chemical reaction of modified material and clay rock, and provides more scientific basis for the reasonable selection of modified material and its mix proportion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0042] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application. In the drawings:

[0043] Figure 1 It is the top view of closed metal sleeve ring in prior art;

[0044] Figure 2 It is the top view of metal sleeve ring provided by the utility model;

[0045] Figure 3 It is the side view of metal sleeve ring provided by the utility model;

[0046] Figure 4 It is the structure schematic diagram of test device provided by the utility model.

[0047] Markings in the drawings and corresponding component names:

[0048] 1-metal closed sleeve ring, 2-original clay rock, 3-improved clay rock, 4-metal open sleeve ring, 5-bolt, 6-force value display, 7-lifting control disc, 8-fixed bolt, 9-load sensor, 10-bearing unit, 11-water inlet and outlet, 12-metal counterforce frame, 13-force value sensor, 14-displacement sensor, 15-permeable stone, 16-data processing unit, 17-microstructure scanning system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the utility model more clearly and clearly, the utility model is further explained in detail below by combining with examples and drawings, and the illustrative embodiment and its explanation of the utility model are only used to explain the utility model, and not as the limitation of the utility model.

[0050] At present, when the swelling force of clay rock containing swelling property is determined, such as Figure 1The metal closed-end collar 1 shown is a commonly used tool. For undisturbed clay rock 2, this metal closed-end collar 1 can meet testing requirements to a certain extent. However, when applied to various rock samples, a gap inevitably forms between the metal closed-end collar 1 and the specimen. This gap significantly impacts the test results, weakening the determination of the specimen's expansion force and expansion rate. This is particularly true for the Xigeda Formation clay rock, which exhibits significantly weak expansion properties. Due to its relatively weak expansion characteristics, the slight deformation release between the collar and the specimen can cause the measurement results to fall far below the actual index value of the specimen, severely reducing the authenticity of the test results and causing the acquired data to fail to accurately reflect the clay rock's true expansion properties.

[0051] To effectively address the problem of deformation release caused by the gap between the specimen and the metal inner wall, and thereby improve the accuracy of the test results, this proposal provides the following embodiments, aiming to optimize the testing method from a technical perspective and provide more reliable data support for the study of clay rock expansion properties.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] This embodiment 1 provides a metal ring for testing the expansion performance of clay rock, such as Figures 2-3 As shown, it includes a metal open ring 4 and an adjustment component. The metal open ring includes a ring body. A cavity for accommodating the modified clay rock 3 is opened in the middle of the ring body. The height of the cavity is higher than the height of the modified clay rock 3, generally higher by at least 1.5 cm. At the same time, an opening is opened on the side wall of the cavity to pass through the inner and outer walls. Since the opening gap should be small enough to reduce the influence of deformation release on the test results, the opening gap ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 mm. In order to ensure a certain adjustment flexibility and effectively control deformation, this embodiment is described with an opening gap of 0.1 mm.

[0054] Also, please refer to Figures 2-3 As shown, the adjustment assembly includes a pair of support plates and bolts 5. The pair of support plates are respectively connected to the two sides of the opening. The above-mentioned opening is adjusted by screwing the bolts 5 and the support plates into the gap between them, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the opening gap size.

[0055] In some embodiments, in order to reduce the frictional resistance between the modified clay rock 3 sample and the cavity wall during the expansion process, the cavity wall of the ring body is smoothed. In this embodiment, mechanical polishing, chemical polishing, or surface coating can be used. Since the expansion performance of the clay rock will be affected by changes in water content, vaseline can be applied to the cavity wall to reduce the friction between the modified clay rock 3 sample and the cavity wall. It can form an isolation film between the sample and the ring to prevent moisture from penetrating and losing through the tiny gap between the ring wall and the sample during the test, thereby maintaining the stability of the sample's moisture content.

[0056] The following is a typical red layer mudstone in Sichuan area respectively using metal closed ring 1 and metal open ring 4 uniaxial expansion force test, its test results are shown in the following table:

[0057] Table 1 metal open ring and closed ring deformation statistics

[0058]

[0059] By comparing the deformation of metal closed ring 1 and metal open ring 4 under different expansion pressure level, the order of magnitude is relatively close, in absolute value, the deformation of open ring is about 60% of closed ring, which shows that in terms of deformation control, open ring can replace closed ring. Unlike metal closed ring 1, metal open ring 4 can adjust the gap between the sample and the steel ring through the bolt, so that the sample and the ring wall can be closely fitted, which can effectively control the deformation of the sample.

[0060] Table 2 rock sample uniaxial expansion force test results

[0061]

[0062] According to the uniaxial expansion force test results, the average uniaxial expansion force measured by metal open ring 4 is 214 kPa, while the value obtained by metal closed ring 1 is 149.6 kPa, and the calculation shows that the expansion force test value of metal open ring 4 is about 1.4 times of that of metal closed ring. Under the same test conditions, metal open ring 4 can effectively reduce the influence of void deformation stress release.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] This embodiment 2 provides a kind of clay rock expansion performance testing device, as shown in Figure 4 It includes bearing unit 10, test unit, data acquisition unit and data processing unit;

[0065] As shown in Figure 4 Bearing unit 10 includes the metal ring described in embodiment 1, improved clay rock 3 is placed in the metal ring, thin filter paper is placed at the upper and lower ends of improved clay rock 3, and water-permeable stone 15 with water content equivalent to improved clay rock 3 is placed, water inlet and outlet 11 is arranged below bearing unit 10, the water inlet and outlet 11 is communicated with metal ring, water is introduced into metal ring through water inlet and outlet 11, which can make improved clay rock 3 sample fully absorb water, simulate its water absorption process in actual engineering environment.

[0066] Please refer to as Figure 4As shown, the test unit includes a metal counterforce frame 12 and a load press, the metal counterforce frame 12 is erected above the bearing unit 10 in a frame structure, and each connection position of the frame is connected by welding or bolts, the load press is placed on the metal counterforce frame 12, the output end of the load press is connected to the load sensor 9 through a pressure regulating assembly, the load sensor 9 is used to detect the load applied to the modified clay rock during swelling, and the load sensor 9 is connected to the displacement sensor 14 through a contact force transmission rod, in this way, the pressure regulating assembly is fastened and connected through the fixing bolt 8, the position of the load sensor is stabilized, the load change during the swelling process of the sample can be accurately measured, and the unloading problem caused by the displacement of the equipment is avoided.

[0067] At the same time, the load press can control the swelling amount or the stability of the height of the sample (i.e. the displacement sensor display value is fixed) through the manual lifting control panel 7, and the load press is also connected to the force value display 6 and the internally provided force value sensor 13 at the upper part, the force value sensor 13 is used to detect the load applied to the modified clay rock 3 by the load press, when the load press applies a vertical load of 10 kPa to the modified clay rock 3, the data acquisition unit automatically acquires the reading signal of the force value sensor 13 and the displacement sensor 14 every 10 minutes, in this embodiment, the subtle load change can be accurately captured, the accuracy of the load sensor 9 is not less than 0.1 kPa, and the accuracy of the displacement sensor 14 is not less than 0.001 mm.

[0068] The above-mentioned data acquisition unit also includes a microstructure scanning system 17 for scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of the modified clay rock 3, the microstructure scanning system 17 can comprehensively reflect the swelling performance of the clay rock by obtaining the micro-level information of the modified clay rock 3, the data processing unit 16 is electrically connected to the data acquisition unit, can analyze and process a large amount of complex data collected, and thus helps researchers to deeply understand the swelling performance of the clay rock, and provides strong data support for determining the reasonable modified material and its mix proportion.

[0069] Use process:

[0070] The cavity wall surface of the metal collar is smoothed and smeared with vaseline to reduce the friction between the sample and the collar wall, the modified clay rock 3, the thin filter paper and the water-permeable stone 15 with a water content rate equivalent to that of the sample are prepared;

[0071] The modified clay rock is placed into the cavity of the metal open collar 4, the open gap is adjusted through the adjusting assembly, the modified clay rock is tightly fitted with the cavity wall, the thin filter paper and the water-permeable stone 15 are respectively placed at the upper and lower ends of the modified clay rock, and the assembly of the bearing unit 10 is completed;

[0072] Put the bearing unit 10 to the designated position of the device, adjust the lifting control disc 7 to make pre-contact, install the displacement sensor, and adjust the pre-contact force value of the lifting control disc 7 control force value display 6 and the pre-contact expansion deformation value of the displacement sensor 14;

[0073] Tighten the fixing bolt 8, connect the load sensor and the fixing bolt 8, stabilize the position of the load sensor and the displacement sensor 14, apply a vertical load of 10kPa to the sample, automatically collect the readings of the force value sensor 13 and the displacement sensor 14 every 10 minutes, and enter the next step when the three collected values are unchanged;

[0074] Slowly inject distilled water for testing into the water inlet and outlet 11 by using negative pressure, and observe the change of the reading of the displacement sensor 14 during the process;

[0075] The data acquisition unit automatically collects the readings of the force value sensor 13 and the displacement sensor 14 every 10 minutes, and ends the data collection when the difference between the two readings is less than 0.001mm for three times continuously within 1 hour or the saturation water inlet time is not less than 48 hours;

[0076] After the expansion test is completed, the water softening and mudification phenomenon on the surface of the test piece is described, the end test piece is taken for electron microscope scanning and X-ray diffraction analysis test;

[0077] The data acquisition unit transmits the collected data to the data processing unit 16, the data processing unit 16 analyzes and processes these data, obtains the performance indexes of the clay rock such as expansion force and expansion rate, and comprehensively evaluates the expansion performance of the clay rock in combination with the microstructure analysis result.

[0078] The above specific embodiments further specifically describe the purpose, technical scheme and beneficial effects of the utility model, and it should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the utility model, and is not used to limit the protection scope of the utility model, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the utility model should be included in the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A metal collar for testing the swelling properties of claystone, characterized in that, The application relates to a metal open ring (4) for testing the swelling performance of clay rock, which comprises a ring body, wherein a cavity for containing improved clay rock (3) is arranged in the middle of the ring body, and an opening penetrating the inner and outer side walls is arranged in the side wall of the cavity; an adjusting assembly is arranged on both sides of the opening, and the gap size of the opening can be adjusted through the adjusting assembly, so that the containing improved clay rock (3) is tightly attached to the cavity wall. The adjusting assembly comprises a pair of supporting plates and bolts (5). The supporting plates are respectively connected to the two sides of the opening, and the gap between the opening and the screw thread of the supporting plate is adjusted through the bolts (5).

2. The metal collar for testing swelling properties of clay rocks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cavity wall surface of the ring body is subjected to smoothing treatment. The cavity wall surface of the ring body is smeared with vaseline.

3. The metal collar for testing swelling properties of clay rocks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The size of the opening is between 0.1 and 0.5 mm.

4. The metal collar for testing swelling properties of clay rocks according to claim 3, characterized in that, The application further relates to a bearing unit (10) comprising the metal ring for testing the swelling performance of clay rock, wherein improved clay rock (3) is arranged in the metal ring, thin filter paper is arranged at the upper and lower ends of the improved clay rock (3), and water-permeable stones (15) with a water content equivalent to that of the improved clay rock (3) are arranged.

5. The metal collar for testing swelling properties of clay rocks according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The application further relates to a testing unit comprising a load press, which applies vertical load to the improved clay rock (3).

6. A device for testing the swelling properties of a clay rock, characterized in that, The application further relates to a data acquisition unit comprising a pressure sensor assembly for detecting the pressure borne by the improved clay rock (3), a displacement sensor (14) for detecting the swelling deformation amount of the improved clay rock (3), and a microstructure scanning system for performing electron microscope scanning and X-ray diffraction analysis on the improved clay rock (3). The application further relates to a data processing unit (16) electrically connected to the data acquisition unit. The pressure sensor assembly comprises a load sensor (9) and a force value sensor (13), wherein the load sensor (9) is arranged above the bearing unit (10) and is used for detecting the load applied to the improved clay rock (3) during swelling, the force value sensor (13) is arranged above the testing unit and is used for detecting the load force applied to the improved clay rock (3) by the load press, and the load sensor (9) and the force value sensor (13) are both electrically connected to the data processing unit (16). The precision of the load sensor (9) is not less than 0.1 kPa, and the precision of the displacement sensor (14) is not less than 0.001 mm. The testing unit further comprises a pressure regulating assembly, which comprises a fixing bolt (8), one end of the fixing bolt (8) is connected to the output end of the load press, the other end of the fixing bolt (8) penetrates the screw rod above the load sensor (9), and the fixing bolt (8) is fixed through screwing of a nut.

7. The device of claim 6, wherein the device is configured to test the swelling properties of a clay rock. The testing unit further comprises a metal counterforce frame (12), which adopts a frame structure, and each connecting position of the frame adopts welding or bolt connection.

8. The device for testing swelling properties of clay rocks according to claim 7, characterized in that, ​ 9. The device of claim 7, wherein the device is configured to test the swelling properties of a clay rock. ​ 10. The device of claim 7, wherein the device is configured to test the swelling properties of a clay rock. ​

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