Perforating charge shell capable of controlling fragments
By designing a three-section frustum structure and a specific rectangular groove inside the perforation cartridge casing, the shape and number of fragments can be controlled, thus solving the problem of perforation gun jamming and improving perforation performance and wellbore accessibility.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423076576.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-31
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-12
AI Technical Summary
After perforation, a large number of fragments from existing perforating guns enter the wellbore through the perforating gun, leading to perforating gun jamming and perforation channel blockage, especially increasing frictional resistance in large inclined and horizontal wells.
Design a perforating projectile casing with controllable fragments, using a combination of a three-section truncated cone structure and a specific rectangular groove to control the shape and number of fragments, keeping them inside the perforating gun, and improving energy utilization by adjusting the explosive detonation waveform.
It reduces the risk of the perforating gun jamming, improves the perforation capability of the perforating projectile, and ensures that a large-diameter oil flow channel is formed in the wellbore and oil reservoir.
Smart Images
Figure CN223497895U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of petroleum exploration technology, and relates to perforating projectiles and their casings, specifically to a perforating projectile casing with controllable fragments. Background Technology
[0002] In oil and gas field development, perforators are used to connect the formation and wellbore for perforation operations. Perforation cartridges are the main working components of the perforator. A perforation cartridge mainly consists of a cartridge case, explosive, and a shaped charge liner. During perforation completion operations, the cartridge case, under the action of the explosive, forms natural fragments of varying sizes and shapes. These products, under the influence of the explosion products and well fluid, enter the wellbore from the perforation gun. Some fragments may even enter the perforation channel, causing blockage and obstructing the oil and gas flow. In deviated and horizontal wells, during the gun stringing process, a large number of small fragments may flow into the well through the perforation holes, increasing the frictional resistance between the gun and the casing, and even causing gun jamming. Summary of the Invention
[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model proposes a perforation projectile casing with controllable fragments, in order to solve the technical problem in existing technologies where, after a large-diameter perforation projectile is fired, a large number of fragments enter the well shaft through the gun hole on the perforation gun, causing the perforation gun to jam.
[0004] Another objective of this invention is to propose a perforating projectile casing with controllable fragmentation to ensure the perforating projectile's penetration capability downhole.
[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0006] A perforating projectile casing with controllable fragmentation includes a perforating projectile casing comprising a first frustum casing, a second frustum casing, and a cylindrical casing.
[0007] The first frustum shell contains an upper frustum cavity and a middle frustum cavity, the second frustum shell contains a lower frustum cavity, and the cylindrical shell contains a bottom cylindrical cavity. The upper frustum cavity, the middle frustum cavity, the lower frustum cavity, and the bottom cylindrical cavity are connected in sequence.
[0008] The upper frustum cavity has an upper rectangular groove on its wall, the middle frustum cavity has a middle rectangular groove on its wall, the lower frustum cavity has a lower rectangular groove on its wall, and the bottom cylindrical cavity has a longitudinal rectangular groove and a circumferential rectangular groove on its wall. The upper rectangular groove, middle rectangular groove, lower rectangular groove, longitudinal rectangular groove, and circumferential rectangular groove are connected in sequence.
[0009] This utility model also has the following technical features:
[0010] The height of the upper frustum cavity is H1, the height of the middle frustum cavity is H2, and the height of the lower frustum cavity is H3.
[0011] The height H1 of the upper frustum cavity is equal to the height H2 of the middle frustum cavity, and the ratio of the height H2 of the middle frustum cavity to the height H3 of the lower frustum cavity is 2 to 4.
[0012] The cone angle α of the upper frustum cavity is 130° to 160°, the cone angle β of the middle frustum cavity is 100° to 120°, and the cone angle γ of the lower frustum cavity is 50° to 80°.
[0013] The number of the upper rectangular groove, the middle rectangular groove, the lower rectangular groove, and the longitudinal rectangular groove are all 3 to 6. The groove depth of the upper rectangular groove, the middle rectangular groove, the lower rectangular groove, and the longitudinal rectangular groove is all 1 to 3 mm, and the groove width of the upper rectangular groove, the middle rectangular groove, the lower rectangular groove, and the longitudinal rectangular groove is all 1 to 5 mm.
[0014] The number of circumferential rectangular grooves is one, the groove depth is 1-3mm, and the groove width is 1-5mm.
[0015] The casing of the perforated projectile is provided with a cylindrical detonation hole.
[0016] The perforated projectile casing is provided with a shaped charge liner, which is located in the cavity formed by the upper frustum cavity, the middle frustum cavity, the lower frustum cavity, and the bottom cylindrical cavity.
[0017] High-energy explosives are assembled between the perforation shell and the shaped charge liner.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
[0019] (I) The perforating shell with controllable fragments proposed in this utility model, by machining a rectangular groove inside the perforating shell, allows the perforating shell to form fragments of controllable size, shape and number after the high-energy explosive detonates, thereby keeping the fragments inside the perforating gun and reducing the risk of gun jamming during well lifting operations.
[0020] (II) The present invention proposes a specific three-section frustum cavity structure inside the perforating projectile casing, which can adjust the explosion waveform after the explosive detonation, improve the energy utilization rate of the high-energy explosive by the shaped charge liner, and make the perforating ability of the perforating projectile not affected by the groove of the perforating projectile casing, so as to achieve the purpose of penetrating the casing and formation and forming a large-diameter oil flow channel in the wellbore and oil reservoir. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 This is a front cross-sectional view of the casing of a large-aperture perforating projectile and its controllable fragments.
[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front view cross section of a large-aperture perforating projectile.
[0023] Figure 3(a) shows the simulation results of a conventional large-aperture perforating projectile.
[0024] Figure 3(b) shows the simulation results of a large-diameter perforating projectile with grooves.
[0025] Figure 4(a) shows the simulation results of another conventional large-aperture perforating projectile.
[0026] Figure 4(b) shows the simulation results of another type of grooved large-aperture perforating projectile.
[0027] The labels in the diagram represent: 1-perforation shell, 2-cylindrical detonation hole, 3-shaped charge liner, and 4-high-energy explosive.
[0028] 101-First frustum shell, 102-Second frustum shell, 103-Cylindrical shell.
[0029] 10101 - Upper frustoconical cavity, 10102 - Middle frustoconical cavity.
[0030] 10201 - Lower frustoconical cavity.
[0031] 10301 - Cylindrical cavity.
[0032] 1010101 - Upper rectangular groove, 1010102 - Middle rectangular groove.
[0033] 1020101 - Lower rectangular groove.
[0034] 1030101 - Longitudinal rectangular groove, 1030102 - Circumferential rectangular groove.
[0035] The specific content of this utility model will be further explained in detail below with reference to the embodiments. Detailed Implementation
[0036] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all components and materials in this utility model are based on components and materials known in the prior art.
[0037] In this invention, a large aperture refers to a perforation diameter greater than or equal to 14.0 mm.
[0038] Following the above technical solution, the following are specific embodiments of this utility model. It should be noted that this utility model is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent modifications made based on the technical solution of this application fall within the protection scope of this utility model.
[0039] Example 1:
[0040] This embodiment provides a perforating projectile casing with controllable fragmentation, including a perforating projectile casing 1, as shown below. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the perforation shell 1 includes a first frustum shell 101, a second frustum shell 102, and a cylindrical shell 103.
[0041] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the first frustum housing 101 contains an upper frustum cavity 10101 and a middle frustum cavity 10102, the second frustum housing 102 contains a lower frustum cavity 10201, and the cylindrical housing 103 contains a bottom cylindrical cavity 10301. The upper frustum cavity 10101, the middle frustum cavity 10102, the lower frustum cavity 10201, and the bottom cylindrical cavity 10301 are connected in sequence.
[0042] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the upper frustum cavity 10101 has an upper rectangular groove 1010101 on its cavity wall, the middle frustum cavity 10102 has a middle rectangular groove 1010102 on its cavity wall, the lower frustum cavity 10201 has a lower rectangular groove 1020101 on its cavity wall, and the bottom cylindrical cavity 10301 has a longitudinal rectangular groove 1030101 and a circumferential rectangular groove 1030102 on its cavity wall. The upper rectangular groove 1010101, the middle rectangular groove 1010102, the lower rectangular groove 1020101, the longitudinal rectangular groove 1030101, and the circumferential rectangular groove 1030102 are connected in sequence.
[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, the height of the upper frustum cavity 10101 is H1, the height of the middle frustum cavity 10102 is H2, and the height of the lower frustum cavity 10201 is H3.
[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a cylindrical detonation hole 2 is provided on the casing 1 of the perforated projectile.
[0045] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a shaped charge liner 3 is provided inside the casing 1 of the perforated projectile. The shaped charge liner 3 is located in the cavity formed by the upper frustum cavity 10101, the middle frustum cavity 10102, the lower frustum cavity 10201, and the bottom cylindrical cavity 10301.
[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, a high-energy explosive 4 is assembled between the perforation shell 1 and the shaped charge liner 3. The high-energy explosive 4 can be HMX octogen, RDX RDX, PYX Piwick, HNS hexanitrodithium or DAP ammonium perchlorate triethylenediamine complex salt, etc.
[0047] In this embodiment, the height H1 of the upper frustum cavity 10101 is equal to the height H2 of the middle frustum cavity 10102, and the ratio of the height H2 of the middle frustum cavity 10102 to the height H3 of the lower frustum cavity 10201 is 2 to 4.
[0048] Specifically, in this embodiment, the cone angle α of the upper frustum cavity 10101 is 130° to 160°, the cone angle β of the middle frustum cavity 10102 is 100° to 120°, and the cone angle γ of the lower frustum cavity 10201 is 50° to 80°. The cone angles of the upper frustum cavity 10101, the middle frustum cavity 10102, and the lower frustum cavity 10201 decrease sequentially from top to bottom. This adjusts the detonation waveform of the high-energy explosive 4, reduces the impact of the perforation performance of the perforation shell 1 caused by the grooves, and ensures the perforation capability of the perforation shell.
[0049] Specifically, in this embodiment, there are 3 to 6 upper rectangular grooves 1010101, middle rectangular grooves 1010102, lower rectangular grooves 1020101, and longitudinal rectangular grooves 1030101. The groove depths of the upper rectangular grooves 1010101, middle rectangular grooves 1010102, lower rectangular grooves 1020101, and longitudinal rectangular grooves 1030101 are all 1 to 3 mm, and the groove widths of the upper rectangular grooves 1010101, middle rectangular grooves 1010102, lower rectangular grooves 1020101, and longitudinal rectangular grooves 1030101 are all 1 to 5 mm. There is one circumferential rectangular groove 1030102, with a groove depth of 1 to 3 mm and a groove width of 1 to 5 mm. The upper rectangular groove 1010101, the middle rectangular groove 1010102, the lower rectangular groove 1020101, the longitudinal rectangular groove 1030101, and the circumferential rectangular groove 1030102 ensure that the high-energy explosive 4 inside the perforation shell 1 forms controllable fragments after detonation, thereby preventing the fragments from entering the wellbore through the perforation gun hole.
[0050] In this embodiment, the preferred embodiment is that the shaped charge 3 is made by spinning a mixture of metal powders consisting of 30 wt.% tungsten powder, 40 wt.% copper powder, 10 wt.% lead powder, 15 wt.% titanium powder and 5 wt.% aluminum powder.
[0051] In this specific embodiment, after the high-energy explosive 4 is detonated, it first passes through the upper rectangular groove 1010101, middle rectangular groove 1010102, lower rectangular groove 10201, and circumferential rectangular groove 1030102 on the upper rectangular cavity 10101, middle rectangular groove 1010102, lower rectangular groove 1020101, longitudinal rectangular groove 1030101, and circumferential rectangular groove 1030102 on the cavity wall of the upper rectangular cavity 10101, middle rectangular groove 1010102, lower rectangular groove 1020101, longitudinal rectangular groove 1030101, and circumferential rectangular groove 1030102 on the cavity wall of the lower rectangular cavity 10201 and the lower cylindrical cavity 10301, thereby reducing the probability of the perforating shell 1 fragments flying out of the perforating gun.
[0052] In this embodiment, preferably, the height H1 of the upper frustum cavity 10101 is equal to the height H2 of the middle frustum cavity 10102, and the ratio of the height H2 of the middle frustum cavity 10102 to the height H3 of the lower frustum cavity 10201 is 2.
[0053] In this preferred embodiment, the cone angle α of the upper frustum cavity 10101 is 140°, the cone angle β of the middle frustum cavity 10102 is 110°, and the cone angle γ of the lower frustum cavity 10201 is 60°.
[0054] Preferably, in this embodiment, there are four upper rectangular grooves 1010101, four middle rectangular grooves 1010102, four lower rectangular grooves 1020101, and four longitudinal rectangular grooves 1030101. The groove depth of each of the upper rectangular grooves 1010101, the middle rectangular grooves 1010102, the lower rectangular grooves 1020101, and the longitudinal rectangular groove 1030101 is 1.5 mm, and the groove width of each of the upper rectangular grooves 1010101, the middle rectangular grooves 1010102, the lower rectangular grooves 1020101, and the longitudinal rectangular groove 1030101 is 2 mm. The groove depth of the circumferential rectangular groove 1030102 is 1.5 mm, and the groove width of the circumferential rectangular groove 1030102 is 2 mm.
[0055] In this embodiment, the high-energy explosive 4 is preferably an R852 mixed explosive with RDX as the main component, and the charge of the R852 mixed explosive is 23g.
[0056] Numerical simulations were performed to compare the large-aperture perforating projectile in this example with those of conventional large-aperture perforating projectiles. The simulation diagrams of the perforation of the projectile are shown in Figure 3(a) and Figure 3(b), and the simulation results are shown in Table 1.
[0057] Table 1 Comparison of Simulation Results of Perforation Performance of Perforating Projectiles
[0058]
[0059] As shown in Figures 3(a), 3(b) and Table 1, the penetration depth of the large-aperture perforating projectile in this example is 233 mm, while the penetration depth of the conventional large-aperture perforating projectile is 235 mm, and the penetration depths are basically the same.
[0060] After loading the large-aperture perforating projectile into the 114 perforating gun, it was tested against a known API standard concrete target. The average perforation depth was 220 mm, the average hole diameter on the casing was 21.6 mm, and the fragment recovery rate was 85.3%. The experimental results are basically consistent with the simulation results, indicating that the large-aperture perforating projectile in this embodiment not only ensures the perforation performance of the projectile but also improves the recovery rate of the perforating projectile casing fragments, reducing the risk of the perforating gun jamming.
[0061] Example 2:
[0062] This embodiment provides a perforating projectile casing with controllable fragmentation. The structure of its large-aperture perforating projectile is basically the same as that of the large-aperture perforating projectile proposed in Embodiment 1. The difference is that the height H1 of the upper frustum cavity 10101 is equal to the height H2 of the middle frustum cavity 10102, and the ratio of the height H2 of the middle frustum cavity 10102 to the height H3 of the lower frustum cavity 10201 is 3. Another difference is that the cone angle α of the upper frustum cavity 10101 is 150°, the cone angle β of the middle frustum cavity 10102 is 115°, and the cone angle γ of the lower frustum cavity 10201 is 70°.
[0063] Numerical simulations were performed to compare the large-aperture perforating projectile in this example with a conventional large-aperture perforating projectile. The simulation diagrams of the perforation of the projectile are shown in Figure 4(a) and Figure 4(b), and the simulation results are shown in Table 2.
[0064] Table 2 Comparison of Simulation Results of Perforation Performance of Perforating Projectiles
[0065]
[0066] As shown in Figures 4(a), 4(b) and Table 2, the penetration depth of the large-aperture perforating projectile in this example is 223 mm, while the penetration depth of the conventional large-aperture perforating projectile is 235 mm, and the penetration depths are basically the same.
[0067] After loading the large-aperture perforating projectile into the 114 perforating gun in this example, and testing it on a known API standard concrete target, the average perforation depth was measured to be 225 mm, the average hole diameter on the casing was 22 mm, and the fragment recovery rate was 83.8%. The experimental results are basically consistent with the simulation results, indicating that the large-aperture perforating projectile in this embodiment not only ensures the perforation performance of the projectile but also improves the recovery rate of the perforating projectile casing fragments, reducing the risk of the perforating gun jamming.
Claims
1. A perforating projectile casing with controllable fragmentation, comprising a perforating projectile casing (1), characterized in that, The perforating shell (1) includes a first frustum shell (101), a second frustum shell (102), and a cylindrical shell (103). The first frustum shell (101) contains an upper frustum cavity (10101) and a middle frustum cavity (10102), the second frustum shell (102) contains a lower frustum cavity (10201), and the cylindrical shell (103) contains a bottom cylindrical cavity (10301). The upper frustum cavity (10101), the middle frustum cavity (10102), the lower frustum cavity (10201), and the bottom cylindrical cavity (10301) are connected in sequence. The upper frustum cavity (10101) has an upper rectangular groove (1010101) on its cavity wall, the middle frustum cavity (10102) has a middle rectangular groove (1010102) on its cavity wall, the lower frustum cavity (10201) has a lower rectangular groove (1020101) on its cavity wall, and the bottom cylindrical cavity (10301) has a longitudinal rectangular groove (1030101) and a circumferential rectangular groove (1030102) on its cavity wall. The upper rectangular groove (1010101), the middle rectangular groove (1010102), the lower rectangular groove (1020101), the longitudinal rectangular groove (1030101), and the circumferential rectangular groove (1030102) are connected in sequence.
2. The perforated cartridge case with controllable fragmentation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the upper frustum cavity (10101) is H1, the height of the middle frustum cavity (10102) is H2, and the height of the lower frustum cavity (10201) is H3. The height H1 of the upper frustum cavity (10101) is equal to the height H2 of the middle frustum cavity (10102), and the ratio of the height H2 of the middle frustum cavity (10102) to the height H3 of the lower frustum cavity (10201) is 2 to 4.
3. The perforated cartridge case with controllable fragmentation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cone angle α of the upper frustum cavity (10101) is 130° to 160°, the cone angle β of the middle frustum cavity (10102) is 100° to 120°, and the cone angle γ of the lower frustum cavity (10201) is 50° to 80°.
4. The perforated cartridge case with controllable fragmentation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the upper rectangular groove (1010101), the middle rectangular groove (1010102), the lower rectangular groove (1020101), and the longitudinal rectangular groove (1030101) are all 3 to 6. The groove depth of the upper rectangular groove (1010101), the middle rectangular groove (1010102), the lower rectangular groove (1020101), and the longitudinal rectangular groove (1030101) is 1 to 3 mm. The groove width of the upper rectangular groove (1010101), the middle rectangular groove (1010102), the lower rectangular groove (1020101), and the longitudinal rectangular groove (1030101) is 1 to 5 mm.
5. The perforated cartridge case with controllable fragmentation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the circumferential rectangular groove (1030102) is 1, the groove depth of the circumferential rectangular groove (1030102) is 1-3mm, and the groove width of the circumferential rectangular groove (1030102) is 1-5mm.
6. The perforated cartridge case with controllable fragmentation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The perforated shell casing (1) is provided with a cylindrical detonation hole (2).
7. The perforated cartridge case with controllable fragmentation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The perforated shell (1) is provided with a shaped charge liner (3), which is located in the cavity formed by the upper frustum cavity (10101), the middle frustum cavity (10102), the lower frustum cavity (10201), and the bottom cylindrical cavity (10301).
8. The perforated cartridge case with controllable fragmentation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A high-energy explosive (4) is assembled between the perforation shell (1) and the shaped charge liner (3).