Multifunctional air-proof and sand-proof tool

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multifunctional gas and sand prevention tool, and belongs to the technical field of oil exploitation equipment. The tool comprises a center pipe, a blocking core is fixed to the upper portion of the center pipe through a first positioning nail, a sliding core with a spring and a baffle ring penetrates into a center hole, perpendicular to the blocking core, of the blocking core, and the sliding core moves up and down according to pressure difference, gravity and elastic force to achieve alternate opening and closing of a liquid outlet and an exhaust port. The central pipe is in internal threaded connection with the upper joint, the lower part of the central pipe is inserted into an inner hole of the lower joint, the middle part of the central pipe is fixedly provided with a gas-phase isolation cylinder with a spiral sheet through a positioning nail II, and a liquid guide pipe penetrates through the middle lower part of the central pipe and is fixedly welded with a sand-liquid isolation cylinder; a semi-ring plug is welded on the central pipe and is positioned in an annular space between the central pipe and the outer pipe; and the exhaust port and the mixed phase inlet are oppositely staggered and have a height difference. The tool can efficiently separate sand and gas in a mixed phase, eliminate the hidden danger of gas backflow and improve the efficiency of an oil well pump.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of oil extraction equipment technology, specifically to a multifunctional gas and sand protection tool. Background Technology

[0002] As oil and gas field development enters its mid-to-late stages, the water cut in oil wells continuously increases, leading to a higher gas-liquid ratio. Simultaneously, formation sand particles enter the wellbore along with the oil, gas, and water mixture, posing a significant challenge to oil well production. During oil well production, gas and sand particles are two major factors affecting the normal operation of pumping units. Gas can cause gas lock-up, reducing pump efficiency or even causing shutdown; while sand particles accelerate pump wear, shorten equipment lifespan, and increase maintenance costs. Therefore, developing an effective gas and sand control tool is crucial for improving oil well production efficiency.

[0003] CN117780327A discloses a two-stage venting and sand-prevention device for an oil pump. This device reduces sand particles and gas entering the pump chamber through a two-stage venting structure and a sedimentation sand-removal structure, improving the working environment of the oil pump. However, the venting structure of this device is relatively simple, lacking an active gas-liquid switching structure. When the plunger moves downward during the stroke, pressure leakage occurs in the plunger's valve ball, the outer tube inlet, and the first-stage venting port, making it impossible to maintain the upward movement of the set ball. When the gas content is high, the efficiency of the second-stage venting port is insufficient, easily leading to the backflow of unvented gas and reducing the liquid intake. Simultaneously, structurally, the first-stage venting port and the outer tube inlet cannot achieve venting and liquid intake isolation, resulting in a large outflow of gas and liquid separated in the first stage from the outer tube inlet, and a large inflow of liquid from outside the tube from the first-stage venting port, reducing the gas-liquid-sand separation efficiency.

[0004] Existing gas and sand prevention tools generally suffer from the following shortcomings: First, the simple exhaust structure prevents effective gas discharge, leading to frequent airlock problems; second, incompletely discharged gas is prone to backflow, reducing exhaust efficiency and liquid intake; third, the gas-liquid separation efficiency is low, and the shared inlet and outlet cause gas-liquid interference and gas backflow; fourth, sand particles do not settle completely, and the lack of swirling separation and directional settling structures leads to secondary wear; fifth, the traditional valve switching structure has a lagging opening and closing control, which cannot respond to stroke pressure changes in real time, causing the outlet and exhaust port to be unable to open and close alternately, resulting in a double-opening phenomenon.

[0005] These technical issues cause oil pumps to face the dual challenges of gas interference and gas lock leading to reduced pump efficiency or even pumping interruption, and sand-laden fluid erosion of the plunger and pump barrel inner wall, resulting in shortened equipment life and increased well workover costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a multifunctional gas and sand control tool that can efficiently separate gas, effectively prevent sand, has a compact structure, and is highly responsive, in order to improve oil well production efficiency and extend equipment life. Utility Model Content

[0006] This utility model aims to solve the aforementioned technical problems, address the adverse effects of gas and sand particles on oil pumps and related equipment during oil well production, improve oil production efficiency, extend equipment service life, and thus provide a multifunctional gas and sand prevention tool.

[0007] The multifunctional gas and sand protection tool disclosed in this utility model has the following specific structure:

[0008] A multifunctional gas and sand prevention tool includes: an outer tube, a stop core, and a sliding core. The outer tube is connected to the upper connector via an external thread, and the upper connector is used to connect to the lower part of an oil pump. Together, they form the outer frame of the tool. The central tube is connected to the upper connector via an internal thread for liquid transfer. The lower part of the outer tube is threaded to the lower connector, and the lower part of the central tube is inserted into the inner hole of the lower connector. The lower connector is used to connect to a sand-collecting pipe.

[0009] A positioning pin penetrates the central tube, positioning the baffle core in the upper part of the central tube. The upper outer ring of the baffle core has a sealing groove, and a sealing rubber ring is fitted inside the groove. The baffle core has a central hole drilled through it, and there are flow holes at both the upper and lower ends. The central tube is drilled and together with the flow hole at the upper part of the baffle core, it forms a liquid outlet. The vent pipe is inserted into the pre-set threaded holes of the outer tube and the central tube and the flow hole at the lower part of the baffle core through a threaded connection, thereby forming a vent. A circular flow channel is bored out at the intersection of the flow hole and the central hole of the baffle core.

[0010] The sliding core passes through the center hole of the retaining core. After the lower part of the sliding core is fitted with a spring, it is locked to the retaining ring by threads. The upper part of the sliding core is provided with a liquid passage, the lower part is provided with an exhaust passage, and a sealing groove is provided in the middle of the outer ring of the sliding core. A sealing rubber ring is fitted inside the groove.

[0011] The central tube is pierced by two positioning nails, which position the gas phase isolation cylinder in the middle of the central tube. The outer ring of the gas phase isolation cylinder is welded with spiral blades. The gas phase isolation cylinder has spirally distributed air holes drilled along the lower part of the spiral blades. The bottom diameter of the gas phase isolation cylinder becomes smaller to form a sand drop pipe.

[0012] The liquid guide tube is threaded into the lower part of the central tube after drilling and the sand-liquid isolation cylinder in sequence, and then spot-welded to form the liquid inlet.

[0013] A semi-circular plug is welded onto the central tube, located in the annular space between the central tube and the outer tube. The semi-circular plug is drilled obliquely out of the mixed phase inlet, and the inner surface of the mixed phase inlet is tangent to the inner cylindrical surface of the central tube. The fitting gap in the mixed phase inlet is welded and ground to ensure the sealing of the outer annulus of the central tube.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant and outstanding advantages:

[0015] This invention employs a height difference opposing exhaust port design and a sliding core switching system to create a dedicated and efficient channel for gas discharge from the pump chamber. Unlike valve structures, the sliding core rigid switching mechanism allows for precise movement of the sliding core according to pressure differences within the pump chamber during operation, strictly controlling the alternating opening and closing of the liquid outlet and exhaust port, ensuring rapid gas discharge the instant it is generated. Simultaneously, the gas phase isolation cylinder has spirally distributed air holes along the lower part of the spiral blades, ensuring that the separated gas enters the gas storage chamber immediately, effectively avoiding pump efficiency reduction and gas lock phenomena caused by gas accumulation, providing strong support for stable oil production operations.

[0016] The isolation cylinder structure works in close conjunction with the spiral vane vortex system, utilizing fluid dynamics principles to separate and guide sand-containing liquids. The spiral structure of the spiral vanes generates a stable vortex during liquid transport, using centrifugal force to efficiently separate sand particles and allow them to settle into a designated area. Furthermore, the ingeniously designed sand dropper within the gas phase isolation cylinder allows residual sand to fall smoothly into the sand settling tank, preventing sand accumulation and enabling independent operation of the liquid phase annulus without interference. This combined design significantly reduces the erosive wear of sand particles on the pump cylinder inner wall, plunger, and other critical components.

[0017] This invention utilizes a gas discharge mechanism driven by repetitive up-and-down stroke motion, combined with a height difference between the exhaust port and the liquid inlet, to overcome the problem of mutual interference between liquid inlet and exhaust in traditional oil pumps. By rationally designing the height difference and the inlet / outlet direction, a stable unidirectional gas discharge path is ensured, eliminating the risk of residual gas backflow near the liquid inlet. This optimized design effectively improves the effective volume utilization rate of the pump chamber and enhances the working efficiency of the oil pump. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multifunctional gas and sand protection tool;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the lifting of the sliding core of a multifunctional anti-air and anti-sand tool;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a multifunctional gas and sand protection tool.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0023] 1. Upper connector; 2. Outer tube; 3. Central tube; 4. Baffle core; 5. Sliding core; 6. Positioning pin one; 7. Spring; 8. Baffle ring; 9. Semi-ring plug; 10. Gas phase isolation cylinder; 11. Spiral blade; 12. Liquid guide pipe; 13. Sand-liquid isolation cylinder; 14. Lower connector; 15. Positioning pin two; 16. Exhaust pipe; 4.1. Static sand discharge tank one; 4.2. Static sand discharge tank two; 5.1. Dynamic sand discharge tank; a. Liquid storage chamber; b. Liquid outlet; c. Exhaust port; d. Gas storage chamber; e. Mixed phase inlet; f. Mixing separation zone; g. Liquid inlet; h. Liquid phase annulus; i. Sand annulus. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of this utility model will be comprehensively, clearly, and completely described below in close conjunction with the embodiments of this utility model. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are covered within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0025] In the description of this utility model, it should be specifically noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are merely for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are by no means intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, in practical applications, these terms should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a multifunctional gas and sand protection tool includes: an outer tube 2, a retaining core 4, and a sliding core 5. The outer tube 2 is connected to the upper connector 1 via an external thread. The upper connector 1 is used to connect to the lower part of an oil pump, and the two together form the external frame of the tool. The central tube 3 is connected to the upper connector 1 via an internal thread, and its function is for liquid transfer. The lower part of the outer tube 2 is threaded to the lower connector 14, and the lower part of the central tube 3 is inserted into the inner hole of the lower connector 14, which is used to connect to a sand-collecting pipe.

[0028] Positioning pin 6 penetrates the central tube 3, positioning the stop core 4 in the upper part of the central tube 3.

[0029] The upper outer ring of the baffle core 4 is designed with a sealing groove, and a sealing rubber ring is fitted inside the sealing groove to ensure a sealing effect. The baffle core 4 has a central hole and flow holes at both the upper and lower ends. The central tube 3 is drilled and together with the flow holes on the upper part of the baffle core 4, it forms the liquid outlet b. The baffle core 4 has a static sand discharge groove 4.1 machined on the upper part of the central hole and a static sand discharge groove 4.2 machined on the lower part. The static sand discharge grooves have inclined surfaces at the top and bottom, and eight small holes for discharging mud and sand are distributed at the bottom of the static sand discharge grooves. The exhaust pipe 16 is inserted into the pre-set threaded holes of the outer tube 2 and the central tube 3 and the flow holes at the lower part of the baffle core 4 through a threaded connection, thereby forming the exhaust port c. A circular flow channel is bored at the intersection of the flow holes and the central hole of the baffle core 4 to ensure that the gas and liquid fluid can still flow smoothly when the sliding core 5 moves and rotates. The baffle core 4 plays the role of blocking, separating and guiding the fluid.

[0030] The sliding core 5 passes through the central hole of the retaining core 4. After the lower part of the sliding core 5 is fitted with the spring 7, it is locked to the retaining ring 8 by threads. The upper part of the sliding core 5 is designed with a fluid passage, and the lower part is designed with a venting passage.

[0031] The outer ring of the sliding core 5 is provided with a dynamic sand discharge groove 5.1. The groove has inclined surfaces at the top and bottom, and eight small inclined openings for discharging mud and sand are distributed at the bottom of the groove.

[0032] The sliding core 5 generates a pressure difference between the liquid storage chamber a and the gas storage chamber d during the up-and-down stroke of the oil pump plunger. Combined with the action of gravity and the elastic force of the spring 7, the sliding core 5 moves up and down, realizing the alternating opening and closing of the liquid outlet b and the exhaust port c. The pressure difference threshold of the sliding core 5 is 0.03MPa-0.1MPa.

[0033] The central tube 3 is pierced by positioning pin 15, positioning the gas phase isolation cylinder 10 in the middle of the central tube 3. A spiral blade 11 is welded to the outer ring of the gas phase isolation cylinder 10, and spirally distributed air holes are drilled along the lower part of the spiral blade 11. The bottom diameter of the gas phase isolation cylinder 10 decreases, forming a sand drop pipe. The liquid guide pipe 12 is threaded sequentially into the lower part of the drilled central tube 3 and the sand-liquid isolation cylinder 13, and spot-welded to form the liquid inlet g.

[0034] The exhaust port c and the mixed phase inlet e are arranged opposite each other with a vertical height difference of 400mm-1000mm to prevent the backflow of residual gas near the mixed phase inlet e. The height difference ensures that the gas in the gas storage chamber d is discharged in a timely manner.

[0035] A semi-annular plug 9 is welded onto the central tube 3, and the semi-annular plug 9 is located in the annular space between the central tube 3 and the outer tube 2. The semi-annular plug 9 is drilled obliquely out of the mixed phase inlet e, and the inner surface of the mixed phase inlet e is tangent to the inner cylindrical surface of the central tube 3. The fitting gap in the mixed phase inlet e is welded and ground to ensure the sealing of the outer annulus of the central tube 3.

[0036] Please see Figure 1-3The specific working principle of this embodiment is as follows:

[0037] In the production process, the plunger of a reciprocating oil pump performs up-and-down reciprocating motions.

[0038] Before the plunger's upward stroke begins;

[0039] Under the action of gravity and spring 7, the sliding core 5 is located below the center hole of the stop core 4. The channel of the exhaust port c is in the open state. The gas in the gas storage chamber d is discharged through the exhaust port c under the action of the height difference of the oil sleeve annulus liquid from the exhaust port c to the inlet of the mixed phase e.

[0040] During the upward stroke of the plunger;

[0041] The liquid storage chamber a is in a closed state. As the plunger moves upward, the pressure in the liquid storage chamber a is less than the pressure in the gas storage chamber d. When the pressure difference exceeds the weight of the sliding core 5 and the elastic force of the spring, the sliding core 5 moves upward to the opening position of the liquid outlet b channel. At this time, the exhaust port c channel is closed.

[0042] The pressure in the reservoir a caused by the upward stroke is less than the pressure in the annulus. The gas-liquid-sand mixture in the annulus passes through the mixed phase inlet e and is injected along the inner wall of the central pipe 3 into the mixing separation zone f outside the gas phase isolation cylinder 10. Under the action of the high-speed fluid and the spiral blade 11, the incoming gas-liquid-sand mixture generates a swirling flow. The sand particles are thrown outside the mixing separation zone f under the action of centrifugal force and fall into the sand annulus i along the inner wall of the central pipe 3, and finally fall into the sand settling pipe connected to the lower connector 14.

[0043] Under the action of centrifugal force and buoyancy, the gas phase is concentrated on the outer well wall of the gas phase isolation cylinder 10 and the intersection of the lower blade surface of the spiral blade 11. After the gas phase enters the exhaust hole on the outer well wall of the gas phase isolation cylinder 10, it is concentrated in the gas storage chamber d along the inner pipe of the gas phase isolation cylinder 10.

[0044] The liquid phase fluid after gas and sand separation in the mixing and separation zone f flows into the liquid phase annulus h, passes through the annulus of the inlet g and the outer pipe 2 of the central pipe 3, and finally flows into the storage chamber a through the open outlet b, and is pumped out of the oil well by the action of the reciprocating oil pump.

[0045] When the plunger begins its downward stroke;

[0046] The pressure in the liquid storage chamber a is greater than the annular pressure of the oil jacket. Under the influence of the pressure difference, its own weight, and the spring force, the sliding core 5 slides down to its reset position. At this time, the liquid outlet b is closed, and the exhaust port c is opened. The gas stored in the gas storage chamber d can be discharged through the exhaust port c via an independent channel due to the height difference of the liquid in the annular space between the exhaust port c and the mixed phase inlet e. It is worth noting that the exhaust port c and the mixed phase inlet e are arranged opposite each other, and there is a certain height difference between them. This design effectively avoids the mixed phase inlet e simultaneously handling both liquid inlet and exhaust, preventing gas that has not been completely discharged near the mixed phase inlet e from flowing back into the inlet, thus ensuring the effectiveness of gas-liquid separation.

[0047] As the plunger continuously repeats its up-and-down stroke motion, alternating the opening and closing of the liquid outlet b and the exhaust port c, this invention can continuously and effectively complete the gas-liquid-sand separation process, significantly reducing the probability of gas lock and sand jamming of the oil pump, and improving the operational stability and working efficiency of the equipment.

[0048] Some exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail. Those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional gas and sand protection tool, comprising: The outer tube (2), the baffle (4) and the sliding core (5) are characterized in that the upper outer ring of the baffle (4) is provided with a sealing groove and a sealing rubber ring, the baffle (4) is drilled with a central hole and each of the upper and lower ends is provided with a flow hole, the central tube (3) is drilled and together with the flow hole on the upper part of the baffle (4) forms an outlet (b), the exhaust pipe (16) is inserted into the preset threaded hole of the outer tube (2) and the central tube (3) and the flow hole on the lower part of the baffle (4) by means of threaded connection, thereby forming an exhaust port (c), and a circular flow channel is bored out at the intersection of the flow hole and the central hole of the baffle (4); The sliding core (5) passes through the center hole of the retaining core (4). After the lower part of the sliding core (5) is fitted with a spring (7), it is threadedly locked with the retaining ring (8). The upper part of the sliding core (5) has a liquid passage, and the lower part has an exhaust passage. The sliding core (5) generates a pressure difference between the liquid storage chamber (a) and the gas storage chamber (d) during the up-and-down stroke of the oil pump plunger. Combined with the action of gravity and the elastic force of the spring (7), the sliding core (5) moves up and down to realize the alternating opening and closing of the liquid outlet (b) and the exhaust port (c).

2. The multifunctional gas and sand protection tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer tube (2) is connected to the upper connector (1) by an external thread. The upper connector (1) is used to connect to the lower part of the oil pump. The central tube (3) is connected to the upper connector (1) by an internal thread. The lower part of the outer tube (2) is threaded to the lower connector (14). The lower part of the central tube (3) is inserted into the inner hole of the lower connector (14). The positioning pin (6) penetrates the central tube (3) to position the retaining core (4) in the upper part of the central tube (3).

3. The multifunctional gas and sand protection tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central tube (3) is penetrated by positioning pin 2 (15) to position the gas phase isolation cylinder (10) in the middle of the central tube (3). The outer ring of the gas phase isolation cylinder (10) is welded with spiral blades (11). The gas phase isolation cylinder (10) has spirally distributed air holes drilled along the lower part of the spiral blades (11). The bottom pipe diameter becomes smaller to form a sand drop pipe. The liquid guide pipe (12) is threaded into the lower part of the central tube (3) after drilling and the sand liquid isolation cylinder (13) and spot welded to form a liquid inlet (g).

4. A multifunctional gas and sand protection tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central tube (3) is welded with a semi-circular plug (9). The semi-circular plug (9) is located in the annular space between the central tube (3) and the outer tube (2). The semi-circular plug (9) is drilled obliquely out of the mixed phase inlet (e). The inner surface of the mixed phase inlet (e) is tangent to the inner cylindrical surface of the central tube (3).

5. A multifunctional gas and sand protection tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The exhaust port (c) and the mixed phase inlet (e) are arranged opposite each other with a vertical height difference of 400mm-1000mm to prevent residual gas near the mixed phase inlet (e) from flowing back.

6. A multifunctional gas and sand protection tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The retaining core (4) has a central hole drilled in the upper part and a static sand discharge groove 1 (4.1) machined in the upper part and a static sand discharge groove 2 (4.2) machined in the lower part. The static sand discharge groove has inclined surfaces at the top and bottom, and 8 small holes for discharging mud and sand are distributed at the bottom of the static sand discharge groove.

7. A multifunctional gas and sand protection tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer ring of the sliding core (5) is provided with a dynamic sand discharge groove (5.1), with inclined surfaces at the top and bottom, and 8 small inclined openings for discharging mud and sand distributed at the bottom of the groove.

8. A multifunctional gas and sand protection tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The response differential pressure threshold of the sliding core 5 is 0.03MPa-0.1MPa.

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