Battery structure assembly and battery

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of energy storage devices, in particular to a battery structure assembly and a battery, and the battery structure assembly comprises a tab, an adapter piece and a melting piece. The melting piece is clamped between the tab and the adapter, the tab and the adapter only conduct electricity through the melting piece, the melting point of the melting piece is higher than the highest temperature of the melting piece when the battery works normally, and the melting point of the melting piece is lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery. When the temperature of the melting piece is higher than the highest temperature of the melting piece when the battery works normally, namely the battery is subjected to thermal runaway and is lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery, the melting piece is melted, so that the connection between the tab and the switching piece is disconnected, and an open circuit occurs in the battery; therefore, further development of thermal runaway of the battery is prevented, the harm of thermal runaway can be reduced, and the safety of the battery is improved. The battery comprises a battery shell and the battery structure assembly, wherein the battery structure assembly is arranged in the battery shell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of energy storage device technology, and in particular to a battery structure component and a battery. Background Technology

[0002] Conventional batteries are susceptible to thermal runaway, which can easily lead to safety accidents and economic losses. Even the currently available semi-solid-state batteries cannot completely solve the problem of battery thermal runaway, while mass production of all-solid-state batteries is currently quite difficult. Utility Model Content

[0003] One objective of this invention is to provide a battery structure component that can reduce the hazards of thermal runaway and improve battery safety.

[0004] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A battery structure assembly is provided, comprising:

[0006] Extreme ear;

[0007] Adapter;

[0008] A molten element is sandwiched between the tab and the adapter, and the tab and the adapter are electrically connected only through the molten element. The melting point of the molten element is higher than the highest temperature of the molten element when the battery is operating normally, and the melting point of the molten element is lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery.

[0009] Optionally, the device further includes a phase change heat absorber located on the side of the molten element away from the tab. The melting point of the phase change heat absorber is higher than the highest temperature of the phase change heat absorber when the battery is operating normally, and the melting point of the phase change heat absorber is lower than the melting point of the molten element.

[0010] Optionally, the molten element has a first groove on the side facing the adapter, and the phase change heat absorber is located in the first groove.

[0011] Optionally, all of the phase change heat absorbers are located within the first groove, the phase change heat absorbers are connected to the bottom of the first groove, and / or the phase change heat absorbers are connected to the inner sidewall of the first groove.

[0012] Optionally, the phase change heat absorber is partially located within the first groove and partially located between the molten element and the adapter.

[0013] Optionally, the width d1 of the phase change heat absorber satisfies that d1 < 5 mm;

[0014] And / or, the width d1 of the phase change heat absorber and the width a1 of the molten element satisfy d1 > 1 / 3a1;

[0015] And / or, the thickness of the phase change heat absorber at its minimum thickness is greater than 1 μm, and the thickness of the phase change heat absorber at its maximum thickness is less than 5 μm.

[0016] Optionally, the molten part is welded to the adapter, and a second groove is formed on the side of the molten part facing the adapter to increase the welding area;

[0017] And / or, the molten element is welded to the electrode tab, and a third groove is provided on the side of the molten element facing the electrode tab to increase the welding area.

[0018] Optionally, multiple second grooves are provided, and the cross-sectional area e1 of each second groove satisfies 0.01 μm. 2 ≤e1≤0.25μm 2 ;

[0019] And / or, the distance e2 between any two adjacent second grooves satisfies 0.5μm≤e2≤1μm;

[0020] And / or, multiple third grooves are provided, and the cross-sectional area f1 of each third groove satisfies 0.01 μm. 2 ≤f1≤0.25μm 2 ;

[0021] And / or, the distance f2 between any two adjacent third grooves satisfies 0.5μm≤f2≤1μm.

[0022] Optionally, the width a1 of the molten element and the width b1 of the tab satisfy the condition that 2 / 3b1≤a1≤b1;

[0023] And / or, the width a1 of the molten part and the width c1 of the adapter part satisfy 2 / 3c1≤a1≤c1;

[0024] And / or, the length a2 of the molten element and the length b2 of the tab satisfy 2 / 3b2≤a2≤b2;

[0025] And / or, the thickness a3 of the molten part satisfies 5μm≤a3≤20μm;

[0026] And / or, the melting point temperature of the molten element is greater than or equal to 70°C and less than 130°C;

[0027] And / or, the material of the molten element is an alloy.

[0028] Another objective of this invention is to provide a battery that can reduce the hazards of thermal runaway and improve battery safety.

[0029] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0030] A battery is provided, including a battery casing and the aforementioned battery structure assembly, wherein the battery structure assembly is disposed within the battery casing.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0032] This utility model provides a battery structural assembly, including tabs, an adapter, and a fused element. The fused element is sandwiched between the tabs and the adapter, and the tabs and adapter conduct electricity only through the fused element. The melting point of the fused element is higher than the maximum temperature of the fused element during normal battery operation, but lower than the battery's thermal runaway temperature. That is, the fused element will not melt during normal battery operation, thus ensuring normal conductivity between the tabs and the adapter. When the temperature of the fused element exceeds the maximum temperature of the fused element during normal battery operation (i.e., when thermal runaway occurs), but falls below the battery's thermal runaway temperature, it will melt to disconnect the connection between the tabs and the adapter, creating an internal circuit break within the battery. This prevents further development of thermal runaway, thereby reducing the hazards of thermal runaway and improving battery safety.

[0033] This invention also provides a battery, including a battery casing and the aforementioned battery structure assembly, the battery structure assembly being disposed within the battery casing. This battery can reduce the hazards of thermal runaway and improve battery safety. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a partial exploded view of the battery structure assembly provided in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the battery structure assembly provided in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the battery structure assembly provided in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a partial exploded view of the battery structure assembly provided in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the battery structure assembly provided in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the battery structure assembly provided in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0040] In the picture,

[0041] 1. Electrode; 2. Adapter; 3. Melting element; 31. Second groove; 4. Phase change heat absorption element. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining this utility model and not for limiting it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to this utility model are shown in the drawings, not all of them.

[0043] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections or detachable connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0044] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Conventional lithium batteries are susceptible to thermal runaway, which can easily lead to safety accidents and economic losses. Even the currently available semi-solid-state batteries cannot completely solve the problem of battery thermal runaway, while mass production of all-solid-state batteries is currently quite difficult.

[0047] To solve the above problems, such as Figures 1-3As shown, this embodiment provides a battery structure assembly, including a tab 1, an adapter 2, and a fused element 3. The fused element 3 is sandwiched between the tab 1 and the adapter 2, and the tab 1 and adapter 2 conduct electricity only through the fused element 3. The melting point of the fused element 3 is higher than the maximum temperature of the fused element 3 during normal battery operation, and lower than the battery's thermal runaway temperature. That is, the fused element 3 will not melt during normal battery operation, thus ensuring normal conductivity between the tab 1 and the adapter 2. When the temperature of the fused element 3 exceeds the maximum temperature of the fused element 3 during normal battery operation (i.e., when the battery experiences thermal runaway), and its temperature falls below the battery's thermal runaway temperature, it will melt to disconnect the connection between the tab 1 and the adapter 2, creating an internal circuit break within the battery. This prevents further development of thermal runaway, thereby reducing the hazards of thermal runaway and improving battery safety.

[0048] It should be noted that the battery thermal runaway temperature is the temperature at which thermal runaway occurs during the individual cell test. Optionally, in this embodiment, this temperature is 130°C. Of course, in other embodiments, this temperature may vary due to differences in battery specifications and form, and the results of the individual cell test shall prevail.

[0049] Optionally, the melting point of the molten element 3 is in the range of 70°C-130°C, and the material of the molten element 3 is metal. More preferably, the material of the molten element 3 is an alloy, preferably a low-melting-point alloy of bismuth and tin.

[0050] Optionally, the tab 1, the adapter 2, and the molten element 3 are all sheet-like structures, and the tab 1, the molten element 3, and the adapter 2 are stacked sequentially to ensure a large contact conduction area.

[0051] Optionally, the molten part 3 is welded to the adapter 2 to ensure the connection strength between the molten part 3 and the adapter 2. A second groove 31 is provided on the side of the molten part 3 facing the adapter 2 to further increase the welding area.

[0052] Optionally, the molten element 3 is welded to the tab 1 to ensure the connection strength between the molten element 3 and the tab 1. A third groove is provided on the side of the molten element 3 facing the tab 1 to further increase the welding area. Optionally, in this embodiment, ultrasonic welding is used to weld the molten element 3 between the tab 1 and the adapter 2.

[0053] Optionally, multiple second grooves 31 are provided, and the cross-sectional area e1 of each second groove 31 satisfies 0.01μm. 2 ≤e1≤0.25μm 2 The second groove 31 extends longitudinally along a direction perpendicular to the surface of the molten piece 3. The cross-section of the second groove 31 can be circular, elliptical, polygonal, or irregular, and no restrictions are imposed here.

[0054] Optionally, a plurality of second grooves 31 are evenly spaced on the side of the molten part 3 facing the adapter 2. Optionally, the distance e2 between any two adjacent second grooves 31 satisfies 0.5μm≤e2≤1μm.

[0055] Optionally, multiple third grooves are provided, and the cross-sectional area f1 of each third groove satisfies 0.01μm. 2 ≤f1≤0.25μm 2 Similarly, the third groove extends longitudinally along a direction perpendicular to the surface of the molten piece 3, and the cross-section of the third groove can be circular, elliptical, polygonal, or irregular, without limitation.

[0056] Optionally, multiple third grooves are evenly spaced on the side of the molten element 3 facing the tab 1. Optionally, the distance f2 between any two adjacent third grooves satisfies 0.5μm≤f2≤1μm.

[0057] Figure 3 In the diagram, AB represents the width direction and CD represents the length direction. Optionally, the width a1 of the molten element 3 and the width b1 of the tab 1 satisfy 2 / 3b1≤a1≤b1 to ensure that the overlap dimension of the molten element 3 and the tab 1 in the width direction is large enough to meet the flow guidance requirements and the connection strength requirements of the two.

[0058] Optionally, the width a1 of the molten part 3 and the width c1 of the adapter 2 satisfy 2 / 3c1≤a1≤c1. Similarly, in order to ensure that the overlap dimension of the molten part 3 and the adapter 2 in the width direction is large enough, so as to meet the flow guiding requirements and the connection strength requirements of the two.

[0059] Optionally, the length a2 of the molten element 3 and the length b2 of the tab 1 satisfy 2 / 3b2≤a2≤b2, so as to ensure that the overlap dimension of the molten element 3 and the tab 1 in the length direction is large enough to meet the flow conduction requirements and the connection strength requirements of the two.

[0060] If the molten part 3 is too thick, it will increase the space occupied in the thickness direction; if the molten part 3 is too thin, it will still be located between the tab 1 and the adapter 2 after melting, thus losing its melting and circuit-breaking effect. Therefore, optionally, the thickness a3 of the molten part 3 satisfies 5μm≤a3≤20μm.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] This embodiment discloses a battery structure assembly. The battery structure assembly in this embodiment differs from the battery structure assembly in Embodiment 1 in that: Figures 4-6As shown, the battery structure assembly also includes a phase change heat absorber 4, which is located on the side of the molten element 3 away from the tab 1. The melting point of the phase change heat absorber 4 is higher than the highest temperature of the phase change heat absorber 4 when the battery is operating normally, and lower than the melting point of the molten element 3. That is, the phase change heat absorber 4 will not melt and absorb heat when the battery is operating normally, but when the temperature is higher than the highest temperature of the molten element 3 when the battery is operating normally, i.e., when the battery experiences thermal runaway, the phase change heat absorber 4 will melt and absorb heat before the molten element 3 melts and breaks the circuit, absorbing some of the heat at the tab 1, effectively controlling the battery circuit break within a reasonable range and preventing the battery from overheating and breaking the circuit in a short time.

[0063] Optionally, the phase change heat absorber 4 is made of conventional PCM heat-absorbing phase change material, which will not be described in detail here.

[0064] Optionally, the molten part 3 has a first groove on the side facing the adapter 2, and the phase change heat absorber 4 is located in the first groove.

[0065] Optionally, in some embodiments, all phase change heat absorbers 4 are located within the first groove, the phase change heat absorbers 4 are connected to the bottom of the first groove, or the phase change heat absorbers 4 are connected to the inner wall of the first groove, or the phase change heat absorbers 4 are connected to both the bottom of the first groove and the inner wall of the first groove.

[0066] Optionally, in this embodiment, the phase change heat absorber 4 is partially located within the first groove and partially located between the molten element 3 and the adapter 2. That is, the first groove can accommodate part of the phase change heat absorber 4 to reduce the volume of the protruding portion of the phase change heat absorber 4. It is understood that when the phase change heat absorber 4 undergoes phase change heat absorption, a portion of the molten element 3 is still welded to the adapter 2, and the molten element 3 and the adapter 2 are still normally connected, but the conductivity is reduced.

[0067] Optionally, multiple first grooves are provided, and the cross-sectional area g1 of each first groove satisfies 0.01μm. 2 ≤g1≤0.25μm 2 Similarly, the first groove extends longitudinally along a direction perpendicular to the surface of the molten piece 3, and the cross-section of the first groove can be circular, elliptical, polygonal, or irregular, without limitation.

[0068] Optionally, multiple first grooves are evenly spaced in the middle region of the plate surface of the molten part 3 facing the adapter 2, and the regions on both sides of the molten part 3 are used for welding with the adapter 2. Optionally, the distance g2 between any two adjacent first grooves satisfies 0.5μm≤g2≤1μm.

[0069] Figure 6In the diagram, AB is the width direction and CD is the length direction. Optionally, the width d1 of the phase change heat absorber 4 satisfies d1 < 5mm to prevent the phase change heat absorber 4 from occupying too much surface area of ​​the molten part 3, thus affecting the welding strength between the molten part 3 and the adapter 2.

[0070] Optionally, the width d1 of the phase change heat absorber 4 and the width a1 of the molten element 3 satisfy d1 > 1 / 3a1, so as to ensure that the phase change heat absorber 4 can control the battery circuit break within a reasonable range. Optionally, the width a1 of the molten element 3 is less than or equal to 15mm.

[0071] Optionally, the thickness of the phase change heat absorber 4 at its minimum thickness is greater than 1 μm to ensure that the phase change heat absorber 4 has a certain total amount, which can control the battery circuit breakage within a reasonable range. The thickness of the phase change heat absorber 4 at its maximum thickness is less than 5 μm, that is, the protrusion height of the part protruding from the molten part 3 cannot be too large, otherwise it will affect the welding between the molten part 3 and the adapter 2.

[0072] Apart from the above, the rest of the structure of the battery structure assembly provided in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again here.

[0073] Example 3

[0074] This embodiment provides a battery, including a battery casing and a battery structure assembly according to Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2. The battery structure assembly is disposed inside the battery casing, and the adapter 2 is also electrically connected to the terminal post on the battery casing.

[0075] This battery can reduce the hazards of thermal runaway and improve battery safety.

[0076] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A battery structure assembly, characterized in that, include: Polar ear (1); Adapter (2); The fused element (3) is sandwiched between the tab (1) and the adapter (2), and the tab (1) and the adapter (2) conduct electricity only through the fused element (3). The melting point of the fused element (3) is higher than the highest temperature of the fused element (3) when the battery is working normally, and the melting point of the fused element (3) is lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery.

2. The battery structure assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a phase change heat absorber (4), which is located on the side of the molten element (3) away from the tab (1). The melting point of the phase change heat absorber (4) is higher than the highest temperature of the phase change heat absorber (4) when the battery is working normally, and the melting point of the phase change heat absorber (4) is lower than the melting point of the molten element (3).

3. The battery structure assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that, The molten part (3) has a first groove on the side facing the adapter (2), and the phase change heat absorber (4) is located in the first groove.

4. The battery structure assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that, All of the phase change heat absorbers (4) are located in the first groove, the phase change heat absorbers (4) are connected to the bottom of the first groove, and / or the phase change heat absorbers (4) are connected to the inner sidewall of the first groove.

5. The battery structure assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that, The phase change heat absorber (4) is partially located in the first groove and partially located between the molten part (3) and the adapter (2).

6. The battery structure assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that, The width d1 of the phase change heat absorber (4) satisfies that d1 < 5 mm; And / or, the width d1 of the phase change heat absorber (4) and the width a1 of the molten element (3) satisfy d1 > 1 / 3a1; And / or, the thickness of the phase change heat absorber (4) at its minimum thickness is greater than 1 μm, and the thickness of the phase change heat absorber (4) at its maximum thickness is less than 5 μm.

7. The battery structure assembly according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The molten part (3) is welded to the adapter (2), and a second groove (31) is provided on the side of the molten part (3) facing the adapter (2) to increase the welding area; And / or, the molten part (3) is welded to the tab (1), and the molten part (3) has a third groove on the side facing the tab (1) to increase the welding area.

8. The battery structure assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, Multiple second grooves (31) are provided, and the cross-sectional area e1 of each second groove (31) satisfies 0.01μm. 2 ≤e1≤0.25μm 2 ; And / or, the distance e2 between any two adjacent second grooves (31) satisfies 0.5μm≤e2≤1μm; And / or, multiple third grooves are provided, and the cross-sectional area f1 of each third groove satisfies 0.01 μm. 2 ≤f1≤0.25μm 2 ; And / or, the distance f2 between any two adjacent third grooves satisfies 0.5μm≤f2≤1μm.

9. The battery structure assembly according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The width a1 of the molten part (3) and the width b1 of the tab (1) satisfy 2 / 3b1≤a1≤b1; And / or, the width a1 of the molten part (3) and the width c1 of the adapter (2) satisfy 2 / 3c1≤a1≤c1; And / or, the length a2 of the molten element (3) and the length b2 of the tab (1) satisfy 2 / 3b2≤a2≤b2; And / or, the thickness a3 of the molten part (3) satisfies 5μm≤a3≤20μm; And / or, the melting point temperature of the molten element (3) is greater than or equal to 70°C and less than 130°C; And / or, the material of the molten part (3) is an alloy.

10. A battery, characterized in that, It includes a battery casing and a battery structure assembly as described in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the battery structure assembly is disposed within the battery casing.

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