Fusing structure, busbar, battery module, battery pack and equipment

Abstract

The utility model provides a fusing structure, a busbar, a battery module, a battery pack and equipment. A fusing structure comprises a fusing piece and conductive pieces, at least two conductive pieces are arranged beside the fusing piece, the conductive pieces and the fusing piece are spliced together, and the fusing piece is in a curve shape and / or a broken line shape; a busbar comprises a plurality of fusing structures. The battery module comprises a busbar, the battery pack comprises a battery module, an apparatus includes a battery pack. According to the fusing structure and the fusing piece in the busbar, electrical connection between the faulted single battery and other parallel single batteries can be timely and rapidly cut off; the curve-shaped and / or broken-line-shaped fuse link is high in safety; according to the battery module, the battery pack and the equipment, the busbar is adopted, so that the multi-parallel battery layout can be realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a fusing structure, busbar, battery module, battery pack and equipment. BACKGROUND

[0002] The battery module includes a plurality of single batteries, and the single batteries are connected in series and parallel through the busbar in a certain manner. When the single batteries are connected in parallel, if a short circuit occurs in a single battery, the current of the remaining single batteries connected in parallel will flow back to the fault battery, causing thermal runaway of the battery module, and further causing a larger range of thermal runaway. At present, the battery industry usually designs a fusing protection structure at the system level. However, the fusing protection structure arranged at the system level cannot avoid the current of the remaining single batteries connected in parallel from flowing back to the fault battery, and still causes thermal runaway of the battery module, but can avoid causing a larger range of thermal runaway.

[0003] Technical problem

[0004] In order to avoid thermal runaway of the battery module, some existing technologies increase a temperature fuse at the parallel end of the busbar. Since the temperature fuse has many components, and the busbar has a large number of parallel ends, the large use of the temperature fuse not only increases the production cost, but also greatly increases the weight of the busbar. Some existing technologies directly make a hollow or weak position on the integrated busbar for fusing. However, the material of the busbar is usually copper, and the melting point of copper is 1083℃. The processing technology of directly making a hollow or weak position on the busbar is complex, and the hollow or weak position is prone to breakage during production or in a mechanical environment. If the size of the hollow or weak position is increased to avoid breakage, a larger current is required to fuse, which has a large application limitation.

[0005] Technical solution

[0006] The present application provides a fusing structure, busbar, battery module, battery pack and equipment.

[0007] In a first aspect, the application provides a fuse structure, in which a conductive part and a fuse part are spliced with each other to form a spliced structure instead of an integrated structure in the prior art. In this way, in production, the fuse part with a lower melting point than the conductive part can be selected according to actual application conditions. When a single battery appears to be short-circuited and fails, only a small current is needed to cut off the electrical connection between the failed single battery and other parallel single batteries in time and quickly, so as to avoid the current backflow to cause the temperature of the failed single battery to be too high, and thus to avoid thermal runaway. The fuse part in a curved shape and / or a polyline shape can absorb the relative displacement between two conductive parts, such as the displacement caused by expansion in the charging and discharging process, the displacement caused by mechanical vibration, and the displacement caused by the impact process, so as to avoid the fuse part from being broken and prolong the service life, and the safety is high.

[0008] In a second aspect, the application provides a busbar, which includes a plurality of the fuse structures of the application, and the plurality of fuse structures are sequentially arranged along a second direction. In the same fuse structure, the plurality of conductive parts and the plurality of fuse parts are alternately arranged along a third direction.

[0009] In a third aspect, the application provides a battery module, which includes the busbar of the application, and further includes a plurality of single batteries, a positive electrode connection part connected with a positive electrode of the single battery, and a negative electrode connection part connected with a negative electrode of the single battery. Two single batteries connected with the same conductive part are connected in series with each other, and two conductive parts connected with the same single battery are connected in series with each other. The conductive parts and the single batteries connected in series constitute a battery unit, and the plurality of battery units are connected in parallel with each other through the fuse parts. The battery module further includes a total positive busbar, a total negative busbar, and a clamping plate. The total positive busbar is connected with the positive electrode of the single battery, and the total negative busbar is connected with the negative electrode of the single battery. The busbar, the single battery, the total positive busbar, and the total negative busbar are all connected with the clamping plate.

[0010] In a fourth aspect, the application provides a battery pack, which includes the battery module of the application.

[0011] In a fifth aspect, the application provides an equipment, which includes the battery pack of the application.

[0012] Beneficial effects

[0013] The fusible link structure provided in this application is spliced ​​together with the conductive component to form a spliced ​​structure, rather than the integrated structure in the prior art. In this way, during production, the fusible link with a melting point lower than that of the conductive component can be selected according to the actual application. When a single cell fails due to a short circuit, only a small current is needed for the fusible link to promptly and quickly disconnect the electrical connection between the faulty single cell and other parallel single cells, avoiding backflow of current that could cause the temperature of the faulty single cell to become too high, thereby preventing thermal runaway. The curved and / or zigzag-shaped fusible link can absorb the relative displacement between the two conductive components, such as displacement caused by expansion during charging and discharging, mechanical vibration, and displacement generated by impact, preventing the fusible link from breaking, extending its service life, and ensuring high safety.

[0014] The busbar of this application adopts the fuse structure of this application, which is structurally stable and highly safe.

[0015] The battery module of this application adopts the bus of this application. The battery module of this application is generally connected in series along the first direction, and the battery module composed of individual cells is generally connected in parallel along the third direction, thereby realizing a multi-parallel battery layout with stable structure and high safety.

[0016] The battery pack of this application uses the battery module of this application, which can realize a multi-parallel battery layout, and has a stable structure and high safety.

[0017] The device in this application uses the battery pack described in this application, which enables a multi-parallel battery layout and has a stable structure and high safety. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the bus structure in this application;

[0019] Figure 2 For this application Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a partial structure;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the battery module structure of this application;

[0021] Figure 4 For this application Figure 3 A partial structural diagram.

[0022] The meanings of the reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows:

[0023] 10. Fuse, 101. Fuse strip, 102. Connecting piece, 20. Conductive component, 201. Positive electrode connection, 202. Negative electrode connection, 30. Single cell, 40. Process hole, 50. Main positive busbar, 60. Main negative busbar, 70. Clamping plate, 80. Positioning hole, a. First direction, b. Third direction.

[0024] Embodiments of the present application

[0025] See Figures 1-4 This application discloses a fusible structure, including a fusible element 10 and a conductive element 20. At least two conductive elements 20 are provided on the side of the fusible element 10. The conductive elements 20 are spliced ​​together with the fusible element 10. The fusible element 10 is curved and / or broken.

[0026] It should be noted that the fuse element 10 is curved, or the fuse element 10 is broken line, or part of the fuse element 10 is curved and the other part is broken line.

[0027] Specifically, the fuse element 10 can be in the shape of an "N", "Z", or "S", and the specific shape of the fuse element 10 depends on the actual application and is not limited to this.

[0028] In this application, the conductive element 20 and the fuse element 10 are spliced ​​together to form a spliced ​​structure, rather than the integrated structure in the prior art. In this way, during production, the fuse element 10 with a melting point lower than that of the conductive element 20 can be selected according to the actual application. When a short circuit occurs in a single cell 30, only a small current is needed for the fuse element 10 to promptly and quickly disconnect the electrical connection between the faulty single cell 30 and other parallel single cells 30, avoiding backflow of current that could cause the temperature of the faulty single cell 30 to become too high, thereby avoiding thermal runaway. The curved and / or zigzag-shaped fuse element 10 can absorb the relative displacement between the two conductive elements 20, such as the displacement caused by expansion during charging and discharging, mechanical vibration, and displacement generated by impact, preventing breakage and extending service life.

[0029] In this embodiment, the melting point of the fuse 10 is lower than that of the conductive element 20.

[0030] In the embodiments of this application, the conductive element 20 is made of copper, and the fuse element 10 is made of aluminum.

[0031] Specifically, copper has a melting point of 1083°C and aluminum has a melting point of 660°C. When a short circuit occurs in a single cell 30, only a small current is needed for the fuse 10 to melt quickly and promptly, thereby cutting off the electrical connection between the faulty single cell 30 and other parallel single cells 30.

[0032] Of course, in other embodiments, the fuse 10 may also be made of other metals with a melting point lower than that of the conductive element 20, depending on the actual application and not limited to this.

[0033] In this embodiment, a nickel plating layer is provided on the surface of the conductive component 20, and the nickel plating layer is used for surface corrosion protection of the conductive component 20.

[0034] Specifically, the fuse element 10 and the conductive element 20 are either manufactured separately or as a single piece. For example, the fuse element 10 and the conductive element 20 are joined together by welding, bonding, casting, screw and nut connection, or snap-fit. When the fuse element 10 and the conductive element 20 are joined by welding, bonding, screw and nut connection, or snap-fit, both the fuse element 10 and the conductive element 20 are solid. When using a casting process for splicing, the fuse 10 is solid and is placed as an insert within the mold cavity of the conductive component 20. After the molten metal used to form the conductive component 20 cools and solidifies, the conductive component 20 and the fuse 10 are connected as one piece. Alternatively, the conductive component 20 is solid and is placed as an insert within the mold cavity of the fuse 10. After the molten metal used to form the fuse 10 cools and solidifies, the conductive component 20 and the fuse 10 are connected as one piece. Of course, in some applications, it can be integrally formed using a casting mold. During the integral forming process, the molten metal used to form the fuse 10 and the molten metal used to form the conductive component 20 will not fuse together, and there will be a splicing line between the integrally formed fuse 10 and the conductive component 20.

[0035] In this embodiment of the application, the fuse element 10 includes a fuse strip 101, which is curved and / or broken. In the same fuse element 10, at least two fuse strips 101 are arranged sequentially at intervals along a first direction.

[0036] Specifically, the fuse strip 101 can be in the shape of an "N", "Z", or "S", and the specific shape of the fuse strip 101 depends on the actual application and is not limited to this.

[0037] In one embodiment, to facilitate the installation of the fuse strip 101, the fuse element 10 further includes a connecting piece 102. Both ends of the fuse strip 101 are provided with connecting pieces 102, and the connecting pieces 102 are welded to the corresponding conductive parts 20 by a welding process.

[0038] Specifically, the conductive element 20 can be in the shape of a sheet, plate, or strip, etc. The specific shape of the conductive element 20 depends on the actual application, so as to achieve the connection with the single cell 30.

[0039] Specifically, the thickness of the conductive element 20 is 0.1mm-1mm.

[0040] In one embodiment, the thickness of the conductive element 20 is 0.3 mm.

[0041] In one embodiment, the cross-sectional dimensions of a single fuse bar 101 are 0.5 mm × 0.8 mm.

[0042] It should be noted that the cross-sectional dimensions of the fuse strip 101 are positively correlated with the required fusing current. If the cross-sectional dimensions of the fuse strip 101 are larger, a larger fusing current is required to fuse it. If the cross-sectional dimensions of the fuse strip 101 are smaller, a smaller fusing current is required to fuse it. The specific dimensions of the conductive element 20 and the fuse strip 101 are determined according to the actual application and are not limited thereto.

[0043] It should be noted that at least two conductive elements 20 and at least one fuse element 10 are provided. The specific number of conductive elements 20 can be two, three, four or more; the specific number of fuse elements 10 can be one, two, three, four or more. The specific number of conductive elements 20 and the specific number of fuse elements 10 are matched with each other and are determined according to the actual application, and are not limited to this.

[0044] In this embodiment, the conductive element 20 includes a positive electrode connection portion 201 and a negative electrode connection portion 202, which are staggered relative to each other.

[0045] Specifically, the positive electrode connection 201 is used to connect to the positive electrode of the single cell 30, and the negative electrode connection 202 is used to connect to the negative electrode of the single cell 30. Since the positive electrode connection 201 and the negative electrode connection 202 are staggered, the battery module composed of the single cells 30 is generally connected in series along the first direction, and the battery module composed of the single cells 30 is generally connected in parallel along the third direction, thereby realizing a multi-parallel battery layout.

[0046] Specifically, the positive electrode connection portion 201 and the negative electrode connection portion 202 are offset from each other in the radial direction of the single cell 30.

[0047] When the single cell 30 is a cylindrical cell, since the positive electrode of the cylindrical cell is higher than the negative electrode, the height difference is generally 1mm-2mm. In order to achieve the connection between the conductive component 20 and the single cell 30, there is also a height difference between the positive electrode connection part 201 and the negative electrode connection part 202. The height difference between the two is adapted to each other. Thus, the positive electrode connection part 201 and the negative electrode connection part 202 have a height difference in the axial direction of the single cell 30, and the positive electrode connection part 201 and the negative electrode connection part 202 are also misaligned with each other in the axial direction of the single cell 30.

[0048] In this embodiment, a process hole 40 is provided on the positive electrode connection portion 201; when the conductive component 20 is welded to the positive electrode of the single cell 30, the process hole 40 can prevent the conductive component 20 from deforming due to stress, thereby improving the welding yield.

[0049] See Figures 1-4This application discloses a bus including multiple fuse structures arranged sequentially along a second direction; in the same fuse structure, multiple conductive elements 20 and multiple fuse elements 10 are arranged alternately in a third direction.

[0050] In one implementation, in order to achieve a dense arrangement, the first direction is parallel to the second direction and perpendicular to the third direction.

[0051] See Figures 1-4 This application discloses a battery module, including the busbar in this embodiment, and multiple individual battery cells 30. A positive electrode connection 201 is connected to the positive electrode of the individual battery cell 30, and a negative electrode connection 202 is connected to the negative electrode of the individual battery cell 30. Two individual battery cells 30 connected to the same conductive element 20 are connected in series, and two conductive elements 20 connected to the same individual battery cell 30 are connected in series. The series-connected conductive elements 20 and individual battery cells 30 constitute a battery unit. Multiple battery units are connected in parallel through a fuse 10. The module also includes a total positive busbar 50, a total negative busbar 60, and a clamping plate 70. The total positive busbar 50 is connected to the positive electrode of the individual battery cell 30, and the total negative busbar 60 is connected to the negative electrode of the individual battery cell 30. The busbar, individual battery cells 30, total positive busbar 50, and total negative busbar 60 are all connected to the clamping plate 70.

[0052] Specifically, the battery modules are generally connected in series along the first direction, and the battery modules composed of individual batteries 30 are generally connected in parallel along the third direction, thereby enabling a multi-parallel battery layout.

[0053] In one embodiment, the single cell 30 is a cylindrical cell, such as a large cylindrical cell 4695; of course, the specific type of single cell 30 depends on the actual application and is not limited thereto.

[0054] Specifically, in order to facilitate the connection between the busbar with the fusible structure and the clamp 70, the conductive component 20 is provided with a positioning hole 80, and the installation position of the conductive component 20 is determined by the positioning hole 80.

[0055] See Figures 1-4 This application discloses a battery pack, including the battery module in this embodiment.

[0056] See Figures 1-4 This application discloses a device including the battery pack in this embodiment.

Claims

1. A fusible link structure, characterized in that, It includes a fuse and a conductive element. At least two conductive elements are provided on the side of the fuse. The conductive elements are spliced ​​together with the fuse. The fuse is curved and / or broken.

2. The fusible link structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The melting point of the fuse is lower than that of the conductive element.

3. The fusion structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conductive element is made of copper, and the fusible element is made of aluminum.

4. The fusible link structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The surface of the conductive component is provided with a nickel plating layer.

5. The fusible link structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fuse element includes a fuse strip, which is curved and / or broken. In the same fuse element, at least two fuse strips are arranged sequentially at intervals along a first direction.

6. The fusible link structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fusible link further includes connecting pieces, and the connecting pieces are provided at both ends of the fusible link, and the connecting pieces are welded to the corresponding conductive components.

7. The fusible link structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The conductive component includes a positive electrode connection portion and a negative electrode connection portion, which are staggered relative to each other.

8. The fusible link structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The positive electrode connection portion is provided with process holes.

9. The fusible link structure according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The conductive element and the fuse are connected as one unit. The fusible link is a solid, and it is disposed as an insert within the mold cavity of the conductive component; or The conductive element is a solid and is disposed as an insert within the mold cavity of the fusible element.

10. The fusible link structure according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The conductive component is provided with positioning holes for positioning.

11. A busbar, characterized in that, It includes at least one fusible structure as described in any one of claims 1-10; wherein at least two of the conductive elements and at least one of the fusible elements are arranged alternately in a third direction.

12. A battery module, characterized in that, The device includes the busbar as described in claim 11, and also includes a plurality of individual cells, wherein the positive electrode connection portion is connected to the positive electrode of the individual cells, and the negative electrode connection portion is connected to the negative electrode of the individual cells; Two individual batteries connected to the same conductive element are connected in series with each other, and two conductive elements connected to the same individual battery are connected in series with each other. The conductive elements connected in series with each other and the individual batteries constitute a battery unit. Multiple battery units are connected in parallel with each other through the fuse. It also includes a main positive bus, a main negative bus, and a clamping plate. The main positive bus is connected to the positive terminal of the individual battery, the main negative bus is connected to the negative terminal of the individual battery, and the bus, the individual battery, the main positive bus, and the main negative bus are all connected to the clamping plate.

13. The battery module according to claim 12, characterized in that, The individual battery is a cylindrical battery. The positive electrode connection portion and the negative electrode connection portion are misaligned with each other in the radial direction of the single cell. The positive electrode connection and the negative electrode connection are misaligned with each other in the axial direction of the single cell.

14. A battery pack, characterized in that, Including the battery module as described in claim 12 or 13.

15. A device, characterized in that, Includes the battery pack as described in claim 14.

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