Power management system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a power supply management system, which comprises a power supply management module, a battery module, a control module, a voltage conversion module and an isolation communication module, and is characterized in that the power supply management module is connected with an external power supply and the battery module; the charging management module is used for performing charging management on the battery module and performing power supply switching between an external power supply and the battery module; the voltage conversion module is connected between the power supply management module and external equipment and between the power supply management module and the control module; the control module is in communication connection with the power supply management module and is in isolated communication connection with an external master control system through the isolated communication module. The influence of electromagnetic interference and ground loop noise on signal transmission can be effectively reduced through the isolation communication module, and the transmission of communication signals is more stable, so that the accuracy and stability of data transmission are improved, and the compatibility and flexibility of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of power management technology, specifically relating to a power management system. Background Technology

[0002] Superconducting magnets generate various operating parameters during operation that require monitoring. To ensure the performance and normal operation of the superconducting magnet, various external devices, such as data acquisition equipment, are needed to collect and monitor these parameters. For example, temperature acquisition equipment is needed to monitor the temperature of the superconducting magnet. Similarly, for controlled nuclear fusion devices with superconducting magnets (which can be considered a type of superconducting device), various external devices are also required to monitor the plasma state. To ensure the normal operation of these external devices, an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system is often required to power them.

[0003] The operating environment of controlled nuclear fusion devices is often subject to strong electromagnetic interference. Electromagnetic interference can affect the ground potential of external equipment, causing serious interference and leading to drastic changes in the ground potential of equipment at different locations, which in turn affects signal transmission and normal operation of the equipment.

[0004] Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) in related technologies often lack the ability to operate in complex electromagnetic environments. When a superconducting device is started, stopped, or adjusted, rapid changes in the magnetic field can generate electromagnetic pulses. In addition, when the temperature of the superconducting magnet reaches its critical temperature, it may cause instantaneous changes in current and magnetic field, which can also generate electromagnetic pulses. These electromagnetic pulses can enter the UPS and external devices, leading to unstable communication and potential issues such as bit errors and packet loss during data transmission, thus affecting the overall performance of the system.

[0005] Therefore, ensuring the stable operation of external equipment and uninterruptible power supplies in the operating environment of the superconducting device has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0006] This application provides a power management system to solve the technical problem of how to ensure that the external equipment and uninterruptible power supply of the superconducting device can operate stably in the operating environment of the superconducting device.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:

[0008] According to a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a power management system, including: a power management module, a battery module, a control module, a voltage conversion module, and an isolated communication module. The power management module is connected to both an external power source and the battery module, and is used for charging management of the battery module and power switching between the external power source and the battery module. The voltage conversion module is connected between the power management module and an external device, and between the power management module and the control module. The control module is communicatively connected to the power management module and is isolated from an external main control system via the isolated communication module.

[0009] In one embodiment, the isolated communication module includes an optically isolated circuit.

[0010] In one embodiment, the isolated communication module includes a serial port isolated communication module.

[0011] In one embodiment, the power management system further includes a temperature monitoring circuit, including at least one thermistor, which is in contact with the battery module, and the output of the temperature monitoring circuit is connected to the power management module.

[0012] In one embodiment, the temperature monitoring circuit includes a first voltage divider circuit connected in series between the auxiliary power supply and ground. One end of the thermistor is connected to the voltage divider point of the first voltage divider circuit, and the other end is grounded. The voltage divider point serves as the output terminal of the temperature monitoring circuit and is connected to the temperature signal receiving terminal in the power supply management module.

[0013] In one embodiment, the battery module includes multiple batteries connected in parallel or in series and a battery charge / discharge protection circuit.

[0014] In one embodiment, the power management system further includes a voltage acquisition circuit and a current acquisition circuit. The voltage acquisition circuit includes a second voltage divider circuit and a first operational amplifier. The input terminal of the second voltage divider circuit is connected to the voltage acquisition point, the voltage divider output terminal of the second voltage divider circuit is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier, and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the control module. The current acquisition circuit includes a sampling resistor and a second operational amplifier. The sampling resistor is connected in series in the circuit to be acquired and in parallel with the input terminal of the second operational amplifier, and the output terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the control module.

[0015] In one embodiment, the voltage conversion module further includes a first DC / DC conversion circuit connected between the power management module and the external device; and a second DC / DC conversion circuit connected between the power management module and the battery module.

[0016] In one embodiment, a first type of discharge circuit connected by a first control switch and a second type of discharge circuit connected by a second control switch are provided between the power management module and the external device. The response rate of the first type of discharge circuit is greater than that of the second type of discharge circuit, and the discharge capacity of the first type of discharge circuit is less than that of the second type of discharge circuit. The control terminals of the first control switch and the second control switch are respectively connected to the control module.

[0017] In one embodiment, a third control switch is provided between the power management module and the external power supply, and the control terminal of the third control switch is connected to the control module.

[0018] The embodiments of this application have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0019] When the external power supply is normally input, the power management module will connect to the output voltage to directly power the external device and charge the battery module simultaneously. When the external power supply is interrupted, the power management module switches to the battery module, using a voltage conversion module to convert the voltage output by the battery module into the input voltage for the external device. Simultaneously, the voltage conversion module converts the voltage output by the external power supply or battery module into the power supply voltage for the control module. During the power supply process, the control module can send various information to the external main control system via isolated communication. The isolated communication module effectively isolates electrical connections between different circuits, preventing power surges, electrical faults, or high-voltage signals from being transmitted to the main control system through the communication line. It also reduces the impact of electromagnetic interference and ground loop noise on signal transmission, making the communication signal transmission more stable, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of data transmission and enhancing the system's compatibility and flexibility. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of this application and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a modular schematic diagram of a power management system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the optical coupling isolation circuit according to an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature monitoring circuit in the power management system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the battery module in the power management system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage acquisition circuit in the power management system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the current acquisition circuit in the power management system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a modular schematic diagram of a power management system with a discharge circuit according to an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a modular schematic diagram of a power management system with a discharge circuit according to another embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the overall concept of this application, a detailed explanation is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments of this application and the features thereof can be combined with each other.

[0031] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the "above" or "below" of the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0033] This application provides a power management system, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a power management module 1, a battery module 2, a control module 3, a voltage conversion module 4, and an isolated communication module 5. The power management module 1 is connected to both an external power source 6 and the battery module 2, and is used for charging management of the battery module 2 and switching power supply between the external power source 6 and the battery module 2. The voltage conversion module 4 is connected between the power management module 1 and an external device 7, and between the power management module 1 and the control module 3. The control module 3 is communicatively connected to the power management module 1 and is isolated communicatively connected to an external main control system 8 through the isolated communication module 5.

[0034] When the external power supply 6 is in normal operation, the power management module 1 will connect to the output voltage to directly power the external device 7 and charge the battery module 2 simultaneously. When the external power supply 6 is de-energized, the power management module 1 switches to the battery module 2, and the voltage output from the battery module 2 is converted into the input voltage of the external device 7 via the voltage conversion module 4 to power the external device 7. The voltage output from the external power supply 6 or the battery module 2 is converted into the power supply voltage of the control module 3 via the voltage conversion module 4. During the power supply process of the external power supply 6 or the battery module 2, the control module 3 can send information representing the working status of the power management system, such as output current, output voltage, battery module charge level, and charging / discharging status, to the external main control system 8 in the form of isolated communication. The isolated communication module 5 can effectively isolate the electrical connections between different circuits, preventing power surges, electrical faults, or high-voltage signals from being transmitted to the main control system through the communication line. At the same time, it can reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference and ground loop noise on signal transmission, making the transmission of communication signals more stable, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of data transmission and enhancing the system's compatibility and flexibility.

[0035] In one embodiment, the external device 7 can be an external device of the superconducting device. When the superconducting device starts, stops, or adjusts, the rapid change in the magnetic field generates electromagnetic pulses. Additionally, when the temperature of the superconducting magnet reaches a critical temperature, it may cause instantaneous changes in current and magnetic field, also generating electromagnetic pulses. These electromagnetic pulses can cause severe interference to the ground potential, leading to drastic changes in the ground potential of devices at different locations, thereby affecting signal transmission and the normal operation of the device. Therefore, in this embodiment, the isolated communication module 5 can adopt... Figure 2 The optical coupler isolation circuit 51 shown is effective in isolating electromagnetic pulses generated in the superconducting device, ensuring stable and secure communication.

[0036] To further ensure communication security, the isolated communication module 5 may also include a serial port isolated communication module 5. In one embodiment, the serial port isolated communication module 5 may be an isolation circuit integrated into the control module 3, such as an MCU with an integrated RS485 isolation circuit. Alternatively, an isolated RS485 device may be used to connect to the control module 3 to achieve isolated transmission.

[0037] During the charging and discharging process of battery module 2, excessively high battery temperature may lead to thermal runaway, resulting in safety issues such as battery damage or fire. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the temperature of battery module 2. In one embodiment, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the power management system also includes a temperature monitoring circuit 9, which is used to detect the temperature of the battery module 2 and is connected to the power management module 1. The circuit transmits the signal that the battery module 2 is too hot to the power management module 1 so that the power management module 1 can control the battery module 2 to stop charging and discharging in a timely manner.

[0038] The temperature monitoring circuit 9 includes at least one thermistor RTH, which is in contact with the battery module 2. When the battery module 2 heats up, the thermistor RTH's temperature rises and its resistance decreases, generating a corresponding temperature signal that is transmitted to the temperature signal receiving end of the power supply management module 1.

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, the temperature monitoring circuit 9 includes a first voltage divider circuit 91 connected in series between the auxiliary power supply VREF and ground. One end of the thermistor RTH is connected to the voltage divider point of the first voltage divider circuit 91, and the other end is grounded. The voltage divider point serves as the output terminal of the temperature monitoring circuit 9 and is connected to the temperature signal receiving terminal in the power supply management module 1. The first voltage divider circuit 91 includes a first resistor RT1 and a second resistor RT2 connected in series and parallel. The resistance values ​​of the first resistor RT1 and the second resistor RT2 can be determined using the following formula:

[0040]

[0041] Where RT1 is the resistance value of the first resistor RT1, RT2 is the resistance value of the second resistor RT2, and RTH HOT The resistance of the thermistor RTH is the value when the battery module 2 reaches the preset maximum temperature. COLD V represents the resistance of the thermistor RTH at a preset minimum temperature. VREF V is the auxiliary power supply voltage value. LTF The voltage value that indicates the battery module 2 has reached the protection temperature is output to the temperature signal receiver of the power supply management module 1.

[0042] In one embodiment, the battery module 2 includes multiple batteries connected in parallel and series, and a battery charge / discharge protection circuit 21. To ensure battery power supply duration, in this embodiment, as follows... Figure 4 The battery module circuit shown uses four 18650 lithium batteries arranged in two parallel and two series configurations. Specifically, the positive terminals of the first battery (BT1) and the second battery (BT2) are connected to the positive input of the power management module 1. The negative terminals of the first and second batteries (BT1 and BT2), and the positive terminals of the third and fourth batteries (BT3 and BT4) are connected together. The negative terminals of the third and fourth batteries (BT3 and BT4) are connected to the battery charge / discharge protection circuit 21. The battery charge / discharge protection circuit 21 protects against overcharging, over-discharging, and overcurrent. The voltage of the 18650 lithium battery decreases as its charge level decreases; therefore, the battery pack output voltage is 7.4 to 8.4V. Other numbers and models of batteries connected in a multi-parallel, multi-series configuration are also applicable in this embodiment.

[0043] In one embodiment, the power management module 1 can be a synchronous buck battery charger controller. Taking the external power supply 6 as 12V as an example, when the 12V external power supply 6 is input normally, the power management module 1 will switch to the output voltage to directly supply power to the external device 7 and charge the battery module 2 at the same time. When the external power supply 6 is de-energized, the power management module 1 switches the battery module 2 to supply power to the external device 7.

[0044] The following explanation uses the BQ24610 synchronous buck battery charger controller as an example:

[0045] The basic working principle of the power supply management module 1 circuit can be divided into pre-charging, fast charging and termination stages; when the external power supply 6 is connected, it directly supplies power to the external device 7 and charges the battery pack at the same time; when the external power supply 6 is disconnected, the battery module 2 will connect to output voltage.

[0046] When charging battery module 2, the charging process is divided into two stages: slow charging and fast charging. The charging voltage and current need to be set, and the battery temperature range during charging is also set. Charging will stop if the battery temperature is outside this range.

[0047] The charging cut-off voltage can be determined based on the battery's nominal voltage. Taking an 18650 lithium battery as an example, the nominal voltage of a lithium-ion battery is 3.7V, and the charging cut-off voltage is 4.2V. The charging cut-off voltage for two batteries connected in series should be 8.4V.

[0048] The charging current is limited to 1A, which is determined by VISET1 and RSR. The adapter is 12V 3A, and the adapter current is determined by VACSET and RAC. The pre-charge current is usually 1 / 10 of the constant current charging current during fast charging.

[0049] In one embodiment, the power management system further includes a voltage acquisition circuit 10 and a current acquisition circuit 11, wherein,

[0050] like Figure 5 As shown, the voltage acquisition circuit 10 includes a second voltage divider circuit 101 and a first operational amplifier IC1. The input terminal of the second voltage divider circuit 101 is connected to the voltage acquisition point, and the voltage divider output terminal of the second voltage divider circuit 101 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier IC1. The output terminal of the first operational amplifier IC1 is connected to the control module 3. The voltage acquisition circuit 10 divides the voltage to be acquired to a range of 3.3V and outputs it to the MCU module through the first operational amplifier IC1, using the ADC function of the MCU to realize voltage acquisition.

[0051] like Figure 6 As shown, the current acquisition circuit 11 includes a sampling resistor R1 and a second operational amplifier IC2. The sampling resistor R1 is connected in series in the circuit to be acquired and in parallel with the input terminal of the second operational amplifier IC2. The output terminal of the second operational amplifier IC2 is connected to the control module 3. The current acquisition circuit 11 uses high-side current sampling. The sampling resistor R1 is connected in series between the output terminal of the voltage conversion module 4 and the external device to acquire and amplify the voltage across it, and output it to the MCU module. The current value is calculated using Ohm's law.

[0052] In one embodiment, the voltage conversion module 4 further includes a first DC / DC conversion circuit connected between the power management module 1 and the external device 7; and a second DC / DC conversion circuit connected between the power management module 1 and the battery module 2.

[0053] The first DC / DC conversion circuit boosts the output voltage of battery module 2 to 12V for external output. The second DC / DC conversion circuit reduces the output voltage of power management module 1 to 5V for the operational amplifier and MCU module of voltage / current acquisition circuit 11. Furthermore, the MCU module includes a 5V to 3.3V power supply, output to the motherboard for signal pull-up at various GPIO pins of the MCU module.

[0054] Because superconducting devices often experience various electromagnetic interferences during operation, such as the changing current within the superconducting magnet during startup, shutdown, and modulation, which can cause prolonged magnetic field changes and potentially trigger continuous electromagnetic pulses (EMIPs), and the rapid changes in the magnetic field caused by different operating states, such as the local or overall temperature of the superconducting magnet reaching a critical temperature during operation, which can lead to transient magnetic field changes in part or all of the magnet and trigger high-amplitude EMIPs, this embodiment employs different protective measures to control the modified uninterruptible power supply (UPS) for different types of magnetic field change events generated during the operation of the superconducting device.

[0055] like Figure 7 As shown, a first control switch 12 is provided between the power management module 1 and the external power supply 6 in the power management system. A first-type discharge circuit 13 connected via the first control switch 12 and a second-type discharge circuit 15 connected via a second control switch 14 are provided between the power management module 1 and the external device 7. The response rate of the first-type discharge circuit 13 is greater than that of the second-type discharge circuit 15, and the discharge capacity of the first-type discharge circuit 13 is less than that of the second-type discharge circuit 15. Therefore, the first-type discharge circuit 13 responds quickly to activate the protection function, but its energy absorption is limited, and large amounts of energy from prolonged continuous interference will damage the discharge circuit. The second-type discharge circuit 15 can discharge large amounts of energy, but its response time is longer.

[0056] The control module 3 is connected to the control terminals of the first control switch 12 and the second control switch 14 respectively. Therefore, when the magnetic field of the superconducting device changes, the external control system transmits the type of magnetic field change to the control module 3, which can control the discharge circuit corresponding to the action of the first control switch 12 and the second control switch 14 according to the type of magnetic field change, so as to ensure that the interference caused by the magnetic field change can be discharged in a timely and safe manner.

[0057] Interference caused by transient magnetic field changes is often a short-duration, high-amplitude electromagnetic pulse interference, thus requiring a timely and rapid response. The first type of discharge circuit 13 has a fast response rate but a small discharge capacity, making it suitable for transient interference. However, magnetic field changes caused during charging and discharging have a longer duration, potentially exceeding 1000 seconds. The first type of discharge circuit 13's discharge capacity is insufficient to discharge this energy. Therefore, a second type of discharge circuit 15 with a larger discharge capacity is needed to discharge electromagnetic pulse interference caused by this type of magnetic field change.

[0058] The first type of discharge circuit 13 can be at least one of transient suppression diode, ultra-high power transient suppression diode, glass gas discharge tube or semiconductor discharge tube. The second type of discharge circuit 15 can be a ceramic gas discharge tube or a varistor. Alternatively, the second type of discharge circuit 15 can also be a discharge circuit with a series structure of ultra-high power transient suppression diode and ceramic gas discharge tube or varistor.

[0059] In one embodiment, the external power supply 6 and its corresponding cable serve as a crucial pathway for electromagnetic pulses to travel to the external device 7. Therefore, it is necessary to disconnect the external power supply from the external device 7 when necessary, utilizing the continuous power supply capability of the power management system to minimize the electromagnetic pulses that can enter the external device 7. Therefore, in this embodiment, as... Figure 8 As shown, a third control switch 16 is also provided between the external power supply 6 and the power management module 1. The control module 3 is connected to the control terminal of the third control switch 16, and can control the third control switch 16 to disconnect when the electromagnetic pulse is large, so as to prevent the electromagnetic pulse induced on the external power supply 6 from entering the external device 7.

[0060] For any parts not mentioned in this application, existing technologies may be used or referenced.

[0061] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0062] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A power management system, characterized in that, include: The power supply management module, battery module, control module, voltage conversion module, and isolated communication module are included. The power management module is connected to both the external power source and the battery module, and is used to manage the charging of the battery module and switch power supply between the external power source and the battery module. The voltage conversion module is connected between the power supply management module and the external device, and between the power supply management module and the control module; The control module is communicatively connected to the power supply management module, and is also communicatively connected to the external main control system through the isolation communication module.

2. The power management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The isolated communication module includes an optocoupler isolation circuit.

3. The power management system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The isolated communication module includes a serial port isolated communication module.

4. The power management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The temperature monitoring circuit includes at least one thermistor, which is in contact with the battery module, and the output of the temperature monitoring circuit is connected to the power management module.

5. The power management system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The temperature monitoring circuit includes a first voltage divider circuit connected in series between the auxiliary power supply and ground. One end of the thermistor is connected to the voltage divider point of the first voltage divider circuit, and the other end is grounded. The voltage divider point serves as the output terminal of the temperature monitoring circuit and is connected to the temperature signal receiving terminal in the power supply management module.

6. The power management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The battery module includes multiple batteries in parallel and series, and a battery charging and discharging protection circuit.

7. The power management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes voltage acquisition circuits and current acquisition circuits, among which, The voltage acquisition circuit includes a second voltage divider circuit and a first operational amplifier. The input terminal of the second voltage divider circuit is connected to the voltage acquisition point, the voltage divider output terminal of the second voltage divider circuit is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier, and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the control module. The current acquisition circuit includes a sampling resistor and a second operational amplifier. The sampling resistor is connected in series in the circuit to be acquired and in parallel with the input terminal of the second operational amplifier. The output terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the control module.

8. The power management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage conversion module also includes a first DC / DC conversion circuit, which is connected between the power management module and the external device; A second DC / DC conversion circuit is connected between the power management module and the battery module.

9. The power management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A first type of discharge circuit connected by a first control switch and a second type of discharge circuit connected by a second control switch are provided between the power supply management module and the external device. The response rate of the first type of discharge circuit is greater than that of the second type of discharge circuit, and the discharge capacity of the first type of discharge circuit is less than that of the second type of discharge circuit. The control terminals of the first control switch and the second control switch are respectively connected to the control module.

10. The power management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A third control switch is also provided between the power supply management module and the external power supply, and the control terminal of the third control switch is connected to the control module.

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