Battery box, battery device and power utilization device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a battery box, a battery device and a power utilization device. The battery box comprises a box body and a cooling assembly, wherein the box body comprises at least two layers of protective layers which are arranged in a stacked manner and form an accommodating space, the accommodating space is used for accommodating a battery monomer, and the at least two layers of protective layers are configured to perform protection after the battery monomer is subjected to thermal failure; and the cooling assembly is arranged in the accommodating space and is configured to cool the battery monomers after thermal failure of the battery monomers occurs. The battery box can reduce the influence range and diffusion rate of thermal runaway of the battery monomers through dual prevention and control of physical isolation and the cooling assembly.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery box, a battery device and a power utilization device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Energy conservation and emission reduction are the key to sustainable development, which promotes the adjustment of energy structure and the development and application of battery technology. The development of battery technology lies in electrochemical energy storage technology, which has been widely used in portable electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage systems due to its high energy density, good cycle ability, high working voltage, environmental protection and low self-discharge.

[0003] High-energy-density battery devices are more likely to cause thermal runaway during use due to water immersion, short circuit, overcharge, high temperature, mechanical impact or human operation, misuse, etc.

[0004] In related technologies, once the battery device causes thermal runaway, the high-temperature spray and flammable gas released by the battery device are extremely easy to ignite or trigger the thermal runaway of adjacent battery devices, thereby causing the expansion of the range of thermal runaway. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0005] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a battery box, a battery device and a power utilization device, which aims to solve the above technical problems existing in related technologies.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a battery box, which comprises a box body and a cooling assembly. The box body comprises at least two layers of protective layers stacked and arranged, and forms a containing space for accommodating battery monomers. The at least two layers of protective layers are configured to protect the battery monomers after thermal failure of the battery monomers. The cooling assembly is arranged in the containing space and is configured to cool the battery monomers after thermal failure of the battery monomers. Thus, the at least two layers of protective layers of the box body can provide multiple physical protection barriers for the battery monomers. After thermal failure of the battery monomers in the box body, these protective layers can be used to block or delay the outward diffusion of destructive energy. The cooling assembly arranged inside the containing space can cool the battery monomers after thermal failure of the battery monomers, and inhibit the progress of electrochemical reaction. The battery box can reduce the influence range and diffusion rate of thermal runaway of the battery monomers and reduce the influence on adjacent battery devices through physical isolation and rapid cooling.

[0007] In some embodiments, the at least two layers of protective layers comprise at least one of a flame-retardant layer and a spray interception layer. Thus, by arranging the flame-retardant layer, the spread of fire caused by thermal runaway can be effectively inhibited, and the risk of ignition of adjacent battery devices is reduced. The spray interception layer has an interception function and can block the spray of the battery monomers during thermal runaway, thereby reducing the influence on other battery devices around.

[0008] In some embodiments, the at least two protective layers further comprise an inner protective layer and an outer protective layer, and the fire-retardant layer and / or the ejecta-interception layer is disposed between the inner protective layer and the outer protective layer. Thus, the inner protective layer and the outer protective layer form a physical support frame to physically protect the battery cells and also protect the fire-retardant layer / ejecta-interception layer, improving the performance and service life of the fire-retardant layer / ejecta-interception layer.

[0009] In some embodiments, the fire-retardant layer comprises a layer of aerogel material. The micro-porous structure of the aerogel material can effectively inhibit heat transfer, and its fireproof performance can prevent flame penetration, while the material itself does not release harmful substances at high temperatures.

[0010] In some embodiments, the ejecta-interception layer comprises a protective net layer. Thus, the ejecta-interception layer can be used to resist splashing particles, fragments, etc. after the battery cell fails thermally. By intercepting, dissipating, and dispersing impact energy, the destructive power of the ejecta can be reduced or eliminated, reducing the impact of battery cell thermal failure. In addition, the protective net structure is generally easy to manufacture, cut, and install, and has a low cost.

[0011] In some embodiments, the cooling assembly forms a storage cavity for storing a dissolving solution and a cooling cavity in which a coolant is placed, the coolant being configured to absorb heat when dissolved in the dissolving solution; the cooling assembly further comprises a valve configured to communicate the storage cavity and the cooling cavity when the battery cell fails thermally. Thus, by the separate design of the storage cavity and the cooling cavity, the coolant and the dissolving solution can be stored separately in advance so that they do not react prematurely. When the battery cell fails thermally, the valve communicates the storage cavity and the cooling cavity, allowing the coolant to absorb heat during the dissolution process, thereby reducing the temperature of the battery cell and suppressing thermal spread.

[0012] In some embodiments, the cooling cavity is disposed below the storage cavity. Thus, the design of placing the cooling cavity below the storage cavity is a solution based on gravity-driven and physical isolation. The dissolving solution in the upper storage cavity can be quickly and reliably transported to the cooling cavity under the action of gravity to control the reaction.

[0013] In some embodiments, the valve is an electric valve configured to be triggered after the battery cell fails thermally to communicate the storage cavity and the cooling cavity. Thus, by the automatic triggering mechanism of the electric valve, the cooling system can be quickly started in the initial stage of the battery cell thermal failure, and the dissolving solution in the storage cavity is timely transported to the cooling cavity, quickly reducing the temperature of the battery cell through heat exchange, and effectively suppressing the spread of thermal runaway.

[0014] In some embodiments, the cooling assembly further comprises a surrounding plate and a partition plate. The surrounding plate is arranged in the accommodation space and forms a cavity with the inner wall of the box. The partition plate is arranged in the cavity and is configured to divide the cavity into a liquid storage cavity and a cooling cavity. The partition plate is provided with an opening, and the valve is arranged at the opening. In this way, the surrounding plate directly uses the inner wall of the box as the boundary of the cavity, thereby saving the space of the independent liquid storage cavity / cooling cavity body shell, reducing the overall volume of the battery box. The arrangement of the partition plate and the opening can enable the valve to open and the dissolving liquid to flow into the cooling cavity through a short path.

[0015] In some embodiments, the liquid storage cavity is arranged at the side end of the accommodation space, and the cooling cavity is arranged at the bottom end of the accommodation space. In this way, the layout can utilize the action of gravity to achieve natural circulation of the coolant, and the effect of heat exchange can be achieved without additional power devices. At the same time, the structural design of the side-end liquid storage cavity and the bottom-end cooling cavity optimizes the space distribution inside the battery box, making the layout of the protective layer and the cooling assembly more compact.

[0016] In some embodiments, the box is formed with a pressure relief hole communicating with the accommodation space. The battery box further comprises a safety valve body and a trigger. The safety valve body is arranged at the pressure relief hole, and the safety valve body is connected to the trigger. The safety valve body is configured to trigger the trigger to send an alarm signal after thermal failure of the battery monomer occurs, and the alarm signal is used to trigger the electric valve. In this way, the linkage mechanism of the safety valve body and the trigger can realize early warning of thermal failure, and the electric valve is triggered to open by the alarm signal, so that the cooling assembly quickly absorbs heat.

[0017] In some embodiments, the safety valve body comprises a valve core, a valve cover and a valve bottom. One end of the valve core is connected to the valve bottom, and the other end of the valve core is connected to the valve cover. The valve core is movably inserted into the pressure relief hole. The valve bottom is located in the accommodation space, and the valve cover is located outside the accommodation space. In this way, the movable design of the valve core in the pressure relief hole can enable the safety valve body to quickly respond to the pressure change inside the accommodation space. The structural layout of the valve bottom and the valve cover arranged inside and outside the accommodation space can make the safety valve body have sealing property under normal working conditions, and also enable the safety valve body to alarm under abnormal working conditions.

[0018] In some embodiments, the safety valve body further comprises an electrically conductive body arranged on the outer surface of the box. In a normal state of the battery box, the electrically conductive body abuts against the valve cover to form an electric circuit. When the battery monomer in the battery box fails, the valve cover is spaced apart from the electrically conductive body to disconnect the electric circuit, thereby triggering the trigger to send an alarm signal. In this way, according to the change of the contact state of the electrically conductive body and the valve cover, the thermal failure of the battery monomer can be monitored in real time, and the alarm signal can be triggered immediately when the electric circuit is disconnected, thereby gaining time for emergency treatment.

[0019] In some embodiments, the safety valve body further comprises a valve seat, the valve seat is arranged on the outer surface of the box body, the valve seat is formed with a through slot, the valve cover is arranged in the through slot, and the conductive body is at least partially located in the through slot. In this way, through the cooperation of the through slot of the valve seat and the valve cover, the stable operation of the safety valve body in a high-pressure environment can be improved, and the risk of alarm failure caused by mechanical jamming can be reduced.

[0020] In some embodiments, the safety valve body further comprises an elastic member, one end of the elastic member abuts against the valve bottom, and the other end of the elastic member abuts against the inner wall of the box body. In this way, when the pressure in the accommodation space of the box body suddenly increases, the elastic member can quickly absorb the impact force generated by the movement of the valve core, reducing the mechanical wear between the safety valve body and the box body. The continuous elastic force of the elastic member can also make the safety valve body quickly reset after the pressure is released, reducing the risk of secondary leakage caused by delayed reset.

[0021] To solve the above problems, the application also provides a battery device, which comprises a battery monomer and the battery box of any one of the above embodiments, and the battery monomer is arranged in the accommodation space of the battery box.

[0022] To solve the above problems, the application also provides a battery device, which comprises the battery device of any one of the above embodiments.

[0023] The above description is only a summary of the technical solutions of the application. In order to make the technical means of the application more clear, the application can be implemented according to the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other purposes, characteristics and advantages of the application more obvious and easy to understand, the following specific embodiments of the application are described. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creating laborious work.

[0025] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the application;

[0026] Figure 2 is a disassembled structural schematic diagram of a battery device provided by some embodiments of the application;

[0027] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery box provided by some embodiments of the application;

[0028] Figure 4 is Figure 3 the first structural schematic diagram of the box body of the battery box shown.

[0029] Figure 5 is Figure 3 a second structural schematic view of a box body of the battery box shown in FIG. 1;

[0030] Figure 6 is Figure 5 an enlarged structural schematic view at circle A in FIG. 2;

[0031] Figure 7 is a structural schematic view of a battery box provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 8 is a structural schematic view of a battery box provided by yet another embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 9 is Figure 8 a whole structural schematic view of the battery box shown in FIG. 1;

[0034] Figure 10 is Figure 8 a disassembled structural schematic view of a safety valve body of the battery box shown in FIG. 1.

[0035] Reference signs: vehicle 1; battery device 2; controller 3; motor 4; battery box 10; box body 11; battery monomer 20; protective layer 111; cooling assembly 12; accommodating space 101; fire-retardant layer 112; spray interception layer 113; inner protective layer 114; outer protective layer 115; liquid storage cavity 102; cooling cavity 103; baffle 121; partition 122; cavity 104; opening 105; pressure relief hole 106; safety valve body 14; valve core 141; valve cover 142; valve bottom 143; conductive body 144; valve seat 145; elastic member 146; through slot 107; sealing ring 147. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The embodiments of the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and therefore only serve as examples, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application; the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of the present application and the above description of drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0039] Reference herein to "embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearance of the phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, nor is it necessarily independent or alternative embodiments to each other. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0040] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which means that there are three cases of A alone, A and B together, and B alone. In addition, the character " / " herein generally represents an "or" relationship between the front and rear associated objects.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "a plurality of" means two or more (including two), and similarly, "a plurality of groups" means two or more groups (including two groups), and "a plurality of pieces" means two or more pieces (including two pieces).

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application.

[0043] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the technical terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting", "fixing", and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrated; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] Energy conservation and emission reduction is the key to sustainable development, which promotes the adjustment of energy structure, and promotes the development and application of battery technology. The key to the development of battery technology is electrochemical energy storage technology, which has been widely used in portable electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage systems due to its high energy density, good cycle ability, high working voltage, environmental protection and low self-discharge.

[0045] The batteries mentioned in the art can be divided into primary batteries and rechargeable batteries according to whether they can be charged. Primary batteries, also known as "disposable" batteries and primary batteries, cannot be recharged and used after their power is depleted, and can only be discarded. Rechargeable batteries are also known as secondary batteries or secondary batteries, and storage batteries. The manufacturing materials and processes of rechargeable batteries are different from those of primary batteries, and the characteristic is that they can be used repeatedly after charging. The output current load of rechargeable batteries is higher than that of most primary batteries. The common types of rechargeable batteries at present are: lead-acid batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of light weight, large capacity (the capacity is 1.5 times to 2 times that of nickel-hydrogen batteries of the same weight), no memory effect, and very low self-discharge rate. Lithium-ion batteries are also widely used in pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. The capacity of lithium-ion batteries used for such purposes is relatively low, but has a larger output, charging current, and longer service life, but the cost is higher.

[0046] The batteries described in the embodiments of the present application refer to rechargeable batteries or primary batteries. It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed in the present application are applicable to any appropriate type of battery. The batteries mentioned in the embodiments disclosed in the present application can be directly or indirectly applied to appropriate devices to power the devices.

[0047] The battery device generally includes a plurality of battery monomers and a battery box, and the battery box serves as the main bearing and protection component of the battery monomers, and its design aims to provide mechanical support for the internal battery monomers and isolate the external environment. However, in the related technical solutions, when the battery monomers in a certain battery box undergo thermal runaway, the high heat, flammable gas and high-temperature injection released by the battery monomers are easy to ignite or trigger the adjacent battery device to enter a thermal runaway state, thereby causing thermal spread. This phenomenon is more common in high-reactivity systems such as lithium batteries, and the thermal runaway reaction is violent and rapid, with a fast diffusion rate and a large range of spread.

[0048] Based on this, some embodiments of the present application provide a battery box, which comprises a box body and a cooling assembly. The box body comprises at least two protective layers, and the box body further forms a containing space for accommodating battery monomers, that is, the box body uses a composite protection structure. The composite protection structure of the box body can block heat flow transmission through physical isolation. The cooling assembly is arranged in the containing space of the box body. When the battery monomers in the box body fail due to heat, the cooling assembly can be used to cool the battery monomers and inhibit the progress of electrochemical reactions. Therefore, the battery box has a double prevention function and can reduce the influence on adjacent battery devices.

[0049] The scheme of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0050] Specifically, to solve the technical problems existing in the related art, the present application provides a power consuming device, which can include but is not limited to a mobile phone, a tablet, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, an electric car, an electric vehicle, a ship, a spacecraft, etc. Among them, the electric toy can include a fixed or mobile electric toy, such as a game console, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, and an electric plane toy, etc. The spacecraft can include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, and a spacecraft, etc. Among them, the power consuming device can include a battery device, and the power consuming device can provide electric energy through the battery device to realize the corresponding functions.

[0051] The present application also provides an electric vehicle, which can include a battery device.

[0052] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.

[0053] The vehicle 1 can be a fuel car, a gas car, or a new energy car, and the new energy car can be a pure electric car, a hybrid car, or a range extended car, etc. The vehicle 1 is internally provided with a battery device 2, which can be arranged at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1. The battery device 2 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1, for example, the battery device 2 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1. The vehicle 1 can also include a controller 3 and a motor 4, and the controller 3 is used to control the battery device 2 to supply power to the motor 4, for example, to meet the power demand of the vehicle 1 during starting, navigation and driving.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present application, the battery device 2 can not only be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1, but also be used as a driving power source of the vehicle 1, instead of or partially instead of fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1.

[0055] In order to improve the performance of the power consuming device, the present application also provides a battery device, which is described in detail with reference to Figure 2 ,Figure 2 is a disassembly structure diagram of a battery device provided by some embodiments of the present application.

[0056] The shape of the battery device 2 can include, but is not limited to, a square cylinder or any other arbitrary shape.

[0057] In some embodiments, the battery device 2 can include a battery box 10 and battery cells 20 accommodated in the battery box 10. The battery box 10 is used to provide accommodation space for the battery cells 20, and the battery box 10 can adopt various structures. In the battery device 2, the battery cells 20 can be multiple, and the multiple battery cells 20 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, where the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel. The multiple battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the whole of the multiple battery cells 20 is accommodated in the battery box 10; of course, the battery device 2 can also be that the multiple battery cells 20 are first connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection to form a battery module, and then the multiple battery modules are connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection to form a whole, and are accommodated in the battery box 10. The battery device 2 can also include other structures, for example, the battery device 2 can also include a current combing component for realizing electrical connection between the multiple battery cells 20.

[0058] The manufacturing method of the battery cell 20 can include a laminated type and a winding type, that is, the battery cell 20 is divided into two types of laminated battery and winding battery. The laminated battery has uniform current collection effect, smaller battery internal resistance, and larger specific power, but the mold precision is required to be higher in order to improve the precision. The winding battery is simple to manufacture, and the equipment precision is generally required in the manufacturing and assembly process, the production efficiency is high, and the cost is relatively low. In terms of performance, the winding battery has excellent high and low temperature performance, very fast charging, super long life, stable high output voltage, and strong structure and shock resistance.

[0059] The battery box 10 is a main bearing component of the battery device 2, which can protect the battery cells 20 in it. The battery box 10 provides mechanical impact protection, environmental isolation (dust / waterproof), and structural support for the internal battery cells 20 through high-strength box frame and sealing design, so that the battery cells 20 can stably operate under complex working conditions. However, in related embodiments, the protection effect of the battery box 10 is weak, and after the battery cells 20 in the battery box 10 are thermally failed, they are easy to affect the surrounding battery device 2, thereby causing a chain reaction.

[0060] To solve the technical problems in the related art, the present application provides a battery box 10, which combines Figure 3 , Figure 3 is a structure diagram of a battery box provided by some embodiments of the present application.

[0061] The battery box 10 comprises a box body 11 and a cooling assembly 12. The box body 11 comprises at least two layers of protective layers 111 stacked together and forms a containing space 101 for accommodating the battery monomer 20. The at least two layers of protective layers 111 are configured to provide protection when the battery monomer 20 is in thermal runaway. The cooling assembly 12 is arranged in the containing space 101 and is configured to cool the battery monomer 20 when the battery monomer 20 is in thermal runaway.

[0062] The box body 11 of the battery box 10 has at least two layers of protective layers 111 which can form the walls of the box body 11. The protective layers 111 can also be arranged on the inner walls of the frame of the box body 11. The box body 11 of the battery box 10 adopts a multi-layer composite protection structure. The number of layers of the protective layers 111 of the battery box 10 can also be 3, 4 or more. The materials and protection effects of the multiple protective layers 111 can be different. For example, the protective layers 111 can comprise high-temperature-resistant composite materials, heat-insulating materials, fire-retardant materials, high-strength steel, etc. Exemplarily, the box body 11 can comprise two layers of protective layers 111 which can be used for fire retardation and jet interception respectively. In other embodiments, the two layers of protective layers 111 can be two layers of fire-retardant layers 112 which can use different fire-retardant materials. The types and number of layers of the protective layers 111 of the box body 11 can be selected according to actual needs. By adjusting the combination mode of the protective layers 111, different protection requirements can be achieved.

[0063] The cooling assembly 12 is arranged in the containing space 101 and is located in the same space as the battery monomer 20. When the battery monomer 20 is in thermal runaway, the cooling assembly 12 can be used to cool the battery monomer 20.

[0064] In the above embodiments, the box body 11 of the battery box 10 comprises a composite protection structure of at least two layers of protective layers 111 which can provide multiple physical protection barriers for the battery monomer 20 in the containing space 101. When the battery monomer 20 is in thermal runaway and high-temperature flames, molten materials and high-pressure gases are ejected, the stacked protective layers 111 can effectively block, absorb or delay the outward diffusion of these destructive energies. The cooling assembly 12 is arranged inside the containing space 101 and close to the battery monomer 20, which can cool the battery monomer 20 when the battery monomer 20 is in thermal runaway and inhibit the progress of the electrochemical reaction, which is faster and more efficient than external cooling systems. The battery box 10 can reduce the influence range and diffusion rate of the battery monomer 20 in thermal runaway and reduce the influence on the adjacent battery device 2 through physical isolation and rapid cooling.

[0065] The box 11 can include two parts that are overlapped to form the box 11, and the two parts together define the accommodation space 101 to accommodate the battery cell 20 and other components through the accommodation space 101. One of the two parts can be a hollow structure with one end open, and the other part can be a plate structure, and the plate structure is overlapped on the open side of the hollow structure to form the box 11 together; or both parts can be hollow structures with one side open, and the open sides of the two parts are overlapped to form the box 11.

[0066] Referring back to Figure 4 shown, Figure 4 is Figure 3 a first structural schematic diagram of the box of the battery box. In some embodiments, at least two protective layers 111 in the box 11 include at least one of a flame-retardant layer 112 and a projectile interception layer 113.

[0067] The flame-retardant layer 112 can be a high-molecular composite material (such as a flame-retardant engineering plastic, a ceramicized silica gel) added with a flame retardant or an intrinsic flame-retardant material (such as a mica plate, an intumescent coating). When a high-temperature flame or flammable gas generated by thermal runaway contacts the layer, the chain reaction of combustion can be interrupted.

[0068] The material of the projectile interception layer 113 can be selected from high-strength and high-toughness materials such as metal alloy plates, aramid fiber composites, ceramic composite armor, etc. to withstand the impact of fragments of the projectile when the battery cell 20 burns. The projectile interception layer 113 can act as a hard physical barrier to directly block high-speed flying metal fragments and molten materials. In some embodiments, the protective layer 111 of the box 11 can simultaneously include the flame-retardant layer 112 and the projectile interception layer 113 to provide multiple protections. The projectile interception layer 113 can be arranged closer to the inside of the accommodation space 101.

[0069] By arranging the flame-retardant layer 112, the flame generated by thermal runaway can be effectively inhibited from spreading, the heat radiation of the flame to adjacent cells can be reduced, the heat spread can be inhibited, and the risk of ignition of adjacent battery devices 2 can be reduced. The projectile interception layer 113 has an interception function and can block the projectile when the battery cell 20 is in thermal runaway, thereby reducing the impact on other battery devices 2 around.

[0070] Referring back to Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, Figure 5 is Figure 3 a second structural schematic diagram of the box of the battery box, Figure 6 is Figure 5 an enlarged structural schematic diagram of circle A in FIG. 8B;

[0071] In some embodiments, the at least two protective layers 111 can further include an inner protective layer 114 and an outer protective layer 115, and the fire-retardant layer 112 and / or the ejecta-interception layer 113 is disposed between the inner protective layer 114 and the outer protective layer 115.

[0072] In Figure 5 and Figure 6 In the embodiment shown, the box 11 is a structure of four protective layers 111, from the outside to the inside, an outer protective layer 115, an ejecta-interception layer 113, a fire-retardant layer 112, and an inner protective layer 114. The ejecta-interception layer 113 can be disposed close to the outer protective layer 115, and the fire-retardant layer 112 is disposed close to the inner protective layer 114. In other embodiments, the positions of the fire-retardant layer 112 and the ejecta-interception layer 113 can also be interchanged. In other embodiments, the box 11 can only have the fire-retardant layer 112 disposed between the inner protective layer 114 and the outer protective layer 115, or only have the ejecta-interception layer 113.

[0073] The inner protective layer 114 is located at the innermost layer and can directly contact the battery monomer 20. The inner protective layer 114 can have buffering and insulating properties and can preliminarily block the influence of abnormal heating of the battery monomer 20 on the fire-retardant layer 112 / ejecta-interception layer 113. The outer protective layer 115 is located at the outermost layer and can have a relatively high structural strength to resist mechanical impacts such as collision and extrusion, thereby protecting all the components inside. The outer protective layer 115 can also be used for dust and water protection. The fire-retardant layer 112 / ejecta-interception layer 113 is located between the inner protective layer 114 and the outer protective layer 115 and does not need to be distracted by external mechanical impacts or internal small-scale deformation, and can focus on responding to extreme conditions of thermal runaway (high-temperature flame, ejecta impact).

[0074] The layered structure design enables the protective layer 111 to have multiple protection functions. The inner protective layer 114 and the outer protective layer 115 form a physical support frame, which physically protects the battery monomer 20 and also protects the fire-retardant layer 112 / ejecta-interception layer 113, thereby improving the performance and service life of the fire-retardant layer 112 / ejecta-interception layer 113. The fire-retardant layer 112 effectively blocks high-temperature conduction and inhibits flame spread, and the ejecta-interception layer 113 can block high-temperature ejecta generated by thermal runaway. The combination of the fire-retardant layer 112 and the ejecta-interception layer 113 can be adjusted according to different protection requirements. The inner protective layer 114 and the outer protective layer 115 can absorb part of the impact energy. The layered layout of the multiple protective layers 111 enables the functional layers to be independent of each other and to act in synergy, which can both inhibit the chain reaction caused by thermal failure and reduce the occupation of the containment space 101 by the protection structure, thereby improving the overall safety and structural reliability of the battery box 10.

[0075] In some embodiments, the fire-retardant layer 112 can include a layer of aerogel material.

[0076] The fireproof layer 112 can include aerogel material, which has high porosity, low thermal conductivity and high temperature stability characteristics. The aerogel material can be arranged in a layered structure on the box body 11, and the thickness of the aerogel material layer can range from 1 to 3 millimeters. The aerogel material can form a thermal resistance layer through its porous structure, while having high temperature resistance. In specific implementation, the aerogel material can be in the form of aerogel felt, aerogel board or aerogel coating, which is fixed on the inner wall of the box body 11 by bonding, buckling or injection molding. The micro-porous structure of the aerogel material can effectively inhibit heat transfer, and its fireproof performance can prevent flame penetration, while the material itself will not release harmful substances at high temperatures.

[0077] In other embodiments, the fireproof layer 112 can also include a ceramic-based material layer, a metal-based barrier layer, etc. The ceramic-based material layer has ultra-high temperature stability, thermal shock resistance, and acoustic vibration attenuation capability achieved through pore design. The metal-based barrier layer has unique mechanical energy absorption characteristics. The metal-based barrier layer is a functional material layer used to prevent penetration, diffusion or corrosion, and is widely used in the fields of electronics, energy, packaging, aerospace, etc.

[0078] In some embodiments, the spray interception layer 113 can also include a protective net layer.

[0079] When the battery cell 20 fails, the spray interception layer 113 can intercept the spray by setting up a protective net structure. The protective net layer can be a metal mesh structure, such as a steel mesh, with a thickness ranging from 0.5 to 1 millimeter. In specific implementation, the protective net layer can also be set up as a multi-layer superimposed structure, or a combination of mesh materials with different pore sizes. This structure physically blocks high-temperature gas and spray through the mesh pores.

[0080] After the battery cell 20 fails, the spray interception layer 113 can be used to resist the impact of flying particles, fragments, etc. By intercepting, dissipating and dispersing impact energy, the destructive power of the spray can be reduced or eliminated, reducing the impact range of the battery cell 20 failure. In addition, the protective net structure is generally easy to manufacture, cut and install, and has low cost.

[0081] Referring again to Figure 7 shown, Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery box provided by some embodiments of the present application. In some embodiments, the cooling assembly 12 forms a liquid storage cavity 102 and a cooling cavity 103, the liquid storage cavity 102 is used to store a dissolving liquid, and the cooling cavity 103 contains a coolant configured to absorb heat when dissolved in the dissolving liquid; the cooling assembly 12 further includes a valve 13 configured to communicate the liquid storage cavity 102 and the cooling cavity 103 when the battery cell 20 fails.

[0082] The cooling assembly 12 comprises a storage cavity 102 for storing a dissolving solution and a cooling cavity 103 for placing a coolant. The coolant generates an endothermic reaction when dissolved in the dissolving solution. The valve 13 is activated when the battery cell 20 is in thermal runaway, so as to enable the storage cavity 102 to communicate with the cooling cavity 103. The dissolving solution can comprise water or other solvents. The coolant can comprise endothermic substances such as endothermic salts, urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, etc. The valve 13 can be electrically controlled or mechanically triggered. The relative positions of the storage cavity 102 and the cooling cavity 103 can be vertically distributed or horizontally distributed, and the communication can be achieved through a pipe or an open channel. The mixing ratio of the coolant and the dissolving solution can be adjusted according to the intensity of thermal runaway.

[0083] Thanks to the split design of the storage cavity 102 and the cooling cavity 103, the coolant and the dissolving solution can be stored separately in advance, so that they will not react in advance. When the battery cell 20 is in thermal runaway, the valve 13 is opened, so that the dissolving solution enters the cooling cavity 103. The coolant efficiently absorbs heat during the dissolving process, directly reduces the temperature of the battery cell 20, and inhibits the spread of thermal runaway. The physical process of dissolving and absorbing heat of the coolant has the characteristics of fast response. The split storage structure can reduce or avoid the performance degradation of the coolant caused by long-term soaking.

[0084] In some embodiments, the valve 13 is an electric valve configured to be triggered after the battery cell 20 is in thermal runaway, so as to enable the storage cavity 102 to communicate with the cooling cavity 103.

[0085] The electric valve is an execution component for controlling the communication between the storage cavity 102 and the cooling cavity 103. When the battery cell 20 is in thermal runaway, the electric valve is opened by a preset triggering mechanism. The triggering condition of the electric valve can be based on a temperature sensor or a pressure sensor, for example, when it is detected that the temperature of the battery cell 20 exceeds a preset threshold or the pressure inside the accommodation space 101 is abnormal, the electric valve performs an opening operation. The electric valve can comprise an electromagnetic valve, an electric actuator or a valve structure driven by a shape memory alloy.

[0086] Thanks to the automatic triggering mechanism of the electric valve, the cooling assembly 12 can be quickly started in the initial stage of thermal runaway of the battery cell 20, so as to transport the dissolving solution in the storage cavity 102 to the cooling cavity 103, rapidly reduce the temperature of the battery cell 20 through heat exchange, and effectively inhibit the spread of thermal runaway. Compared with the passive heat dissipation structure, the active cooling strategy has faster response speed and more precise control ability, which can significantly reduce the risk caused by thermal runaway. At the same time, the electric control characteristics of the valve 13 enable it to be linked with the battery management system, so as to dynamically adjust the cooling intensity according to the degree of thermal runaway. In this way, the protection effect is ensured and the waste of resources caused by excessive cooling is reduced.

[0087] In some embodiments, the cooling cavity 103 is arranged below the storage cavity 102.

[0088] The relative position relationship between the cooling cavity 103 and the liquid storage cavity 102 is that the cooling cavity 103 is located below the liquid storage cavity 102. The liquid storage cavity 102 is used to contain the dissolving liquid, which can flow directionally into the cooling cavity 103 by gravity. The connection between the liquid storage cavity 102 and the cooling cavity 103 can be provided with a one-way valve or a flow limiting structure to control the flow direction and speed of the dissolving liquid.

[0089] By arranging the cooling cavity 103 below the liquid storage cavity 102, the flow of the dissolving liquid can be accelerated by gravity, and the cooling efficiency can be improved. When the thermal failure of the battery monomer 20 is triggered, the dissolving liquid can quickly flow from the liquid storage cavity 102 to the cooling cavity 103, enhancing the cooling effect on the battery monomer 20. At the same time, the cooling cavity 103 located at the bottom can reduce the overall gravity center of the battery box 10, improving the stability of the battery box 10. Therefore, the design of arranging the cooling cavity 103 below the liquid storage cavity 102 is a solution based on gravity driving and physical isolation. The dissolving liquid in the upper liquid storage cavity 102 can be quickly and reliably transported to the cooling cavity 103 under the action of gravity for reaction control.

[0090] Referring back to Figure 8 , it is shown that Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery box provided by some embodiments of the present application. In some embodiments, the cooling assembly 12 further comprises a surrounding plate 121 and a partition plate 122. The surrounding plate 121 is arranged in the accommodation space 101, and the surrounding plate 121 and the inner wall of the box body 11 form a cavity 104. The partition plate 122 is arranged in the cavity 104, and the partition plate 122 is configured to separate the cavity 104 into a liquid storage cavity 102 and a cooling cavity 103. The partition plate 122 is provided with an opening 105, and the valve 13 is arranged at the opening 105. Figure 7

[0091] The surrounding plate 121 is installed inside the accommodation space 101 to form the cavity 104 with the inner wall of the box body 11. The partition plate 122 is located inside the cavity 104 to separate the cavity 104 into the liquid storage cavity 102 and the cooling cavity 103. Through the separation structure of the surrounding plate 121 and the partition plate 122, the dissolving liquid can flow directionally to the cooling cavity 103, and the valve 13 is used to control the timing of the dissolving liquid release. The material of the surrounding plate 121 can be selected from high-temperature resistant metal or composite material, and the size of the opening 105 on the partition plate 122 can be designed according to the flow demand of the dissolving liquid. A one-way valve or other components can be arranged at the opening 105 to prevent the backflow of the dissolving liquid, thereby affecting the cooling effect of the coolant.

[0092] ​The cavity 104 structure formed by the surrounding plate 121 and the inner wall of the box body 11 can concentrate the flow of the dissolving solution to a designated area, improving the cooling efficiency. The surrounding plate 121 directly uses the inner wall of the box body 11 as the boundary of the cavity 104, eliminating the need for an independent shell structure for the liquid storage cavity 102 / cooling cavity 103, saving costs, saving space, and reducing the overall volume of the battery box 10. The setting of the partition plate 122 and the opening 105 can make the dissolving solution flow into the cooling cavity 103 through a shorter path after the valve 13 is opened. The dissolving solution flows in a specific path and does not diffuse disorderly, improving the cooling effect.

[0093] As shown in Figure 8 , in some embodiments, the liquid storage cavity 102 is arranged at the side end of the accommodation space 101, and the cooling cavity 103 is arranged at the bottom end of the accommodation space 101.

[0094] The liquid storage cavity 102 is arranged at the side end, and the cooling cavity 103 is arranged at the bottom. In this way, the flow of the dissolving solution can be promoted by gravity, improving the cooling efficiency. The layout of the liquid storage cavity 102 and the cooling cavity 103 can optimize the use of the internal space of the battery box 10. The cooling cavity 103 is located at the bottom end, and the dissolving solution can automatically flow into the cooling cavity 103 by gravity. No additional power device is needed to achieve heat exchange. This layered arrangement can shorten the heat transfer path, allowing the coolant to preferentially absorb heat from the high-temperature area at the bottom of the battery monomer 20, reducing the risk of local overheating. At the same time, the structural design of the side-end liquid storage cavity 102 and the bottom-end cooling cavity 103 optimizes the distribution of the internal space of the battery box 10, making the layout of the protective layer 111 and the cooling assembly 12 more compact. Moreover, the box door (not shown in the figure) of the box body 11 is generally arranged at the upper end, and the arrangement of the liquid storage cavity 102 and the cooling cavity 103 does not interfere with the box door of the box body 11.

[0095] Referring again to Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 , as shown in Figure 9 , as shown in Figure 8 , the overall structure of the battery box is shown in Figure 10 , as shown in Figure 8 , the disassembly structure of the safety valve body of the battery box is shown. In some embodiments, the box body 11 is formed with a pressure relief hole 106 communicating with the accommodation space 101. The battery box 10 further comprises a safety valve body 14 and a trigger (not shown in the figure), the safety valve body 14 is arranged at the pressure relief hole 106, the safety valve body 14 is connected with the trigger, and the safety valve body 14 is configured to trigger the trigger to send an alarm signal after the thermal failure of the battery monomer 20 occurs, and the alarm signal is used to trigger the electric valve.

[0096] The box 11 is provided with a pressure relief hole 106 communicating with the accommodation space 101, which can be used to release the abnormal pressure inside the box 11. The safety valve body 14 is installed in the pressure relief hole 106, which can sense the thermal failure of the battery monomer 20. Optionally, the safety valve body 14 can be used to sense the change of the pressure in the box 11 to trigger the trigger to send an alarm signal. Through the combination design of the pressure relief hole 106 and the safety valve body 14, the high-pressure gas generated by the thermal failure of the battery monomer 20 can be released in time, and the damage degree of the structure of the box 11 is reduced. In other embodiments, the safety valve body 14 can also be used to sense the change of the temperature in the box 11 to trigger the trigger to send an alarm signal.

[0097] The linkage mechanism of the safety valve body 14 and the trigger can realize early warning of the thermal failure of the battery monomer 20, and the opening of the electric valve is triggered by the alarm signal, so that the dissolving liquid in the liquid storage cavity 102 can quickly reach the cooling cavity 103, so that the coolant in the cooling cavity 103 is dissolved and endothermic. This structural design can realize remote monitoring through the trigger, and at the same time the electric valve is triggered to direct the dissolving liquid in the liquid storage cavity 102 to the cooling cavity 103 for timely heat absorption, heat spread suppression, and reduction of the risk of thermal runaway of adjacent battery devices 2.

[0098] In some embodiments, referring back to Figure 10 As shown, the safety valve body 14 can include a valve core 141, a valve cover 142 and a valve bottom 143, one end of the valve core 141 is connected with the valve bottom 143, the other end of the valve core 141 is connected with the valve cover 142, the valve core 141 is movably inserted into the pressure relief hole 106, the valve bottom 143 is located in the accommodation space 101, and the valve cover 142 is located outside the accommodation space 101.

[0099] The valve core 141 is movably arranged in the pressure relief hole 106, so that the safety valve body 14 can trigger the trigger to send an alarm signal according to the movement of the valve core 141. The valve bottom 143 is under pressure in the box 11 of the battery box 10, the valve core 141 acts as a movable rod to transmit pressure, and the valve cover 142 forms a seal on the outside. This structural design can realize the pressure release function through the displacement of the valve core 141, when the internal pressure is abnormal, the valve core 141 will move the valve cover 142, thereby triggering the alarm or pressure relief mechanism. This design can balance dynamic sealing and accurate triggering, that is, it can be sealed under normal working conditions and quickly respond in thermal runaway.

[0100] Through the activity design of the valve core 141 in the pressure relief hole 106, the real-time response to the internal pressure change of the battery pack can be realized, and when the pressure exceeds the safety threshold, the pressure relief action can be triggered quickly to effectively prevent the explosion risk caused by the excessively high pressure. The mechanical movement generated in the displacement process of the valve core 141 can also synchronously activate multiple safety protection functions, including pressure release, alarm notification, and dissolution liquid release, to form a multi-level protection system.

[0101] Optionally, as shown in Figure 10 The outer side of the valve cover 142 can be provided with a sealing ring 147, which can enhance the sealing effect.

[0102] In some embodiments, referring back to Figure 10 The safety valve body 14 can further include a conductive body 144, which can be arranged on the outer surface of the box body 11. In the normal state of the battery box 10, the conductive body 144 abuts against the valve cover 142 to form an electric circuit. When the battery monomer 20 in the battery box 10 is in a state of thermal failure, the valve cover 142 is spaced apart from the conductive body 144 to disconnect the electric circuit, thereby triggering the trigger to send an alarm signal.

[0103] The conductive body 144 can be connected with the trigger. The conductive body 144 can be provided with two, respectively abutting against both ends of the valve cover 142. One end of the trigger is connected with one conductive body 144 through an input lead wire, and the other conductive body 144 is connected with the other end of the trigger through an output lead wire. The conductive body 144, the valve cover 142, and the trigger form an electric circuit. The conductive body 144 is equivalent to a circuit switch of the trigger. In the normal state, the top end of the conductive body 144 contacts the bottom end of the valve cover 142 to form an electric circuit. When the battery monomer 20 is in a state of thermal failure, the valve cover 142 is separated from the conductive body 144 due to the change of the internal pressure. When the valve core 141 moves, the electric circuit is disconnected, and the built-in logic of the trigger can regard the disconnection as an alarm signal.

[0104] The real-time monitoring of thermal failure is realized through the change of the contact state of the conductive body 144 and the valve cover 142. When the electric circuit is disconnected, an alarm signal can be triggered immediately to gain time for emergency treatment. The separation action of the conductive body 144 and the valve cover 142 can be synchronized with the pressure relief function of the safety valve body 14 to reduce the accumulation of internal pressure caused by thermal failure. At the same time, the start of the cooling assembly 12 can be triggered by disconnecting the electric circuit to inhibit the spread of heat by using the heat absorption reaction of the coolant. The design of the conductive body 144 can make the alarm signal be reliably triggered.

[0105] Optionally, the conductive body 144 can not be directly arranged on the outer surface of the box body 11, but can be arranged on the outer surface of the box body 11 through an adapter plate (not shown), or the conductive body 144 can be arranged on the valve seat 145 described below. In this way, the assembly and disassembly of the conductive body 144 are facilitated.

[0106] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 10 The safety valve body 14 further includes a valve seat 145, which can be arranged on the outer surface of the box body 11. The valve seat 145 is formed with a through groove 107, and the valve cover 142 is arranged in the through groove 107. The conductive body 144 is at least partially arranged in the through groove 107.

[0107] The valve seat 145 of the safety valve body 14 is fixed on the outer surface of the box body 11 and forms a through groove 107 structure for accommodating the valve cover 142 and the conductive body 144. The conductive body 144 is partially embedded in the through groove 107 and forms a contact loop with the valve cover 142. When the internal pressure of the box body 11 is abnormal, the valve core 141 drives the valve cover 142 to move away from the conductive body 144, triggering an alarm signal through mechanical displacement. The through groove 107 of the valve seat 145 is designed to improve the stability of the movement trajectory of the valve cover 142, and the size of the through groove 107 matches the shape of the valve cover 142. The valve seat 145 can be made of metal material to improve the durability of the overall device and adapt to complex working conditions.

[0108] Through the cooperation structure of the through groove 107 of the valve seat 145 and the valve cover 142, the safety valve body 14 can stably operate in a high-pressure environment, reducing the risk of alarm failure caused by mechanical jamming.

[0109] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 10 The safety valve body 14 can further include a resilient member 146, one end of which abuts against the valve bottom 143, and the other end of which abuts against the inner wall of the box body 11.

[0110] The stiffness of the resilient member 146 can be adjusted according to the working pressure of the safety valve body 14. For example, when the valve bottom 143 is affected by the internal gas pressure, the resilient member 146 can assist the valve core 141 to reset and maintain the sealing property. In the embodiment shown in Figure 10 The resilient member 146 is a spring, which is sleeved on the valve core 141. In other embodiments, the resilient member 146 can also be a spring piece or a bellows, etc.

[0111] By arranging the resilient member 146, the dynamic response performance of the safety valve body 14 can be improved. When the pressure in the accommodation space 101 of the box body 11 suddenly increases, the resilient member 146 can quickly absorb the impact force generated by the movement of the valve core 141, reducing the mechanical wear between the valve core 141 and the box body 11. The continuous elastic force of the resilient member 146 can also make the valve bottom 143 quickly reset after the pressure is released, reducing the risk of secondary leakage caused by delayed reset. At the same time, the contact structure of the resilient member 146 and the valve bottom 143 can form an additional sealing barrier, reducing the possibility of penetration of high-temperature spatter, thereby improving the thermal runaway protection level of the battery box 10 as a whole.

[0112] Please refer to Figure 5 ,Figure 6 and Figures 8 to 10 The structure of the battery box 10 will be described below as shown in the figure.

[0113] In some embodiments, the battery box 10 comprises a box body 11, a cooling assembly 12 and a safety valve body 14. The box body 11 is formed with a receiving space 101, the cooling assembly 12 is located in the receiving space 101 of the box body 11, and the box body 11 is a composite protective layer 111 structure. The top end of the box body 11 is provided with a pressure relief hole 106, and the top end of the box body 11 refers to the uppermost end of the box body 11 in the normal use state of the battery box 10. The safety valve body 14 is arranged in the pressure relief hole 106.

[0114] The safety valve body 14 comprises a valve core 141, a valve bottom 143, a valve cover 142, a reset spring, a valve seat 145 and a conductor 144. The valve core 141 is arranged in the pressure relief hole 106, the valve bottom 143 is fixed to the inner side end of the box body 11, the valve cover 142 is connected to the outer side end of the box body 11, the reset spring is sleeved on the valve core 141, the reset spring is arranged between the valve bottom 143 and the inner wall of the box body 11, the valve seat 145 is fixed to the outer surface of the box body 11, and the conductor 144 is arranged on the outer surface of the box body 11. When the battery monomer 20 in the box body 11 fails, gas is generated, causing a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the box body 11, and the valve core 141 and the valve cover 142 are driven to move outward by the pressure difference. The safety valve body 14 triggers the trigger to generate an alarm signal, and the cooling assembly 12 can be triggered to cool the battery monomer 20 and suppress the thermal failure reaction.

[0115] The valve seat 145 is formed with a through slot 107, the valve cover 142 is provided with a sealing ring 147 on the outer side, the bottom surface of the valve cover 142 is in contact with the conductor 144, and the conductor 144 corresponds to the circuit switch of the trigger. Under normal circumstances, the trigger, the conductor 144 and the valve cover 142 form an electric circuit, the valve core 141 moves to trigger the circuit, the circuit is broken, and the built-in logic of the trigger regards the break as an alarm signal.

[0116] The box body 11 comprises an outer protective layer 115, a spray interception layer 113, a fire-retardant layer 112 and an inner protective layer 114. The outer protective layer 115 is located at the outermost side of the box body 11, the inner protective layer 114 is located at the innermost side of the box body 11, the spray interception layer 113 and the fire-retardant layer 112 are arranged between the outer protective layer 115 and the inner protective layer 114, and the spray interception layer 113 can be adjacent to the outer protective layer 115, and the fire-retardant layer 112 is adjacent to the inner protective layer 114. When the battery monomer 20 fails, a large amount of gas will be generated, and when the reaction is violent, flames will be sprayed, which may burn through the box body 11 and affect the adjacent battery device 2. The spray interception layer 113 and the fire-retardant layer 112 can improve the strength of the box body 11 and reduce the influence on the adjacent battery device 2.

[0117] The spray interception layer 113 can be a steel wire mesh with a thickness ranging from 0.5 mm to 1 mm, so that the spray interception layer 113 has low cost and good structural strength.

[0118] The fireproof layer 112 is made of aerogel material with a thickness ranging from 1 mm to 3 mm, so that the reliability of the fireproof layer 112 is improved.

[0119] The cooling assembly 12 includes a liquid storage cavity 102 and a cooling cavity 103. The liquid storage cavity 102 is arranged on the side surface of the box body 11, and the dissolving liquid in the liquid storage cavity 102 can be water. The cooling cavity 103 is arranged on the bottom surface of the box body 11, and an opening 105 with an electric valve is arranged between the liquid storage cavity 102 and the cooling cavity 103. When the battery monomer 20 is in thermal failure, the trigger is triggered, and the electric valve is triggered at the same time, so that the water in the liquid storage cavity 102 enters the cooling cavity 103 through the opening 105. After the coolant in the cooling cavity 103 is dissolved in water, a large amount of heat is absorbed, so that the cooling effect is achieved, and the intensification of the thermal failure reaction is inhibited.

[0120] In summary, the box body 11 of the battery box 10 has a composite protection structure, which can provide multiple physical protection barriers for the battery monomer 20 in the accommodation space 101. When the battery monomer 20 is in thermal runaway and high-temperature flames, molten materials and high-pressure gas are sprayed out, the stacked protection layers 111 can effectively block, absorb or delay the outward diffusion of these destructive energies. The cooling assembly 12 is arranged inside the accommodation space 101 and close to the battery monomer 20, which can cool the battery monomer 20 after the battery monomer 20 is in thermal failure, and inhibit the progress of the electrochemical reaction, which is faster and more efficient than the external cooling system. Through physical isolation and rapid cooling, the battery box 10 can reduce the influence range and diffusion rate of the battery monomer 20 in thermal runaway, and reduce the influence on the adjacent battery device 2.

[0121] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, which should be covered in the scope of the claims and the specification of the present application. Especially, as long as there is no structural conflict, each technical feature mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the text, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A battery box characterized by, The battery box comprises: a box body comprising at least two layers of protective layers arranged in a stack and forming a containing space for accommodating battery monomers, the at least two layers of protective layers being configured to protect the battery monomers after thermal failure of the battery monomers, wherein the at least two layers of protective layers comprise at least one of a fire-retardant layer and a jet intercepting layer; a cooling assembly arranged in the containing space, the cooling assembly being configured to cool the battery monomers after thermal failure of the battery monomers.

2. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, The at least two layers of protective layers further comprise an inner protective layer and an outer protective layer, and the fire-retardant layer and / or the jet intercepting layer is arranged between the inner protective layer and the outer protective layer.

3. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, The fire-retardant layer comprises an aerogel material layer.

4. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, The jet intercepting layer comprises a protective net layer.

5. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, The cooling assembly forms a liquid storage cavity for storing a dissolving liquid and a cooling cavity in which a coolant is arranged, the coolant being configured to absorb heat when dissolved in the dissolving liquid; The cooling assembly further comprises a valve configured to communicate the liquid storage cavity and the cooling cavity when the battery monomers are in a state of thermal failure.

6. The battery pack of claim 5, wherein, The cooling cavity is arranged below the liquid storage cavity.

7. The battery pack of claim 5, wherein, The valve is an electric valve configured to be triggered to communicate the liquid storage cavity and the cooling cavity after the battery monomers are in a state of thermal failure.

8. The battery pack of claim 5, wherein, The cooling assembly comprises: a surrounding plate arranged in the containing space, the surrounding plate and an inner wall of the box body surrounding a cavity; a partition plate arranged in the cavity, the partition plate being configured to divide the cavity into the liquid storage cavity and the cooling cavity, and the partition plate being provided with an opening, and the valve is arranged at the opening.

9. The battery pack of claim 8, wherein, The liquid storage cavity is arranged at a side end of the containing space, and the cooling cavity is arranged at a bottom end of the containing space.

10. The battery pack of claim 7, wherein, The box body is formed with a pressure relief hole communicating with the containing space; The battery box further comprises a safety valve body arranged at the pressure relief hole and connected to a trigger, the safety valve body being configured to trigger the trigger to send an alarm signal when the battery monomers are in a state of thermal failure, and the alarm signal is used to trigger the electric valve.

11. The battery pack of claim 10, wherein, The safety valve body comprises a valve core, a valve cover and a valve bottom, one end of the valve core is connected to the valve bottom, the other end of the valve core is connected to the valve cover, the valve core is movably inserted into the pressure relief hole, the valve bottom is located in the containing space, and the valve cover is located outside the containing space.

12. The battery pack of claim 11, wherein, The safety valve body further comprises an electrically conductive body arranged on an outer surface of the box body, In a normal state of the battery box, the electrically conductive body abuts against the valve cover to form an electric circuit, and in a state of thermal failure of the battery monomers in the battery box, the valve cover is spaced apart from the electrically conductive body to disconnect the electric circuit, thereby triggering the trigger to send an alarm signal.

13. The battery pack of claim 12, wherein, The safety valve body further comprises a valve seat arranged on an outer surface of the box body, the valve seat is formed with a through groove, the valve cover is arranged in the through groove, and the electrically conductive body is at least partially located in the through groove.

14. The battery pack of claim 11, wherein, The safety valve body further comprises an elastic member, one end of the elastic member abuts against the valve bottom, and the other end of the elastic member abuts against the inner wall of the box body.

15. A battery device characterized by comprising: The battery device comprises a battery monomer and the battery box according to any one of claims 1 to 14, and the battery monomer is arranged in the accommodating space of the battery box.

16. An electrical device, comprising: The power consumption device comprises the battery device according to claim 15.

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