Nuclear fusion field anti-configuration power supply system with coil energy recovery function

Abstract

The utility model discloses a nuclear fusion field reverse configuration power supply system with coil energy recovery, which comprises a direct current source, a converter and a transformer I which are connected in sequence, the output of the transformer I is divided into three branches which are respectively corresponding to a field inversion branch, a preionization branch and a bias branch, and the outputs of the three branches are all connected to a theta-pinch coil; the device further comprises a discharge branch circuit connected with the theta-pinch coil, the discharge branch circuit is connected with an energy recovery assembly, and the energy recovery assembly is used for recovering inductance energy of the theta-pinch coil to a direct current source. The power supply system has a coil energy recovery function, the operation cost of the system is reduced, the overall efficiency of the system is improved, and the heat dissipation design requirement of the system is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to nuclear fusion technical field, concretely relates to a nuclear fusion field anti -configuration power supply system with coil energy recovery. BACKGROUND

[0002] Deuterium-deuterium and deuterium-tritium fusion are two common forms of nuclear fusion reactions, which have potential energy utilization value. Nuclear fusion refers to the process of two lighter atomic nuclei (such as deuterium nuclei and tritium nuclei) combining under high temperature and high pressure to form a heavier atomic nucleus and release energy. This is the way the sun and other stars generate energy continuously.

[0003] With the growing global demand for clean energy, deuterium-deuterium and deuterium-tritium nuclear fusion as a potential energy source, its research significance and application prospect are increasingly worth attention. It is estimated that nuclear fusion can meet the energy needs of mankind for millions of years.

[0004] Fusion fuel is abundant and easy to obtain: deuterium can be extracted from seawater at a low cost, and tritium can be produced using abundant natural lithium. Unlike traditional reactors that use uranium and plutonium nuclear fission materials, deuterium-deuterium and deuterium-tritium fusion reactors do not produce high-level radioactive, long-lived nuclear waste, and fusion reactors also do not have the risk of core meltdown due to uncontrolled high temperatures caused by nuclear reactions. Once the state is out of control, the fusion reaction will immediately stop, and there will be no irreparable loss.

[0005] Nuclear fusion also does not produce greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, and is environmentally friendly. Deuterium-deuterium or deuterium-tritium nuclear fusion can play a role in mitigating climate change as a clean energy source in the future.

[0006] Field reversed configuration (FRC) is a common plasma configuration. The theta-pinch coil (theta-pinch) is the most traditional and common method of forming a field reversed configuration, and its device is mainly composed of four electrical branches (1, 2, 3, 4), a magnet coil (5), and a vacuum chamber (6), as shown in Figure 1 .

[0007] Each branch is composed of a capacitor and a switch, where branch 1 is a field reversal branch, branch 2 is a pre-ionization branch, branch 3 is a bias branch, and branch 4 is a freewheeling / energy discharge branch. The timing discharge of the four branches corresponds to the four stages of the field reversed plasma formation process. Branch 5 is the theta-pinch coil of the field reversed configuration, which can actually be regarded as an inductor.

[0008] The branch 1 is used to generate a reversed magnetic field, the branch 2 is used to generate plasma by high-frequency oscillation ionization of neutral gas, the branch 3 is used to generate a bias magnetic field in the quartz tube, and the branch 4 is in an off state during the time sequence work of the first three branches. After the work of the first three branches is completed, the branch 4 is turned on to provide a release path for the energy stored in the inductance (the branch 5) of the theta-pinch coil.

[0009] The existing power supply system for forming a field reversed configuration has the following disadvantages: after the work is completed, the switch of the branch 4 is closed, the energy stored in the inductance of the theta-pinch coil 5 is released through the branch 4, the energy is consumed by the resistance in the circuit, the main form of loss is heat energy, which causes great heat loss, increases the heat dissipation cost of the system and the thermal stress of the device, and may cause the safety and service life of the system to decrease. If the coil energy can be recycled, the operation cost of the system can be reduced, the overall efficiency of the system can be improved, and the heat dissipation design requirement of the system can be reduced. Practical new type content

[0010] The utility model discloses to the following technical scheme realizes:

[0011] The utility model discloses to the following technical scheme realizes:

[0012] The utility model provides a kind of nuclear fusion field reversed configuration power supply system with coil energy recovery, it includes the direct current source, converter and transformer one connected in turn, the output of the transformer one is divided into three branches, corresponding field reversal branch, preionization branch and bias branch respectively, the output of three branches is connected to θ-pinch coil;It further includes the discharge branch connected with θ-pinch coil, energy recovery component is connected on the discharge branch, and the energy recovery component is used to recover θ-pinch coil electric energy to direct current source.

[0013] As preferred scheme of the utility model, the energy recovery component includes transformer two, capacitor and DCDC power supply connected in turn, the transformer two is connected with the discharge branch, and the DCDC power supply is connected with the direct current source.

[0014] As preferred scheme of the utility model, the energy recovery component is flywheel energy storage structure, and the flywheel energy storage structure connects discharge branch and direct current source.

[0015] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the energy recovery assembly includes a converter, a flywheel and a DCDC power supply, the converter is connected with the discharge branch, the flywheel motor and the DCDC power supply are both connected with the converter, and the DCDC power supply is connected with the direct current source.

[0016] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the field reversal branch includes a rectifier, a switch one, a capacitor and a switch two connected in sequence, wherein the rectifier is connected with transformer one, and the switch two is connected with the θ-pinch coil.

[0017] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the preionization branch includes a rectifier, a switch one, a capacitor and a switch two connected in sequence, wherein the rectifier is connected with transformer one, and the switch two is connected with the θ-pinch coil.

[0018] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the bias branch includes a rectifier, a switch one, a capacitor and a switch two connected in sequence, wherein the rectifier is connected with transformer one, and the switch two is connected with the θ-pinch coil.

[0019] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the converter includes an inverter.

[0020] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the inverter is a single-phase bridge arm or a three-phase bridge arm.

[0021] As a preferred scheme of the utility model, the converter includes a direct current pulse power supply.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The utility model connects the energy recovery assembly on the discharge branch, recovers the θ-pinch coil electric energy to the direct current source by the energy recovery assembly, realizes the recovery of the θ-pinch coil stored energy, improves the system efficiency, reduces the system loss and the system heat design risk;

[0024] 2. The utility model adopts the transformer isolation mode, realizes the charging function of the three different branch capacitors of the θ-pinch coil, and each branch is isolated from each other during charging, avoids mutual interference and influence;

[0025] 3. The utility model can also be applicable to the charging function of the different branch capacitors of multiple coils in the device, and can also adapt to the design of more branches of the same coil, that is, realizes the integrated design of the charging circuit of the θ-pinch coil;

[0026] 4. The utility model realizes the electrical isolation between each branch, so that the safety of other branches is not affected even if one branch fails or is damaged during work. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a topology diagram of an existing FRC power system.

[0029] Figure 2 This invention relates to a nuclear fusion field inversion power supply system with coil energy recovery. Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 3 This invention relates to a nuclear fusion field inversion power supply system with coil energy recovery. Figure 2 . Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this utility model are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0034] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0035] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is merely an association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can represent the three cases of existence of A, existence of A and B, and existence of B. In addition, the character " / " in this paper generally represents that the front and rear associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0036] In the embodiments of the present application, the same reference signs represent the same components, and for the sake of brevity, the detailed description of the same components is omitted in different embodiments. It should be understood that the thickness, length, width and other dimensions of various components in the embodiments of the present application shown in the drawings, and the overall thickness, length, width and other dimensions of the integrated device are only exemplary and should not constitute any limitation on the present application.

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "a plurality of" means two or more (including two), and similarly, "a plurality of groups" means two or more groups (including two groups), and "a plurality of pieces" means two or more pieces (including two pieces), unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the technical terms "mounting", "connection", "connection", "fixing" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrated; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] Please refer to Figures 2 to 3The nuclear fusion field reverse configuration power supply system with coil energy recovery provided in the embodiments of the present application comprises a direct current source, a converter and a transformer 1 connected in sequence, the output of the transformer 1 is divided into three branches, which are branch 1, branch 2 and branch 3 respectively, wherein the branch 1 is a field reversal branch, the branch 2 is a pre-ionization branch, and the branch 3 is a bias branch, the outputs of the three branches are all connected to a θ-pinch coil; further comprising a discharge branch connected with the θ-pinch coil, an energy recovery assembly is connected on the discharge branch, and the energy recovery assembly is used to recover the θ-pinch coil electric energy to the direct current source.

[0041] The system obtains energy from the direct current source, that is to say, the direct current source is the input source of the system. The converter comprises an inverter or a direct current pulse power supply. The direct current source passes through an inverter link, the inverter can be a single-phase bridge arm or a three-phase bridge arm, and the direct current is converted into alternating current. The design of the direct current pulse power supply can be used instead of the design of the inverter to convert the direct current into a direct current pulse, thereby making necessary conditions for realizing transformer electrical isolation and energy transmission.

[0042] In the present application, the energy recovery assembly is connected on the discharge branch, when the discharge branch starts to work, the θ-pinch coil electric energy is recovered to the direct current source by the energy recovery assembly, the recovery of the θ-pinch coil stored energy is realized, and the system efficiency is improved, the system loss is reduced, and the system thermal design risk is reduced.

[0043] According to some embodiments of the present application, the branch 1 comprises a rectifier 1, a switch 11, a capacitor 1 and a switch 12 connected in sequence, wherein the rectifier 1 is connected with the transformer 1, and the switch 12 is connected with the θ-pinch coil.

[0044] According to some embodiments of the present application, the branch 2 comprises a rectifier 2, a switch 21, a capacitor 2 and a switch 22 connected in sequence, wherein the rectifier 2 is connected with the transformer 1, and the switch 22 is connected with the θ-pinch coil.

[0045] According to some embodiments of the present application, the branch 3 comprises a rectifier 3, a switch 31, a capacitor 3 and a switch 32 connected in sequence, wherein the rectifier 3 is connected with the transformer 1, and the switch 32 is connected with the θ-pinch coil.

[0046] According to some embodiments of the present application, the energy recovery component comprises a transformer 2, a capacitor 4 and a DCDC power source connected in sequence, the transformer 2 is connected with the discharge branch, and the DCDC power source is connected with the direct current source. This scheme utilizes the working principle of transformer, uses the transformer 2 to realize energy transmission and electrical isolation, converts the θ-pinch coil electric energy stored into the secondary side of the transformer 2, stores in the capacitor 4, avoids the interference of the primary side circuit of the transformer 2 to the secondary side circuit, and then recovers the energy to the direct current source through the conversion of the DCDC power source, thereby realizing the recovery of the θ-pinch coil electric energy.

[0047] Taking the branch 1 as an example, the output of the transformer 1 is rectified by the rectifier 1, and if the switch 11 is in the off state, the output of the transformer 1 cannot charge the capacitor 1; if the switch 11 is in the on state, the output of the transformer 1 can charge the capacitor 1.

[0048] When the capacitor 1 is fully charged, if the upper computer issues a command to start working, the switch 11 is first opened and then the switch 12 is closed, at this time the capacitor 1 releases the electric charge quickly, which is similar to a step voltage. In this circuit, there is a capacitor 1 and a θ-pinch coil (inductor), which is a typical second-order resonant circuit. Because the impedance in the circuit is very small, the current oscillation peak will be very high, and under ideal conditions, the current change slope di / dt is affected by the inductance of the θ-pinch coil. There is a mathematical formula:

[0049]

[0050] u c =i L ×R-u L

[0051]

[0052] Where C is the capacity of the capacitor; i C is the current of the capacitor; u c is the voltage of the capacitor; L is the inductance; u L is the voltage of the inductor; i L is the current of the θ-pinch coil inductor; R is the resistance in the circuit.

[0053] When the capacitor 1 of the branch 1 releases the electric charge, the energy is stored in the inductor. The energy and power stored in the inductor can be expressed by the following formula:

[0054]

[0055] P L =W L *f op

[0056] At this time, the switch 12 needs to be disconnected, and the switch of the discharge branch is closed, so that the energy of the inductor is discharged through the discharge branch, and the energy of the θ-pinch coil inductor is transmitted to the secondary side of the transformer 2 through the transformer 2, and stored in the capacitor 4. At this time, the energy and power of the capacitor 4 can be expressed by the following formula:

[0057]

[0058] P C =W C *f op

[0059] Where, f op is the working frequency of the device, W L is the energy stored in the inductor, P L is the power stored in the inductor, W C is the energy stored in the capacitor, P C is the power stored in the capacitor.

[0060] The mathematical formula of the energy transmission of the transformer 2 is as follows:

[0061]

[0062] Where, v1 is the input voltage of the primary side of the transformer; v2 is the output voltage of the secondary side of the transformer; n is the turns ratio of the primary and secondary sides of the transformer; I1 is the input current of the primary side of the transformer; I2 is the output current of the secondary side of the transformer.

[0063] Through the transformer 2, the energy stored in the coil can be transmitted to the capacitor 4 in the secondary side of the transformer 2, and the circuit isolation is realized.

[0064] The DCDC power supply takes the voltage of the capacitor 4, and sends the energy stored in the capacitor 4 back to the DC source through conversion, realizes energy recovery, reduces loss, improves system efficiency, and reduces the heat generation of the system. The working principle of branch 2 and branch 3 is similar to that of branch 1, except that the electrical parameters are different and the working time sequence is different.

[0065] According to some embodiments of the present application, the energy recovery assembly comprises a converter, a flywheel and a DCDC power supply, the converter is connected with the discharge branch, the flywheel motor and the DCDC power supply are both connected with the converter, and the DCDC power supply is connected with the direct current source. This scheme utilizes the flywheel energy storage principle, drives the flywheel to rotate through the converter to convert the θ-pinch coil electric energy, converts the electric energy into mechanical energy and stores in the flywheel device, then drives the motor through the rotation of the flywheel, converts the mechanical energy into electric energy, and finally converts the energy through the converter and the DCDC to recover to the direct current source, thereby realizing the recovery of the θ-pinch coil electric energy.

[0066] The flywheel energy storage converter is connected in series in the discharge branch, when the discharge branch starts to work, the energy released by the coil inductance is converted through the converter to drive the flywheel to rotate and convert the electric energy into mechanical energy. After the energy is stored in the mechanical structure of the flywheel, when the discharge branch finishes working, the flywheel starts to rotate and drives the motor to work, and converts the stored mechanical energy into electric energy. The DCDC power supply converts the electric energy obtained from the converter, and sends the converted energy back to the direct current source, thereby realizing energy recovery, reducing loss, improving system efficiency, and reducing the heat generation of the system.

[0067] The specific principle of flywheel energy recovery is as follows: when the discharge branch starts to work, the energy in the θ-pinch coil is discharged through the discharge branch, the current peak is very large, and the current can be used to drive the flywheel to work, the electric energy is converted through the converter to drive the motor to run, the motor drives the flywheel to accelerate rotation, and the flywheel stores the energy in the form of kinetic energy, thereby completing the storage energy process of electric energy to mechanical energy conversion, and the energy is stored in the high-speed rotating flywheel body.

[0068] When the energy is released, the flywheel releases mechanical energy, drags the motor to rotate and converts into electric energy, which is output through the converter, and is converted into appropriate voltage and current through the DCDC power supply and recovered to the direct current source, thereby completing the release energy process of mechanical energy to electric energy conversion.

[0069] The above specific embodiments further specifically describe the purpose, technical scheme and beneficial effects of the present application, and it should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present application, and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present application, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A nuclear fusion field-reversed configuration power system with coil energy recovery, characterized by, The energy recovery assembly comprises a transformer two, a capacitor and a DCDC power source connected in sequence, the transformer two is connected with the discharge branch, and the DCDC power source is connected with the direct current source.

2. The nuclear fusion field-reversed configuration power system with coil energy recovery of claim 1, wherein, The energy recovery assembly is a flywheel energy storage structure, and the flywheel energy storage structure connects the discharge branch and the direct current source.

3. The nuclear fusion field-reversed configuration power system with coil energy recovery of claim 1, wherein, The energy recovery assembly comprises a converter, a flywheel and a DCDC power source, the converter is connected with the discharge branch, the motor connected with the flywheel and the DCDC power source are connected with the converter, and the DCDC power source is connected with the direct current source.

4. The nuclear fusion field-reversed configuration power system with coil energy recovery of claim 3, wherein, The field reversal branch comprises a rectifier, a switch one, a capacitor and a switch two connected in sequence, wherein the rectifier is connected with the transformer one, and the switch two is connected with the theta-pinch coil.

5. The nuclear fusion field-reversed configuration power system with coil energy recovery of claim 1, wherein, The pre-ionization branch comprises a rectifier, a switch one, a capacitor and a switch two connected in sequence, wherein the rectifier is connected with the transformer one, and the switch two is connected with the theta-pinch coil.

6. The nuclear fusion field-reversed configuration power system with coil energy recovery of claim 1, wherein, The bias branch comprises a rectifier, a switch one, a capacitor and a switch two connected in sequence, wherein the rectifier is connected with the transformer one, and the switch two is connected with the theta-pinch coil.

7. The nuclear fusion field-reversed configuration power system with coil energy recovery of claim 1, wherein, The converter comprises an inverter.

8. The nuclear fusion field-reversed configuration power system with coil energy recovery of claim 1, wherein, The inverter is a single-phase bridge arm or a three-phase bridge arm.

9. The nuclear fusion field-reversed configuration power system with coil energy recovery of claim 8, wherein, The converter comprises a direct current pulse power source.

10. The nuclear fusion field-reversed configuration power system with coil energy recovery of claim 1, wherein, ​

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