Working circuit of super capacitor and super capacitor device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a working circuit of a super-capacitor and a super-capacitor device, and relates to the field of circuits, a power supply charges a super-capacitor module through a current limiting module, and the current limiting module limits the charging speed of the super-capacitor module so as to avoid the influence of too fast internal temperature rise on the service life of the super-capacitor module; meanwhile, in the working process of the super-capacitor module, the thermoelectric cooling module can determine the surface temperature of the super-capacitor module in real time, the surface temperature of the super-capacitor module is accurately controlled through the refrigeration process, and the influence of high temperature on the service life of the super-capacitor is avoided. When the surface temperature of the super-capacitor module exceeds a set temperature value, the thermoelectric cooling module can enhance the refrigeration effect to reduce the surface temperature of the super-capacitor, thereby reducing the working temperature of the super-capacitor module, prolonging the service life of the super-capacitor, ensuring the normal working process of the super-capacitor, and improving the service life of the super-capacitor. And the service life and the reliability of the whole control cabinet system can be indirectly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of circuits, and in particular to a working circuit and a supercapacitor device. Background Technology

[0002] Supercapacitors are increasingly used due to their superior performance, including high energy density, long lifespan, extremely long charge-discharge cycle life, and high energy density. However, high temperatures significantly affect the lifespan of supercapacitors. Generally, it is estimated that for every 10°C increase in temperature, the lifespan of a supercapacitor is halved. At 25°C, the theoretical lifespan of a supercapacitor is 10 years, but at 55°C, this theoretical lifespan is reduced to 1.25 years. Furthermore, supercapacitors are typically used in control cabinets or electrical cabinets, where the high temperatures within the enclosed environment are even more severe. Control cabinets also contain other high-power modules, significantly increasing the internal temperature during operation. Especially in summer, the high ambient temperature and the substantial heat dissipation from the numerous high-power modules further exacerbate the already harsh environment, drastically shortening the supercapacitor's lifespan. Therefore, in practical applications, supercapacitors may experience a lifespan significantly shorter than their theoretical lifespan, and in severe cases, this can lead to casing cracking, leakage, and other problems, affecting the normal operation of the entire control cabinet system. Therefore, how to avoid the impact of high temperature on the lifespan of supercapacitors and ensure their normal operation is an urgent technical problem that needs to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a working circuit and device for a supercapacitor. The current limiting module limits the charging speed of the supercapacitor module, thereby preventing excessive internal temperature rise from affecting its lifespan. At the same time, when the surface temperature of the supercapacitor module exceeds the set temperature value, the thermoelectric cooling module enhances the cooling effect to reduce the surface temperature of the supercapacitor, thereby reducing the operating temperature of the supercapacitor module and improving its lifespan. This ensures the normal operation of the supercapacitor and can also indirectly improve the lifespan and reliability of the entire control cabinet system.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a working circuit for a supercapacitor, comprising:

[0005] Supercapacitor modules are used to store energy;

[0006] The current limiting module has its input end connected to the power supply and its output end connected to the input end of the supercapacitor module. It is used to charge the supercapacitor module using the power supply and to limit the charging current.

[0007] A thermoelectric cooling module is disposed on the surface of the supercapacitor module and is used to cool the supercapacitor module according to the temperature of the surface of the supercapacitor module.

[0008] Optionally, the supercapacitor module includes a plurality of supercapacitors connected in series;

[0009] The operating circuit of the supercapacitor also includes:

[0010] An equalization circuit, connected in parallel with the supercapacitor module, is used to equalize the voltage across each supercapacitor in the supercapacitor module.

[0011] Optionally, the equalization circuit includes:

[0012] A plurality of equalizing resistors corresponding one-to-one with the supercapacitors are connected in parallel with the corresponding supercapacitors.

[0013] Optionally, the current limiting module is a current limiting resistor, with its first end connected to the power supply and its second end connected to the input terminal of the supercapacitor module.

[0014] Optionally, the thermoelectric cooling module includes:

[0015] A cooler is disposed on the surface of the supercapacitor module;

[0016] A temperature detection module, with its input end connected to the supercapacitor module, is used to detect the operating temperature of the supercapacitor module.

[0017] The constant current source module has its output terminal connected to the negative power supply terminal of the cooler.

[0018] The positive power supply terminal of the cooler is connected to the power supply.

[0019] The processor has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the temperature detection module and its output terminal connected to the input terminal of the constant current source module, and is used to adjust the output current of the constant current source module according to the operating temperature of the supercapacitor module.

[0020] Optionally, the constant current source module includes:

[0021] The control switch has a grounded first terminal and a second terminal connected to the power supply terminal of the cooler.

[0022] The driving circuit has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the processor and its output terminal connected to the control terminal of the control switch, and is used to adjust the conduction degree of the control switch based on the control of the processor.

[0023] Optionally, the constant current source module further includes:

[0024] The feedback resistor has its first end grounded and its second end connected to both the first end of the control switch and the input end of the drive circuit.

[0025] Optionally, the driving circuit includes:

[0026] A digital-to-analog converter, the input of which is connected to the output of the processor;

[0027] The operational amplifier has its first input terminal connected to the output terminal of the digital-to-analog converter, and its second input terminal connected to its own output terminal, the second terminal of the feedback resistor, and the first terminal of the control switch.

[0028] Optionally, the cooler is a semiconductor cooler, and the thermoelectric cooling module further includes:

[0029] A heat dissipation module is disposed at the hot end of the semiconductor cooler and is used to cool the hot end of the semiconductor cooler.

[0030] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model also provides a supercapacitor device, including a housing and the supercapacitor operating circuit as described above.

[0031] This invention provides a working circuit for a supercapacitor, including a supercapacitor module, a current-limiting module, and a thermoelectric cooling module. The power supply charges the supercapacitor module through the current-limiting module, which restricts the charging speed to prevent excessive internal temperature rise and its impact on lifespan. Simultaneously, during operation, the thermoelectric cooling module continuously monitors the surface temperature of the supercapacitor module and precisely controls it through a cooling process, preventing high temperatures from affecting the supercapacitor's lifespan. When the surface temperature exceeds a set value, the thermoelectric cooling module intensifies its cooling effect to lower the surface temperature, thereby reducing the module's operating temperature and extending the supercapacitor's lifespan. This ensures the supercapacitor's normal operation and indirectly improves the lifespan and reliability of the entire control cabinet system.

[0032] This invention also provides a supercapacitor device that has the same beneficial effects as the supercapacitor's operating circuit described above. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the prior art and embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the working circuit of a supercapacitor provided by this utility model;

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the working circuit of another supercapacitor provided by this utility model;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an equalization circuit provided by this utility model;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thermoelectric cooling module provided by this utility model;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a constant current source module provided by this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The core of this invention is to provide a working circuit and a supercapacitor device. The current limiting module limits the charging speed of the supercapacitor module, thereby preventing excessive internal temperature rise from affecting its lifespan. At the same time, when the surface temperature of the supercapacitor module exceeds the set temperature value, the thermoelectric cooling module enhances the cooling effect to reduce the surface temperature of the supercapacitor, thereby reducing the operating temperature of the supercapacitor module and improving the lifespan of the supercapacitor. This ensures the normal operation of the supercapacitor and can also indirectly improve the lifespan and reliability of the entire control cabinet system.

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0041] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This utility model provides a schematic diagram of the working circuit of a supercapacitor; to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a working circuit of a supercapacitor, including:

[0042] Supercapacitor module 1, used for energy storage;

[0043] The current limiting module 2 has its input end connected to the power supply and its output end connected to the input end of the supercapacitor module 1. It is used to charge the supercapacitor module 1 using the power supply and to limit the charging current.

[0044] Thermoelectric cooling module 3 is disposed on the surface of supercapacitor module 1 and is used to cool the surface of supercapacitor module 1 according to the temperature of the surface.

[0045] It is easy to understand that, to avoid the impact of the supercapacitor's operating temperature on its lifespan, this embodiment controls the supercapacitor's operating temperature from two perspectives. Firstly, the current-limiting module 2 is connected in series with the supercapacitor module 1, primarily limiting the charging speed of the series-connected supercapacitor. This prevents a large surge current at startup from causing damage to the supercapacitor and other components in the circuit, and by reducing the charging speed, it prevents excessive internal temperature rise, thus limiting the impact of rapid temperature rise on the supercapacitor's lifespan. Secondly, the thermoelectric cooling module 3 can extend the supercapacitor's lifespan by lowering its operating temperature. The thermoelectric cooling module 3 is located on the surface of the supercapacitor module 1 and can detect the surface temperature of the supercapacitor module 1 in real time. Based on the temperature detection results, it performs different cooling processes to effectively reduce the surface temperature of the supercapacitor module 1, thereby lowering the supercapacitor's operating temperature.

[0046] It is understood that this application does not impose any particular limitations on the specific types and implementation methods of the supercapacitor module 1, the current limiting module 2, and the thermoelectric cooling module 3. The supercapacitor module 1 can be implemented using a single supercapacitor or a combination of multiple supercapacitors; the current limiting module 2 can be implemented using resistive devices, etc. This application does not impose any particular limitations on the specific location and installation method of the thermoelectric cooling module 3. It can be installed at a location where the supercapacitor module 1 experiences severe heat generation during operation, and can be installed using methods such as adhesive bonding. The supercapacitor module 1 can not only be used to store energy, but also to discharge its stored energy to achieve DC power supply. For example, the supercapacitor can be used as a backup power source.

[0047] It should be noted that the thermoelectric cooling module 3 can be made using the Peltier principle. When charge carriers move in a conductor to form an electric current, since charge carriers occupy different energy levels in different materials, excess heat is released when the charge carriers move from a higher energy level to a lower energy level. Conversely, heat needs to be absorbed from the outside, which manifests as cooling, thus achieving a cooling effect. Thermoelectric cooling can achieve precise temperature control, fast response speed, strong heat dissipation capability, low noise, small footprint, and low power consumption, effectively cooling components to below ambient temperature. The specific cooling principle of the thermoelectric cooling module 3 is not limited to the Peltier principle proposed in this application; it can also be achieved through other methods, as long as it can reduce the temperature. This application does not impose any particular limitations on this.

[0048] It is easy to understand that this application innovatively combines a supercapacitor with a thermoelectric cooling module 3, which solves the lifespan problem of the supercapacitor in a sealed high-temperature environment. Furthermore, since the heat dissipation power of the thermoelectric cooling module 3 is adjustable, its cooling effect is also adjustable. Therefore, the surface temperature of the supercapacitor can be adjusted, enabling the supercapacitor to always operate in a suitable temperature environment, significantly improving the lifespan of the supercapacitor and enhancing the reliability of the entire device.

[0049] This invention provides a working circuit for a supercapacitor, including a supercapacitor module 1, a current-limiting module 2, and a thermoelectric cooling module 3. The power supply charges the supercapacitor module 1 through the current-limiting module 2, which limits the charging speed to prevent excessive internal temperature rise and its impact on lifespan. Simultaneously, during operation, the thermoelectric cooling module 3 continuously monitors the surface temperature of the supercapacitor module 1 and precisely controls it through a cooling process, preventing high temperatures from affecting the supercapacitor's lifespan. When the surface temperature of the supercapacitor module 1 exceeds a set value, the thermoelectric cooling module 3 enhances the cooling effect to lower the surface temperature, thereby reducing the operating temperature of the supercapacitor module 1 and extending its lifespan. This ensures the normal operation of the supercapacitor and indirectly improves the lifespan and reliability of the entire control cabinet system.

[0050] Based on the above embodiments;

[0051] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the working circuit of another supercapacitor provided by this utility model; as an optional embodiment, the supercapacitor module 1 includes a plurality of supercapacitors C0 connected in series;

[0052] The working circuit of a supercapacitor also includes:

[0053] The equalization circuit 4 is connected in parallel across the two ends of the supercapacitor module 1 to equalize the voltage across each supercapacitor C0 in the supercapacitor module 1.

[0054] It is understandable that, due to the relatively low voltage withstand value of individual supercapacitors, multiple supercapacitors are generally connected in series in practical applications to increase their voltage withstand capability. Therefore, a supercapacitor module 1 typically includes several supercapacitors C0 connected in series. However, because supercapacitors have large capacitance values ​​and poor consistency among them, without any intervention, performance differences between components can lead to overvoltage damage in some individuals. Therefore, in addition to operating temperature, voltage inconsistencies among multiple supercapacitors also affect their lifespan and normal operation. To protect the supercapacitors, voltage equalization protection is implemented during practical use. Therefore, an equalization circuit 4 can be added to the working circuit to control the voltage across each supercapacitor C0 in the supercapacitor module 1. This application does not impose any specific limitations on the number and arrangement of supercapacitors C0 in the supercapacitor module 1; these can be set and adjusted according to actual application requirements. There are also various options for the specific type and implementation of the equalization circuit 4, which this application does not specifically limit.

[0055] Specifically, the supercapacitor operating circuit provided in this embodiment includes a supercapacitor charging circuit implemented by a current limiting module 2, an equalization circuit 4, and a thermoelectric cooling module 3. The current limiting module 2 and the equalization circuit 4 improve the lifespan of the supercapacitor by optimizing the design of the supercapacitor operating circuit, which is simple and effective.

[0056] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an equalization circuit provided by this utility model; as an optional embodiment, the equalization circuit 4 includes:

[0057] Several equalizing resistors R0 are connected in parallel with the corresponding supercapacitor C0, each corresponding to a supercapacitor C0.

[0058] It is easy to understand that, considering that the supercapacitor module 1 is generally installed in a control cabinet, the equalization circuit 4 adopts a passive equalization method to provide voltage equalization protection for the supercapacitor. The main implementation of passive equalization is to use an equalization resistor R0 connected in parallel with the supercapacitor to divide the voltage. By adding the equalization resistor R0, current is allowed to flow from the capacitor with higher voltage to the capacitor with lower voltage, providing a current path and thus achieving voltage balance. Therefore, the selection of the resistance value of the equalization resistor R0 is very important. The resistance value of the equalization resistor R0 is related to the leakage current of the supercapacitor itself, and usually the current allowed by the equalization resistor R0 should be greater than the expected leakage current of the supercapacitor. The specific number and resistance value of the equalization resistor R0 can be selected and adjusted according to the specific situation of the supercapacitor in the actual application, and this application does not impose any special limitations here.

[0059] It should be noted that the leakage current of supercapacitors typically increases with rising operating temperature. Therefore, when selecting the value of the balancing resistor R0, the current in R0 should generally be more than five times the leakage current of the supercapacitor to achieve better voltage balancing. For each supercapacitor, a suitable balancing resistor R0 needs to be selected and connected in parallel. The leakage current of a supercapacitor can be estimated based on its inherent characteristics. Generally, the leakage current is not a constant value. The rated value of the leakage current at 20 degrees Celsius and rated voltage can be determined through product parameters. In practical applications, its value is related to time, temperature, and voltage; therefore, the leakage current needs to be estimated using the formula: leakage current I ≤ KCU or 3µA (whichever is greater). Where K is the leakage current constant of the supercapacitor, ranging from 0.01 to 0.03. The leakage current constant varies between different manufacturers; in cases of uncertainty, a larger value can be used. C is the nominal capacitance of the supercapacitor (in µF); U is the rated voltage of the supercapacitor (in V); and the leakage current I is in µA. After estimating the leakage current of the supercapacitor, it can be estimated based on the assumption that the current passing through the balancing resistor R0 is 5 times the leakage current.

[0060] Specifically, the voltage equalization process in the supercapacitor module 1 can be achieved by setting equalization resistors R0 corresponding to each supercapacitor. The entire circuit structure is simple and easy to implement. The equalization resistor R0 itself can be achieved by surface mount resistors, which has significant advantages in terms of mounting area and cost, and can effectively reduce the cost and size of the entire working circuit.

[0061] As an optional embodiment, the current limiting module 2 is a current limiting resistor, with its first end connected to the power supply and its second end connected to the input terminal of the supercapacitor module 1.

[0062] It is easy to understand that the current limiting module 2 can specifically limit the charging rate and charging current of the supercapacitor through a current-limiting resistor. The resistor is connected in series in the circuit and can limit the current in its branch to prevent excessive current from burning out the components connected in series. There are various ways to implement the current-limiting resistor, including its specific type, resistance value, and implementation method. This application does not impose any particular restrictions here; the resistance value can be selected based on the specific charging current of the supercapacitor module 1 and the temperature rise of the supercapacitor in the actual application.

[0063] Specifically, the current limiting resistor can effectively realize the function of the current limiting module 2. The circuit structure is simple and easy to implement. The components used are low in cost and small in size, which is conducive to the simple implementation of the entire working circuit.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a thermoelectric cooling module provided by this utility model; as an optional embodiment, the thermoelectric cooling module 3 includes:

[0065] Cooler 11 is disposed on the surface of supercapacitor module 1;

[0066] Temperature detection module 12, with its input terminal connected to supercapacitor module 1, is used to detect the operating temperature of supercapacitor module 1.

[0067] The constant current source module 13 has its output terminal connected to the power supply terminal of the cooler 11;

[0068] The processor MCU has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the temperature detection module 12 and its output terminal connected to the input terminal of the constant current source module 13, and is used to adjust the output current of the constant current source module 13 according to the operating temperature of the supercapacitor module 1.

[0069] It is easy to understand that the thermoelectric cooling module 3 specifically includes a cooler 11, an adjustable constant current source module 13, a temperature detection module 12, and a processor MCU. The adjustable constant current source module 13 supplies power to the cooler 11. The cooling capacity of the cooler 11 is related to the current flowing through it; the higher the current, the better the cooling effect. Therefore, the adjustable constant current source module 13 can output different supply currents to the cooler 11, thereby precisely controlling the cooling effect of the cooler 11. The temperature detection module 12 is used to detect the operating temperature or surface temperature of the supercapacitor module 1 in real time. The detection results of the temperature detection module 12 are transmitted to the processor MCU in real time. The processor MCU reads the temperature data from the temperature detection module 12 and adjusts the flow capacity of the constant current source based on the temperature data. When the operating temperature of the supercapacitor module 1 rises, the processor MCU controls the output current of the constant current source to increase based on the read temperature data, thereby improving the cooling effect of the cooler 11; when the operating temperature of the supercapacitor module 1 decreases, the output current of the constant current source can be reduced, thereby reducing the cooling effect of the cooler 11.

[0070] It should be noted that this application does not impose any special limitations on the specific types and implementation methods of the cooler 11, temperature detection module 12, constant current source module 13, and processor MCU. The cooler 11 can be implemented using a TEC (thermal energy storage device). When the cooler 11 is implemented using a TEC, the temperature detection module 12 can be located at the cold end of the TEC, and the operating temperature of the supercapacitor module 1 can be indirectly detected by detecting the temperature of the cold end of the TEC. The temperature detection module 12 can be implemented using a temperature sensor or other means. The processor MCU can be implemented using a microcontroller, control chip, or other means. The constant current source module 13 can be built using discrete components or designed using a specific controllable constant current source chip. The temperature detection module 12, constant current source module 13, processor MCU, and cooler 11 constitute a temperature feedback system for the operating temperature of the supercapacitor, which can accurately regulate the cooling capacity of the TEC in real time, thereby enabling the supercapacitor to operate at the most suitable temperature.

[0071] Specifically, the thermoelectric cooling module 3 can precisely control the surface temperature of the supercapacitor through the cooperation of an adjustable constant current source and a temperature detection module 12. When the surface temperature of the supercapacitor exceeds the set temperature value, the processor MCU controls the constant current source to increase the power of the cooler 11, thereby enhancing its cooling effect and reducing the surface temperature of the supercapacitor. By designing a supercapacitor surface temperature regulation system with a feedback loop, the surface temperature of the supercapacitor can be precisely controlled, ensuring that the supercapacitor operates at a suitable temperature environment, thereby improving the lifespan of the supercapacitor and indirectly improving the lifespan and reliability of the entire control cabinet system.

[0072] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a constant current source module provided by this utility model. As an optional embodiment, the constant current source module 13 includes:

[0073] Control switch Q1 has its first terminal grounded and its second terminal connected to the negative power supply terminal of the cooler 11;

[0074] The positive power supply terminal of the cooler 11 is connected to the power supply.

[0075] The driver circuit has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the processor MCU and its output terminal connected to the control terminal of the control switch Q1. It is used to adjust the conduction level of the control switch Q1 based on the control of the processor MCU.

[0076] It is easy to understand that the adjustable constant current source module 13 specifically includes a controllable control switch Q1 and a drive circuit for the control switch Q1. The drive circuit can output different drive voltages according to the different processing results of the temperature detection module 12 by the processor MCU, thereby making the control switch Q1 operate at different conduction levels. The power supply, the cooler 11, and the grounded control switch Q1 constitute the power supply circuit for the cooler 11. When the conduction level of the control switch Q1 is different, the current in the power supply circuit will also change accordingly, thereby realizing the power regulation of the cooler 11 and achieving different cooling effects. This application does not make any special restrictions on the specific type and implementation method of the control switch Q1 and the drive circuit. The control switch Q1 can be implemented using adjustable switching devices such as MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors).

[0077] Specifically, the adjustable constant current source module 13 can be effectively realized by the control switch Q1 with adjustable conduction degree and its driving circuit. The control switch Q1 is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the cooler 11. The power supply current of the cooler 11 is controlled by the change of its own conduction degree. The circuit structure is simple and easy to implement. The components used are low cost and small size, which is conducive to the simple implementation of the entire working circuit.

[0078] As an optional embodiment, the constant current source module 13 further includes:

[0079] The feedback resistor R1 has its first end grounded and its second end connected to the first end of the control switch Q1 and the input end of the drive circuit, respectively.

[0080] It is easy to understand that, in order to further improve the accuracy and reliability of the control process of the drive circuit to control switch Q1, a feedback resistor R1 can be added between the first terminal of control switch Q1 and ground. The drive circuit can determine whether its control process of control switch Q1 is accurate and effective based on the voltage across the feedback resistor R1 or the current flowing through the feedback circuit. At the same time, the feedback resistor R1 can also avoid the direct grounding of the first terminal of control switch Q1, further protecting the circuit. This application does not make any special restrictions on the specific type and implementation method of the feedback resistor R1.

[0081] Specifically, a feedback resistor R1 can be added to the constant current source module 13 to improve the accuracy and reliability of the control process of the drive circuit to control the control switch Q1, ensuring that the drive circuit can output an accurate and controllable power supply current to the cooler 11. At the same time, the feedback resistor R1 can also further protect the circuit and ensure the normal operation of the constant current source module 13.

[0082] As an optional embodiment, the driving circuit includes:

[0083] The digital-to-analog converter (DAC) has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the processor MCU.

[0084] The operational amplifier OP has its first input terminal connected to the output terminal of the digital-to-analog converter DAC, and its second input terminal connected to its own output terminal, the second terminal of the feedback resistor R1, and the first terminal of the control switch Q1.

[0085] It is easy to understand that the driving circuit specifically includes a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and an operational amplifier (OP). The DAC and the MCU work together to regulate the constant current source module 13. When the temperature of the supercapacitor rises or falls, the temperature detection module 12 feeds back the temperature data to the MCU. The MCU outputs a corresponding control signal for the constant current source module 13. The MCU outputs the control signal to the DAC through the protocol interface between the MCU and the DAC. The DAC converts the signal into a voltage signal and outputs it to the positive input of the OP. The OP then drives the control switch Q1 to turn on, thereby controlling the output current of the constant current source module 13 to increase or decrease. When the current flowing through the cooler 11 increases, the current flowing through the feedback resistor R1 also increases, and the voltage across the feedback resistor R1 increases. This voltage is fed back to the negative input of the OP, forming a feedback control loop with the OP to control the switch Q1, thus allowing the constant current source module 13 to reach a balance.

[0086] It should be noted that, considering the relatively large voltage required to control switch Q1, an operational amplifier (OP) is incorporated into the driver circuit to enhance the driving capability of the voltage signal converted by the analog-to-digital converter (ADC), thus providing voltage gain and ensuring that the final output drive voltage accurately and effectively controls the operation of ADC Q1. This application does not impose specific limitations on the specific types and implementation methods of the ADC and OP. To reduce power consumption, board area, and subsequent debugging, the ADC and OP can be designed using dedicated controllable constant current source chips. The processor MCU and ADC can directly and precisely control the output current via SPI (serial peripheral interface) protocol, which offers control accuracy of less than 1mA and superior performance.

[0087] Specifically, the output signal of the processor MCU can be converted into a voltage that can drive the control switch Q1 by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). At the same time, the operational amplifier (OP) is used to improve the driving capability of the voltage. Finally, the driving voltage is output to control the operation of the control switch Q1, thereby effectively realizing the function of the driving circuit. The circuit structure is simple and easy to implement. The components used are low-cost and small in size, which is conducive to the simple implementation of the entire working circuit.

[0088] As an optional embodiment, the cooler 11 is a semiconductor cooler, and the thermoelectric cooling module 3 further includes:

[0089] The heat dissipation module 14 is located at the hot end of the semiconductor cooler and is used to cool the hot end of the semiconductor cooler.

[0090] It should be noted that the TEC is a semiconductor cooling device made using the Peltier principle. When a direct current passes through the thermocouple composed of two semiconductor materials in the TEC, one end absorbs heat and the other end releases heat. The end that absorbs heat is the cold end. The cold end is attached to the surface of the supercapacitor, which lowers the surface temperature of the supercapacitor, thereby reducing the ambient temperature within the local area of ​​the supercapacitor. The end that releases heat is the hot end, which has a relatively high temperature during operation. Therefore, a heat dissipation module 14 can be added to the hot end of the semiconductor cooler to cool it down. When heat is conducted from the cold end of the TEC, the heat dissipation module 14 can cool the hot end of the TEC, ensuring that the heat is dissipated in a timely manner and ensuring the cooling effect of the TEC. This application does not specifically limit the specific type and implementation method of the heat dissipation module 14. It can be implemented using heat dissipation devices such as fans. There are various options for the specific placement of the heat dissipation module 14; it can be directly attached to the hot end of the TEC, or it can be implemented in other ways. This application does not make any specific limitations here.

[0091] Specifically, in order to ensure the cooling effect of the thermoelectric cooler, a heat dissipation module 14 can be added to its hot end to ensure the cooling effect of the TEC, thereby ensuring that the operating temperature of the supercapacitor can always be kept at a suitable temperature and effectively improving the working life of the supercapacitor.

[0092] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model also provides a supercapacitor device, including a housing and the supercapacitor operating circuit as described above.

[0093] It should be noted that the working circuit of a supercapacitor can be distinguished from other circuit modules by setting up a casing. This application does not make any special restrictions on the specific type and implementation method of the casing. In practical applications, the supercapacitor device can be soldered onto the PCB (Printed Circuit Board) of the equipment or control cabinet to realize its energy storage or backup power function. This application does not make any special restrictions on the specific application scenarios and application methods of the supercapacitor device.

[0094] For a description of the supercapacitor device provided by this utility model, please refer to the above-described embodiment of the working circuit of the supercapacitor; this utility model will not be described again here.

[0095] The various embodiments described in this specification are presented in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. It should also be noted that in this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0096] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A working circuit for a supercapacitor, characterized in that, include: Supercapacitor modules are used to store energy; The current limiting module has its input end connected to the power supply and its output end connected to the input end of the supercapacitor module. It is used to charge the supercapacitor module using the power supply and to limit the charging current. A thermoelectric cooling module is disposed on the surface of the supercapacitor module and is used to cool the supercapacitor module according to the temperature of the surface of the supercapacitor module.

2. The operating circuit of the supercapacitor as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The supercapacitor module includes several supercapacitors connected in series; The operating circuit of the supercapacitor also includes: An equalization circuit, connected in parallel with the supercapacitor module, is used to equalize the voltage across each supercapacitor in the supercapacitor module.

3. The operating circuit of the supercapacitor as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The equalization circuit includes: A plurality of equalizing resistors corresponding one-to-one with the supercapacitors are connected in parallel with the corresponding supercapacitors.

4. The operating circuit of the supercapacitor as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The current limiting module is a current limiting resistor. The first end of the current limiting resistor is connected to the power supply, and the second end is connected to the input end of the supercapacitor module.

5. The operating circuit of the supercapacitor as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The thermoelectric cooling module includes: A cooler is disposed on the surface of the supercapacitor module; A temperature detection module, with its input end connected to the supercapacitor module, is used to detect the operating temperature of the supercapacitor module. The constant current source module has its output terminal connected to the power supply terminal of the cooler. The processor has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the temperature detection module and its output terminal connected to the input terminal of the constant current source module, and is used to adjust the output current of the constant current source module according to the operating temperature of the supercapacitor module.

6. The operating circuit of the supercapacitor as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The constant current source module includes: The control switch has a grounded first terminal and a second terminal connected to the negative power supply terminal of the cooler. The positive power supply terminal of the cooler is connected to the power supply. The driving circuit has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the processor and its output terminal connected to the control terminal of the control switch, and is used to adjust the conduction degree of the control switch based on the control of the processor.

7. The operating circuit of the supercapacitor as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The constant current source module also includes: The feedback resistor has its first end grounded and its second end connected to both the first end of the control switch and the input end of the drive circuit.

8. The operating circuit of the supercapacitor as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The driving circuit includes: A digital-to-analog converter, the input of which is connected to the output of the processor; The operational amplifier has its first input terminal connected to the output terminal of the digital-to-analog converter, and its second input terminal connected to its own output terminal, the second terminal of the feedback resistor, and the first terminal of the control switch.

9. The operating circuit of the supercapacitor as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The cooler is a semiconductor cooler, and the thermoelectric cooling module further includes: A heat dissipation module is disposed at the hot end of the semiconductor cooler and is used to cool the hot end of the semiconductor cooler.

10. A supercapacitor device, characterized in that, It includes a housing and the operating circuitry of the supercapacitor as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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