Fireproof and heat-insulation composite structure of cylindrical battery and battery system
By setting an expansion flame-retardant layer and a heat-insulating support layer on the outside of the cylindrical battery, the problem of thermal diffusion and compression caused by the increase in battery volume after thermal runaway is solved, and the battery temperature is maintained at a reasonable level, which is suitable for electric vehicle battery systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422901043.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-11
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-11-26
AI Technical Summary
After thermal runaway, cylindrical batteries increase in volume, leading to significant heat diffusion, which in turn compresses surrounding batteries and makes it difficult to maintain a reasonable operating temperature in cold regions.
The composite structure of the inflatable flame retardant layer and the heat insulation support layer is adopted. The inflatable flame retardant layer includes a base layer and an inflatable layer. The base layer is a fiber fabric mesh structure coated with flame retardant. The inflatable layer is a porous foam coke layer. The heat insulation support layer is a hollow high-temperature resistant material used to cover the outside of the battery.
It prevents increased heat transfer at the battery contact surface during thermal runaway, buffers compression, maintains a reasonable battery temperature, and prevents the spread of thermal runaway. It is suitable for electric vehicle battery systems.
Smart Images
Figure CN223539725U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of battery system technology, and specifically relates to a fireproof and heat-insulating composite structure for cylindrical batteries and a battery system thereof. Background Technology
[0002] As the electric vehicle market expands and the demand for longer driving ranges increases, electric vehicles place higher demands on battery systems in terms of energy density, manufacturing cost, cycle life, and added product attributes. Without significant breakthroughs in raw materials, increasing the volume of cylindrical batteries to achieve greater capacity is an option. However, larger volumetric energy densities often lead to thermal runaway and swelling, which not only compresses surrounding batteries but also increases the contact area, resulting in more pronounced thermal diffusion after runaway. Utility Model Content
[0003] To address the above problems, this utility model provides a fireproof and heat-insulating composite structure and battery system for cylindrical batteries, employing the following technical solution:
[0004] A fireproof and heat-insulating composite structure for a cylindrical battery includes an inflatable flame-retardant layer and a heat-insulating support layer; wherein the inflatable flame-retardant layer is sleeved on the outer side of the cylindrical battery body, and the heat-insulating support layer covers the outer side of the inflatable flame-retardant layer.
[0005] Furthermore, the intumescent flame-retardant layer includes a base layer and an intumescent layer. The base layer is sleeved on the outside of the cylindrical battery body, and the intumescent layer is laid on the base layer, located between the base layer and the heat-insulating support layer.
[0006] Furthermore, the base layer has a cylindrical hollow structure.
[0007] Furthermore, the base layer is a fibrous fabric mesh structure.
[0008] Furthermore, the base layer is coated with a flame retardant.
[0009] Furthermore, the expansion layer is a porous foamed coke layer.
[0010] Furthermore, the heat insulation support layer has a cylindrical hollow structure.
[0011] Furthermore, the heat insulation support layer is made of heat insulation material.
[0012] This utility model also provides a battery, including the aforementioned heat-insulating composite structure and a cylindrical battery body, wherein the expansion flame-retardant layer is sleeved on the outside of the battery body.
[0013] This utility model also provides a battery system, including a plurality of the aforementioned batteries, wherein the plurality of batteries are connected in series or in parallel.
[0014] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0015] The expandable flame-retardant layer in the thermal insulation composite structure of this invention can prevent the increased heat transfer caused by the increased contact area between the battery cells after thermal runaway. The expandable flame-retardant layer can expand and buffer the compression between the batteries after thermal runaway, preventing compression-induced thermal runaway. The thermal insulation support layer can effectively maintain the battery's reasonable operating temperature in cold regions.
[0016] Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objectives and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained through the structures pointed out in the description and the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description
[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the installation of a fireproof and heat-insulating composite structure for a cylindrical battery and the battery body according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided.
[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the installation of the intumescent flame-retardant layer and the heat-insulating support layer according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;
[0020] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
[0021] In the diagram: 1. Battery body; 2. Expanding flame retardant layer; 3. Heat insulation support layer; 4. Base layer; 5. Expanding layer; 6. Battery; 7. Substrate. Detailed Implementation
[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.
[0023] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of this application described herein. In this application, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "middle," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," "longitudinal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings.
[0024] This utility model provides a fireproof and heat-insulating composite structure for cylindrical batteries. When the cylindrical battery experiences thermal runaway, it prevents the bulging battery from squeezing the surrounding batteries and prevents heat from being transferred to the surrounding batteries, thus comprehensively preventing thermal runaway caused by direct squeezing and heating of the surrounding battery body.
[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, a fireproof and heat-insulating composite structure for a cylindrical battery includes an inflatable flame-retardant layer 2 and a heat-insulating support layer 3. The inflatable flame-retardant layer 2 is sleeved on the outer side of the cylindrical battery body 1, and the heat-insulating support layer 3 covers the outer side of the inflatable flame-retardant layer 2.
[0026] Under normal operating conditions, when the thermal runaway temperature of the cylindrical battery body 1 rises to the temperature at which the expansion flame retardant layer 2 produces a chemical reaction, on the one hand, the flame retardant expands, increasing the gap between the battery bodies 1 and also playing a role in buffering the expansion; on the other hand, the heat insulation support layer 3 provides heat insulation and effectively prevents the thermal spread of the battery 6 after thermal runaway.
[0027] like Figure 2 As shown, for example, the intumescent flame retardant layer 2 includes a base layer 4 and an expansion layer 5. The base layer 4 is a cylindrical hollow structure and is sleeved on the outside of the cylindrical battery body 1. The expansion layer 5 is laid on the base layer 4 and is located between the base layer 4 and the heat insulation support layer 3.
[0028] For example, the base layer 4 is a fibrous fabric mesh structure, coated with a finishing liquid formulated with flame retardant; the expansion layer 5 is a porous foam coke layer, which is a multiphase system containing solid, liquid, and gaseous products. The flame-retardant properties of the char layer are mainly reflected in: making it difficult for heat to penetrate the condensed phase, preventing oxygen from entering the combustion zone, and preventing the gaseous or liquid products generated by degradation from overflowing from the material surface.
[0029] The formation process of the porous foamed coke layer is as follows: at around 150℃, the acid source generates an acid that can esterify polyols and act as a dehydrating agent; at a slightly higher temperature, the acid and carbon source undergo an esterification reaction, while the amine groups in the system act as catalysts for the esterification reaction, accelerating the reaction; the system melts before and during the esterification reaction, and the non-flammable gas generated during the reaction causes the already molten system to expand and foam. At the same time, the polyol and ester dehydrate and carbonize, forming inorganic substances and carbon residues, and the system further foams; when the reaction is nearing completion, the system gels and solidifies, finally forming a porous foamed coke layer.
[0030] For example, the heat insulation support layer 3 is a cylindrical hollow structure, and the heat insulation support layer 3 is made of heat insulation material that is resistant to high temperature, such as high temperature resistant metal, asbestos, etc.
[0031] This utility model also provides a battery 6, including the above-mentioned heat insulation composite structure and a cylindrical battery body 1, wherein the expansion flame retardant layer 2 of the heat insulation composite structure is sleeved on the outside of the battery body 1.
[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, the present invention also provides a battery system, including a substrate 7 and a plurality of batteries 6 as described above. The plurality of batteries 6 are disposed on the substrate 7 and are connected in series or in parallel. For example, the plurality of batteries 6 are divided into N columns and M rows. Each row of batteries 6 is arranged along the length direction of the substrate 7, and each column of batteries 6 is arranged along the width direction of the substrate 7.
[0033] The expandable flame-retardant layer 2 in the thermal insulation composite structure of this utility model can prevent the increased heat transfer caused by the increased contact surface between the battery bodies 1 after thermal runaway; the thermal insulation support layer 3 can effectively maintain the reasonable operating temperature of the battery 6 in cold regions; the expandable flame-retardant layer 2 can expand and buffer the compression between the batteries 6 after thermal runaway, preventing the occurrence of compression thermal runaway.
[0034] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A fire-resistant and heat-insulating composite structure for a cylindrical battery, characterized in that, It includes an intumescent flame-retardant layer (2) and a thermal insulation support layer (3); The inflatable flame retardant layer (2) is sleeved on the outer side of the cylindrical battery body (1), and the heat insulation support layer (3) covers the outer side of the inflatable flame retardant layer (2).
2. The fireproof and heat-insulating composite structure of the cylindrical battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inflatable flame retardant layer (2) includes a base layer (4) and an expansion layer (5). The base layer (4) is sleeved on the outside of the cylindrical battery body (1), and the expansion layer (5) is laid on the base layer (4) and located between the base layer (4) and the heat insulation support layer (3).
3. The fireproof and heat-insulating composite structure of the cylindrical battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The base layer (4) is a cylindrical hollow structure.
4. The fireproof and heat-insulating composite structure of the cylindrical battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The base layer (4) is a fibrous fabric mesh structure.
5. The fireproof and heat-insulating composite structure of the cylindrical battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The base layer (4) is coated with a flame retardant.
6. The fireproof and heat-insulating composite structure of the cylindrical battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The expansion layer (5) is a porous foam coke layer.
7. The fire-resistant and heat-insulating composite structure of a cylindrical battery according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The heat insulation support layer (3) is a cylindrical hollow structure.
8. The fireproof and heat-insulating composite structure of the cylindrical battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat insulation support layer (3) is made of heat insulation material.
9. A battery, characterized in that, Includes the heat-insulating composite structure and cylindrical battery body (1) as described in any one of claims 1-8, wherein the expansion flame-retardant layer (2) is sleeved on the outside of the battery body (1).
10. A battery system, characterized in that, It includes multiple batteries (6) as described in claim 9, wherein the multiple batteries (6) are connected in series or in parallel.