Charger circuit and charger

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of battery charging, and discloses a charger circuit and a charger, the charger circuit comprises a battery pack and an equalization module, the battery pack comprises at least two batteries connected in series, the equalization module comprises a controller, a switch unit and an energy storage unit, and the equalization module is connected with the battery pack. The controller is used for detecting the voltage of each battery, and when the voltage of one battery is higher than the voltage of the adjacent battery, the battery with the high voltage is controlled by the switch unit to charge the energy storage unit. And the controller detects the equalizing current of the energy storage unit, and when the equalizing current reaches a preset current, the controller controls the energy storage unit to charge the adjacent battery with the lowest voltage until the voltages of all the batteries are equal. The problem that the service life of the batteries is affected due to different voltages of all the batteries in the tandem batteries is solved, and the service life of the tandem batteries is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery charging technology, and more particularly to a charger circuit and a charger. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable batteries. Because the voltage of a single lithium-ion cell is low (typically 4.2V or 3.6V), multiple lithium-ion batteries are often connected in series to achieve the required nominal voltage. In series-connected batteries, since the impedance and performance of each cell are not entirely consistent, frequent use can easily lead to voltage differences between cells, affecting battery life, damaging the battery, and even causing safety issues. Therefore, ensuring that each cell has the same voltage and improving the lifespan of series-connected batteries has become a pressing technical problem. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes a charger circuit and charger that ensures the voltage of each battery cell is the same, thereby improving the lifespan of the series-connected batteries.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application proposes a charger circuit, which includes a battery pack and an equalization module. The battery pack includes at least two batteries connected in series, and the equalization module includes a controller, a switching unit and an energy storage unit. The equalization module is connected to the battery pack.

[0005] The controller is used to detect the voltage of each battery. When the voltage of one battery is higher than that of the adjacent battery, the controller controls the battery with the higher voltage to charge the energy storage unit through the switching unit. The controller detects the balancing current of the energy storage unit. When the balancing current reaches a preset current, the controller controls the energy storage unit to charge the adjacent battery with the lowest voltage until the voltage of each battery is equal.

[0006] In some embodiments, the charger circuit further includes a reverse connection protection module and a charging module, wherein the reverse connection protection module is connected to the charging module, the equalization module and the battery pack respectively;

[0007] When the battery pack is connected in the correct orientation, the reverse connection protection module is turned on, and the charging module is used to charge the battery pack. When the battery pack is connected in the reverse orientation, the reverse connection protection module is turned off, and the charging module stops charging the battery pack.

[0008] In some embodiments, when the battery pack includes a first battery and a second battery connected in series, the reverse connection protection module includes a first reverse connection protection unit and a second reverse connection protection unit, and the charging module is connected to the first reverse connection protection unit and the second reverse connection protection unit respectively. The first reverse connection protection unit is connected to the first battery, and the second reverse connection protection unit is connected to the second battery.

[0009] When the battery pack is connected in the correct orientation, both the first and second reverse connection protection units are turned on, and the charging module is used to charge the battery pack. When the battery pack is connected in the reverse orientation, both the first and second reverse connection protection units are turned off, and the charging module stops charging the battery pack.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first reverse connection protection unit includes a fifth PMOS transistor, a seventh NPN transistor, a fifth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a sixteenth resistor, and a twenty-fifth resistor, and the second reverse connection protection unit includes a sixth NMOS transistor, an eighth PNP transistor, a twelfth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a twenty-sixth resistor, and a twenty-seventh resistor.

[0011] The first terminal of the charging module is connected to the source of the fifth PMOS transistor and the first terminal of the thirteenth resistor, respectively. The second terminal of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the gate of the fifth PMOS transistor and the first terminal of the fifth resistor, respectively. The drain of the fifth PMOS transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the first battery and the first terminal of the sixteenth resistor, respectively. The second terminal of the sixteenth resistor is connected to the first terminal of the twenty-fifth resistor and the base of the seventh NPN transistor, respectively. The second terminal of the fifth resistor is connected to the collector of the seventh NPN transistor, respectively. The emitter of the seventh NPN transistor is connected to the emitter of the eighth PNP transistor, the second terminal of the twenty-fifth resistor, and the negative terminal of the first battery, respectively.

[0012] The second terminal of the charging module is connected to the source of the sixth NMOS transistor and the first terminal of the fourteenth resistor, respectively. The second terminal of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the gate of the sixth NMOS transistor and the first terminal of the twelfth resistor, respectively. The drain of the sixth NMOS transistor is connected to the negative terminal of the second battery and the first terminal of the twenty-sixth resistor, respectively. The second terminal of the twenty-sixth resistor is connected to the first terminal of the twenty-seventh resistor and the base of the eighth PNP transistor, respectively. The second terminal of the twelfth resistor is connected to the collector of the eighth PNP transistor, respectively. The emitter of the eighth PNP transistor is connected to the emitter of the seventh NPN transistor, the second terminal of the twenty-seventh resistor, and the positive terminal of the second battery, respectively.

[0013] In some embodiments, when the battery pack includes a first battery and a second battery connected in series, the switching unit includes a first switching subunit and a second switching subunit, the first battery, the first switching subunit, the controller and the energy storage unit are connected in sequence, and the second battery, the energy storage unit, the second switching subunit and the controller are connected in sequence.

[0014] When the first battery is higher than the second battery, the controller controls the first switch subunit to turn on and the second switch subunit to turn off, so that the first battery charges the energy storage unit. The controller detects the balancing current of the energy storage unit. When the balancing current reaches a preset current, the controller controls the first switch subunit to turn off and the second switch subunit to turn on, so that the energy storage unit charges the second battery until the voltages of the first battery and the second battery are equal.

[0015] When the second battery is higher than the first battery, the controller controls the second switch subunit to turn on and the first switch subunit to turn off, so that the second battery charges the energy storage unit. The controller detects the balancing current of the energy storage unit. When the balancing current reaches the preset current, the controller controls the second switch subunit to turn off and the first switch subunit to turn on, so that the energy storage unit charges the first battery until the voltage of the first battery and the second battery are equal.

[0016] In some embodiments, the equalization module further includes a third resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a ninth capacitor, a twelfth capacitor, and a thirteenth capacitor; the first switching subunit is a second NMOS transistor; the second switching subunit is a third NMOS transistor; and the energy storage unit includes a first resistor and a first inductor.

[0017] The second pin of the controller is connected to the first terminal of the twelfth capacitor, the first terminal of the second capacitor, the drain of the second NMOS transistor, and the positive terminal of the first battery, respectively. The ninth pin of the controller is connected to the second terminal of the second capacitor and the first terminal of the third resistor, respectively. The tenth pin of the controller is connected to the first terminal of the seventh resistor and the first terminal of the ninth capacitor, respectively. The second terminal of the seventh resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the first battery. The second terminal of the ninth capacitor is connected to the source of the third NMOS transistor, the second terminal of the sixth resistor, the negative terminal of the second battery, the second terminal of the third resistor, the first terminal of the twelfth capacitor, and the sixth pin of the controller, respectively. The first end of the resistor is connected to the second end of the thirteenth capacitor. The third pin of the controller is connected to the gate of the second NMOS transistor. The fifth pin of the controller is connected to the gate of the third NMOS transistor. The fourth pin of the controller is connected to the second end of the third capacitor, the source of the second NMOS transistor, the source of the third NMOS transistor, the first end of the thirteenth capacitor, and the first end of the first resistor. The seventh pin of the controller is connected to the first end of the third capacitor. The second end of the first resistor is connected to the eighth pin of the controller and the first end of the first inductor. The second end of the first inductor is connected to the negative terminal of the first battery and the positive terminal of the second battery.

[0018] In some embodiments, the equalization module further includes a first filtering module and a second filtering module, wherein a first end of the first filtering module is connected to the positive terminal of the first battery, a second end of the first filtering module is connected to the negative terminal of the first battery, a first end of the second filtering module is connected to the positive terminal of the second battery, and a second end of the second filtering module is connected to the negative terminal of the second battery.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first filtering module includes a tenth capacitor and a fourteenth capacitor, and the second filtering module includes an eleventh capacitor and a fifteenth capacitor;

[0020] The positive terminal of the first battery is connected to the first terminal of the tenth capacitor and the first terminal of the fourteenth capacitor, respectively, and the negative terminal of the first battery is connected to the second terminal of the tenth capacitor and the second terminal of the fourteenth capacitor, respectively.

[0021] The positive terminal of the second battery is connected to the first terminal of the eleventh capacitor and the first terminal of the fifteenth capacitor, respectively, and the negative terminal of the second battery is connected to the second terminal of the eleventh capacitor and the second terminal of the fifteenth capacitor, respectively.

[0022] In some embodiments, the controller is model EAT3005, and the charging chip in the charging module is model ASC6613.

[0023] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a charger, including the charger circuit described in the first aspect.

[0024] The charger circuit proposed in this application includes a battery pack and an equalization module. The battery pack includes at least two batteries connected in series. The equalization module includes a controller, a switching unit, and an energy storage unit, and is connected to the battery pack. The controller detects the voltage of each battery. When the voltage of one battery is higher than that of an adjacent battery, the switching unit controls the battery with the higher voltage to charge the energy storage unit. The controller detects the equalization current of the energy storage unit. When the equalization current reaches a preset current, the controller controls the energy storage unit to charge the adjacent battery with the lowest voltage until the voltage of each battery is equal. This solves the problem of different voltages among the batteries in a series-connected battery, which affects battery life, and improves the service life of the series-connected battery.

[0025] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the charger circuit provided in the first embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the charger circuit provided in the second embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the charging module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the reverse connection protection module provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of the equalization module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram of the equalization module and the reverse connection protection module provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0035] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the directional descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicate the directional or positional relationship based on the directional or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0036] In the description of this utility model, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0037] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "setting," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0038] In the description of this utility model, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this utility model. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0039] Connecting multiple lithium batteries in series is called a series battery. In a series battery, the impedance and performance of each battery are not completely consistent. When the user uses the battery frequently, the voltage of each battery may be different, which can affect the battery life, damage the battery, and even cause safety problems.

[0040] Based on this, a charger circuit is provided in the embodiments of this application, which will be specifically described through the following embodiments.

[0041] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the charger circuit provided in the first embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the charger circuit provided in this application embodiment includes a battery pack 11 and an equalization module 10. The battery pack 11 includes at least two batteries connected in series. The equalization module 10 includes a controller 101, a switching unit 102 and an energy storage unit 103. The equalization module 10 is connected to the battery pack 11.

[0042] The controller 101 is used to detect the voltage of each battery. When the voltage of one battery is higher than that of the adjacent battery, the controller 102 controls the battery with the higher voltage to charge the energy storage unit 103. The controller 101 detects the equalization current of the energy storage unit 103. When the equalization current reaches the preset current, it means that the energy storage unit 103 is fully charged. Then the controller controls the energy storage unit 103 to charge the adjacent battery with the lowest voltage until the voltage of each battery is equal.

[0043] In one example, if battery pack 11 includes battery 1, battery 2, and battery 3, then the battery adjacent to battery 1 is battery 2, the batteries adjacent to battery 2 are batteries 1 and 3, and the battery adjacent to battery 3 is battery 2. That is, batteries 1 and 2 can charge each other, and batteries 2 and 3 can charge each other. When controller 101 detects that the voltage of battery 1 is 4V, the voltage of battery 2 is 3V, and the voltage of battery 3 is 2V, controller 101 first controls battery 1 to charge energy storage unit 103. After detecting that energy storage unit 103 is fully charged, controller 101 controls energy storage unit 103 to charge battery 2, and so on, until the voltages of both battery 1 and battery 2 are 3.5V. At this point, since the voltage of battery 2 is higher than the voltage of battery 3, controller 101 controls battery 2 to charge energy storage unit 103. After detecting that energy storage unit 103 is fully charged, controller 101 controls energy storage unit 103 to charge battery 3, and so on, until the voltages of both battery 2 and battery 3 are 2.75V. At this time, the voltage of battery 1 is higher than that of battery 2. Then, the controller 101 controls battery 1 to charge the energy storage unit 103. After detecting that the energy storage unit 103 is fully charged, the controller controls the energy storage unit 103 to charge battery 2. This cycle continues until the voltages of battery 1, battery 2 and battery 3 are equal.

[0044] It should be noted that users can configure the specific charging logic according to their needs, as long as the voltage of each battery is equal.

[0045] The charger circuit proposed in this application includes a battery pack 11 and an equalization module 10. The battery pack 11 includes at least two batteries connected in series. The equalization module 10 includes a controller 101, a switching unit 102, and an energy storage unit 103, and is connected to the battery pack 11. The controller 101 detects the voltage of each battery. When the voltage of one battery is higher than that of an adjacent battery, the switching unit 102 controls the battery with the higher voltage to charge the energy storage unit 103. The controller 101 detects the equalization current of the energy storage unit 103. When the equalization current reaches a preset current, the controller controls the energy storage unit 103 to charge the adjacent battery with the lowest voltage until the voltage of each battery is equal. This solves the problem of different voltages in each battery in a series-connected battery, which affects battery life, and improves the service life of the series-connected battery.

[0046] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the charger circuit also includes a reverse connection protection module 21 and a charging module 20. The reverse connection protection module 21 is connected to the charging module 20, the equalization module 10, and the battery pack 11, respectively. When the battery pack 11 is connected in the correct orientation, the reverse connection protection module 21 is turned on, connecting the charging module 20 and the battery pack 11. The charging module 20 is used to charge the battery pack 11. When the battery pack 11 is connected in the reverse orientation, the reverse connection protection module 21 is turned off, disconnecting the charging module 20 from the battery pack 11. The charging module 20 stops charging the battery pack 11, preventing safety hazards when the battery pack 11 is connected in the reverse orientation.

[0047] Specifically, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the battery pack consists of two batteries connected in series, namely the first battery and the second battery. Terminal B2 is the positive terminal of the battery pack 11, terminal B- is the negative terminal of the battery pack 11, and terminal B1 is the connection point between the first battery and the second battery.

[0048] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the charging module provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 4As shown, U2 is the charging management chip. USB1 connects to the computer or adapter. Power is supplied to the charging module 20 via a TVS diode (transient voltage suppressor diode) D1 and filter capacitors C1, C4, and C5. One path powers the charging module 20 via pins U2-4-VI, U2-23-VI, and U2-24-VI. The other path powers the charging module 20 via a voltage divider between resistors R2 and R4, filtered by capacitor C6, and supplied to pin U2-5-DRP to set the input voltage threshold. Pins U2-2-BAT, U2-21-BAT, and U2-22-BAT output the charging voltage to +8.4V. Resistors R11, R15, and R17 divide the voltage for pin U2-12-BATFB to set the charging voltage (output voltage of pin U2-BAT). LED1 displays the charging status. The BATT-GND terminal is connected to ground via the current sampling resistor R8. The voltage across the current sampling resistor R8 is input to pins U2-1-CSP and U2-15-CSN via resistors R9 and R10 to set the charging current.

[0049] It should be noted that when the +8.4V terminal is connected to terminal B2 of battery pack 11 and the BATT-GND terminal is connected to terminal B- of battery pack 11, battery pack 11 is connected in the correct orientation. When the +8.4V terminal is connected to terminal B- of battery pack 11 and the BATT-GND terminal is connected to terminal B2 of battery pack 11, battery pack 11 is connected in the reverse orientation. The reverse connection protection module 21 is connected between the charging module 20 and battery pack 11. When battery pack 11 is connected in the correct orientation, the reverse connection protection module 21 is activated, and the charging module 20 can charge battery pack 11. When battery pack 11 is connected in the reverse orientation, the reverse connection protection module 21 is deactivated, and the charging module 20 stops charging battery pack 11.

[0050] In some embodiments, when the battery pack 11 includes a first battery and a second battery connected in series, the reverse connection protection module 21 includes a first reverse connection protection unit and a second reverse connection protection unit. The charging module 20 is connected to the first reverse connection protection unit and the second reverse connection protection unit, respectively. The first reverse connection protection unit is connected to the first battery, and the second reverse connection protection unit is connected to the second battery. When the battery pack 11 is connected in the correct orientation, both the first and second reverse connection protection units are turned on, and the charging module 20 is used to charge the battery pack 11. When the battery pack 11 is connected in the reverse orientation, both the first and second reverse connection protection units are turned off, and the charging module 20 stops charging the battery pack 11.

[0051] Specifically, Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the reverse connection protection module provided in the embodiments of this application, as shown below. Figure 5As shown, the first reverse connection protection unit includes the fifth PMOS transistor Q5, the seventh NPN transistor Q7, the fifth resistor R5, the thirteenth resistor R13, the sixteenth resistor R16, and the twenty-fifth resistor R25. The second reverse connection protection unit includes the sixth NMOS transistor Q6, the eighth PNP transistor Q8, the twelfth resistor R12, the fourteenth resistor R14, the twenty-sixth resistor R26, and the twenty-seventh resistor R27.

[0052] The first terminal (+8.4V terminal) of the charging module 20 is connected to the source of the fifth PMOS transistor Q5 and the first terminal of the thirteenth resistor R13. The second terminal of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected to the gate of the fifth PMOS transistor Q5 and the first terminal of the fifth resistor R15. The drain of the fifth PMOS transistor Q5 is connected to the positive terminal (B2 terminal) of the first battery and the first terminal of the sixteenth resistor R16. The second terminal of the sixteenth resistor R16 is connected to the first terminal of the twenty-fifth resistor R25 and the base of the seventh NPN transistor Q7. The second terminal of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the collector of the seventh NPN transistor Q7. The emitter of the seventh NPN transistor Q7 is connected to the emitter of the eighth PNP transistor Q8, the second terminal of the twenty-fifth resistor R25, and the negative terminal (B1 terminal) of the first battery.

[0053] The second terminal (BATT-GND terminal) of the charging module 20 is connected to the source of the sixth NMOS transistor Q6 and the first terminal of the fourteenth resistor R14, respectively. The second terminal of the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected to the gate of the sixth NMOS transistor Q6 and the first terminal of the twelfth resistor R12, respectively. The drain of the sixth NMOS transistor Q6 is connected to the negative terminal (B- terminal) of the second battery and the first terminal of the twenty-sixth resistor R26, respectively. The second terminal of the twenty-sixth resistor R26 is connected to the first terminal of the twenty-seventh resistor R27 and the base of the eighth PNP transistor Q8, respectively. The second terminal of the twelfth resistor R12 is connected to the collector of the eighth PNP transistor Q8, and the emitter of the eighth PNP transistor Q8 is connected to the emitter of the seventh NPN transistor Q7, the second terminal of the twenty-seventh resistor R27, and the positive terminal (B1 terminal) of the second battery, respectively.

[0054] When battery pack 11 is connected in the correct orientation, the B2 terminal of battery pack 11 is connected to the B2 terminal of reverse connection protection module 21, the B- terminal of battery pack 11 is connected to the B- terminal of reverse connection protection module 21, and the B1 terminal of battery pack 11 is connected to the B1 terminal of reverse connection protection module 21.

[0055] For the first reverse connection protection unit, terminal B2 of the reverse connection protection module 21 is at a positive voltage, and terminal B1 is at a negative voltage. The high level at terminal B2 is divided by R16 and R25 and supplied to the base (B) of Q7. The emitter (E) of Q7 is connected to terminal B1. Therefore, Q7-VBE is at a positive voltage, and Q7 is turned on. The voltage at the gate (G) of Q5 is pulled low through R5 and Q7. At this time, Q5-VGS is at a negative voltage, and Q5 is turned on. Thus, the +8.4V terminal is connected to terminal B2.

[0056] For the second reverse connection protection unit, the B1 terminal of the reverse connection protection module 21 has a positive voltage, and the B- terminal has a negative voltage. The high level at the B1 terminal is divided by R27 and R26 and supplied to the B terminal of Q8. The E terminal of Q8 is connected to the B1 terminal, therefore, the VBE terminal of Q8 is negative, and Q8 is turned on. The high level at the B1 terminal provides a high level to the G terminal of Q5 through Q8 and R12. At this time, the VGS terminal of Q6 is high, and Q6 is turned on. Then, the BATT-GND terminal is connected to the B1 terminal.

[0057] When battery pack 11 is reverse-connected, the B- terminal of battery pack 11 is connected to the B2 terminal of reverse connection protection module 21, the B2 terminal of battery pack 11 is connected to the B2 terminal of reverse connection protection module 21, and the B1 terminal of battery pack 11 is connected to the B1 terminal of reverse connection protection module 21.

[0058] For the first reverse connection protection unit, terminal B2 of the reverse connection protection module 21 is at a negative voltage, and terminal B1 is at a positive voltage. The high level at terminal B1 is divided by R25 and R16 and supplied to the base (B) of Q7. The emitter (E) of Q7 is connected to terminal B1. Therefore, Q7-VBE has both positive and negative voltages, and Q7 is cut off. Terminal G of Q5 is at a high level. At this time, Q5-VGS is 0V, which has not reached the turn-on voltage, and Q5 is cut off. Thus, the +8.4V terminal is disconnected from terminal B2.

[0059] For the second reverse connection protection unit, the B1 terminal of the reverse connection protection module 21 is at a negative voltage, and the B- terminal is at a positive voltage. The high level at the B- terminal is divided by R26 and R27 and supplied to the B terminal of Q8. The E terminal of Q8 is connected to the B1 terminal. Therefore, Q8-VBE is at a positive voltage, and Q8 is cut off. The G terminal of Q6 is at a low level. At this time, Q6-VGS is 0V, which has not reached the turn-on voltage, and Q6 is cut off. Thus, the BATT-GND terminal is disconnected from the B- terminal.

[0060] In some embodiments, when the battery pack 11 includes a first battery and a second battery connected in series, the switching unit 102 includes a first switching subunit and a second switching subunit. The first battery, the first switching subunit, the controller 101 and the energy storage unit 103 are connected in sequence, and the second battery, the energy storage unit 103 and the second switching subunit and the controller 101 are connected in sequence.

[0061] When the first battery is higher than the second battery, the controller 101 controls the first switch subunit to turn on and the second switch subunit to turn off, so that the first battery charges the energy storage unit 103. The controller 101 detects the balancing current of the energy storage unit 103. When the balancing current reaches the preset current, the controller controls the first switch subunit to turn off and the second switch subunit to turn on, so that the energy storage unit 103 charges the second battery until the voltages of the first battery and the second battery are equal.

[0062] When the second battery is higher than the first battery, the controller 101 controls the second switch subunit to turn on and the first switch subunit to turn off, so that the second battery charges the energy storage unit 103. The controller 101 detects the balancing current of the energy storage unit 103. When the balancing current reaches the preset current, the controller controls the second switch subunit to turn off and the first switch subunit to turn on, so that the energy storage unit 103 charges the first battery until the voltage of the first battery and the second battery are equal.

[0063] Specifically, Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of the equalization module provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the equalization module also includes a third resistor R3, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a ninth capacitor C9, a twelfth capacitor C12, and a thirteenth capacitor C13. The first switching sub-unit is a second NMOS transistor Q2, the second switching sub-unit is a third NMOS transistor Q3, and the energy storage unit 103 includes a first resistor R1 and a first inductor L1.

[0064] The controller U1-2-BATP pin is connected to the first terminal of the twelfth capacitor C12, the first terminal of the second capacitor C2, the drain of the second NMOS transistor Q2, and the positive terminal (B2 terminal) of the first battery, respectively. The controller U1-9-EN pin is connected to the second terminal of the second capacitor C2 and the first terminal of the third resistor R3, respectively. The controller U1-10-BATC pin is connected to the first terminal of the seventh resistor R7 and the first terminal of the ninth capacitor C9, respectively. The second terminal of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the negative terminal (B1 terminal) of the first battery. The second terminal of the ninth capacitor C9 is connected to the source of the third NMOS transistor Q3, the second terminal of the sixth resistor R6, the negative terminal (B- terminal) of the second battery, the second terminal of the third resistor R3, and the twelfth capacitor C12. The first terminal of capacitor C12 is connected to controller U1-9-BATN. The first terminal of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the second terminal of the thirteenth capacitor C13. The HGATE pin of controller U1-3 is connected to the gate of the second NMOS transistor Q2. The LGATE pin of controller U1-5 is connected to the gate of the third NMOS transistor Q3. The SW pin of controller U1-4 is connected to the second terminal of the third capacitor C3, the source of the second NMOS transistor Q2, the source of the third NMOS transistor Q3, the first terminal of the thirteenth capacitor C13, and the first terminal of the first resistor R1. The BST pin of controller U1-7 is connected to the first terminal of the third capacitor C3. The second terminal of the first resistor R1 is connected to the ISET pin of controller U1-8 and the first terminal of the first inductor L1. The second terminal of the first inductor L1 is connected to the negative terminal (B1 terminal) of the first battery and the positive terminal (B1 terminal) of the second battery.

[0065] Controller U1-2 is connected to the positive terminal (B2) of the first battery, and controller U1-10 is connected to the negative terminal (B1) of the first battery, used to detect the real-time voltage of the first battery. Controller U1-10 is connected to the positive terminal (B1) of the second battery, and controller U1-6 is connected to the negative terminal (B-) of the second battery, used to detect the real-time voltage of the second battery.

[0066] When the voltage of the first battery is higher than that of the second battery, the controller U1-3 outputs a high level, the second NMOS transistor Q2 is turned on, the controller U1-5 outputs a low level, and the third NMOS transistor Q3 is turned off. The positive terminal (B2 terminal) of the first battery is charged through the second NMOS transistor Q2, the first resistor R1, and the first inductor L1 to the negative terminal (B1 terminal) of the first battery. The voltage of the first battery will decrease accordingly. When the first inductor L1 is fully charged (the state of "fully charged" in the inductor is defined as when the current in the inductor reaches a stable state), the first R1 is used to set the equalization current. When the equalization current is detected to be greater than the preset current, it means that the first inductor L1 is fully charged. The controller U1-3 outputs a low level, the second NMOS transistor Q2 is turned off, the controller U1-5 outputs a high level, and the third NMOS transistor Q3 is turned on. There is a voltage with the right side positive and the left side negative on the first inductor L1, which forms a circuit with B1, B- and Q3 to charge the second battery. The voltage of the second battery will increase. This cycle continues until the voltages of the two batteries are the same. C12 and R6 form an RC absorption circuit, which can reduce high-frequency noise in the SW circuit. The principle is the same when the voltage of the second battery is higher than that of the first battery, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0067] Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram of the equalization module and reverse connection protection module provided in the embodiments of this application, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, Figure 5 The circuit of the reverse connection protection module in the middle and Figure 6 The circuits of the equalization module are combined to obtain Figure 7 The circuit in the diagram. For ease of analysis, the reverse connection protection module 21 and the equalization module 10 will be analyzed separately.

[0068] In some embodiments, the equalization module 10 further includes a first filtering module and a second filtering module. The first end of the first filtering module is connected to the positive terminal of the first battery, the second end of the first filtering module is connected to the negative terminal of the first battery, the first end of the second filtering module is connected to the positive terminal of the second battery, and the second end of the second filtering module is connected to the negative terminal of the second battery.

[0069] Specifically, such as Figure 6As shown, the first filter module includes a tenth capacitor C10 and a fourteenth capacitor C14, and the second filter module includes an eleventh capacitor C11 and a fifteenth capacitor C15. The positive terminal (B2 terminal) of the first battery is connected to the first terminal of the tenth capacitor C10 and the first terminal of the fourteenth capacitor C14, and the negative terminal (B1 terminal) of the first battery is connected to the second terminal of the tenth capacitor C10 and the second terminal of the fourteenth capacitor C14, respectively. The positive terminal (B1 terminal) of the second battery is connected to the first terminal of the eleventh capacitor C11 and the first terminal of the fifteenth capacitor C15, respectively, and the negative terminal (B- terminal) of the second battery is connected to the second terminal of the eleventh capacitor C11 and the second terminal of the fifteenth capacitor C15, respectively.

[0070] In some embodiments, the controller 101 is model EAT3005, and the charging chip in the charging module 20 is model ASC6613.

[0071] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other unless otherwise specified.

Claims

1. A charger circuit, characterized in that, The charger circuit includes a battery pack and an equalization module. The battery pack includes at least two batteries connected in series. The equalization module includes a controller, a switching unit, and an energy storage unit. The equalization module is connected to the battery pack. The controller is used to detect the voltage of each battery. When the voltage of one battery is higher than that of the adjacent battery, the controller controls the battery with the higher voltage to charge the energy storage unit through the switching unit. The controller detects the balancing current of the energy storage unit. When the balancing current reaches a preset current, the controller controls the energy storage unit to charge the adjacent battery with the lowest voltage until the voltage of each battery is equal.

2. The charger circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charger circuit also includes a reverse connection protection module and a charging module, wherein the reverse connection protection module is connected to the charging module, the equalization module and the battery pack respectively. When the battery pack is connected in the correct orientation, the reverse connection protection module is turned on, and the charging module is used to charge the battery pack. When the battery pack is connected in the reverse orientation, the reverse connection protection module is turned off, and the charging module stops charging the battery pack.

3. The charger circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the battery pack includes a first battery and a second battery connected in series, the reverse connection protection module includes a first reverse connection protection unit and a second reverse connection protection unit. The charging module is connected to the first reverse connection protection unit and the second reverse connection protection unit respectively. The first reverse connection protection unit is connected to the first battery, and the second reverse connection protection unit is connected to the second battery. When the battery pack is connected in the correct orientation, both the first and second reverse connection protection units are turned on, and the charging module is used to charge the battery pack. When the battery pack is connected in the reverse orientation, both the first and second reverse connection protection units are turned off, and the charging module stops charging the battery pack.

4. The charger circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first reverse connection protection unit includes a fifth PMOS transistor, a seventh NPN transistor, a fifth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a sixteenth resistor, and a twenty-fifth resistor; the second reverse connection protection unit includes a sixth NMOS transistor, an eighth PNP transistor, a twelfth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a twenty-sixth resistor, and a twenty-seventh resistor. The first terminal of the charging module is connected to the source of the fifth PMOS transistor and the first terminal of the thirteenth resistor, respectively. The second terminal of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the gate of the fifth PMOS transistor and the first terminal of the fifth resistor, respectively. The drain of the fifth PMOS transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the first battery and the first terminal of the sixteenth resistor, respectively. The second terminal of the sixteenth resistor is connected to the first terminal of the twenty-fifth resistor and the base of the seventh NPN transistor, respectively. The second terminal of the fifth resistor is connected to the collector of the seventh NPN transistor, respectively. The emitter of the seventh NPN transistor is connected to the emitter of the eighth PNP transistor, the second terminal of the twenty-fifth resistor, and the negative terminal of the first battery, respectively. The second terminal of the charging module is connected to the source of the sixth NMOS transistor and the first terminal of the fourteenth resistor, respectively. The second terminal of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the gate of the sixth NMOS transistor and the first terminal of the twelfth resistor, respectively. The drain of the sixth NMOS transistor is connected to the negative terminal of the second battery and the first terminal of the twenty-sixth resistor, respectively. The second terminal of the twenty-sixth resistor is connected to the first terminal of the twenty-seventh resistor and the base of the eighth PNP transistor, respectively. The second terminal of the twelfth resistor is connected to the collector of the eighth PNP transistor, respectively. The emitter of the eighth PNP transistor is connected to the emitter of the seventh NPN transistor, the second terminal of the twenty-seventh resistor, and the positive terminal of the second battery, respectively.

5. The charger circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the battery pack includes a first battery and a second battery connected in series, the switching unit includes a first switching subunit and a second switching subunit. The first battery, the first switching subunit, the controller and the energy storage unit are connected in sequence, and the second battery, the energy storage unit, the second switching subunit and the controller are connected in sequence. When the first battery is higher than the second battery, the controller controls the first switch subunit to turn on and the second switch subunit to turn off, so that the first battery charges the energy storage unit. The controller detects the balancing current of the energy storage unit. When the balancing current reaches a preset current, the controller controls the first switch subunit to turn off and the second switch subunit to turn on, so that the energy storage unit charges the second battery until the voltages of the first battery and the second battery are equal. When the second battery is higher than the first battery, the controller controls the second switch subunit to turn on and the first switch subunit to turn off, so that the second battery charges the energy storage unit. The controller detects the balancing current of the energy storage unit. When the balancing current reaches the preset current, the controller controls the second switch subunit to turn off and the first switch subunit to turn on, so that the energy storage unit charges the first battery until the voltage of the first battery and the second battery are equal.

6. The charger circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The equalization module further includes a third resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a ninth capacitor, a twelfth capacitor, and a thirteenth capacitor. The first switching subunit is a second NMOS transistor, the second switching subunit is a third NMOS transistor, and the energy storage unit includes a first resistor and a first inductor. The second pin of the controller is connected to the first terminal of the twelfth capacitor, the first terminal of the second capacitor, the drain of the second NMOS transistor, and the positive terminal of the first battery, respectively. The ninth pin of the controller is connected to the second terminal of the second capacitor and the first terminal of the third resistor, respectively. The tenth pin of the controller is connected to the first terminal of the seventh resistor and the first terminal of the ninth capacitor, respectively. The second terminal of the seventh resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the first battery. The second terminal of the ninth capacitor is connected to the source of the third NMOS transistor, the second terminal of the sixth resistor, the negative terminal of the second battery, the second terminal of the third resistor, the first terminal of the twelfth capacitor, and the sixth pin of the controller, respectively. The first end of the resistor is connected to the second end of the thirteenth capacitor. The third pin of the controller is connected to the gate of the second NMOS transistor. The fifth pin of the controller is connected to the gate of the third NMOS transistor. The fourth pin of the controller is connected to the second end of the third capacitor, the source of the second NMOS transistor, the source of the third NMOS transistor, the first end of the thirteenth capacitor, and the first end of the first resistor. The seventh pin of the controller is connected to the first end of the third capacitor. The second end of the first resistor is connected to the eighth pin of the controller and the first end of the first inductor. The second end of the first inductor is connected to the negative terminal of the first battery and the positive terminal of the second battery.

7. The charger circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The equalization module further includes a first filtering module and a second filtering module. The first end of the first filtering module is connected to the positive terminal of the first battery, and the second end of the first filtering module is connected to the negative terminal of the first battery. The first end of the second filtering module is connected to the positive terminal of the second battery, and the second end of the second filtering module is connected to the negative terminal of the second battery.

8. The charger circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first filtering module includes a tenth capacitor and a fourteenth capacitor, and the second filtering module includes an eleventh capacitor and a fifteenth capacitor; The positive terminal of the first battery is connected to the first terminal of the tenth capacitor and the first terminal of the fourteenth capacitor, respectively, and the negative terminal of the first battery is connected to the second terminal of the tenth capacitor and the second terminal of the fourteenth capacitor, respectively. The positive terminal of the second battery is connected to the first terminal of the eleventh capacitor and the first terminal of the fifteenth capacitor, respectively, and the negative terminal of the second battery is connected to the second terminal of the eleventh capacitor and the second terminal of the fifteenth capacitor, respectively.

9. The charger circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The controller is model EAT3005, and the charging chip in the charging module is model ASC6613.

10. A charger, characterized in that, Includes the charger circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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