Power supply device and electric equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses a power supply device and electric equipment. The power supply device comprises a first power supply circuit and a second power supply circuit. The first power supply circuit and the second power supply circuit share one voltage input end and one voltage output end; the first power supply circuit comprises a first switching tube unit, and the first switching tube unit is used for connecting the first power supply circuit when the input voltage is the first voltage, so that the voltage output end outputs the first voltage; when the input voltage is the first voltage, the second power supply circuit is disconnected; the second power supply circuit comprises a second switch tube unit and a first voltage conversion unit, and the second switch tube unit is used for connecting the second power supply circuit when the input voltage is second voltage, so that the voltage output end outputs third voltage; when the input voltage is the second voltage, the first power supply circuit is disconnected; the first voltage conversion unit is used for converting the second voltage into a third voltage when the second power supply circuit is connected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to electronic circuit technology, and more particularly to a power supply device and an electrical appliance. Background Technology

[0002] With the development and popularization of new energy electric vehicles, commercial vehicles are increasingly using power batteries to drive cars. In addition to power batteries, cars also use storage batteries to provide low-voltage electricity. Compared with passenger cars, which usually use 12V storage batteries, commercial vehicles have more diverse application scenarios. Different models may use 24V or 12V storage batteries, with 24V storage batteries being more commonly used.

[0003] Regardless of whether it's a commercial vehicle or a passenger vehicle, the battery system requires a Battery Management System (BMS). Currently, 12V battery-powered BMSs are the most widely used and mature products. When using a 24V battery system, to reduce development and maintenance costs, the circuitry of each module in the BMS must be consistent with the 12V system. Therefore, developing a power supply device that is compatible with both 12V and 24V battery systems is particularly necessary. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model provides a power supply device and electrical equipment to achieve compatibility with 12V and 24V battery systems.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a power supply device, comprising:

[0006] First power supply circuit, second power supply circuit;

[0007] The first power supply circuit and the second power supply circuit share a voltage input terminal and a voltage output terminal;

[0008] The first power supply circuit includes a first switching transistor unit, which is used to connect the first power supply circuit when the input voltage is a first voltage, so that the voltage output terminal outputs the first voltage;

[0009] When the input voltage is the first voltage, the second power supply circuit is disconnected;

[0010] The second power supply circuit includes a second switching transistor unit and a first voltage conversion unit. The second switching transistor unit is used to connect the second power supply circuit when the input voltage is a second voltage, so that the voltage output terminal outputs a third voltage.

[0011] When the input voltage is the second voltage, the first power supply circuit is disconnected;

[0012] The first voltage conversion unit is used to convert the second voltage into the third voltage when the second power supply circuit is connected.

[0013] Optionally, the first switching transistor unit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a first clamping diode, and a first MOSFET;

[0014] The voltage input terminal is connected to the voltage output terminal through the first and second terminals of the first MOS transistor;

[0015] The first resistor is connected in parallel to the first terminal and the control terminal of the first MOSFET. The negative terminal of the first clamping diode is connected to the first terminal of the first MOSFET, and the positive terminal of the first clamping diode is connected to the control terminal of the first MOSFET.

[0016] The control terminal of the first MOSFET is also grounded through the second resistor.

[0017] Optionally, the first switching transistor unit further includes a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a second clamping diode, and a first transistor;

[0018] The voltage input terminal is connected to the first terminal of the first transistor, and the second terminal of the first transistor is grounded through the second resistor;

[0019] The voltage input terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the second clamping diode through the third resistor, and the positive terminal of the second clamping diode is grounded.

[0020] The voltage input terminal is connected to the control terminal of the first transistor through the third resistor and the fourth resistor.

[0021] Optionally, the second switching transistor unit includes a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a third clamping diode, and a second MOSFET;

[0022] The voltage input terminal is connected to the input terminal of the first voltage conversion unit through the first and second terminals of the second MOS transistor, and the output terminal of the first voltage conversion unit is connected to the voltage output terminal.

[0023] The fifth resistor is connected in parallel to the first terminal and the control terminal of the second MOSFET. The negative terminal of the third clamping diode is connected to the first terminal of the second MOSFET, and the positive terminal of the third clamping diode is connected to the control terminal of the second MOSFET.

[0024] The control terminal of the second MOS transistor is also grounded through the sixth resistor.

[0025] Optionally, the second switching transistor unit may further include a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a fourth clamping diode, and a second transistor;

[0026] The voltage input terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the fourth clamping diode, and the positive terminal of the fourth clamping diode is grounded through the seventh resistor and the eighth resistor;

[0027] The control terminal of the second MOSFET is also connected to the first terminal of the second transistor through the sixth resistor. The second terminal of the second transistor is grounded. The control terminal of the second transistor is connected to the connection point of the seventh and eighth resistors.

[0028] Optionally, the first switching transistor unit may further include a third MOSFET, a fifth clamping diode, a ninth resistor, and a tenth resistor;

[0029] The second terminal of the first MOSFET is connected to the voltage output terminal through the first and second terminals of the third MOSFET;

[0030] The negative terminal of the fifth clamping diode is connected to the second terminal of the third MOS transistor, and the positive terminal of the fifth clamping diode is connected to the control terminal of the third MOS transistor.

[0031] The second terminal of the third MOS transistor is grounded through the ninth and tenth resistors, and the positive terminal of the fifth clamping diode is also connected to the connection point of the ninth and tenth resistors.

[0032] Optionally, the second switching unit may further include a diode;

[0033] The diode is connected in series between the output terminal of the first voltage conversion unit and the voltage output terminal. The output terminal of the first voltage conversion unit is connected to the positive terminal of the diode, and the negative terminal of the diode is connected to the voltage output terminal.

[0034] Optionally, a second voltage conversion unit is also included, wherein the voltage output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the second voltage conversion unit.

[0035] Optionally, the first voltage range is greater than or equal to 6V and less than 16.7V, the second voltage range is greater than or equal to 16.7V and less than or equal to 32V, and the third voltage is 12V.

[0036] Secondly, this utility model provides an electrical device, including any of the power supply devices proposed in this utility model embodiment.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model proposes a power supply device, which includes a first power supply circuit and a second power supply circuit. The first power supply circuit and the second power supply circuit share a voltage input terminal and a voltage output terminal. The input voltage supported by the power supply device includes a first voltage and a second voltage. When the input voltage is the first voltage, the first power supply circuit is connected and the second power supply circuit is disconnected. When the input voltage is the second voltage, the first power supply circuit is disconnected and the second power supply circuit is connected. When the first power supply circuit is connected, it outputs the first voltage to the subsequent circuit. When the second power supply circuit is connected, it steps down the second voltage to a third voltage and outputs it to the subsequent circuit. Using this power supply device, it is possible to achieve compatibility with different input voltages and achieve the effect of sharing the subsequent circuit. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply device structure in the embodiment;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first switching transistor unit in the embodiment;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another first switching transistor unit in the embodiment;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another first switching transistor unit in the embodiment;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second switching transistor unit in the embodiment;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another second switching transistor unit in the embodiment;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another power supply device structure in the embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, not the entire structure.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply device structure in the embodiment, for reference. Figure 1 The power supply device includes a first power supply circuit 100 and a second power supply circuit 200;

[0047] The first power supply circuit 100 and the second power supply circuit 200 share a voltage input terminal Vin and a voltage output terminal Vout.

[0048] The first power supply circuit 100 includes a first switching transistor unit 101. The first switching transistor unit 101 is used to connect the first power supply circuit 100 when the input voltage is a first voltage, so that the voltage output terminal Vout outputs the first voltage.

[0049] When the input voltage is the first voltage, the second power supply circuit 200 is disconnected;

[0050] The second power supply circuit 200 includes a second switching transistor unit 201 and a first voltage conversion unit 202. The second switching transistor unit 201 is used to connect the second power supply circuit 200 when the input voltage is the second voltage, so that the voltage output terminal Vout outputs the third voltage.

[0051] When the input voltage is the second voltage, the first power supply circuit is disconnected by 100.

[0052] The first voltage conversion unit 202 is used to convert the second voltage into a third voltage when the second power supply circuit 200 is connected.

[0053] For example, in this solution, the first voltage is set to be less than the second voltage, and the third voltage is set to be less than the second voltage. The third voltage may be the same as or different from the first voltage.

[0054] For example, in this solution, when the first power supply circuit 100 is connected, the voltages of the voltage input terminal Vin and the voltage output terminal Vout are the same, and the voltage input terminal Vin is equivalent to outputting directly to the voltage output terminal Vout through the first power supply circuit 100.

[0055] When the second power supply circuit 200 is connected, the second power supply circuit 200 steps down the second voltage and then outputs it through the voltage output terminal Vout. The first voltage conversion unit 202 in the second power supply circuit 200 can use a step-down chip or a step-down circuit to step down the input voltage.

[0056] For example, in this solution, the on / off state of the first power supply circuit 100 or the second power supply circuit 200 is automatically switched according to the different input voltages at the voltage input terminal Vin, so as to achieve the same power supply device to output the specified power supply voltage to the subsequent stage when the input voltages are different.

[0057] To achieve the above objectives, the power supply device may include a voltage comparator (chip), one input terminal of which is connected to the voltage input terminal Vin, and the other input terminal of which is connected to the reference voltage terminal.

[0058] When the input voltage is the first voltage, the voltage divider resistor is adjusted so that the voltage comparator outputs a low level; when the input voltage is the second voltage, the voltage divider resistor is adjusted so that the voltage comparator outputs a high level.

[0059] For the first power supply circuit 100, a MOSFET can be used as an electronic switch. When the voltage comparator outputs a low level, the gate of the MOSFET is pulled low or high through a resistor or multiple voltage divider resistors to turn it on, thereby connecting the first power supply circuit 100.

[0060] For the second power supply circuit 200, another MOSFET can be used as an electronic switch. When the voltage comparator outputs a high level, the gate of the MOSFET is pulled low or high through one or more voltage divider resistors to turn it on, thereby connecting the second power supply circuit 200.

[0061] In addition, appropriate capacitors can be added at the voltage input terminal Vin and the voltage output terminal Vout for filtering to reduce voltage fluctuations and noise;

[0062] To prevent the MOSFET from being damaged by excessive voltage, a Zener diode can be connected between the gate and source of the MOSFET.

[0063] This embodiment proposes a power supply device, which includes a first power supply circuit and a second power supply circuit. The first power supply circuit and the second power supply circuit share a voltage input terminal and a voltage output terminal. The power supply device supports input voltages including a first voltage and a second voltage. When the input voltage is the first voltage, the first power supply circuit is connected and the second power supply circuit is disconnected. When the input voltage is the second voltage, the first power supply circuit is disconnected and the second power supply circuit is connected. When the first power supply circuit is connected, it outputs the first voltage to the subsequent circuit. When the second power supply circuit is connected, it steps down the second voltage to a third voltage and outputs it to the subsequent circuit. Using this power supply device, it is possible to achieve compatibility with different input voltages and achieve the effect of sharing the subsequent circuit.

[0064] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first switching transistor unit in the embodiment, for reference. Figure 2 ,exist Figure 1 Based on the scheme shown, in one possible implementation, the first switching transistor unit includes a first resistor R3, a second resistor R4, a first clamping diode D2, and a first MOSFET MOS1;

[0065] The voltage input terminal Vin is connected to the voltage output terminal Vout through the first and second terminals of the first MOSFET MOS1;

[0066] The first resistor R3 is connected in parallel to the first terminal and the control terminal of the first MOSFET MOS1. The negative terminal of the first clamping diode D2 is connected to the first terminal of the first MOSFET MOS1, and the positive terminal of the first clamping diode D2 is connected to the control terminal of the first MOSFET MOS1.

[0067] The control terminal of the first MOSFET MOS1 is also grounded through the second resistor R4.

[0068] For example, in this solution, the first MOS transistor MOS1 is a PMOS transistor, and the first terminal, the second terminal, and the control terminal of the first MOS transistor MOS1 are the source, the drain, and the gate, respectively.

[0069] For example, in this solution, the first clamping diode D2 is used to prevent the MOSFET from being damaged by excessive voltage, and the first resistor R3 and the second resistor R4 are used to turn on the first MOSFET MOS1 when the voltage at the voltage input terminal Vin is a first voltage.

[0070] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another first switching transistor unit in the embodiment, see reference. Figure 3 ,exist Figure 2 Based on the scheme shown, in one possible implementation, the first switching transistor unit further includes a third resistor R1, a fourth resistor R2, a second clamping diode D1, and a first transistor Q1;

[0071] The voltage input terminal Vin is connected to the first terminal of the first transistor Q1, and the second terminal of the first transistor Q1 is grounded through the second resistor R4;

[0072] The voltage input terminal Vin is connected to the negative terminal of the second clamping diode D1 through the third resistor R1, and the positive terminal of the second clamping diode D1 is grounded.

[0073] The voltage input terminal Vin is connected to the control terminal of the first transistor Q1 through the third resistor R1 and the fourth resistor R2.

[0074] For example, in this solution, the first transistor Q1 is a PNP type transistor, and the first terminal, the second terminal, and the control terminal of the first transistor Q1 are the emitter, the collector, and the base, respectively.

[0075] For example, in this solution, the third resistor R1 serves as a current-limiting resistor, and the second clamping diode D1 is used for voltage protection at the voltage input terminal Vin.

[0076] In this scheme, the collector potential of the first transistor Q1 is used to control the on / off state of the first MOS transistor MOS1;

[0077] Specifically, by configuring the resistance values ​​of the third resistor R1 and the fourth resistor R2, the first transistor Q1 is turned off when the input voltage at the voltage input terminal Vin is the first voltage, thereby controlling the first MOSFET MOS1 to turn on. When the input voltage at the voltage input terminal Vin is the second voltage, it turns on, thereby controlling the first MOSFET MOS1 to turn off.

[0078] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another first switching transistor unit in the embodiment, see reference. Figure 4 ,exist Figure 3 Based on the scheme shown, in one possible implementation, the first switching transistor unit further includes a third MOS transistor MOS2, a fifth clamping diode D3, a ninth resistor R5, and a tenth resistor R6;

[0079] The second terminal of the first MOSFET MOS1 is connected to the voltage output terminal Vout through the first and second terminals of the third MOSFET MOS2;

[0080] The negative terminal of the fifth clamping diode D3 is connected to the second terminal of the third MOSFET MOS2, and the positive terminal of the fifth clamping diode D3 is connected to the control terminal of the third MOSFET MOS2.

[0081] The second terminal of the third MOSFET MOS2 is grounded through the ninth resistor R5 and the tenth resistor R6. The positive terminal of the fifth clamping diode D3 is also connected to the connection point of the ninth resistor R5 and the tenth resistor R6.

[0082] For example, in this solution, the third MOS transistor MOS2 is a PMOS transistor, and the first terminal, the second terminal, and the control terminal of the third MOS transistor MOS2 are the drain, the source, and the gate, respectively.

[0083] In this scheme, the third MOSFET MOS2 is used to prevent the power supply of the voltage output terminal Vout from being reversed. The fifth clamping diode D3 is used to prevent the MOSFET from being damaged by excessive voltage. The ninth resistor R5 and the tenth resistor R6 are used to turn on the third MOSFET MOS2 when the first MOSFET MOS1 is turned on.

[0084] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4 ,exist Figure 2 Based on the scheme shown, in one possible implementation, the first switching transistor unit further includes a third MOS transistor MOS2, a fifth clamping diode D3, a ninth resistor R5, and a tenth resistor R6;

[0085] The second terminal of the first MOSFET MOS1 is connected to the voltage output terminal Vout through the first and second terminals of the third MOSFET MOS2;

[0086] The negative terminal of the fifth clamping diode D3 is connected to the second terminal of the third MOSFET MOS2, and the positive terminal of the fifth clamping diode D3 is connected to the control terminal of the third MOSFET MOS2.

[0087] The second terminal of the third MOSFET MOS2 is grounded through the ninth resistor R5 and the tenth resistor R6. The positive terminal of the fifth clamping diode D3 is also connected to the connection point of the ninth resistor R5 and the tenth resistor R6.

[0088] For example, in this solution, the third MOS transistor MOS2 is a PMOS transistor, and the first terminal, the second terminal, and the control terminal of the third MOS transistor MOS2 are the drain, the source, and the gate, respectively.

[0089] In this scheme, the third MOSFET MOS2 is used to prevent the power supply of the voltage output terminal Vout from being reversed. The fifth clamping diode D3 is used to prevent the MOSFET from being damaged by excessive voltage. The ninth resistor R5 and the tenth resistor R6 are used to turn on the third MOSFET MOS2 when the first MOSFET MOS1 is turned on.

[0090] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second switching transistor unit in the embodiment, for reference. Figure 5 ,exist Figure 1 Based on the scheme shown, in one possible implementation, the second switching transistor unit includes a fifth resistor R9, a sixth resistor R10, a third clamping diode D5, and a second MOSFET MOS3;

[0091] The voltage input terminal Vin is connected to the input terminal of the first voltage conversion unit 202 through the first and second terminals of the second MOSFET MOS3, and the output terminal of the first voltage conversion unit 202 is connected to the voltage output terminal Vout.

[0092] The fifth resistor R9 is connected in parallel to the first terminal and the control terminal of the second MOSFET MOS3. The cathode of the third clamping diode D5 is connected to the first terminal of the second MOSFET MOS3, and the anode of the third clamping diode D5 is connected to the control terminal of the second MOSFET MOS3.

[0093] The control terminal of the second MOSFET MOS3 is also grounded through the sixth resistor R10.

[0094] For example, in this solution, the second MOS transistor MOS3 is a PMOS transistor, and the first terminal, the second terminal, and the control terminal of the second MOS transistor MOS3 are the source, the drain, and the gate, respectively.

[0095] For example, in this solution, the third clamping diode D5 is used to prevent the MOSFET from being damaged by excessive voltage, and the fifth resistor R9 and the sixth resistor R10 are used to turn on the second MOSFET MOS3 when the voltage at the voltage input terminal Vin is the second voltage.

[0096] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another second switching transistor unit in the embodiment, see reference. Figure 6 ,exist Figure 5 Based on the scheme shown, in one possible implementation, the second switching transistor unit further includes a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a fourth clamping diode D4, and a second transistor Q2;

[0097] The voltage input terminal Vin is connected to the negative terminal of the fourth clamping diode D4, and the positive terminal of the fourth clamping diode D4 is grounded through the seventh resistor R7 and the eighth resistor R8.

[0098] The control terminal of the second MOSFET MOS3 is also connected to the first terminal of the second transistor Q2 through the sixth resistor R10. The second terminal of the second transistor Q2 is grounded. The control terminal of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the connection point of the seventh resistor R7 and the eighth resistor R8.

[0099] For example, in this solution, the second transistor Q2 is an NPN transistor, and the first terminal, the second terminal, and the control terminal of the second transistor Q2 are the collector, the emitter, and the base, respectively.

[0100] For example, in this solution, the fourth clamping diode D4 is used for voltage protection at the voltage input terminal Vin;

[0101] In this scheme, the on / off state of the first MOSFET MOS1 is controlled by the on / off state of the second transistor Q2. By configuring the resistance values ​​of the seventh resistor R7 and the eighth resistor R8, the second transistor Q2 is turned off when the input voltage at the voltage input terminal Vin is the first voltage, thereby controlling the second MOSFET MOS3 to turn off. When the input voltage at the voltage input terminal Vin is the second voltage, the second MOSFET MOS3 is turned on.

[0102] refer to Figure 5 or Figure 6 In one possible implementation, the second switching unit further includes a diode D6;

[0103] Diode D6 is connected in series between the output terminal of the first voltage conversion unit 202 and the voltage output terminal Vout. The output terminal of the first voltage conversion unit 202 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D6, and the negative terminal of diode D6 is connected to the voltage output terminal.

[0104] For example, in this solution, diode D6 is configured to cut off when the voltage at the voltage output terminal Vout is greater than the third voltage. Diode D6 is used to prevent voltage backflow at the voltage output terminal Vout.

[0105] Based on any of the aforementioned schemes, in one possible implementation, the power supply device further includes a second voltage conversion unit, with the voltage output terminal connected to the input terminal of the second voltage conversion unit.

[0106] For example, in this solution, the second voltage conversion unit is specifically used to step down the voltage output from the voltage output terminal Vout.

[0107] Based on any of the aforementioned schemes, in one possible implementation scheme, the first voltage is 6 to 16.7V, the second voltage is 16.7 to 32V, and the third voltage is 12V.

[0108] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another power supply device structure in the embodiment, for reference. Figure 7 Based on any of the aforementioned schemes, in one possible implementation scheme, the power supply device includes a first resistor R3, a second resistor R4, a first clamping diode D2, and a first MOSFET MOS1;

[0109] It also includes a third resistor R1, a fourth resistor R2, a second clamping diode D1 and a first transistor Q1, as well as a third MOSFET MOS2, a fifth clamping diode D3, a ninth resistor R5 and a tenth resistor R6;

[0110] The voltage input terminal Vin is connected to the first terminal of the first MOSFET MOS1, and the second terminal of the first MOSFET MOS1 is connected to the voltage output terminal Vout through the first and second terminals of the third MOSFET MOS2.

[0111] The negative terminal of the fifth clamping diode D3 is connected to the second terminal of the third MOSFET MOS2, and the positive terminal of the fifth clamping diode D3 is connected to the control terminal of the third MOSFET MOS2.

[0112] The second terminal of the third MOSFET MOS2 is grounded through the ninth resistor R5 and the tenth resistor R6. The positive terminal of the fifth clamping diode D3 is also connected to the connection point of the ninth resistor R5 and the tenth resistor R6.

[0113] The first resistor R3 is connected in parallel to the first terminal and the control terminal of the first MOSFET MOS1. The negative terminal of the first clamping diode D2 is connected to the first terminal of the first MOSFET MOS1, and the positive terminal of the first clamping diode D2 is connected to the control terminal of the first MOSFET MOS1.

[0114] The control terminal of the first MOSFET MOS1 is also grounded through the second resistor R4;

[0115] The voltage input terminal Vin is connected to the first terminal of the first transistor Q1, and the second terminal of the first transistor Q1 is grounded through the second resistor R4;

[0116] The voltage input terminal Vin is connected to the negative terminal of the second clamping diode D1 through the third resistor R1, and the positive terminal of the second clamping diode D1 is grounded.

[0117] The voltage input terminal Vin is connected to the control terminal of the first transistor Q1 through the third resistor R1 and the fourth resistor R2;

[0118] It also includes the fifth resistor R9, the sixth resistor R10, the third clamping diode D5, the second MOSFET MOS3, the seventh resistor R7, the eighth resistor R8, the fourth clamping diode D4, the second transistor Q2, and the diode D6.

[0119] The voltage input terminal Vin is connected to the input terminal of the first voltage conversion unit 202 through the first and second terminals of the second MOS transistor MOS3. The output terminal of the first voltage conversion unit 202 is connected to the positive terminal of the diode D6, and the negative terminal of the diode D6 is connected to the voltage output terminal.

[0120] The fifth resistor R9 is connected in parallel to the first terminal and the control terminal of the second MOSFET MOS3. The cathode of the third clamping diode D5 is connected to the first terminal of the second MOSFET MOS3, and the anode of the third clamping diode D5 is connected to the control terminal of the second MOSFET MOS3.

[0121] The voltage input terminal Vin is connected to the negative terminal of the fourth clamping diode D4, and the positive terminal of the fourth clamping diode D4 is grounded through the seventh resistor R7 and the eighth resistor R8.

[0122] The control terminal of the second MOSFET MOS3 is also connected to the first terminal of the second transistor Q2 through the sixth resistor R10. The second terminal of the second transistor Q2 is grounded. The control terminal of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the connection point of the seventh resistor R7 and the eighth resistor R8.

[0123] It also includes a second voltage conversion unit 300, with the voltage output terminal Vout connected to the input terminal of the second voltage conversion unit 300.

[0124] For example, in this solution, the power supply device is applied to the battery system scenario of new energy electric vehicles. The battery system can use 24V batteries or 12V batteries to provide low-voltage power. The widest power supply voltage range of the 12V battery system is 6 to 16V, and the widest power supply voltage range of the 24V battery system is 10 to 32V. The specific voltages are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

[0125] Table 1 12V Battery System Power Supply Voltage

[0126]

[0127] Table 2 24V Battery System Power Supply Voltage

[0128]

[0129] In this scheme, the first voltage range is set to be greater than or equal to 6V and less than 16.7V, the second voltage range is greater than or equal to 16.7V and less than or equal to 32V, and the third voltage is 12V.

[0130] The cutoff voltages of the first clamping diode D2, the second clamping diode D1, the third clamping diode D5, the fourth clamping diode D4, and the fifth clamping diode D3 are configured to be 5V, 16V, 5V, 15V, and 5V, respectively.

[0131] Based on the aforementioned scheme, in this scheme, the turn-on voltage Vbe of the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 are 0.7V respectively;

[0132] When 6V≤Vin<16.4V, the first transistor Q1 is turned off, the first MOSFET MOS1 and the third MOSFET MOS2 are turned on, and the first power supply circuit is connected to the subsequent circuit, which is equivalent to the 12V system being directly powered.

[0133] When 16.4V≤Vin<16.7V, the first MOSFET MOS1, the third MOSFET MOS2, and the second MOSFET MOS3 are turned on. The first power supply circuit is connected to the subsequent circuit. Since Vin is also regulated to 12V by the first voltage conversion unit 202, the output voltage of the first power supply circuit is greater than 12V. Therefore, diode D6 is turned off. The second power supply circuit does not output to the subsequent circuit, but supplies power to the subsequent circuit through the first power supply circuit.

[0134] When 16.7V≤Vin≤32V, the first MOSFET MOS1 and the third MOSFET MOS2 are cut off, the second transistor Q2 reaches the turn-on voltage, the second transistor Q2 and the second MOSFET MOS3 are turned on, and Vin is regulated to 12V by the first voltage conversion unit 202 and then output to the subsequent circuit.

[0135] For example, in this solution, the second clamping diode D1 and the fourth clamping diode D4 play the role of voltage clamping in the circuit to prevent the voltage from being too high, and the seventh resistor R7 and the eighth resistor R8 play the role of voltage divider in the circuit to help determine the gate voltage of the second MOSFET MOS3.

[0136] The turn-on voltage Vbe of the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 is 0.7V. Assuming Vin is the input voltage, when the difference between Vin and the regulated voltage of the second clamping diode D1 is less than 0.7V, after the voltage division by the first resistor R3 and the second resistor R4, the base voltage of the first transistor Q1 is insufficient to turn it on, and Q1 is turned off.

[0137] When the difference between Vin and the regulated voltage of the fourth clamping diode D4 is greater than 0.7V, Vin is divided by the seventh resistor R7, the eighth resistor R8, the fifth resistor R9, and the sixth resistor R10, and the Vbe of the second transistor Q2 reaches 0.7V, and Q2 is turned on.

[0138] By selecting the second clamping diode D1 and the fourth clamping diode D4 (with different cutoff voltages), as well as the seventh resistor R7, the eighth resistor R8, and other resistors, the critical value between the first voltage and the second voltage (16.7V) can be adjusted according to requirements. The critical value between the first voltage and the second voltage corresponds to the critical value for the conduction and cutoff of the first MOSFET MOS1.

[0139] In this solution, the power supply device includes a first power supply circuit and a second power supply. The power supply device supports an input voltage range of 6–32V. For different types of vehicles using 12V and 24V batteries as their low-voltage power supply, the circuit design of the power supply device allows for direct output of the 12V power supply to the subsequent stage, and step-down and regulated 24V power supply to 12V for output to the subsequent stage, achieving compatibility and sharing of the subsequent stage circuits. The BMS controller, in conjunction with this power supply device, can achieve the goal of meeting the low-voltage power needs of two types of vehicles using the same hardware. Based on the circuit design of the power supply device, when the input voltage range is 16.7V < Vin ≤ 32V, the first voltage conversion unit starts working. This avoids the problem that the minimum voltage of the 24V system is 10V (less than the set Vout 12V), which would cause the first voltage conversion unit (BUCK circuit) to operate unstablely when Vin is less than the set Vout, easily leading to circuit failure. In this solution, the circuit structure is simple, and the compatibility of the BMS circuit with 12V and 24V system power supply can be achieved at a low cost. This reduces the number of BMS products to be developed and the development cycle, lowers the development and maintenance costs, and increases the adaptability of the BMS controller.

[0140] Example 2

[0141] This embodiment proposes an electrical device, including any of the power supply devices described in Embodiment 1. The implementation method and beneficial effects of the power supply device are the same as the corresponding content described in Embodiment 1, and the specific details will not be described in detail.

[0142] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A power supply device, characterized in that, include: First power supply circuit, second power supply circuit; The first power supply circuit and the second power supply circuit share a voltage input terminal and a voltage output terminal; The first power supply circuit includes a first switching transistor unit, which is used to connect the first power supply circuit when the input voltage is a first voltage, so that the voltage output terminal outputs the first voltage; When the input voltage is the first voltage, the second power supply circuit is disconnected; The second power supply circuit includes a second switching transistor unit and a first voltage conversion unit. The second switching transistor unit is used to connect the second power supply circuit when the input voltage is a second voltage, so that the voltage output terminal outputs a third voltage. When the input voltage is the second voltage, the first power supply circuit is disconnected; The first voltage conversion unit is used to convert the second voltage into the third voltage when the second power supply circuit is connected.

2. The power supply device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first switching transistor unit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a first clamping diode, and a first MOSFET; The voltage input terminal is connected to the voltage output terminal through the first and second terminals of the first MOS transistor; The first resistor is connected in parallel to the first terminal and the control terminal of the first MOSFET. The negative terminal of the first clamping diode is connected to the first terminal of the first MOSFET, and the positive terminal of the first clamping diode is connected to the control terminal of the first MOSFET. The control terminal of the first MOSFET is also grounded through the second resistor.

3. The power supply device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first switching transistor unit also includes a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a second clamping diode, and a first transistor; The voltage input terminal is connected to the first terminal of the first transistor, and the second terminal of the first transistor is grounded through the second resistor; The voltage input terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the second clamping diode through the third resistor, and the positive terminal of the second clamping diode is grounded. The voltage input terminal is connected to the control terminal of the first transistor through the third resistor and the fourth resistor.

4. The power supply device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second switching transistor unit includes a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a third clamping diode, and a second MOSFET; The voltage input terminal is connected to the input terminal of the first voltage conversion unit through the first and second terminals of the second MOS transistor, and the output terminal of the first voltage conversion unit is connected to the voltage output terminal. The fifth resistor is connected in parallel to the first terminal and the control terminal of the second MOSFET. The negative terminal of the third clamping diode is connected to the first terminal of the second MOSFET, and the positive terminal of the third clamping diode is connected to the control terminal of the second MOSFET. The control terminal of the second MOS transistor is also grounded through the sixth resistor.

5. The power supply device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The second switching transistor unit also includes a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a fourth clamping diode, and a second transistor; The voltage input terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the fourth clamping diode, and the positive terminal of the fourth clamping diode is grounded through the seventh resistor and the eighth resistor; The control terminal of the second MOS transistor is also connected to the first terminal of the second transistor through the sixth resistor. The second terminal of the second transistor is grounded. The control terminal of the second transistor is connected to the connection point of the seventh and eighth resistors.

6. The power supply device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The first switching transistor unit also includes a third MOSFET, a fifth clamping diode, a ninth resistor, and a tenth resistor; The second terminal of the first MOSFET is connected to the voltage output terminal through the first and second terminals of the third MOSFET; The negative terminal of the fifth clamping diode is connected to the second terminal of the third MOS transistor, and the positive terminal of the fifth clamping diode is connected to the control terminal of the third MOS transistor. The second terminal of the third MOS transistor is grounded through the ninth and tenth resistors, and the positive terminal of the fifth clamping diode is also connected to the connection point of the ninth and tenth resistors.

7. The power supply device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second switching unit also includes a diode; The diode is connected in series between the output terminal of the first voltage conversion unit and the voltage output terminal. The output terminal of the first voltage conversion unit is connected to the positive terminal of the diode, and the negative terminal of the diode is connected to the voltage output terminal.

8. The power supply device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a second voltage conversion unit, wherein the voltage output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the second voltage conversion unit.

9. The power supply device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first voltage range is greater than or equal to 6V and less than 16.7V, the second voltage range is greater than or equal to 16.7V and less than or equal to 32V, and the third voltage is 12V.

10. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Includes the power supply device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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