Single-function voltage regulator with overvoltage protection for automobile

Abstract

The utility model discloses an automobile single-function voltage regulator with overvoltage protection, which comprises an overvoltage protection module and a voltage regulation module, the overvoltage protection module comprises a B + end, and the B + end is used for being connected with an output B + end of an external generator; the B + end is respectively connected with a resistor R9 and a resistor R11, the resistor R11 is respectively connected with a capacitor C5, a resistor R12 and a resistor R13, the automobile single-function voltage regulator with the overvoltage protection function is provided, discrete devices are used, and the automobile single-function voltage regulator with the overvoltage protection function is easy to implement and reliable in function and has the cost advantage. The voltage regulator has an overvoltage protection function, and when the voltage is too high, the voltage regulator can close the switching tube to prevent the voltage from increasing continuously, so that a storage battery and electric equipment are protected, and the defects of a single-function regulator in the current market are effectively overcome. For bad car using habits and modification behaviors of car owners, the provided regulator has higher applicability, and the user experience is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of automotive regulator technology, specifically a single-function voltage regulator for automobiles with overvoltage protection. Background Technology

[0002] Automotive voltage regulators are used in the alternator of a car engine. Their function is to stabilize the output voltage of the alternator, charge the car battery, and provide power to the vehicle's electrical appliances. Therefore, the voltage stabilization function of the regulator is very important.

[0003] Due to user habits, sudden load changes can easily lead to excessive voltage. Furthermore, vehicle modifications are often uncontrollable, and additional inductive loads can cause voltage spikes. Excessive alternator voltage can overcharge or even damage the battery, and also cause malfunctions in the vehicle's electrical systems.

[0004] Currently, automotive voltage regulators are mainly divided into several types: single-function regulators, multi-function regulators, and communication regulators. Among them, single-function regulators have low cost, but are generally composed of discrete components and have no protection or warning functions; multi-function regulators and communication regulators have protection and auxiliary functions, but have higher cost and poor expandability.

[0005] The above situation will lead to the following problems:

[0006] 1. Excessive voltage caused by the owner's usage habits and modifications can damage the battery and vehicle electrical appliances.

[0007] 2. Conventional single-function regulators have limited functionality. Although they are cheaper to make, they lack protective features.

[0008] 3. Multifunctional regulators generally have protection and auxiliary functions, but due to their cost and usage limitations, they cannot completely replace single-function regulators.

[0009] To address this, a single-function voltage regulator for automobiles with overvoltage protection is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a single-function voltage regulator for automobiles with overvoltage protection, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a single-function voltage regulator for automobiles with overvoltage protection, comprising an overvoltage protection module and a voltage regulation module, wherein the overvoltage protection module includes a B+ terminal, and the B+ terminal is used to connect to the output B+ terminal of an external generator;

[0012] Resistors R9 and R11 are connected to the B+ terminal. Capacitor C5, resistor R12, and resistor R13 are connected to resistor R11. The base of transistor Q5 and one end of capacitor C4 are connected between resistors R11 and R13. The collector of transistor Q5 is connected to the other end of capacitor C4 and the other end of resistor R9. The collector of transistor Q5 is also connected to the base of transistor Q4. The collector of transistor Q4 is connected to one end of resistor R10.

[0013] Preferably, the voltage regulating module includes a D+ terminal, an F terminal, an E terminal, and an S terminal;

[0014] The D+, F, and E terminals form the excitation circuit. A diode D1 is connected between the D+ and F terminals and connected to the rotor. The S terminal is connected to an external battery. A switching transistor Q1 is connected between the F and E terminals.

[0015] Preferably, the gate of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to a resistor R7 and a Zener diode ZD2, and the other end of the resistor R7 is connected to a capacitor C2, the collector of the transistor Q2, and a resistor R6.

[0016] Preferably, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to the negative terminal of the common cathode diode D4, one positive terminal of the common cathode diode D4 is connected to the S terminal, and the other positive terminal is connected to the resistor R8 and connected to the D+ terminal.

[0017] Preferably, the base of transistor Q2 is connected to the positive terminal of Zener diode ZD1 and resistor R4, the negative terminal of Zener diode ZD1 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q3, and the collector of transistor Q3 is connected to resistor R3 and connected to the negative terminal of common cathode diode D4.

[0018] Preferably, the base of the transistor Q3 is connected to the other end of resistors R1, R2, capacitor C1, and resistor R10.

[0019] Preferably, a resistor R5 and a capacitor C3 are connected to the F terminal and grounded.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0021] 1. A single-function voltage regulator for automobiles with overvoltage protection is proposed. The scheme uses discrete components, which is simple to implement, reliable in function, and cost-effective.

[0022] 2. The proposed voltage regulator has an overvoltage protection function. When the voltage is too high, the voltage regulator can shut down the switching transistor to prevent the voltage from increasing continuously, thereby protecting the battery and electrical equipment and effectively solving the shortcomings of the current single-function regulators on the market.

[0023] 3. The proposed regulator is more applicable to addressing car owners' poor driving habits and modifications, thus improving the user experience. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage regulator circuit of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the peripheral application of the voltage regulator of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] Please see Figure 1-2 This utility model provides a technical solution: the proposed voltage regulator mainly has five terminals: D+, F, E, S, and B+. Its application principle diagram is shown below. Figure 2 As shown. Terminals D+, F, and E form the excitation circuit. The rotor is connected between terminals D+ and F. A switching transistor Q1 is located inside the regulator between terminals F and E. This transistor controls the magnitude of the rotor excitation current, thereby controlling the output voltage. Terminal S is connected to the battery terminal to detect the battery voltage. When the battery voltage is higher than the set point, the regulator reduces the on-time of switching transistor Q1, thus reducing the excitation current and lowering the output voltage. When the battery voltage is lower than the set point, the regulator increases the on-time of switching transistor Q1, thus increasing the excitation current and raising the output voltage. The regulator's B+ terminal is connected to the generator's output B+ terminal to detect the generator's output voltage. When the voltage is too high, the overvoltage protection circuit activates, shutting off the switching transistor and simultaneously reducing the excitation current and output voltage.

[0028] The circuit diagram of the proposed regulator is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, it mainly consists of a voltage regulation module and an overvoltage protection module. The specific implementation of the voltage regulation module is as follows:

[0029] Switch Q1 and return diode D1 are the power modules of the regulator, used to control the magnitude of the excitation current on the connected rotor. When the battery voltage is higher than the set point, the regulator internally reduces the on-time of switch Q1, thereby reducing the excitation current and lowering the output voltage; when the battery voltage is lower than the set point, the regulator internally increases the on-time of switch Q1, thereby increasing the excitation current and raising the output voltage.

[0030] Resistors R1, R2, R10, capacitor C1, MOSFET Q1, Zener diode ZD1, and transistor Q2 enable the voltage setting function of the regulator. When the battery voltage exceeds the set value, the voltage divider formed by resistors R1, R2, and R10 turns on MOSFET Q1, Zener diode ZD1, and transistor Q2, pulling down the gate voltage of switching transistor Q1, turning off Q1, and reducing the magnetizing current. When the battery voltage is below the set value, the voltage divider formed by resistors R1 and R2 is insufficient to turn on MOSFET Q1, Zener diode ZD1, and transistor Q2. The gate voltage of switching transistor Q1 is pulled up through resistors R6 and R7, turning on Q1 and increasing the magnetizing current. This achieves the purpose of stabilizing the output voltage. The set value of the regulated voltage can be changed by adjusting the values ​​of resistors R1 and R2.

[0031] The specific implementation method of the overvoltage protection module is as follows:

[0032] When an abnormal external application causes an overvoltage, it impacts the generator's B+ terminal; or the connection between the battery and the generator's B+ terminal is broken, causing the generator's output voltage to be unable to charge the battery. The battery voltage detected at the S terminal is always lower than the voltage set point, the switching transistor Q1 remains open, the rotor excitation current continues to rise, causing the generator's B+ output voltage to increase continuously, damaging other electrical equipment.

[0033] When the regulator detects that the generator output voltage is higher than a certain set value through the B+ terminal, the overvoltage protection module activates. When the generator output voltage exceeds the set value, the voltage divider between resistors R11 and R12 causes the base voltage of transistor Q5 to exceed the turn-on voltage, thus turning on transistor Q5. In normal operation, transistor Q4 is always on through resistor R10. After the overvoltage protection module activates, the turn-on of transistor Q5 causes the base of transistor Q4 to be at a low potential, turning off transistor Q4. At this time, the voltage divider resistors R2 and R10, which set the regulating voltage, are no longer connected in parallel, and the regulating voltage set value at the S terminal decreases, thereby turning off switching transistor Q1.

[0034] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A single-function voltage regulator for automobiles with overvoltage protection, comprising an overvoltage protection module and a voltage regulation module, characterized in that: The overvoltage protection module includes a B+ terminal, which is used to connect to the output B+ terminal of an external generator. Resistors R9 and R11 are connected to the B+ terminal. Capacitor C5, resistor R12, and resistor R13 are connected to resistor R11. The base of transistor Q5 and one end of capacitor C4 are connected between resistors R11 and R13. The collector of transistor Q5 is connected to the other end of capacitor C4 and the other end of resistor R9. The collector of transistor Q5 is also connected to the base of transistor Q4. The collector of transistor Q4 is connected to one end of resistor R10.

2. The single-function voltage regulator for automobiles with overvoltage protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage regulating module includes a D+ terminal, an F terminal, an E terminal, and an S terminal; The D+, F, and E terminals form the excitation circuit. A diode D1 is connected between the D+ and F terminals and connected to the rotor. The S terminal is connected to an external battery. A switching transistor Q1 is connected between the F and E terminals.

3. A single-function voltage regulator for automobiles with overvoltage protection according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gate of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to a resistor R7 and a Zener diode ZD2. The other end of the resistor R7 is connected to a capacitor C2, the collector of the transistor Q2, and a resistor R6.

4. A single-function voltage regulator for automobiles with overvoltage protection according to claim 3, characterized in that: The other end of the resistor R6 is connected to the negative terminal of the common cathode diode D4. One positive terminal of the common cathode diode D4 is connected to the S terminal, and the other positive terminal is connected to the resistor R8 and connected to the D+ terminal.

5. A single-function voltage regulator for automobiles with overvoltage protection according to claim 4, characterized in that: The base of transistor Q2 is connected to the positive terminal of Zener diode ZD1 and resistor R4. The negative terminal of Zener diode ZD1 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q3. The collector of transistor Q3 is connected to resistor R3 and is connected to the negative terminal of common cathode diode D4.

6. A single-function voltage regulator for automobiles with overvoltage protection according to claim 5, characterized in that: The base of the transistor Q3 is connected to the other end of resistors R1, R2, C1, and R10.

7. A single-function voltage regulator for automobiles with overvoltage protection according to claim 2, characterized in that: The F terminal is connected to a resistor R5 and a capacitor C3 and grounded.

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