Integrated fire extinguishing system of industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet and industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet
By combining a smoke and temperature composite detector, a non-pressurized fire extinguishing device, and a fire detection pipeline in a lithium-ion battery energy storage system, precise and rapid fire extinguishing is achieved. This solves the problems of inaccurate fire extinguishing, low utilization rate of fire extinguishing media, and high cost in existing lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the system.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422886419.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-18
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-11-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing fire suppression systems for lithium-ion battery energy storage systems cannot achieve precise fire extinguishing, have low utilization rates of extinguishing media, and their response speed is slower than the rate of thermal runaway propagation. They also pose leakage risks and are costly, failing to effectively improve safety and reliability.
An integrated fire protection system was designed, including a smoke and temperature composite detector, a non-pressurized fire extinguishing device, and a fire detection pipeline. Combined with a BMS, it can accurately locate the thermal runaway area. It uses atmospheric pressure to store the fire extinguishing medium. The fire detection pipeline automatically bursts and sprays at high temperature, directly contacting the battery module. The battery compartment is equipped with a pressure relief valve to control the pressure.
It achieves precise fire suppression at the compartment level, improves the utilization rate of fire suppression media, reduces maintenance costs, avoids the risk of reignition and explosion, and improves the safety and reliability of lithium-ion battery energy storage systems.
Smart Images
Figure CN223555371U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model belongs to electrochemical energy storage technical field, concretely relates to a kind of integrated fire-fighting system of industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet and industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet. BACKGROUND
[0002] In recent years, renewable energy such as wind, light and water gradually becomes the main force of energy, but due to randomness, volatility and mismatch with power load, a large amount of energy storage is needed to bear peak clipping, time-space conversion. Therefore, power storage is widely used in power generation side, power grid side and user side and other application scenarios. Electrochemical energy storage is a new type of power storage, with long service life, high efficiency, fast dynamic response speed, no geographical condition limitation, energy storage time long or short, etc. It can be used as a flexible adjustment resource in new energy-based new power system. Lithium ion battery energy storage has many advantages such as high energy density, high output power, long charge and discharge life, no pollution, wide working temperature range and small self-discharge, and has occupied an absolute dominant position in electrochemical energy storage. On the other hand, as a new type of high-energy electrochemical energy storage, lithium ion battery energy storage has encountered the greatest challenge in the process of solving human environmental pollution and energy crisis, i.e. safety problem. Lithium ion battery may cause thermal runaway due to material defects, poor process control, control failure and misuse, release a large amount of heat, and then cause thermal runaway to spread, resulting in thermal runaway of the whole energy storage system, and safety accidents such as fire and explosion.
[0003] At present, the main ways to solve the safety problem of lithium ion battery energy storage system include: (1) maintaining or auxiliary management is used to ensure its safety, such as preventing lithium ion battery short circuit, overcharge and overtemperature by lithium ion battery management system; (2) improving lithium battery material or optimizing design to improve the safety of lithium ion battery itself, such as improving the stability of positive electrode material, adding flame-retardant and overcharge-preventing additives in electrolyte, and adopting new type of separator (such as ceramic separator).
[0004] However, due to various factors, the safety problem of lithium ion battery cannot be fundamentally solved at present, so an independent fire-fighting system needs to be set up in lithium ion battery energy storage system.
[0005] At present, the fire-fighting system applied in energy storage cabinet in prior art mainly has the following shortcomings:
[0006] 1. Battery pack level fire-fighting is not considered, precise fire extinguishing cannot be realized, fire extinguishing medium utilization rate is low and the effect is poor;
[0007] 2. Ordinary battery pack-level fire protection uses external fire protection pipelines. It first relies on external sensors on the battery pack to detect the fire. After the BMS receives the alarm signal, it controls the main valve of the fire protection medium container to open and spray the fire extinguishing medium into all battery packs. The medium utilization rate is extremely low, and the fire response speed is not as fast as the thermal runaway spread speed, so it cannot achieve the expected fire protection effect.
[0008] 3. Ordinary fire extinguishing devices use pressurized tanks, with the extinguishing medium pre-charged and pressurized inside the tank, which poses a risk of leakage and has high daily maintenance costs;
[0009] 4. Standard fire-fighting systems use independent piping, sprinklers, and control logic, which are costly and lack sufficient market competitiveness. Utility Model Content
[0010] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is: in order to at least partially or completely solve the problems existing in the fire protection system applied to energy storage cabinets in the prior art, an integrated fire protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets and an industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet are proposed, which greatly improves the safety and reliability of lithium-ion battery energy storage systems.
[0011] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is:
[0012] On the one hand, this utility model provides an integrated fire protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets, which is applied to industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets. The energy storage cabinet includes a battery compartment and an electrical compartment. The battery compartment is equipped with multiple energy storage battery packs. The electrical compartment is equipped with a BMS (Battery Management System).
[0013] The integrated fire protection system includes: fire protection piping, smoke and temperature composite detectors installed in the battery compartment and electrical compartment, and a non-pressurized fire extinguishing device installed in the electrical compartment; the non-pressurized fire extinguishing device stores fire extinguishing medium.
[0014] The smoke and temperature composite detector is electrically connected to the BMS; the fire-fighting pipeline is led out from the non-pressurized fire extinguishing device, passes through the electrical compartment and the battery compartment, and enters the interior of each energy storage battery pack through the battery pack branch pipeline.
[0015] Furthermore, the integrated fire suppression system also includes an explosion relief valve located on the battery compartment.
[0016] Furthermore, the fire-fighting piping includes a flame-retardant flexible hose and a fire detection pipe installed in the electrical compartment, as well as a flame-retardant flexible hose and multiple battery pack branch pipes installed in the battery compartment; one end of the flame-retardant flexible hose in the electrical compartment is connected to the extinguishing medium release port of the non-pressurized fire extinguishing device, and the other end is connected to the fire detection pipe in the electrical compartment; the fire detection pipe in the electrical compartment is connected to the flame-retardant flexible hose in the battery compartment through a first pipe joint; the flame-retardant flexible hose in the battery compartment is connected to each battery pack branch pipe through a second pipe joint.
[0017] Further, the battery pack branch pipeline comprises a fire detection tube and a third pipe joint, the energy storage battery pack comprises a box body and a battery module arranged in the box body, and a fire-fighting pipe interface is arranged on a panel of the box body; the third pipe joint in the battery pack branch pipeline is connected with the fire-fighting pipe interface on the panel of the box body of the energy storage battery pack, so that the fire detection tube in the battery pack branch pipeline enters the inside of the energy storage battery pack and directly contacts all the battery cells of the battery module in the energy storage battery pack.
[0018] Further, the first pipe joint is a right-angle pipe joint, the second pipe joint is a tee pipe joint, and the third pipe joint is a through-wall pipe joint.
[0019] On the other hand, based on the integrated fire-fighting system, the utility model also provides a commercial and industrial energy storage cabinet.
[0020] The utility model has the advantages of:
[0021] (1) The cabin-level fire-fighting is realized: the smoke-temperature composite detector and the fire-fighting pipeline are arranged in the battery cabin and the electrical cabin; under the normal state, the fire extinguishing medium is stored in the non-pressure storage fire extinguishing device; when the BMS detects the thermal runaway in the battery cabin or the electrical cabin according to the smoke-temperature composite detector, the fire-fighting driving signal is output to open the non-pressure storage fire extinguishing device, the non-pressure storage fire extinguishing device is pressurized to release the fire extinguishing medium, so that the fire extinguishing medium is rapidly transmitted through the fire-fighting pipeline to extinguish the fire at the corresponding position.
[0022] (2) The fire detection tube is used in the fire-fighting pipeline as the fire extinguishing medium conveying channel, can rapidly burst at high temperature to spray the fire extinguishing medium, and the process does not need power supply, so that the thermal runaway area is accurately positioned.
[0023] (3) The fire detection tube in the battery cabin enters the inside of each energy storage battery pack in the form of the branch pipeline and directly contacts all the battery cells of the battery module in the energy storage battery pack, so that the fire detection tube is automatically burst at the contact position with the thermal runaway battery cell, the fire extinguishing medium is immediately sprayed, the accurate and rapid fire extinguishing is realized, the thermal runaway is suppressed in the single battery pack, and the thermal runaway does not spread to other battery packs, so that the accurate fire extinguishing of the pack-level fire-fighting is realized, and the utilization rate of the fire extinguishing medium is greatly improved because all the fire extinguishing medium is sprayed at the thermal runaway position.
[0024] (4) Based on the explosion venting valve arranged on the battery cabin, if the thermal runaway in the battery cabin continuously occurs and cannot be controlled, the pressure in the battery cabin rapidly increases to the threshold of the explosion venting valve, the explosion venting device is opened outward, and timely pressure relief is realized, so that the possibility of explosion is reduced.
[0025] In conclusion, the integrated fire extinguishing system provided by the utility model has simple structure, safety and reliability, can timely and effectively detect fire, and accurately deliver fire extinguishing medium to the position of thermal runaway in the first time, so as to suppress or eliminate battery fire in the budding state, prevent disaster expansion, and is especially suitable for application in a large-capacity industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet composed of multiple energy storage battery boxes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic view of the integrated fire extinguishing system in the industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet in the embodiment;
[0027] Figure 2 It is a front view of the industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet in the embodiment;
[0028] Figure 3 It is an interface connection schematic view outside the energy storage battery box in the embodiment;
[0029] Figure 4 It is a pipeline connection schematic view in the electrical cabin in the embodiment;
[0030] Figure 5 It is a fire detection tube path schematic view in the energy storage battery box in the embodiment;
[0031] The reference signs are explained as follows: 1 is an industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet, 2 is an energy storage battery box, 3 is a fire detection tube, 4 is a fire-retardant hose, 5 is a non-pressure storage fire extinguishing device, 6 is a smoke temperature composite detector, 7 is a pressure relief valve, 8 is a wall pipe joint, 9 is a tee joint, 10 is a right-angle pipe joint, 11 is a plug, and 12 is an electric core. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] The utility model aims at at least part or all of the problems existing in the prior art of the fire extinguishing system applied in the energy storage cabinet, and proposes an integrated fire extinguishing system of an industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet and the industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet, which greatly improves the safety and reliability of the lithium ion battery energy storage system.
[0033] In the utility model, the energy storage cabinet includes a battery cabin and an electrical cabin, a plurality of energy storage battery boxes are arranged in the battery cabin, a BMS (battery management system) is arranged in the electrical cabin, the integrated fire extinguishing system includes a fire extinguishing pipeline, a smoke temperature composite detector arranged in the battery cabin and the electrical cabin, and a non-pressure storage fire extinguishing device arranged in the electrical cabin, the non-pressure storage fire extinguishing device stores fire extinguishing medium, the smoke temperature composite detector is electrically connected with the BMS, the fire extinguishing pipeline is led out from the non-pressure storage fire extinguishing device, passes through the electrical cabin and the battery cabin, and enters the inside of each energy storage battery box through the battery box branch pipeline.
[0034] The integrated fire extinguishing system is automatically started when the electric core in the energy storage system is in thermal runaway or the electrical cabin is on fire, and plays a role in precise and rapid fire extinguishing to prevent the thermal runaway of the energy storage system from spreading.
[0035] More specifically, the fire extinguishing pipeline includes a fire-retardant hose and a fire detection tube arranged in the electrical cabin, and a fire-retardant hose and a plurality of battery pack branch pipelines arranged in the battery cabin; one end of the fire-retardant hose in the electrical cabin is connected to the fire extinguishing medium release port of the non-pressure storage fire extinguishing device, and the other end is connected to the fire detection tube in the electrical cabin; the fire detection tube in the electrical cabin is connected to the fire-retardant hose in the battery cabin through a first pipe joint; the fire-retardant hose in the battery cabin is connected to each battery pack branch pipeline through a second pipe joint. The battery pack branch pipeline includes a fire detection tube and a third pipe joint, the energy storage battery pack includes a box body and a battery module arranged in the box body, and a fire extinguishing pipe interface is arranged on the panel of the box body; the third pipe joint in the battery pack branch pipeline is connected to the fire extinguishing pipe interface on the panel of the box body of the energy storage battery pack, so that the fire detection tube in the battery pack branch pipeline enters the inside of the energy storage battery pack and directly contacts all the electric cores of the battery module in the energy storage battery pack.
[0036] In the structural design of the above-mentioned integrated fire extinguishing system, the smoke temperature composite detector is used to detect the temperature and flammable gas concentration in the region, and outputs a thermal runaway signal to the BMS, so as to jointly judge the thermal runaway of the system with the voltage and temperature monitoring collected by the BMS.
[0037] The non-pressure storage fire extinguishing device is used for storing fire extinguishing medium at normal pressure, and after receiving the thermal runaway signal output by the BMS, it rapidly opens the valve to increase the pressure and continuously outputs the fire extinguishing medium. The fire extinguishing medium can be selected from heptafluoropropane, perfluorocyclohexanone or other substances with fire extinguishing properties.
[0038] The fire detection tube is distributed in the energy storage battery pack, the battery cabin branch pipeline and the electrical cabin. The fire detection tube serves as a fire extinguishing medium conveying channel, rapidly bursts at high temperature, and sprays fire extinguishing medium. This process does not require power supply and accurately locates the thermal runaway area.
[0039] In addition, in order to reduce the possibility of explosion caused by the spread of thermal runaway, a pressure relief valve is arranged on the battery cabin, which is used to balance the pressure in the battery cabin. When thermal runaway spreads in the battery cabin and the internal pressure increases sharply to the threshold of the pressure relief valve, the pressure relief device is popped out to relieve pressure in time.
[0040] Based on the above integrated fire extinguishing system, in the normal state, the fire extinguishing medium is stored at normal pressure in the fire extinguishing device. The BMS predicts the thermal runaway of the battery cell in advance according to the temperature and voltage collection, cooperates with the composite detector to monitor the state, and outputs the fire signal to start the non-pressure fire extinguishing device. The non-pressure fire extinguishing device pressurizes and releases the fire extinguishing medium, so that the fire extinguishing medium fills the fire extinguishing tube and the fire extinguishing tube. The fire extinguishing tube is automatically broken at the contact position with the thermal runaway battery cell, and the fire extinguishing medium is immediately sprayed to achieve precise and rapid fire extinguishing and suppress the thermal runaway in a single battery pack. If the BMS does not timely identify the thermal runaway of the battery cell, the composite detector in the battery cabin detects high temperature and flammable gas, and sends a thermal runaway signal to the BMS to output a fire signal to drive the fire action. If a fire occurs in the electrical cabin, the composite detector in the electrical cabin outputs a thermal runaway signal, the non-pressure fire extinguishing device releases the fire extinguishing medium, and the fire extinguishing tube in the electrical cabin breaks and sprays the fire extinguishing medium at high temperature, realizing the electrical cabin level fire extinguishing. In addition, if the thermal runaway in the energy storage battery pack spreads to the battery cabin, the fire extinguishing tube in the battery cabin can break and spray the fire extinguishing medium at the corresponding installation position of the energy storage battery pack, realizing the battery cabin level fire extinguishing; if the thermal runaway in the battery cabin spreads continuously and cannot be controlled, the internal pressure of the battery cabin increases sharply to the threshold of the explosion venting valve, and the explosion venting device is opened outward to relieve the pressure. The above forms an integrated fire extinguishing system for industrial and commercial energy storage.
[0041] Because all the fire extinguishing medium is concentrated at the thermal runaway position and sprayed, the utilization rate of the fire extinguishing medium is greatly improved, the re-ignition situation can be greatly avoided, the battery packs that have not occurred thermal runaway can be unaffected, and the maintenance cost can be greatly reduced. The fire extinguishing medium is stored at normal pressure in the fire extinguishing medium, avoiding the risk of fire extinguishing medium leakage and reducing the daily maintenance cost. Moreover, the fire extinguishing tube has a small volume and does not need to be powered, saving a lot of space and improving the energy density of the system.
[0042] The utility model will be further described below in combination with the drawings and examples.
[0043] Examples
[0044] Reference Figures 1 to 5 A plurality of energy storage battery packs 2 are installed in the battery cabin of the industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet 1, and a non-pressure fire extinguishing device 5 is installed in the electrical cabin of the industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet 1. The fire extinguishing pipeline is composed of a fire extinguishing tube 3, a fire-retardant hose 4, a wall pipe joint 8, a tee pipe joint 9, a right-angle pipe joint 10 and a plug 11. When fire extinguishing is performed, the fire extinguishing medium enters the fire extinguishing tube 3 in the electrical cabin through the fire-retardant hose 4, and then enters the fire-retardant hose 4 in the battery cabin through the right-angle pipe joint 10. The fire-retardant hose 4 is divided into each battery pack branch pipeline by the tee pipe joint 9. Each battery pack branch pipeline is composed of a fire extinguishing tube 3 and a wall pipe joint 8, and the wall pipe joint 8 is connected with the fire extinguishing pipe interface on the panel of the box body of the energy storage battery pack 2, so that the fire extinguishing tube 3 enters the energy storage battery pack 2 and directly contacts with the battery cell 12.
[0045] The BMS predicts thermal runaway of the battery cell 12 in advance according to temperature and voltage collection, cooperates with the smoke temperature composite detector 6 to monitor the state, and outputs a fire-fighting signal to start the non-pressure storage fire extinguishing device 5.
[0046] If the BMS fails to identify thermal runaway of the battery cell in time, when the smoke temperature composite detector 6 in the battery cabin detects high temperature and flammable gas, a thermal runaway signal is sent to the BMS to output a fire-fighting signal to drive the fire-fighting action.
[0047] Similarly, if a fire occurs in the electrical cabin, the smoke temperature composite detector 6 in the electrical cabin outputs a thermal runaway signal, the non-pressure storage fire extinguishing device 5 releases fire extinguishing medium, and the fire detection tube 3 in the electrical cabin breaks and sprays fire extinguishing medium at high temperature to achieve electrical cabin-level fire extinguishing.
[0048] Although the embodiments of the utility model have been described, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the utility model, and all of them are within the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims
1. An integrated fire protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets, applied in industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets, characterized in that, The industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet includes a battery compartment and an electrical compartment. The battery compartment contains multiple energy storage battery packs, and the electrical compartment contains a BMS (Battery Management System). The integrated fire protection system includes: fire protection piping, smoke and temperature composite detectors installed in the battery compartment and electrical compartment, and a non-pressurized fire extinguishing device installed in the electrical compartment; the non-pressurized fire extinguishing device stores fire extinguishing medium. The smoke and temperature composite detector is electrically connected to the BMS; the fire-fighting pipeline is led out from the non-pressurized fire extinguishing device, passes through the electrical compartment and the battery compartment, and enters the interior of each energy storage battery pack through the battery pack branch pipeline.
2. The integrated fire protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated fire suppression system also includes a relief valve located on the battery compartment.
3. The integrated fire protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fire protection piping includes a flame-retardant flexible hose and a fire detection pipe installed in the electrical compartment, as well as a flame-retardant flexible hose and multiple battery pack branch pipes installed in the battery compartment. One end of the flame-retardant flexible hose in the electrical compartment is connected to the extinguishing medium release port of the non-pressurized fire extinguishing device, and the other end is connected to the fire detection pipe in the electrical compartment. The fire detection pipe in the electrical compartment is connected to the flame-retardant flexible hose in the battery compartment through a first pipe joint. The flame-retardant flexible hose in the battery compartment is connected to each battery pack branch pipe through a second pipe joint.
4. The integrated fire protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The battery pack branch pipeline includes a fire detection pipe and a third pipe connector. The energy storage battery pack includes a housing and battery modules installed inside the housing. The panel of the housing is provided with a fire-fighting pipe interface. The third pipe connector in the battery pack branch pipeline is connected to the fire-fighting pipe interface on the panel of the energy storage battery pack housing, so that the fire detection pipe in the battery pack branch pipeline enters the interior of the energy storage battery pack and makes direct contact with all the cells of the battery modules in the energy storage battery pack.
5. The integrated fire protection system for industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The first pipe connector is a right-angle pipe connector; the second pipe connector is a tee pipe connector; and the third pipe connector is a through-wall pipe connector.
6. An industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet, characterized in that, An integrated fire protection system including industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets as described in any one of claims 1-5.