Cylinder cover, engine and vehicle
By rationally allocating machining and casting areas on the cylinder head and combining casting and machining processes, the problems of low production efficiency and high cost of cylinder heads have been solved, the intake and exhaust capacity and combustion efficiency have been improved, and stress concentration and hot spots have been avoided.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422754626.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-18
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-11-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing cylinder heads have low processing efficiency and high cost, and their irregularity leads to a decrease in intake and exhaust capacity, affecting the combustion efficiency and thermal efficiency of the engine.
By rationally allocating machining and casting areas, the cylinder head body and valve passages are machined using casting technology, and machining guide surfaces and valve seat holes are utilized to improve machining accuracy and efficiency and avoid the generation of sharp corners.
It improves cylinder head production efficiency and intake/exhaust capacity, reduces production costs, minimizes stress concentration and hot spots, and avoids knocking and pre-ignition phenomena.
Smart Images
Figure CN223562925U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of the cylinder cover of engine, especially a cylinder cover, engine and vehicle. BACKGROUND
[0002] The cylinder cover is installed on the upper surface of the cylinder body, seals the cylinder from the upper part and constitutes a combustion chamber. It is often in contact with high-temperature and high-pressure gas, so it bears a large thermal load and mechanical load.
[0003] The cylinder cover is also provided with an intake valve seat, an exhaust valve seat and a valve guide hole for installing intake and exhaust valves, as well as an intake passage and an exhaust passage.
[0004] In order to optimize combustion efficiency and reduce exhaust emissions, some cylinder covers have a specific air passage structure and combustion chamber shape to improve fuel combustion efficiency, thereby reducing the generation and emission of exhaust gas. Among them, the cross section of the shed roof structure of the shed roof cylinder cover is triangular, that is, the top surface of the cylinder cover is inclined. This design allows the intake and exhaust pipes to be arranged at different positions of the cylinder cover, forming vortex and tumble flow, thereby forming more uniform mixture in the combustion chamber and improving combustion efficiency. In addition, the inclined design of the top of the cylinder cover helps to better seal the cylinder and reduce gas leakage, further improving combustion efficiency.
[0005] However, due to the irregularity of the shed roof of the shed roof cylinder cover, the full machining form has high machining precision and high space utilization efficiency, and strong intake and exhaust capacity, but it results in low machining efficiency, low cylinder cover production efficiency and high production cost.
[0006] The casting form has high forming efficiency and low cost, but low precision, increased design tolerance range, reduced air passage design space, decreased intake and exhaust capacity, affected engine combustion and reduced thermal efficiency.
[0007] Therefore, how to provide a cylinder cover that can reasonably allocate machining and casting areas, improve production efficiency and reduce production cost while ensuring intake and exhaust efficiency, effectively avoid the generation of sharp corners, thereby reducing stress concentration and reducing hot spots, is a technical problem that needs to be solved by the technical personnel in the field. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS
[0008] Therefore, the utility model provides a cylinder cover that can reasonably allocate machining and casting areas, improve production efficiency and reduce production cost, maximize the design boundary of the intake and exhaust passages, improve the intake and exhaust capacity of the engine, effectively avoid the generation of sharp corners, thereby reduce stress concentration and reduce hot spots. In addition, the utility model also provides an engine and a vehicle with the above-mentioned cylinder cover.
[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides the following technical scheme:
[0010] A cylinder head comprising:
[0011] A cylinder head body having a valve passage, the valve passage having a valve seat hole near a side of the cylinder head body for forming a combustion chamber, the valve seat hole being arranged concentrically with the valve passage;
[0012] The valve passage includes an intake valve passage and an exhaust valve passage, the valve seat hole includes an intake valve seat hole near a side of the intake valve passage for forming the combustion chamber and an exhaust valve seat hole near a side of the exhaust valve passage for forming the combustion chamber; the exhaust valve seat hole and the intake valve seat hole are both located within a profile of the cylinder head body for forming the combustion chamber, the cylinder head body being a cast structure;
[0013] A guide surface, the exhaust valve seat hole and an edge of the cylinder head body for forming the combustion chamber, and the intake valve seat hole and an edge of the cylinder head body for forming the combustion chamber are all connected through the guide surface, the valve seat hole and the guide surface being inclined surfaces machined;
[0014] Preferably, in the cylinder head described above, the profile of the cylinder head body for forming the combustion chamber is recessed towards the center of the cylinder head body between adjacent intake valve passages and between adjacent exhaust valve passages;
[0015] and the profile of the cylinder head body for forming the combustion chamber between adjacent intake valve passages and between adjacent exhaust valve passages is cast.
[0016] Preferably, in the cylinder head described above, the profile of the cylinder head body for forming the combustion chamber is convex towards the outside of the cylinder head body between adjacent intake valve passages and between adjacent exhaust valve passages;
[0017] and the profile of the cylinder head body for forming the combustion chamber between adjacent intake valve passages and between adjacent exhaust valve passages is cast.
[0018] Preferably, in the cylinder head described above, the profile of the cylinder head body for forming the combustion chamber is an arc-shaped edge both outside the intake valve passage and outside the exhaust valve passage;
[0019] The exhaust valve seat hole and the arc-shaped edge outside the exhaust valve seat hole, and the intake valve seat hole and the arc-shaped edge outside the intake valve seat hole are all connected through the guide surface.
[0020] Preferably, in the cylinder head described above, the guide surface is an arc-shaped surface extending along the circumference of the valve seat hole, and the extension length of the guide surface is the same as the length of the arc-shaped edge along the circumference.
[0021] Preferably, in the cylinder head, the guide surface is inclined at an angle of 30°-60° from the valve seat hole to the corresponding arc surface.
[0022] Preferably, in the cylinder head, the diameter of the intake valve passage is greater than that of the exhaust valve passage.
[0023] Preferably, in the cylinder head, one side of the cylinder head body for forming the combustion chamber is a shed top surface.
[0024] An engine comprising a cylinder head, an intake valve and an exhaust valve, wherein the cylinder head is any one of the cylinder heads described above.
[0025] The intake valve is arranged in the intake valve passage, and the exhaust valve is arranged in the exhaust valve passage.
[0026] A vehicle comprising an engine, wherein the engine is the engine described above.
[0027] The cylinder head in the embodiment of the utility model discloses a kind of cylinder heads, cylinder head body, valve passage and combustion chamber are processed using casting process, and guide surface and valve seat hole are processed using the mode of machining, to improve processing efficiency, reduce production cost, and improve the machining precision of guide surface, effectively increase the size of intake and exhaust valve seat hole, ensure the intake and exhaust capacity of engine.In addition, by machining guide surface on the edge of shed top surface of valve seat hole and cylinder head body, the generation of sharp angle can be effectively avoided, so as to avoid the stress concentration problem of sharp angle, and reduce the generation of hot spot, avoid the phenomenon of knock and early ignition. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme in the embodiments of the utility model or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative labor.
[0029] Figure 1 It is a structure diagram of the partial structure of the engine disclosed in the embodiment of the utility model;
[0030] Figure 2 It is a top view structure diagram of the partial structure of the engine disclosed in the embodiment of the utility model;
[0031] Figure 3 It is a structure diagram of the cylinder head of the engine disclosed in the embodiment of the utility model;
[0032] Figure 4Another direction structure schematic view of the cylinder cover of the engine disclosed in the embodiments of the utility model;
[0033] Figure 5 The top view of the cylinder cover of the engine disclosed in the embodiments of the utility model;
[0034] Figure 6 For Figure 5 The section view in A-A direction;
[0035] Figure 7 Another structure of the cylinder cover of the engine disclosed in the embodiments of the utility model.
[0036] Among them, 100 is cylinder cover, 200 is valve;
[0037] 101 is cylinder cover main body, 102 is valve passage, 103 is valve seat circle hole, 104 is guide surface;
[0038] 1011 is first section, 1012 is second section, 1013 is third section, 1014 is fourth section, 1015 is fifth section. Specific implementation
[0039] The utility model discloses a cylinder cover, improves production efficiency, reduces production cost through reasonable distribution machining and casting area, can effectively avoid the generation of sharp angle to reduce stress concentration, reduces hot spot. In addition, the utility model discloses an engine and vehicle with the above-mentioned cylinder cover.
[0040] The technical scheme in the embodiments of the utility model will be described clearly and completely in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Apparently, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by the person skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the protection scope of the utility model.
[0041] Hereinafter, the terms "first", "second" are only used for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more features.
[0042] The cylinder cover is installed on the upper surface of the cylinder body, seals the cylinder from the upper part and constitutes a combustion chamber. It often contacts high-temperature and high-pressure gas, so it bears great thermal load and mechanical load.
[0043] The cylinder cover is also provided with an intake valve seat, an exhaust valve seat and a valve guide hole for installing an intake valve and an exhaust valve, and an intake passage and an exhaust passage.
[0044] In order to optimize the combustion efficiency and reduce exhaust emissions, some cylinder heads can improve the combustion efficiency of fuel through specific air duct structure and combustion chamber shape, thereby reducing the generation and emission of exhaust gas. Among them, the cross section of the shed roof structure of the shed roof cylinder head is triangular, that is, the top surface of the cylinder head is inclined. This design makes the intake pipe and exhaust pipe arranged at different positions of the cylinder head, forming vortex and tumble flow, so as to form more uniform mixture in the combustion chamber, thereby improving the combustion efficiency. In addition, the inclined design of the top of the cylinder head helps to better seal the cylinder and reduce gas leakage, further improving the combustion efficiency.
[0045] However, due to the irregularity of the shed roof of the shed roof cylinder head, the processing efficiency is low, resulting in low production efficiency of the cylinder head and high production cost.
[0046] Based on the above technical problems, as shown in Figure 1 The engine disclosed by the present application comprises a cylinder head 100 and a valve 200. The cylinder head 100 comprises a cylinder head body 101 having a valve passage 102.
[0047] Among them, one side of the cylinder head 100 is used to cooperate with the piston to form a combustion chamber, and the other side is the outer surface of the cylinder. The valve 200 comprises an intake valve (not shown in the figure) and an exhaust valve (not shown in the figure). In some embodiments, two intake valves and two exhaust valves correspond to one combustion chamber.
[0048] The cylinder head 100 has a valve passage 102 for mounting the valve 200. Specifically, the valve passage 102 comprises an intake valve passage (not shown in the figure) and an exhaust valve passage (not shown in the figure). Since the structure of the intake valve passage and the exhaust valve passage is the same, they are not distinguished in the figure. Among them, the intake valve is installed in the intake valve passage, and the exhaust valve is installed in the exhaust valve passage.
[0049] As shown in Figure 2 The side of the cylinder head body 101 for forming the combustion chamber is a shed roof surface (the position for forming the combustion chamber). It should be noted that the cross section of the shed roof structure of the shed roof cylinder head in the present application is triangular, that is, the inner surface of the cylinder head is inclined on both sides. The intake valve passage and the exhaust valve passage are arranged on the inclined surfaces on both sides, so that the intake valve passage and the exhaust valve passage are arranged inclinedly relative to the plane where the cylinder head is located, and then the intake valve and the exhaust valve are arranged inclinedly relative to the plane where the intake valve cylinder head is located.
[0050] Both the intake valve passage and the exhaust valve passage are located in the profile of the shed roof surface, that is, both the intake valve passage and the exhaust valve passage are located in the profile of the cylinder head body 101 forming the combustion chamber. In some embodiments, the valve passage 102 has a valve seat hole 103 near one side of the combustion chamber. The valve seat hole 103 includes an intake valve seat hole and an exhaust valve seat hole, as the structure of the intake valve seat hole and the exhaust valve seat hole is the same, they are not distinguished in the drawings. Among them, the intake valve seat hole is matched with the intake valve, and the exhaust valve seat hole is matched with the exhaust valve.
[0051] It should be noted that the part of the cylinder head that fits with the valve cone surface is called the valve seat, and the temperature of the valve seat is very high, and it also bears a high-frequency impact load, which is easy to wear. Therefore, the aluminum cylinder head and most cast iron cylinder heads are inlaid with valve seat rings made of alloy cast iron or powder metallurgy or austenitic steel. Inlaying the valve seat ring on the cylinder head can prolong the service life of the cylinder head. Some cast iron cylinder heads do not inlay the valve seat ring, but directly process the valve seat on the cylinder head.
[0052] The cylinder head body 101 disclosed in the present application is cast into shape, specifically, a cylinder head body 101 with a valve passage 102 and a valve seat hole 103 is processed by casting process, and during the casting process, the exhaust valve seat hole and the intake valve seat hole are located in the profile of the shed roof surface of the cylinder head body 101.
[0053] As shown in Figs. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The cylinder head 100 also includes a guide surface 104, and the edge of the exhaust valve seat hole and the edge of the intake valve seat hole of the shed roof surface of the cylinder head body 101 are connected through the guide surface 104, and the guide surface 104 is a machined inclined surface.
[0054] It should be noted that the guide surface 104 is an effective measure to cancel the sharp corner and reduce the hot spot and stress concentration, and is a core component of the cylinder head. In some embodiments, the guide surface 104 can be cast together with the combustion chamber, but the casting precision is poor, and a width of ±1mm is needed, because the design boundary is fixed, poor precision will compress the design space of the valve seat hole, resulting in a smaller valve seat hole and a poorer intake and exhaust capacity of the engine.
[0055] In the present application, the guide surface 104 is machined, the machining precision is high, and the precision can be about ±0.1mm, and through machining, the tolerance space can be given to the valve seat hole, so that the valve seat hole can be designed to be larger, thereby improving the intake and exhaust capacity, and the thermal efficiency of the engine will also be improved.
[0056] Combining the above analysis, the cylinder head 100 in the application processes the cylinder head body 101, the valve passage 102 and the combustion chamber by casting process, and processes the guide surface 104 and the valve seat circle hole 103 by machining, so as to improve the processing efficiency, reduce the production cost, and improve the machining precision of the guide surface 104, effectively increase the size of the intake and exhaust valve seat circle hole, and ensure the intake and exhaust capacity of the engine.
[0057] In addition, by machining the guide surface 104 at the edge of the shed top surface of the cylinder head body 101, the generation of sharp corners can be effectively avoided, so as to avoid the stress concentration problem of sharp corners, reduce the generation of hot spots, and avoid the phenomenon of knocking and early combustion.
[0058] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 5 the shed top profile of the cylinder head body 101 is inwardly recessed towards the center of the cylinder head body 101 between adjacent intake valve passages and between adjacent exhaust valve passages, and the shed top profile of the cylinder head body 101 between adjacent intake valve passages and between adjacent exhaust valve passages is formed by casting. Figure 5 For example, the lower two passages are intake passages, and the upper two passages are exhaust passages:
[0059] Among them, the shed top profile of the cylinder head body 101 is a third segment 1013 between the two intake passages, and a fifth segment 1015 between the two exhaust valve passages, and the third segment 1013 and the fifth segment 1015 are both inwardly recessed.
[0060] Since the shed top profile of the cylinder head body 101 has low precision requirements, the casting process can reduce production costs and improve processing efficiency.
[0061] In some embodiments, the shed top profile of the cylinder head body 101 is outwardly convex between adjacent intake valve passages and exhaust valve passages; and the shed top profile of the cylinder head body 101 between adjacent intake valve passages and exhaust valve passages is formed by casting.
[0062] Figure 5 The left profile and the right profile of the shed top are both profiles between adjacent intake valve passages and exhaust valve passages, wherein the left profile is a first segment 1011, which is outwardly convex to the cylinder head body 101, and the right profile can be seen with reference to the first segment 1011.
[0063] In some embodiments, the profile of the cylinder head body 101 forming the combustion chamber is an arc-shaped edge on the outside of the intake valve passage and on the outside of the exhaust valve passage, that is, Figure 5 the second segment 1012 and the fourth segment 1014 are both arc-shaped edges, which can be understood as Figure 5The four top corner positions are arc-shaped edges. Among them, the arc-shaped edge outside the exhaust valve seat circle hole and the arc-shaped edge outside the intake valve seat circle hole are connected through the guide surface 104. It can be understood that the guide surface 104 is a chamfer from the valve seat circle hole to the arc-shaped edge.
[0064] As Figure 7 shown, in some embodiments, the first section 1011 of the shed roof-shaped profile of the cylinder head body 101 can also be a concave shape profile recessed towards the center of the cylinder head body 101. The shape of the shed roof-shaped profile of the cylinder head body 101 can be set according to different needs, as long as the valve seat circle hole machining is completely within the shed roof profile.
[0065] The shed roof-shaped profile of the cylinder head body 101 in this application is processed by casting and machining, which can reduce the processing cost while ensuring the processing precision. In some embodiments, the machining method includes but is not limited to CNC (numerical control machine tool).
[0066] Due to the poor precision of casting, if the cylinder head 100 adopts a full-casting method, the space required by the boundary of the shed roof profile is relatively large. In the case of consistent boundary, in order to ensure sufficient casting deviation, the diameter of the valve seat circle hole will be reduced. The combination of casting and machining can effectively overcome the above problems.
[0067] Combining Figures 3 to 5 It can be seen that the guide surface 104 in this application is an arc-shaped surface extending along the circumference of the valve seat circle hole, and the extension length of the guide surface 104 is the same as the length of the arc-shaped edge along the circumference. By setting the guide surface 104 between the arc-shaped surface and the valve seat circle, the sharp angle between the valve seat circle hole and the shed roof-shaped profile when the valve is arranged obliquely can be reduced, thereby reducing stress concentration and reducing the generation of hot spots, while being able to maintain a relatively large seat circle structure and improve the intake and exhaust flow capacity.
[0068] In some embodiments, the inclination angle of the guide surface 104 from the valve seat circle hole to the corresponding arc-shaped surface is 30°-60°. The inclination angle of the guide surface 104 can be set according to different needs and is within the protection scope.
[0069] As Figure 5 shown, the diameter of the intake valve passage in this application is greater than the diameter of the exhaust valve passage, so as to improve the intake amount, ensure that the engine can work efficiently, and meet the pursuit of speed and performance by the driver.
[0070] Figure 6One shape of the valve seat circle hole 103 is shown in the middle, it needs to be pointed out that the valve seat circle hole 103 can be set according to different needs, including but not limited to setting chamfer at the end of the valve seat circle hole 103 close to the valve passage 102 to further reduce the generation of sharp corners.
[0071] The shape of the valve seat circle hole 103 and the size of the chamfer are not specifically limited, and the valve seat circle hole 103 is cast in this application, and the roof-shaped profile is machined.
[0072] An engine is protected in this application, including a cylinder head, and the cylinder head is the cylinder head disclosed in the above embodiments, therefore, the engine with the cylinder head also has all the technical solutions described above. For other structures of the engine, please refer to the existing known engine.
[0073] In addition, a vehicle is also disclosed in this application, including an engine, wherein the engine is the engine disclosed in the above embodiments, therefore, the vehicle with the engine also has all the technical effects described above, which will not be repeated here.
[0074] The embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other.
[0075] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables a person skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to the embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1. A cylinder head, characterized in that Comprising: a cylinder head body having a valve passage, the valve passage having a valve seat hole near a side of the cylinder head body for forming a combustion chamber, the valve seat hole being concentrically arranged with the valve passage; the valve passage including an intake valve passage and an exhaust valve passage, the valve seat hole including an intake valve seat hole near a side of the intake valve passage for forming the combustion chamber and an exhaust valve seat hole near a side of the exhaust valve passage for forming the combustion chamber; the exhaust valve seat hole and the intake valve seat hole are both located within a profile of the cylinder head body for forming the combustion chamber, the cylinder head body being a cast structure; a guide surface, the exhaust valve seat hole and the intake valve seat hole are both connected with an edge of the cylinder head body for forming the combustion chamber through the guide surface, the valve seat hole and the guide surface being inclined surfaces machined; 2. The cylinder head of claim 1, wherein the profile of the cylinder head body for forming the combustion chamber is recessed towards the center of the cylinder head body between adjacent intake valve passages and between adjacent exhaust valve passages; and the profile of the cylinder head body for forming the combustion chamber between adjacent intake valve passages and between adjacent exhaust valve passages is cast.
3. The cylinder head of claim 2, wherein the profile of the cylinder head body for forming the combustion chamber is protruded towards the outside of the cylinder head body between adjacent intake valve passages and between adjacent exhaust valve passages; the profile of the cylinder head body for forming the combustion chamber between adjacent intake valve passages and between adjacent exhaust valve passages is cast.
4. The cylinder head of claim 3, wherein the profile of the cylinder head body for forming the combustion chamber is an arc edge both outside the intake valve passage and outside the exhaust valve passage; the exhaust valve seat hole and the intake valve seat hole are both connected with the arc edge outside the exhaust valve seat hole and the arc edge outside the intake valve seat hole through the guide surface.
5. The cylinder head of claim 4, wherein the guide surface is an arc surface extending along the circumference of the valve seat hole, and the extension length of the guide surface is the same as the length of the arc edge along the circumference.
6. The cylinder head of claim 5, wherein the inclined angle of the guide surface from the valve seat hole to the corresponding arc surface is 30°-60°.
7. The cylinder head according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the diameter of the intake valve passage is larger than the diameter of the exhaust valve passage.
8. The cylinder head according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the side of the cylinder head body for forming the combustion chamber is a shed roof surface.
9. An engine comprising a cylinder head, an intake valve and an exhaust valve, characterized in that the cylinder head is the cylinder head according to any one of claims 1 to 7; the intake valve is installed in the intake valve passage, and the exhaust valve is installed in the exhaust valve passage.
10. A vehicle comprising an engine, characterized by the engine is the engine according to claim 9.