Quantum random number generator based on linear light sampling

Abstract

The utility model discloses a quantum random number generator based on linear light sampling. The quantum random number generator comprises a signal light generation module, a light sampling module, a detection quantization module and a post-processing module, the optical sampling module comprises a mode-locked laser and an optical mixer; the probing quantization module comprises a plurality of probing quantization units. The utility model discloses a quantum random number generator based on linear light sampling, which is characterized in that a mode-locked laser emits an ultra-short light pulse as sampling light, and the sampling light and signal light generated by a signal light generation module are jointly input into an optical mixer for coherent frequency mixing; the multi-channel output signals of the optical mixer are detected and quantized through the plurality of detection and quantization units, and finally the post-processing module generates a final random number according to the detection and quantization result, so that the timing sequence jitter of an electronic device is effectively overcome, the sampling speed and accuracy are improved, and the practical value is very high.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to quantum random number generator and quantum password cloud technical field, concretely relates to a kind of quantum random number generator based on linear light sampling. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a key element of information security, complex system simulation and data analysis, random number plays an important role. Especially in the field of cryptography and secure communication, high-quality random number generation is crucial for data security.

[0003] Traditional random numbers are mainly generated by algorithms. Although these pseudo-random numbers appear random on the surface, they are predictable in nature and pose a security risk. In contrast, quantum random number generation technology utilizes the inherent uncertainty of quantum mechanics to produce truly random numbers, bringing innovation to the field of information security and ensuring unconditional security.

[0004] Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) is based on quantum effects and is the only truly random number generator that can be theoretically proven to date. In the exploration of physical implementation paths for quantum randomness, the Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) mechanism stands out. This phenomenon occurs in the field of quantum optics, particularly within laser technology and fiber amplifiers, when atoms or molecules return from an excited state to a ground state, releasing photons that carry random information. This naturally occurring, unpredictable process serves as an ideal foundation for building quantum random number generators. In particular, the application of Superluminescent Diodes (SLEDs) has become a focus of academic and industrial research due to their simple structure, direct detectability, and ease of integration, driving the rapid development of ASE-based random number generator technology.

[0005] Currently, with the rapid rise of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things, there is a sharp increase in demand for high-speed, high-entropy random numbers. However, random number generators that rely on high-speed photoelectric conversion and precise electronic sampling are limited by the physical limits of electronic devices, such as timing jitter issues, resulting in insufficient speed and accuracy of sampling, and high costs. SUMMARY

[0006] The utility model proposes a quantum random number generator based on linear light sampling to address the issue of limited speed and accuracy of sampling due to the physical limits of electronic devices in current random number generators.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:

[0008] A quantum random number generator based on linear light sampling, comprising a signal light generating module, a light sampling module, a detection quantization module and a post-processing module;

[0009] The light sampling module comprises a mode-locked laser and an optical mixer;

[0010] The detection quantization module comprises a plurality of detection quantization units;

[0011] The output end of the signal light generating module and the output end of the mode-locked laser are respectively connected with different input ends of the optical mixer, different output ends of the optical mixer are respectively connected with input ends of different detection quantization units, and the output ends of the detection quantization units are respectively connected with different input ends of the post-processing module.

[0012] In the above scheme, the mode-locked laser emits ultrashort light pulses as sampling light, the sampling light and the signal light generated by the signal light generating module are input into the optical mixer to generate coherent mixing, then the multiple output signals of the optical mixer are detected and quantized by the multiple detection quantization units, and finally the post-processing module generates the final random number according to the detection and quantization results, effectively overcoming the timing jitter of electronic devices, improving the speed and accuracy of sampling, and having high practical value.

[0013] Preferably, the signal light generating module comprises a light source, a band-pass filter, a first optical signal amplifier, a polarization controller and an optical isolator;

[0014] The output end of the light source is connected with the input end of the band-pass filter, the output end of the band-pass filter is connected with the input end of the first optical signal amplifier, the output end of the first optical signal amplifier is connected with the input end of the polarization controller, the output end of the polarization controller is connected with the input end of the optical isolator, and the output end of the optical isolator is connected with one input end of the optical mixer.

[0015] Preferably, the light sampling module further comprises a second optical signal amplifier;

[0016] The output end of the mode-locked laser is connected with another input end of the optical mixer through the second optical signal amplifier.

[0017] Preferably, the detection quantization unit comprises a balanced detector and an analog-to-digital converter;

[0018] The input end of the balanced detector is connected with one output end of the optical mixer, the output end of the balanced detector is connected with the input end of the analog-to-digital converter, and the output end of the analog-to-digital converter is connected with one input end of the post-processing module.

[0019] Preferably, the probe quantization unit further comprises a photodetector.

[0020] The input end of the photodetector is connected with the output end of the mode-locked laser, and the output end of the photodetector is connected with the input end of each analog-to-digital converter.

[0021] Preferably, the optical mixer is a 2*8 mixer.

[0022] Preferably, the probe quantization unit has four.

[0023] Preferably, the light source is a superluminescent diode.

[0024] Preferably, the first optical signal amplifier is a first erbium-doped fiber amplifier.

[0025] Preferably, the second optical signal amplifier is a second erbium-doped fiber amplifier.

[0026] The beneficial technical effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0027] The utility model discloses a quantum random number generator based on linear light sampling, emits ultrashort light pulse as sampling light through mode-locked laser, and the signal light generated by signal light generation module and signal light are input into optical mixer to occur coherent mixing, and then the multiple output signals of optical mixer are detected and quantized through multiple probe quantization units respectively, and finally the final random number is generated according to the result of detection and quantization by post-processing module, effectively overcomes the timing jitter of electronic device, improves the speed and accuracy of sampling, and has very high practical value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is the whole structure schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0029] Wherein: 1, signal light generation module;11, light source;12, band pass filter;13, first optical signal amplifier;14, polarization controller;15, optical isolator;2, light sampling module;21, mode-locked laser;22, optical mixer;23, second optical signal amplifier;3, probe quantization module;31, balanced photodetector;32, analog-to-digital converter;33, photodetector;4, post-processing module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the utility model more clearly, the following will be further detailed with examples, but the scope of protection of the utility model is not limited to the following specific examples.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] As Figure 1As shown, a quantum random number generator based on linear light sampling includes a signal light generation module 1, a light sampling module 2, a detection quantization module 3 and a post-processing module 4.

[0033] The light sampling module 2 includes a mode-locked laser 21 and an optical mixer 22.

[0034] The detection quantization module 3 includes a plurality of detection quantization units.

[0035] The output end of the signal light generation module 1 and the output end of the mode-locked laser 21 are respectively connected with different input ends of the optical mixer 22, different output ends of the optical mixer 22 are respectively connected with input ends of different detection quantization units, and output ends of each detection quantization unit are respectively connected with different input ends of the post-processing module 4.

[0036] In the specific implementation process, the mode-locked laser 21 emits ultrashort light pulses as sampling light, the sampling light and the signal light generated by the signal light generation module 1 are input into the optical mixer 22 to generate coherent mixing, then the multi-channel output signals of the optical mixer 22 are respectively detected and quantized by the plurality of detection quantization units, and finally the post-processing module 4 generates the final random number according to the detection and quantization results, effectively overcoming the timing jitter of electronic devices, improving the speed and accuracy of sampling, and having high practical value.

[0037] Embodiment 2

[0038] A quantum random number generator based on linear light sampling includes a signal light generation module 1, a light sampling module 2, a detection quantization module 3 and a post-processing module 4.

[0039] The light sampling module 2 includes a mode-locked laser 21 and an optical mixer 22.

[0040] More specifically, the optical mixer 22 is a 2x8 mixer.

[0041] The detection quantization module 3 includes a plurality of detection quantization units.

[0042] More specifically, the detection quantization unit has four.

[0043] The output end of the signal light generation module 1 and the output end of the mode-locked laser 21 are respectively connected with different input ends of the optical mixer 22, different output ends of the optical mixer 22 are respectively connected with input ends of different detection quantization units, and output ends of each detection quantization unit are respectively connected with different input ends of the post-processing module 4.

[0044] More specifically, the signal light generation module 1 includes a light source 11, a band-pass filter 12, a first optical signal amplifier 13, a polarization controller 14 and an optical isolator 15.

[0045] The output end of the light source 11 is connected with the input end of the band-pass filter 12, the output end of the band-pass filter 12 is connected with the input end of the first optical signal amplifier 13, the output end of the first optical signal amplifier 13 is connected with the input end of the polarization controller 14, the output end of the polarization controller 14 is connected with the input end of the optical isolator 15, and the output end of the optical isolator 15 is connected with one of the input ends of the optical mixer 22.

[0046] More specifically, the light source 11 is a superluminescent diode.

[0047] More specifically, the first optical signal amplifier 13 is a first erbium-doped fiber amplifier.

[0048] In the specific implementation, the light emitted by the superluminescent diode has a relatively wide spectral bandwidth, which can reach tens of nanometers, and has low coherence, and the output light field E S can be expressed as:

[0049]

[0050] wherein the n sp is the spontaneous emission coefficient, h is the Planck constant, v is the light frequency, A is the cross-sectional area of the light wave propagation, ∈ o is the electric constant in free space, c is the light speed, n is the refractive index of the medium, Γ is the confinement factor, g m is the mode gain, α m is the mode loss, and L is the forward and backward light field length. After being filtered by the filter Filter, the output can be expressed as:

[0051]

[0052] wherein f c is the center wavelength of the Gaussian band-pass filter 12, and σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian filter.

[0053] In the specific implementation, the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise signal output by the superluminescent diode is filtered by the band-pass filter 12, then amplified by the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier, and then enters the polarization controller 14 for polarization control, and then enters the optical mixer 22 as a signal light through the isolator.

[0054] More specifically, the light sampling module 2 further comprises a second optical signal amplifier 23.

[0055] The output end of the mode-locked laser 21 is connected with the other input end of the optical mixer 22 through the second optical signal amplifier 23.

[0056] More specifically, the second optical signal amplifier 23 is a second erbium-doped fiber amplifier.

[0057] In the embodiment, the output of the mode-locked laser 21 is in the form of very short pulses, with pulse width in the order of femtoseconds (10-15 seconds) or picoseconds (10-12 seconds), which is often used in super-high-speed optical communication systems; the signal output by the mode-locked laser 21 is amplified by the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier, so that the system achieves the best sampling effect.

[0058] More specifically, the probe quantization unit comprises a balanced detector 31 and an analog-to-digital converter 32.

[0059] The input end of the balanced detector 31 is connected to an output end of the optical mixer 22, the output end of the balanced detector 31 is connected to the input end of the analog-to-digital converter 32, and the output end of the analog-to-digital converter 32 is connected to an input end of the post-processing module 4.

[0060] More specifically, the probe quantization unit further comprises a photodetector 33.

[0061] The input end of the photodetector 33 is connected to the output end of the mode-locked laser 21, and the output end of the photodetector 33 is connected to the input end of each analog-to-digital converter 32.

[0062] In the embodiment, the ultra-short optical pulses generated by the mode-locked laser 21 are as follows:

[0063]

[0064] Since the spectrum of the mode-locked laser 21 is wide and flat enough, the intensity of each frequency component is approximately the same, so E L can be regarded as a constant, φ L is the phase difference between adjacent frequency components, ω d is the angular frequency difference between adjacent frequency components, ω0 is the carrier frequency, and n is the index of each frequency component.

[0065] The ultra-short optical pulses generated by the mode-locked laser 21 are split by the (wavelength division multiplexer), one of which enters the photodetector 33, and the output of the photodetector 33 is used as the clock signal of the analog-to-digital converter 32; the other is amplified by the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier and then enters the 2×8 mixer as the sampling light; the signal light and the sampling light are coherently mixed in the 2×8 mixer.

[0066] Taking the I path as an example, the four output optical signals of the 2×8 mixer are represented as:

[0067]

[0068] The power I 1X of the generated output light E 1X (t) can be represented as:

[0069]

[0070] The output light E generated 1Y The power I 1Y (t) can be expressed as:

[0071]

[0072] Wherein, I N (t) and I S (t) represent signal-independent and signal-dependent terms, respectively, and the output result after differential through the balanced detector 31 only retains the signal-dependent term, thereby realizing sampling of the signal light.

[0073] The output of the 2x8 mixer is converted into an electrical signal by the balanced detector 31, and then enters the analog-to-digital converter 32 for electrical domain quantization; finally, the post-processing module 4 generates the final random number according to the quantization result.

[0074] In the specific implementation process, the balanced detector 31 has a wide range of applications in the field of optical measurement and sensing, and its advantages include high linear response, resistance to light intensity fluctuations, and changes in light polarization, making it an ideal choice for applications with high measurement accuracy and stability requirements.

[0075] The analog-to-digital converter 32 is a low-speed analog-to-digital converter that only quantizes the electrical signal output by the balanced detector 31, without the need for sampling operations, which can effectively reduce the adverse effects of timing jitter of the electronic analog-to-digital converter during sampling on the generation of high-speed random numbers.

[0076] In the specific implementation process, the post-processing module 4 uses the lowest significant bit retention method to retain the last few bits of the output of the analog-to-digital converter 32 each time, in order to reduce output data noise and improve the quality of the output random number.

[0077] According to the disclosure and teaching of the above description, those skilled in the art of the present application can also make changes and modifications to the above embodiments. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and changes to the application should fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present application. In addition, although some specific terms are used in this specification, these terms are only for convenience and do not constitute any limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. A quantum random number generator based on linear optical sampling, characterized in that, It includes a signal light generation module, an optical sampling module, a detection quantization module, and a post-processing module; The optical sampling module includes a mode-locked laser and an optical mixer; The detection quantization module includes multiple detection quantization units; The output of the signal light generation module and the output of the mode-locked laser are respectively connected to different inputs of the optical mixer. The different outputs of the optical mixer are respectively connected to the inputs of different detection and quantization units. The outputs of each detection and quantization unit are respectively connected to different inputs of the post-processing module.

2. A quantum random number generator based on linear optical sampling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal light generation module includes a light source, a bandpass filter, a first optical signal amplifier, a polarization controller, and an optical isolator; The output of the light source is connected to the input of a bandpass filter, the output of the bandpass filter is connected to the input of a first optical signal amplifier, the output of the first optical signal amplifier is connected to the input of a polarization controller, the output of the polarization controller is connected to the input of an optical isolator, and the output of the optical isolator is connected to one of the inputs of an optical mixer.

3. A quantum random number generator based on linear optical sampling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical sampling module also includes a second optical signal amplifier; The output of the mode-locked laser is connected to the other input of the optical mixer via a second optical signal amplifier.

4. A quantum random number generator based on linear optical sampling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection quantization unit includes a balanced detector and an analog-to-digital converter; The input terminal of the balanced detector is connected to one output terminal of the optical mixer, the output terminal of the balanced detector is connected to the input terminal of the analog-to-digital converter, and the output terminal of the analog-to-digital converter is connected to one input terminal of the post-processing module.

5. A quantum random number generator based on linear optical sampling according to claim 4, characterized in that, The detection quantization unit also includes a photodetector; The input terminal of the photodetector is connected to the output terminal of the mode-locked laser, and the output terminal of the photodetector is connected to the input terminal of each analog-to-digital converter.

6. A quantum random number generator based on linear optical sampling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical mixer is a 2×8 mixer.

7. A quantum random number generator based on linear optical sampling according to claim 6, characterized in that, There are four detection quantization units.

8. A quantum random number generator based on linear optical sampling according to claim 2, characterized in that, The light source is a superluminescent diode.

9. A quantum random number generator based on linear optical sampling according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first optical signal amplifier is a first erbium-doped fiber amplifier.

10. A quantum random number generator based on linear optical sampling according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second optical signal amplifier is a second erbium-doped fiber amplifier.

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