Thermal management subsystem for electrolysis system and electrolysis system

Abstract

The utility model provides a thermal management subsystem for an electrolysis system. The thermal management subsystem comprises a first heat exchanger used for being thermally coupled to a discharge pipeline, a second heat exchanger used for being thermally coupled to a supply pipeline and a driving device used for driving a cooling medium to flow. The first and second heat exchangers are arranged on a flow path of a cooling medium to exchange heat with the cooling medium. The drive device is selectively operable in a first mode or a second mode. In the first mode, the driving device drives the cooling medium to flow in the first direction, and the first heat exchanger is located downstream of the second heat exchanger in the first direction. In the second mode, the driving device drives the cooling medium to flow in the second direction opposite to the first direction, and the first heat exchanger is located on the upstream of the second heat exchanger in the second direction. The thermal management subsystem can reduce the energy consumption and the manufacturing cost of the electrolysis system and improve the energy utilization efficiency of the electrolysis system. The utility model further provides an electrolysis system comprising the thermal management subsystem.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates generally to the technical field of electrolysis and thermal management, and in particular to a thermal management subsystem for an electrolysis system and an electrolysis system comprising such a thermal management subsystem. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen has a wide range of applications, covering chemical industry, energy, transportation, electronics and many other fields. There are many ways to produce hydrogen at present, among which electrolysis technology has become a research hotspot in the field of hydrogen production. In addition, with the continuous development of renewable energy such as solar and wind energy, the intermittency and instability of power generation have brought challenges to the power grid. Electrolysis technology can utilize these redundant power to produce hydrogen, so as to convert electrical energy into chemical energy for storage.

[0003] Taking an alkaline solution electrolysis system as an example, the electrolyte is delivered to an electrolysis device, and the electrolysis device electrolyzes the water in the electrolyte. The reaction products (hydrogen and oxygen) and the unconsumed electrolyte are delivered to an electrolyte container and separated from each other. The reaction products are stored. The unconsumed electrolyte is delivered to the electrolysis device again. The electrolysis system further comprises a thermal management subsystem for maintaining the temperature in the electrolysis device at an appropriate level to ensure that the electrolysis reaction can be carried out efficiently and stably.

[0004] In the high-power generation scenario of renewable energy, the electrolysis system produces hydrogen at high power, so as to make full use of the power generated by renewable energy. A large amount of heat generated by the electrolysis reaction is transferred to the electrolyte. In this case, the circulating electrolyte needs to be cooled. For this purpose, the thermal management subsystem comprises a heat sink, which can be arranged on a supply line for delivering the electrolyte from the electrolyte container to the electrolysis device, for example, to cool the electrolyte before it enters the electrolysis device. In the low-power generation scenario of renewable energy, the power generation of renewable energy is small, but the electrolysis system can still produce hydrogen at low power. In this case, the circulating electrolyte needs to be heated to maintain the temperature in the electrolysis device. For this purpose, the thermal management subsystem comprises a heater, which can also be arranged on the supply line, for example, to heat the electrolyte before it enters the electrolysis device. However, equipping separate coolers and heaters will undoubtedly increase the energy consumption and manufacturing cost of the electrolysis system.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the thermal management subsystem of the electrolysis system to overcome the above-mentioned defects. INNOVATION CONTENT

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to propose a thermal management subsystem and a corresponding electrolysis system to overcome at least one of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.

[0007] In one aspect, the application provides a thermal management subsystem for an electrolysis system. The electrolysis system includes an electrolysis device for electrolyzing water in an electrolyte, an electrolyte container for storing the electrolyte, a feed line for delivering the electrolyte from the electrolyte container to the electrolysis device, and a discharge line for delivering reaction products and unconsumed electrolyte from the electrolysis device to the electrolyte container, the thermal management subsystem comprising: a first heat exchanger for thermally coupling to the discharge line; a second heat exchanger for thermally coupling to the feed line; and a driving device for driving a flow of a cooling medium. The first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are arranged in a flow path of the cooling medium for exchanging heat with the cooling medium. The driving device is selectively operable in a first mode or a second mode. In the first mode, the driving device drives the cooling medium to flow in a first direction, and the first heat exchanger is located downstream of the second heat exchanger in the first direction. In the second mode, the driving device drives the cooling medium to flow in a second direction opposite to the first direction, and the first heat exchanger is located upstream of the second heat exchanger in the second direction.

[0008] In some embodiments, the cooling medium is ambient air, the driving device is a fan, and the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are both air-liquid heat exchangers, in the first mode, the fan is forward rotated to flow the ambient air in the first direction, and in the second mode, the fan is reversed to flow the ambient air in the second direction.

[0009] In some embodiments, the fan is disposed between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, and is adjacent to the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger.

[0010] In some embodiments, the cooling medium is a first cooling liquid, the driving device is a first pump, and the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are both liquid-liquid heat exchangers, in the first mode, the first pump is forward rotated to flow the first cooling liquid in the first direction, and in the second mode, the first pump is reversed to flow the first cooling liquid in the second direction.

[0011] In some embodiments, the thermal management subsystem further comprises a cold source and a first coolant circulation circuit, the first pump, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the cold source are connected in series by the first coolant circulation circuit, and the cold source cools the first coolant when the first coolant flows therethrough; in the first mode, the first coolant flows through the cold source, the first pump, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger along the first direction, and the first heat exchanger is located downstream of the second heat exchanger in the first direction with reference to the cold source. In the second mode, the first coolant flows through the cold source, the first pump, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger along the second direction, and the first heat exchanger is located upstream of the second heat exchanger in the second direction with reference to the cold source.

[0012] In some embodiments, the first heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat with the reaction products and the unspent electrolyte delivered from the electrolysis device to the electrolyte container via the discharge conduit by a second coolant.

[0013] In some embodiments, the electrolyte container comprises a hydrogen side electrolyte container and an oxygen side electrolyte container, the discharge conduit comprises a hydrogen side discharge conduit for delivering hydrogen side reaction products and unspent electrolyte from the electrolysis device to the hydrogen side electrolyte container, and an oxygen side discharge conduit for delivering oxygen side reaction products and unspent electrolyte from the electrolysis device to the oxygen side electrolyte container. The thermal management subsystem further comprises: a third heat exchanger configured to be connected on the hydrogen side discharge conduit and being a liquid-liquid heat exchanger; a fourth heat exchanger configured to be connected on the oxygen side discharge conduit and being a liquid-liquid heat exchanger; a second coolant circulation circuit configured to be connected between the first heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger; and a second driving device configured to drive the second coolant to circulate between the first heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger.

[0014] In some embodiments, the second cooling fluid circulation circuit comprises a main branch and first and second sub-branches connected in parallel to the main branch, the first heat exchanger is connected to the main branch, the third heat exchanger is connected to the first sub-branch, and the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the second sub-branch, wherein: the second driving device comprises a second pump connected to the main branch for driving the second cooling fluid to flow, and the thermal management subsystem further comprises a flow regulating device controllable to regulate the proportion of the second cooling fluid flowing through the first sub-branch to the second cooling fluid flowing through the second sub-branch; or the second driving device comprises third and fourth pumps connected to the first and second sub-branches, respectively, for driving the second cooling fluid to flow, and is controllable to regulate the proportion of the second cooling fluid flowing through the first sub-branch to the second cooling fluid flowing through the second sub-branch.

[0015] In some embodiments, the second heat exchanger is connected to the supply circuit, and the thermal management subsystem further comprises a first temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the electrolyte entering the second heat exchanger and / or a second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the electrolyte leaving the second heat exchanger.

[0016] In another aspect, the present application provides an electrolysis system. The electrolysis system comprises: an electrolysis device for electrolyzing water in an electrolyte; an electrolyte container for storing the electrolyte; a supply circuit for conveying electrolyte from the electrolyte container to the electrolysis device; a discharge circuit for conveying reaction products and unconsumed electrolyte from the electrolysis device to the electrolyte container; and the aforementioned thermal management subsystem. The first heat exchanger is thermally coupled to the discharge circuit, the second heat exchanger is thermally coupled to the supply circuit, the driving device is configured to drive the cooling medium to flow, and the first and second heat exchangers are arranged on the flow path of the cooling medium to exchange heat with the cooling medium.

[0017] These techniques can be used alone or in any suitable combination. The foregoing summary is provided in illustrative fashion to provide an overview of some embodiments and should not be construed as limiting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] The above and other aspects of the present application will become more fully understood and appreciated when considered in connection with the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the Figures are merely schematic and are not drawn to scale. Like reference numerals denote like elements throughout the Figures. Additionally, for the purpose of simplicity and clarity, not every component or part of the electrolysis system and its thermal management subsystem according to the present application is shown and / or described in the Figures. It is to be understood that the dimensions, proportions and / or relative placement of the various components or parts in the Figures are not to scale and are merely for illustrative purposes. In the Figures:

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic layout of an electrolysis system according to a first embodiment of the present application, showing the electrolysis system in a high-power hydrogen production mode;

[0020] Figure 2 is a similar schematic layout, but showing the electrolysis system in a low-power hydrogen production mode; Figure 1

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic layout of an electrolysis system according to a second embodiment of the present application, showing the electrolysis system in a high-power hydrogen production mode; and

[0022] Figure 4 is a similar schematic layout, but showing the electrolysis system in a low-power hydrogen production mode. Figure 3

[0023] In Figures 1 to 4 , the piping is represented by solid lines, and the direction of flow of the fluid in the piping is represented by arrows on the solid lines. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Some embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following embodiments, for ease of description, an alkaline solution electrolysis system and its thermal management subsystem are taken as examples to describe the electrolysis system and its thermal management subsystem according to the present application. It should be understood that such examples do not mean any limitation on the present application, and the thermal management subsystem according to the present application can be used for other types of electrolysis systems, such as a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis system, an anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysis system, a solid oxide electrolysis system, etc. Moreover, the features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0025] Figure 1 and Figure 2 shows an electrolysis system 10 according to a first embodiment of the present application. The electrolysis system 10 is an alkaline solution electrolysis system, which uses an alkaline solution (e.g., a potassium hydroxide solution, a sodium hydroxide solution, etc.) as the electrolyte. As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 ​​As shown, the electrolysis system 10 includes an electrolysis device 11 configured for electrolyzing water in an electrolyte to generate hydrogen and oxygen. Specifically, the electrolysis device 11 generally includes a housing and a plurality of single electrolytic cells 11d housed within the housing, where each single electrolytic cell 11d includes cathode and anode plates spaced apart from each other, a cathode electrode in contact with the cathode plate, an anode electrode in contact with the anode plate, and a separator membrane between the cathode and anode electrodes, where the cathode and anode plates can be electrically connected with an external DC power source (not shown) and together with the cathode and anode electrodes are immersed in the electrolyte, while the separator membrane is also immersed in the electrolyte and allows ions to pass through but prohibits gas molecules from passing through.

[0026] Taking one single electrolytic cell 11d as an example, during operation, the electrolyte will be circulated to flow through the single electrolytic cell 11d, and the external DC power source (not shown) will supply DC power to its cathode and anode plates. At the cathode electrode, water molecules are generated into hydrogen molecules and hydroxyl ions due to receiving electrons (i.e., a reduction reaction: 4H2O + 4e - → 2H 2 + 4OH - ) occurs, where the hydrogen molecules are discharged with the electrolyte since they cannot pass through the separator membrane, while the hydroxyl ions pass through the separator membrane from the cathode electrode to the anode electrode driven by the voltage. At the anode electrode, the hydroxyl ions are generated into oxygen molecules and water molecules due to losing electrons (i.e., an oxidation reaction: 4OH - → 2H2O + O 2 + 4e - ) occurs, where the oxygen molecules are discharged with the electrolyte since they cannot pass through the separator membrane.

[0027] According to the same principle, each single electrolytic cell 1 Id can receive electrolyte and, after the above-mentioned electrochemical reaction, discharge electrolyte containing hydrogen gas at the cathode side (i.e. discharge cathode side reaction products and unconsumed electrolyte) and electrolyte containing oxygen gas at the anode side (i.e. discharge anode side reaction products and unconsumed electrolyte). To this end, the electrolysis device 1 1 is provided with a hydrogen gas side (also referred to as cathode side) outlet 1 1 a for discharging electrolyte containing hydrogen gas, an oxygen gas side (also referred to as anode side) outlet 1 1 b for discharging electrolyte containing oxygen gas, and an inlet 1 1 c for receiving electrolyte. The electrolysis device 1 1 is also internally provided with a plurality of sets of flow channels (also referred to as manifolds) which can distribute electrolyte received through the inlet 1 1 c to each single electrolytic cell 1 Id, collect electrolyte containing hydrogen gas discharged by each single electrolytic cell 1 Id at the hydrogen gas side outlet 1 1 a, and collect electrolyte containing oxygen gas discharged by each single electrolytic cell 1 Id at the oxygen gas side outlet 1 1 b. In addition, as by-products of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, heat will also be generated during the above-mentioned electrochemical reaction along with hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, which will be absorbed by the electrolyte and discharged from the electrolysis device 1 1 along with the electrolyte to avoid overheating of the electrolysis device 1 1 during operation, which of course also results in a higher temperature of the electrolyte at the hydrogen gas side outlet 1 1 a and the oxygen gas side outlet 1 1 b than at the inlet 1 1 c.

[0028] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the electrolysis system 10 further comprises an electrolyte container 12 for storing electrolyte and a circulation line 13 for fluidly connecting the electrolysis device 1 1 with the electrolyte container 12. Due to the presence of the circulation line 13, electrolyte can circulate between the electrolysis device 1 1 and the electrolyte container 12. That is, electrolyte can circulate through the electrolysis device 1 1 and the electrolyte container 12. In this configuration, the electrolyte container 12 can supply electrolyte to the electrolysis device 1 1 through the circulation line 13 to enable the electrolysis device 1 1 to utilize the electrolyte and generate hydrogen gas and oxygen gas through the above-mentioned electrochemical reaction, while the electrolysis device 1 1 can discharge electrolyte containing hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to the electrolyte container 12 through the circulation line 13 to enable the electrolyte to be stored in the electrolyte container 12 and the hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to be separated from the electrolyte in the electrolyte container 12. That is, the electrolyte container 12 can also function as a gas-liquid separator to separate hydrogen gas and oxygen gas from electrolyte. As will be described in detail below, the circulation line 13 can comprise a supply line for transporting electrolyte from the electrolyte container 12 to the electrolysis device 1 1 and a discharge line for transporting reaction products and unconsumed electrolyte from the electrolysis device 1 1 to the electrolyte container 12.

[0029] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the electrolyte container 12 can include a hydrogen-side electrolyte container 12a for storing electrolyte containing hydrogen gas and an oxygen-side electrolyte container 12b for storing electrolyte containing oxygen gas. Accordingly, the circulation line 13 can include a hydrogen-side discharge line 13a fluidly connecting the hydrogen-side outlet 11a of the electrolysis device 11 with an inlet 12a1 of the hydrogen-side electrolyte container 12a, an oxygen-side discharge line 13b fluidly connecting the oxygen-side outlet 11b of the electrolysis device 11 with an inlet 12b1 of the oxygen-side electrolyte container 12b, and a supply line 13c fluidly connecting an outlet 12a2 of the hydrogen-side electrolyte container 12a and an outlet 12b2 of the oxygen-side electrolyte container 12b with the inlet 11c of the electrolysis device 11. That is, the outlet 12a2 of the hydrogen-side electrolyte container 12a and the outlet 12b2 of the oxygen-side electrolyte container 12b can be fluidly connected to each other and supply electrolyte to the inlet 11c of the electrolysis device 11 through the same supply line 13c. To this end, as shown, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the electrolysis system 10 further includes an electrolyte pump 14 disposed on the supply line 13c, which can drive electrolyte in the supply line 13c to flow in a direction from the hydrogen-side electrolyte container 12a and the oxygen-side electrolyte container 12b toward the electrolysis device 11, thereby delivering electrolyte in the hydrogen-side electrolyte container 12a and the oxygen-side electrolyte container 12b into the electrolysis device 11. In particular, as shown, Figure 1 and Figure 2 The inlet 12a1 and the outlet 12a2 of the hydrogen-side electrolyte container 12a are disposed at the top and the bottom thereof, respectively, and the inlet 12b1 and the outlet 12b2 of the oxygen-side electrolyte container 12b are also disposed at the top and the bottom, respectively.

[0030] In the above configuration, electrolytes from the hydrogen-side electrolyte container 12a and the oxygen-side electrolyte container 12b can be supplied to the electrolysis unit 11 via the supply line 13c. The electrolysis unit 11 can use these electrolytes to generate hydrogen and oxygen through electrochemical reactions and discharge electrolytes containing hydrogen (i.e., hydrogen-side reaction products and unconsumed electrolytes) and electrolytes containing oxygen (i.e., oxygen-side reaction products and unconsumed electrolytes). The hydrogen-containing electrolytes from the electrolysis unit 11 can be supplied to the hydrogen-side electrolyte container 12a via the hydrogen-side discharge line 13a, where hydrogen and electrolytes are separated and electrolytes are stored. Similarly, the oxygen-containing electrolytes from the electrolysis unit 11 can be supplied to the oxygen-side electrolyte container 12b via the oxygen-side discharge line 13b, where oxygen and electrolytes are separated and electrolytes are stored. The hydrogen-side electrolyte container 12a and the oxygen-side electrolyte container 12b may also include a hydrogen outlet 12a3 and an oxygen outlet 12b3 located at the top, respectively, for allowing the separated hydrogen and oxygen to be transported downstream for purification and storage.

[0031] Water in the electrolyte is consumed during electrolysis. Although not shown, it is conceivable that the electrolysis system 10 may also include a water replenishment device for adding water to the electrolysis system 10, thereby maintaining the electrolyte concentration in the electrolysis system 10 at a suitable level. For example, the water replenishment device may be connected to the oxygen-side electrolyte container 12b to replenish water therein.

[0032] As mentioned earlier, for example, in high-power renewable energy generation scenarios, the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at high power, and the large amount of heat generated by the electrolysis reaction is absorbed by the electrolyte and discharged from the electrolysis unit 11 along with the electrolyte. The electrolyte transported in the circulation pipeline 13 needs to be cooled to maintain the temperature in the electrolysis unit 11 at a suitable level. Furthermore, for example, in low-power renewable energy generation scenarios, when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at low power, the electrolyte transported in the circulation pipeline 13, especially the electrolyte about to enter the electrolysis unit 11, needs to be heated to maintain the temperature in the electrolysis unit 11 at a suitable level.

[0033] For this purpose, the electrolysis system 10 includes a thermal management subsystem 100, which is configured to be able to [redacted] when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at high power. Figure 1 The first thermal management mode shown operates to cool the electrolyte transported in the circulation line 13 and is capable of producing hydrogen at low power in the electrolysis system 10. Figure 2 The second thermal management mode shown is used to heat the electrolyte that is about to enter the electrolysis unit 11.

[0034] Please continue reading Figure 1 andFigure 2 The thermal management subsystem 100 comprises a first heat exchanger 110 thermally coupled to the discharge line of the circulation line 13, a second heat exchanger 120 thermally coupled to the supply line (i.e. "13c" in the figure) of the circulation line 13, and a driving device 105 for driving the flow of the cooling medium.

[0035] The first heat exchanger 110 being thermally coupled to the discharge line of the circulation line 13 means that heat exchange can occur between the first heat exchanger 110 and the reaction products and the unconsumed electrolyte flowing through the discharge line when the reaction products and the unconsumed electrolyte from the electrolysis device 11 flow through the discharge line. The first heat exchanger 110 can be thermally coupled to the discharge line directly or indirectly in any suitable manner. For example, the first heat exchanger 110 can be connected to the discharge line. For another example, as will be described in detail below, another heat exchanger can be provided on the discharge line, which heat exchanger is configured to be able to exchange heat directly or indirectly with the first heat exchanger 110 in any suitable manner.

[0036] The second heat exchanger 120 being thermally coupled to the supply line of the circulation line 13 means that heat exchange can occur between the second heat exchanger 120 and the electrolyte flowing through the supply line when the electrolyte from the electrolyte container 12 flows through the supply line. The second heat exchanger 120 can be thermally coupled to the supply line directly or indirectly in any suitable manner. For example, as will be described in detail below, the second heat exchanger 120 can be connected to the supply line. For another example, another heat exchanger can be provided on the supply line, which heat exchanger is configured to be able to exchange heat directly or indirectly with the second heat exchanger 120 in any suitable manner.

[0037] In Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the arrow AR1 and the arrow AR2 are used to indicate the flow direction of the cooling medium. As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120 are arranged on the flow path of the cooling medium to exchange heat with the cooling medium. The driving device 105 can selectively operate in a first mode as shown in Figure 1 or a second mode as shown in Figure 2 . Specifically, when the electrolysis system 10 is operating at high power to produce hydrogen, the driving device 105 operates in the first mode as shown in Figure 1 , so that the thermal management subsystem 100 operates in the first thermal management mode, and when the electrolysis system 10 is operating at low power to produce hydrogen, the driving device 105 operates in the second mode as shown in Figure 1 , so that the thermal management subsystem 100 operates in the second thermal management mode.

[0038] As shown in Figure 2As shown, when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at high power, the temperature of the reaction products and unconsumed electrolyte (hereinafter referred to as the "mixed stream") flowing out of the electrolysis unit 11 is relatively high, for example, approximately 95°C. The mixed stream is conveyed to the electrolyte container 12 via a discharge line. Subsequently, the unconsumed electrolyte (e.g., together with replenished water) is supplied to the electrolysis unit 11 via a supply line, thereby achieving the recycling of the unconsumed electrolyte. As the electrolysis system 10 operates, the temperature of the electrolyte in the supply line also becomes relatively high, for example, approximately 75°C. The temperature of the electrolyte conveyed in the supply line is lower than the temperature of the mixed stream conveyed in the discharge line. Under these operating conditions, it is necessary to cool the electrolyte conveyed in the supply line and the mixed stream conveyed in the discharge line to maintain the temperature in the electrolysis unit 11 at a suitable level and to promote the gas-liquid separation of the reaction products and the unconsumed electrolyte. Specifically, cooling the electrolyte transported in the supply line lowers the temperature of the electrolyte entering the inlet 11c of the electrolysis unit 11, thereby maintaining the temperature within the electrolysis unit 11 at a suitable level. Furthermore, cooling the mixed stream transported in the discharge line lowers the temperature of the mixed stream entering the electrolyte container 12, thereby promoting gas-liquid separation of reaction products and unconsumed electrolyte. Additionally, lowering the temperature of the mixed stream entering the electrolyte container 12 also helps maintain the temperature within the electrolysis unit 11 at a suitable level.

[0039] Therefore, when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at high power, the drive unit 105... Figure 2 The first mode of operation, as shown, drives the cooling medium to flow in a first direction as indicated by arrow AR1. In this case, the first heat exchanger 110 is located downstream of the second heat exchanger 120 in the first direction. That is, for both the first and second heat exchangers 110 and 120, the cooling medium flows through the second heat exchanger 120 first and then through the first heat exchanger 110. In this way, the cooling medium can first cool the electrolyte transported in the supply line and then cool the mixed flow transported in the discharge line (note that this is possible because the temperature of the electrolyte transported in the supply line is lower than the temperature of the mixed flow transported in the discharge line). In other words, the thermal management subsystem 100 can use the same cooling medium and the same drive device 105 to cool both the electrolyte transported in the supply line and the mixed flow transported in the discharge line when the electrolysis system 10 is producing hydrogen at high power.

[0040] like Figure 1As shown, when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at low power, the temperature of the mixed stream (i.e., reaction products and unconsumed electrolyte) flowing out of the electrolysis unit 11 is reduced, for example, to approximately 80°C. The mixed stream is conveyed to the electrolyte container 12 via a discharge line. Subsequently, the unconsumed electrolyte (e.g., along with replenished water) is supplied to the electrolysis unit 11 via a supply line, thereby achieving the recycling of the unconsumed electrolyte. Since the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at low power, the temperature of the electrolyte in the supply line is also reduced, for example, to approximately 45°C. However, the temperature of the electrolyte conveyed in the supply line is still lower than the temperature of the mixed stream conveyed in the discharge line. Under these conditions, it is necessary to heat the electrolyte conveyed in the supply line to maintain the temperature in the electrolysis unit 11 at a suitable level, and to cool the mixed stream conveyed in the discharge line to promote the gas-liquid separation of the reaction products and the unconsumed electrolyte. Specifically, heating the electrolyte transported in the supply line increases the temperature of the electrolyte entering the inlet 11c of the electrolysis unit 11, thereby maintaining the temperature in the electrolysis unit 11 at a suitable level. Furthermore, cooling the mixed stream transported in the discharge line lowers the temperature of the mixed stream entering the electrolyte container 12, thereby promoting the gas-liquid separation of reaction products and unconsumed electrolyte.

[0041] Therefore, when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at low power, the drive unit 105... Figure 2 The second mode of operation, as shown, drives the cooling medium to flow in a second direction, as indicated by arrow AR2, opposite to the first direction. In this case, the first heat exchanger 110 is located upstream of the second heat exchanger 120 in the second direction. That is, for both the first and second heat exchangers 110, the cooling medium flows through the first heat exchanger 110 first and then through the second heat exchanger 120. In this way, the cooling medium can first cool the mixed flow transported in the discharge line, and the temperature of the cooling medium can thus be raised to a temperature higher than that of the electrolyte transported in the supply line, for example, to about 55°C. In other words, the mixed flow transported in the discharge line can heat the cooling medium to a temperature higher than that of the electrolyte transported in the supply line. Subsequently, the heated cooling medium can heat the electrolyte transported in the supply line. In other words, the thermal management subsystem 100 can use the same cooling medium and the same drive device 105 to cool the mixed flow transported in the discharge line and heat the electrolyte transported in the supply line when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at low power. More precisely, the thermal management subsystem 100 is able to recover the waste heat of the mixed stream transported in the discharge line when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at low power, and use the waste heat to heat the electrolyte transported in the supply line.

[0042] With this configuration, the thermal management subsystem 100 can (i) cool both the electrolyte transported in the supply line and the mixed stream transported in the discharge line using the same cooling medium and the same drive unit 105 when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at high power, and (ii) cool the mixed stream transported in the discharge line and recover its waste heat using the same cooling medium and the same drive unit 105 when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at low power, and use the recovered waste heat to heat the electrolyte transported in the supply line. The thermal management subsystem 100 can reduce the energy consumption and manufacturing cost of the electrolysis system 10, and improve the energy utilization efficiency of the electrolysis system 10.

[0043] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the cooling medium is ambient air, and the drive unit 105 is a fan. Accordingly, both the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120 are gas-liquid heat exchangers.

[0044] In the first mode, the fan rotates forward to cause ambient air to flow in the first direction as indicated by arrow AR1. Since the first heat exchanger 110 is downstream of the second heat exchanger 120 in the first direction, the ambient air flows through the second heat exchanger 120 before flowing through the first heat exchanger 110, relative to the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120. Because the temperature of the electrolyte transported in the supply line is lower than the temperature of the mixed flow transported in the discharge line, the ambient air can first cool the electrolyte transported in the supply line and then cool the mixed flow transported in the discharge line.

[0045] In the second mode, the fan reverses direction to direct ambient air in the second direction as indicated by arrow AR2. Since the first heat exchanger 110 is upstream of the second heat exchanger 120 in this second direction, the cooling medium flows through the first heat exchanger 110 first, then through the second heat exchanger 120. Because the temperature of the mixed flow transported in the discharge line is higher than the temperature of the electrolyte transported in the supply line, the ambient air can first cool the mixed flow transported in the discharge line, and the temperature of the ambient air can thus be raised above the temperature of the electrolyte transported in the supply line. Subsequently, the heated ambient air can heat the electrolyte transported in the supply line.

[0046] For example, the fan motor can be a reversible motor, capable of rotating in either direction. Forward and reverse rotation refer to rotations in opposite directions. For instance, forward rotation represents clockwise rotation, while reverse rotation represents counter-clockwise rotation, but this application is not limited to this. By reversing the motor's direction, the fan blades can be rotated in either direction accordingly, thereby driving ambient air to flow in a first or second direction.

[0047] Using ambient air as the cooling medium reduces the number of pipes and components in the thermal management subsystem 100, thereby lowering its cost and space requirements, and improving the ease of installation and maintenance. Furthermore, this forced convection method provides higher cooling and heating efficiency.

[0048] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a fan (referred to as "105" in the figure) is positioned between and adjacent to the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120. "Adjacent" means that the fan is positioned close to the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120 along the flow path of the cooling medium, without any other structures or devices obstructing the flow of the cooling medium. For example, the fan can be positioned directly next to or against the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120 along the flow path of the cooling medium. This configuration allows for a compact layout of the thermal management subsystem 100.

[0049] In other embodiments, the fan may be located on one side of the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120. For example, it may be located upstream of the second heat exchanger 120 in the first direction, or downstream of the first heat exchanger 110 in the first direction.

[0050] In some embodiments, the first heat exchanger 110 can indirectly exchange heat with a mixed flow delivered in a discharge line via a coolant. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the thermal management subsystem 100 further includes: a third heat exchanger 130, a fourth heat exchanger 140, a coolant circulation pipeline 150 connecting the first heat exchanger 110 with the third heat exchanger 130 and the fourth heat exchanger 140, and a second drive unit (e.g., Figure 1 and Figure 2"161" and "162"). The third heat exchanger 130 is connected to the hydrogen side discharge line 13a and is a liquid-liquid heat exchanger. The fourth heat exchanger 140 is connected to the oxygen side discharge line 13b and is also a liquid-liquid heat exchanger. The first heat exchanger 110 is in fluid communication with the third heat exchanger 130 and the fourth heat exchanger 140 through a cooling liquid circulation line 150. A second driving device is used to drive the circulation of the cooling liquid between the first heat exchanger 110 and the third heat exchanger 130 and the fourth heat exchanger 140. When the hydrogen side reaction product and the unspent electrolyte (hereinafter referred to as "hydrogen side mixed stream") from the electrolysis device 11 flows through the hydrogen side discharge line 13a, heat exchange can occur between the cooling liquid and the hydrogen side mixed stream at the third heat exchanger 130. When the oxygen side reaction product and the unspent electrolyte (hereinafter referred to as "oxygen side mixed stream") from the electrolysis device 11 flows through the oxygen side discharge line 13b, heat exchange can occur between the cooling liquid and the oxygen side mixed stream at the fourth heat exchanger 140. In addition, regardless of whether the thermal management subsystem 100 operates in the first thermal management mode as shown in Figure 1 or the second thermal management mode as shown in Figure 2 , the cooling liquid can be cooled by the cooling medium when it flows through the first heat exchanger 110. With this configuration, the first heat exchanger 110 can exchange heat with the hydrogen side mixed stream delivered in the hydrogen side discharge line 13a and the oxygen side mixed stream delivered in the oxygen side discharge line 13b through the cooling liquid. This configuration can make the layout of the thermal management subsystem 100 more flexible. In addition, this configuration allows the thermal management subsystem 100 to be easily retrofitted to an existing electrolysis system.

[0051] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the cooling liquid circulation line 150 includes a main line 150c and a first branch line 150a and a second branch line 150b connected in parallel to the main line 150c. Specifically, the main line 150c can include a first node N1 and a second node N2 separated from each other. The first branch line 150a and the second branch line 150b can be connected in parallel between the first node N1 and the second node N2. The first heat exchanger 110 is connected to the main line 150c, the third heat exchanger 130 is connected to the first branch line 150a, and the fourth heat exchanger 140 is connected to the second branch line 150b. That is, the third heat exchanger 130 is connected to the hydrogen side discharge line 13a and the first branch line 150a of the cooling liquid circulation line 150, so as to achieve heat exchange between the cooling liquid and the hydrogen side mixed stream. The fourth heat exchanger 140 is connected to the oxygen side discharge line 13b and the second branch line 150b of the cooling liquid circulation line 150, so as to achieve heat exchange between the cooling liquid and the oxygen side mixed stream.

[0052] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 andFigure 2 As shown, the second driving device can include a pump 161 and a pump 162, which are connected to the first branch 150a and the second branch 150b respectively, for driving the flow of the cooling liquid. The two pumps are controllable (e.g., by a controller) to adjust the ratio of the cooling liquid flowing through the first branch 150a to that flowing through the second branch 150b. With this configuration, the cooling of the hydrogen-side mixed stream and the oxygen-side mixed stream can be precisely adjusted.

[0053] It is contemplated that in other partial embodiments, the second driving device can include a single pump connected to the main branch 150c for driving the flow of the cooling liquid, and the thermal management subsystem 100 can include a flow regulating device that is controllable to adjust the ratio of the cooling liquid flowing through the first branch 150a to that flowing through the second branch 150b. For example, the flow regulating device can be a three-way regulating valve disposed at the first node or the second node. As another example, the flow regulating device can include two regulating valves disposed on the first branch 150a and the second branch 150b respectively. With this configuration, the cooling of the hydrogen-side mixed stream and the oxygen-side mixed stream can also be precisely adjusted.

[0054] Further, in other partial embodiments, the first heat exchanger 110 can be connected to the exhaust line to directly exchange heat with the mixed streams conveyed in the exhaust line. Specifically, the first heat exchanger 110 can be connected to the hydrogen-side exhaust line 13a and the oxygen-side exhaust line 13b (or in other words, the hydrogen-side exhaust line 13a and the oxygen-side exhaust line 13b can extend through the first heat exchanger 110) to enable heat exchange therebetween when the aforementioned cooling medium and the hydrogen-side mixed stream and the oxygen-side mixed stream flow through the first heat exchanger 110.

[0055] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 The second heat exchanger 120 can be connected to the supply line 13c to directly exchange heat with the electrolyte conveyed in the supply line 13c. It is contemplated that in other partial embodiments, the second heat exchanger 120 can also indirectly exchange heat with the electrolyte conveyed in the supply line 13c through the cooling liquid, like the first heat exchanger 110. For brevity, details of these similar contents will not be repeated.

[0056] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the thermal management subsystem 100 can comprise a first temperature sensor 171 for detecting the temperature of the electrolyte entering the second heat exchanger 120 and / or a second temperature sensor 172 for detecting the temperature of the electrolyte exiting the second heat exchanger 120. With this configuration, it is possible to select the thermal management mode of the thermal management subsystem 100 (i.e. Figure 3 the first thermal management mode or Figure 4 the second thermal management mode) by means of the measurement of either of the first temperature sensor 171 and the second temperature sensor 172. For example, when the measurement is higher than or equal to a predetermined threshold, it is indicated that the electrolyte conveyed in the feed line 13c needs to be cooled, thus causing the thermal management subsystem 100 to operate in the Figure 1 first thermal management mode. Whereas, when the measurement is lower than the predetermined threshold, it is indicated that the electrolyte conveyed in the feed line 13c needs to be heated, thus causing the thermal management subsystem 100 to operate in the Figure 2 second thermal management mode. Moreover, it is possible to finely adjust the operation of the driving device 105 based on the measurement of the first temperature sensor 171 and / or the second temperature sensor 172, thus finely adjusting the temperature of the electrolyte to be fed into the electrolytic device 11.

[0057] Figure 1 and Figure 2 An electrolytic system 10’ according to a second embodiment of the present application is shown. Figures 3 to 4 and Figure 3 The configuration and the operating principle of the electrolytic system 10’ are similar to those of the electrolytic system 10 shown in Figure 4 and Figure 3 Therefore, for the components or parts of the electrolytic system 10’ that are identical or similar to those of the electrolytic system 10, the reference numerals of the components or parts of the electrolytic system 10 shown in Figure 4 and Figure 3 will be used to designate the identical or similar components or parts of the electrolytic system 10’ in Figure 4 For the sake of brevity, the details of the configuration and the operating principle of these identical or similar components or parts will not be repeated and the unique features of the electrolytic system 10’ will be highlighted hereinafter by comparing the electrolytic system 10’ with the electrolytic system 10.

[0058] The electrolytic system 10’ differs from the electrolytic system 10 in that the cooling medium of the thermal management subsystem and the driving device for driving the flow of the cooling medium are different. In ​ and ​ the thermal management subsystem of the electrolytic system 10’ is designated with “100’” and the driving device of the thermal management subsystem 100’ is designated with “105’”.

[0059] In the thermal management subsystem 100', a coolant (which may be the same as or different from the coolant in the coolant circulation line 150, for example, it may be water) is used as the cooling medium, a pump is used as the driving device 105', and the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120 are both liquid-liquid heat exchangers and are arranged in the flow path of the coolant to exchange heat with the coolant.

[0060] In some embodiments, such as ​ and ​ As shown, the thermal management subsystem 100' may include a cold source 180 and a coolant circulation line 190. The drive unit (i.e., pump) 105', the first heat exchanger 110, the second heat exchanger 120, and the cold source 180 are connected in series via the coolant circulation line 190. The cold source 180 cools the coolant as it flows through it. For example, the cold source can be any suitable cooler. Alternatively, the cold source can be the ground. Due to the presence of the coolant circulation line 190, the coolant can circulate between the cold source 180 and the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120.

[0061] Similar to the drive unit 105 of the thermal management subsystem 100, the drive unit 105' of the thermal management subsystem 100' can selectively operate in a first mode or a second mode.

[0062] Specifically, when the electrolysis system 10' produces hydrogen at high power, the drive unit 105'... ​ The first operating mode shown drives the coolant to flow in a first direction as indicated by arrow AR3. In this mode, the coolant flows along the first direction through the cold source 180, the first heat exchanger 110, the second heat exchanger 120, and the drive unit (i.e., pump) 105', with the cold source 180 as a reference, and the first heat exchanger 110 is located downstream of the second heat exchanger 120 in the first direction. That is, for the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120, the coolant flows through the second heat exchanger 120 first, and then through the first heat exchanger 110. In this way, the coolant can first cool the electrolyte transported in the supply line, and then cool the mixed flow transported in the discharge line. Similar to the thermal management subsystem 100, the thermal management subsystem 100' can utilize the same coolant and the same drive unit 105' to cool both the electrolyte transported in the supply line and the mixed flow transported in the discharge line when the electrolysis system 10' is producing hydrogen at high power.

[0063] When the electrolysis system 10' produces hydrogen at low power, the drive unit 105'... ​The second mode is shown to drive the coolant to flow in a second direction opposite to the first direction as indicated by arrow AR4. In this case, the coolant flows through the cold source 180, the first heat exchanger 110, the second heat exchanger 120 and the driving device (i.e., pump) 105' in the second direction, and with the cold source 180 as reference, the first heat exchanger 110 is upstream of the second heat exchanger 120 in the second direction. That is, for the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120, the coolant flows through the first heat exchanger 110 first and then through the second heat exchanger 120. In this way, the coolant can cool the mixed stream delivered in the exhaust conduit first, and the temperature of the coolant can therefore be raised to be higher than the temperature of the electrolyte delivered in the supply conduit. In other words, the mixed stream delivered in the exhaust conduit can heat the coolant to be higher than the temperature of the electrolyte delivered in the supply conduit. Subsequently, the heated coolant can heat the electrolyte delivered in the supply conduit. In other words, the thermal management subsystem 100' is capable of cooling the mixed stream delivered in the exhaust conduit and heating the electrolyte delivered in the supply conduit using the same coolant and the same driving device 105' when the electrolysis system 10' is producing hydrogen at low power. More specifically, the thermal management subsystem 100' is capable of recovering the waste heat of the mixed stream delivered in the exhaust conduit and using the waste heat to heat the electrolyte delivered in the supply conduit when the electrolysis system 10' is producing hydrogen at low power.

[0064] With this configuration, the thermal management subsystem 100' is capable of (i) cooling both the electrolyte delivered in the supply conduit and the mixed stream delivered in the exhaust conduit using the same coolant and the same driving device 105' when the electrolysis system 10' is producing hydrogen at high power, and (ii) cooling the mixed stream delivered in the exhaust conduit using the same coolant and the same driving device 105' and recovering the waste heat thereof when the electrolysis system 10' is producing hydrogen at low power, and using the recovered waste heat to heat the electrolyte delivered in the supply conduit. The thermal management subsystem 100 is capable of reducing the energy consumption and manufacturing cost of the electrolysis system 10', and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the electrolysis system 10.

[0065] In other embodiments, the coolant can not be circulated between the cold source 180 and the first heat exchanger 110, the second heat exchanger 120, but flow in one direction. For example, the first heat exchanger 110, the second heat exchanger 120, the cold source 180 and the coolant circulation conduit 190 can be configured in a similar way as a seawater source heat pump. It should be understood that the present application is not limited thereto.

[0066] It should be understood that while the above describes the electrolysis systems 10 and 10’ producing hydrogen using electricity generated by renewable energy sources, it should be understood that the source of electricity for the electrolysis systems 10 and 10’ is not limited thereto. Accordingly, the first and second thermal management modes of the thermal management subsystems 100 and 100’ are not limited to being engaged in high power and low power generation scenarios of renewable energy sources.

[0067] In this application, the terms “first”, “second”, etc. are used only to distinguish one component, line, or mode from another, but the components, lines, and modes should not be limited by such terms.

[0068] The present application has been described in detail above with specific reference to particular embodiments. It is clear, however, to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the present application, and it is to be understood that all such modifications and changes are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A thermal management subsystem (100, 100') for an electrolysis system (10, 10'), characterized by, The electrolysis system includes an electrolysis device (11) for electrolyzing water in an electrolyte, an electrolyte container (12) for storing the electrolyte, a supply line (13c) for transporting the electrolyte from the electrolyte container to the electrolysis device, and a discharge line for transporting reaction products and unspent electrolyte from the electrolysis device to the electrolyte container, the thermal management subsystem includes: a first heat exchanger (110) thermally coupled on the discharge line; a second heat exchanger (120) thermally coupled on the supply line; and a driving device (105, 105') for driving a flow of a cooling medium, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are arranged on a flow path of the cooling medium to exchange heat with the cooling medium, and the driving device is capable of selectively operating in a first mode or a second mode, wherein: in the first mode, the driving device drives the cooling medium to flow in a first direction, and the first heat exchanger is located downstream of the second heat exchanger in the first direction; and in the second mode, the driving device drives the cooling medium to flow in a second direction opposite to the first direction, and the first heat exchanger is located upstream of the second heat exchanger in the second direction.

2. The thermal management subsystem of claim 1, wherein: the cooling medium is ambient air, the driving device is a fan, and the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are both air-liquid heat exchangers; and in the first mode, the fan is forward rotated to make the ambient air flow in the first direction, and in the second mode, the fan is reversed to make the ambient air flow in the second direction.

3. The thermal management subsystem of claim 2, wherein: the fan is disposed between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, and is in close proximity to the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger.

4. The thermal management subsystem of claim 1, wherein: the cooling medium is a first cooling liquid, the driving device is a first pump, and the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are both liquid-liquid heat exchangers; and in the first mode, the first pump is forward rotated to make the first cooling liquid flow in the first direction, and in the second mode, the first pump is reversed to make the first cooling liquid flow in the second direction.

5. The thermal management subsystem of claim 4, wherein: the thermal management subsystem further includes a cold source (180) and a first cooling liquid circulation line (190), the first pump, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, and the cold source are connected in series by the first cooling liquid circulation line, and the cold source cools the first cooling liquid when the first cooling liquid flows therethrough. ​ ​ in the first mode, the first coolant flows through the cold source, the first pump, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger along the first direction, and the first heat exchanger is located downstream of the second heat exchanger in the first direction with reference to the cold source; and in the second mode, the first coolant flows through the cold source, the first pump, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger along the second direction, and the first heat exchanger is located upstream of the second heat exchanger in the second direction with reference to the cold source.

6. The thermal management subsystem according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the first heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat with reaction products and unconsumed electrolyte delivered from the electrolysis device to the electrolyte container via the discharge line by a second coolant.

7. The thermal management subsystem according to claim 6, wherein: the electrolyte container comprises a hydrogen-side electrolyte container (12a) and an oxygen-side electrolyte container (12b), the discharge line comprises a hydrogen-side discharge line (13a) for delivering hydrogen-side reaction products and unconsumed electrolyte from the electrolysis device to the hydrogen-side electrolyte container, and an oxygen-side discharge line (13b) for delivering oxygen-side reaction products and unconsumed electrolyte from the electrolysis device to the oxygen-side electrolyte container; and the thermal management subsystem further comprises: a third heat exchanger (130) configured to be connected to the hydrogen-side discharge line and being a liquid-liquid heat exchanger; a fourth heat exchanger (140) configured to be connected to the oxygen-side discharge line and being a liquid-liquid heat exchanger; a second coolant circulation line (150) configured to be connected between the first heat exchanger and the third and fourth heat exchangers; and a second driving device configured to drive circulation of the second coolant between the first heat exchanger and the third and fourth heat exchangers. the second coolant circulation line comprises a main line (150c) and first and second branch lines (150a, 150b) connected in parallel to the main line, the first heat exchanger is connected to the main line, the third heat exchanger is connected to the first branch line, and the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the second branch line, wherein:

8. The thermal management subsystem of claim 7, wherein, the second driving device comprises a second pump connected to the main line for driving flow of the second coolant, and the thermal management subsystem further comprises a flow rate adjusting device controllable to adjust a ratio of the second coolant flowing through the first branch line to the second coolant flowing through the second branch line; or ​ The second driving device comprises a third pump (161) and a fourth pump (162) connected respectively on the first branch and on the second branch for driving the second coolant flow and controllable to adjust the ratio of the second coolant flowing through the first branch to the second coolant flowing through the second branch.

9. The thermal management subsystem of any one of claims 1 to 5 and 7 to 8, wherein: The second heat exchanger is connected on the feed line and the thermal management subsystem further comprises a first temperature sensor (171) for detecting the temperature of the electrolyte entering the second heat exchanger and / or a second temperature sensor (172) for detecting the temperature of the electrolyte leaving the second heat exchanger.

10. An electrolysis system (10, 10') characterized by The electrolysis system comprises: an electrolysis device (11) for electrolyzing water in an electrolyte; an electrolyte container (12) for storing the electrolyte; a feed line (13c) for transporting electrolyte from the electrolyte container to the electrolysis device; a discharge line for transporting reaction products and unspent electrolyte from the electrolysis device to the electrolyte container; and The thermal management subsystem (100, 100') according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first heat exchanger (110) is thermally coupled on the discharge line, the second heat exchanger (120) is thermally coupled on the feed line, the driving device (105, 105') is configured to drive the cooling medium flow, and the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are arranged on the flow path of the cooling medium to exchange heat with the cooling medium.

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