I-shaped steel supporting structure capable of achieving yielding and monitoring

Abstract

The utility model provides an I-shaped steel supporting structure capable of achieving yielding and monitoring, and belongs to the technical field of roadway supporting, the I-shaped steel supporting structure comprises a roadway supporting device, a pressure bearing plate, an elastic supporting device and a roadway sinking detection device.The roadway supporting device is of a semi-surrounding structure, and when the roadway supporting device is arranged in a roadway, the pressure bearing plate is arranged on the roadway supporting device; a yielding space is formed between the upper end face of the roadway supporting device and the top end of the roadway. The bearing plate is arranged in the yielding space above the roadway supporting device and is attached to the upper end face of the roadway; the elastic supporting device and the roadway sinking detection device are both arranged between the bearing plate and the roadway supporting device, and in the embodiment, the effects of actively yielding and detecting the pressure change of surrounding rock at the top of the roadway are achieved through the elastic supporting device and the roadway sinking detection device; therefore, the technical effect of effectively supporting the mine laneway under the loose and soft special mine laneway geological surrounding rock condition existing in the top plate surrounding rock and the two side surrounding rocks can be achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of I-shaped steel support structure, in particular to an I-shaped steel support structure capable of realizing pressure relief and monitoring. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a traditional support method, the I-shaped steel support has stable performance, reasonable structure, good strength and rigidity, and has a certain positive effect on the stability of the roadway. However, the traditional I-shaped steel support has little function of active pressure relief support, and when the surrounding rock pressure increases, the traditional I-shaped steel support will deform and even break under the action of the surrounding rock pressure, which poses a great hidden danger to the safety of the roadway. Although the anchor rod and other active support methods have become the main support form of mine roadway, the anchor rod support method cannot be applied to the loose and weak surrounding rock structure of the roof and two sides of the roadway in some specific mine roadway geological conditions, and the traditional I-shaped steel has some defects that cannot be avoided in its structure. Therefore, it is urgent to study a new I-shaped steel support structure capable of realizing pressure relief and monitoring. CONTENT OF THE INVENTION

[0003] In view of the technical problems in the background art, the present application provides an I-shaped steel support structure capable of realizing pressure relief and monitoring. The I-shaped steel support structure capable of realizing pressure relief and monitoring is provided by setting an elastic support device capable of realizing active pressure relief on the basis of the traditional I-shaped steel support, which can effectively support the mine roadway under the condition of loose and weak special mine roadway geological surrounding rock of the roof and two sides of the roadway.

[0004] The present application provides an I-shaped steel support structure capable of realizing pressure relief and monitoring, which is used for supporting the roadway and includes:

[0005] A roadway support device, which is in a semi-enclosed structure, and when the roadway support device is placed in the roadway, a pressure relief space is formed between the upper end face of the roadway support device and the top end of the roadway;

[0006] A pressure bearing plate, which is placed in the pressure relief space above the roadway support device and is attached to the upper end face of the roadway;

[0007] An elastic support device, which is arranged between the pressure bearing plate and the roadway support device and is used for supporting the pressure bearing plate;

[0008] A roadway subsidence detection device, which is arranged between the pressure bearing plate and the roadway support device and is used for detecting the displacement of the pressure bearing plate.

[0009] In some embodiments, by setting an elastic support device capable of achieving active yielding on the basis of traditional H-shaped steel support, the technical effect of effectively supporting the mine roadway can be achieved under the condition of loose and weak surrounding rock of the roof and two sides of the mine roadway. Secondly, a roadway subsidence detection device is arranged between the pressure plate and the roadway support device. When the surrounding rock of the roof of the roadway subsides, the surrounding rock of the roof of the roadway will push the roadway subsidence detection device through the pressure plate. At this time, the roadway subsidence detection device can detect the force of the pressure plate, and further detect the pressure change of the surrounding rock of the roof of the roadway, so that the staff can more fully detect the specific conditions of the roadway and the supporting structure.

[0010] In some embodiments, the roadway subsidence detection device comprises a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a first spring member and a pressure sensor, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are arranged in cross, the intersection of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod is rotationally connected, one end of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod is slidingly connected to the pressure plate, the other end of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod is slidingly connected to the roadway support device, the first spring member is arranged between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, one end of the first spring member is connected to the first connecting rod, the other end of the first spring member is connected to the second connecting rod, and the pressure sensor is arranged at the connection part of the first spring member and the first connecting rod or the second connecting rod, for detecting the change of the elastic force of the first spring member.

[0011] In this embodiment, by detecting the change of the elastic potential energy of the first spring member when the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are expanded through the pressure sensor, the change of the surrounding rock of the roof of the roadway can be accurately calculated, so that the staff can more fully understand the specific conditions of the roadway and the supporting structure.

[0012] In some embodiments, the roadway subsidence detection device further comprises a sliding block and a sliding rail, the sliding rail is arranged on the side of the pressure plate facing the roadway support device, the sliding block is slidingly arranged in the sliding rail, and the end of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod is provided with the sliding block, and the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are slidingly connected with the pressure plate through the sliding block.

[0013] In this embodiment, the sliding block and the sliding rail make the pressure plate more smoothly slide the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod during the expansion of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod.

[0014] In some embodiments, the roadway subsidence detection device further comprises a second spring member, one group of the second spring members is arranged at both ends of the sliding rail, one end of the second spring member abuts against the end of the sliding rail, and the other end abuts against the sliding block.

[0015] In this embodiment, the second spring member can effectively play a buffering role, and thus when the surrounding rock of the roadway roof changes greatly, the roadway subsidence detection device can be prevented from being damaged.

[0016] In some embodiments, the roadway subsidence detection device further comprises a box body and steel balls, the box body is fixedly arranged on the roadway support device, an upper end of the box body is provided with an opening, and one ends of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod away from the pressure bearing plate extend into the box body through the opening, and the steel balls are not completely filled in the box body.

[0017] In this embodiment, when the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are unfolded, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod can squeeze the steel balls in the box body, so that the steel balls collide and rub with each other, thereby eliminating the impact force received by the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod when the surrounding rock of the roadway roof subsides.

[0018] In some embodiments, at least two groups of the roadway subsidence detection devices are arranged between the pressure bearing plate and the roadway support device, and the roadway subsidence detection devices are arranged along the width direction of the roadway support device.

[0019] In this embodiment, by arranging multiple groups of the roadway subsidence detection devices between the pressure bearing plate and the roadway support device, the accuracy of the detection data of the roadway subsidence detection device can be greatly improved.

[0020] In some embodiments, the elastic support devices are arranged on both sides of the pressure bearing plate, one side of the elastic support device is attached to the sidewall of the roadway, and the other side of the elastic support device extends to the direction of the roadway subsidence detection device.

[0021] In this embodiment, the elastic support devices on both sides of the pressure bearing plate can ensure the stability of the pressure bearing plate.

[0022] In some embodiments, the roadway support device comprises a first support plate, a second support plate and a third support plate, the first support plate and the second support plate are sequentially connected end to end, the first support plate and the third support plate are respectively attached to the sidewalls of the roadway on both sides, and the elastic support device and the roadway subsidence detection device are arranged on the second support plate.

[0023] In this embodiment, the first support plate and the second support plate attached to the sidewalls of the roadway on both sides can effectively support the loose and weak surrounding rock structure on both sides of the roadway.

[0024] In some embodiments, the roadway support device further comprises a diagonal brace, and the diagonal brace is arranged at the connection part of the second support plate and the first support plate and the third support plate.

[0025] In this embodiment, the stability and firmness of the roadway support device are further increased by the inclined brace.

[0026] In some embodiments, a data collector is further included, which is connected with the roadway subsidence detection device and used for collecting detection data of the roadway subsidence detection device and transmitting the detection data to an external terminal.

[0027] In this embodiment, the detection data of the roadway subsidence detection device is collected by the data collector and transmitted to the external terminal, so that the staff can more conveniently know the specific conditions of the roadway surrounding rock and the supporting structure, and thus the staff can more conveniently maintain the roadway and the supporting structure.

[0028] The above description is only a summary of the technical solutions of the present application, in order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, the specific embodiments of the present application can be implemented according to the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the following will specifically describe the embodiments of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings used in the present application will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 The use state diagram of the I-shaped steel supporting structure capable of realizing pressure relief and monitoring in the embodiments of the present application is shown;

[0031] Figure 2 The partial structure diagram of the I-shaped steel supporting structure capable of realizing pressure relief and monitoring in the embodiments of the present application is shown;

[0032] Figure 3 The use state diagram of the I-shaped steel supporting structure capable of realizing pressure relief and monitoring in the embodiments of the present application is shown; Figure 2 The local enlarged view of part A in the present application.

[0033] Explanation of reference signs:

[0034] 1, roadway support device; 2, pressure bearing plate; 3, elastic support device; 4, roadway subsidence detection device;

[0035] 41, first connecting rod; 42, second connecting rod; 43, first spring member; 44, pressure sensor;

[0036] 45, sliding block; 46, sliding rail; 47, second spring member; 48, box body; 49, steel ball; 5, inclined brace;

[0037] 6, data collector; 7, roadway. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. The following examples are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the present application, and therefore only serve as examples, but cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0039] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application; the terms "comprising," "comprises" and "including" as used herein are synonymous with and meant to have the same meaning as the term "including"; the term "comprising" as used herein is meant to be open-ended and include the possibility of one or more additional elements.

[0040] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.

[0041] Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearance of the phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, nor is it necessarily independent or alternative embodiments to each other. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can represent the three cases of A alone, A and B together, and B alone. In addition, the character " / " in this paper generally represents that the front and rear associated objects are a "or" relationship.

[0043] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "a plurality of" refers to two or more (including two), and similarly, "a plurality of groups" refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and "a plurality of pieces" refers to two or more pieces (including two pieces).

[0044] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application.

[0045] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the technical terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting", "fixing" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, can be fixedly connected, or can be detachably connected, or can be integrated; can be mechanically connected, or can be electrically connected; can be directly connected, or can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] At present, anchor rod support and I-beam support are widely used in roadway, tunnel and other engineering support technologies. Among them, anchor rod support installs anchor rods in rock mass, uses the tensile strength and shear strength of anchor rods to fix unstable rock mass together, thereby improving the stability and bearing capacity of rock mass. Anchor rod support technology has the advantages of simple construction, low cost and strong adaptability, and can effectively control the displacement and deformation of surrounding rock, and ensure the safety and stability of the project. As a traditional support method, I-beam support has stable performance, reasonable structure, good strength and stiffness, and has a certain positive effect on the stability of the roadway.

[0047] However, due to the loose and weak surrounding rock structure of the roof surrounding rock and the two side surrounding rock in some specific mine roadway geological conditions, the anchor rod support method cannot be applied to this kind of geological condition, and the I-beam support lacks the function of active yielding support. When the surrounding rock pressure increases, the I-beam will deform under the action of the surrounding rock pressure and even break, which poses a great risk to the safety of the roadway. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new support technology to not only adapt to the above-mentioned special mine roadway geological surrounding rock conditions, but also to realize the function of active yielding support.

[0048] In order to solve the problem of how to provide a new supporting technology to not only adapt to the special mine roadway geological surrounding rock conditions of the surrounding rock of the roof and the surrounding rock of the two sides, but also to realize the function of active yielding support, the application provides a I-shaped steel supporting structure capable of yielding and monitoring, which can realize the technical effect of effectively supporting the mine roadway under the condition that the surrounding rock of the roof and the surrounding rock of the two sides are loose and weak by setting the elastic supporting device 3 capable of realizing active yielding on the basis of the traditional I-shaped steel support.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 The use state diagram of the I-shaped steel supporting structure capable of yielding and monitoring provided by the embodiment of the application, the I-shaped steel supporting structure capable of yielding and monitoring is used for supporting the roadway 7 under the condition that the surrounding rock of the roof and the surrounding rock of the two sides are loose and weak, and the I-shaped steel supporting structure capable of yielding and monitoring comprises a roadway supporting device 1, a pressure bearing plate 2, an elastic supporting device 3 and a roadway subsidence detection device 4, wherein the roadway supporting device 1 is in a semi-enclosing structure, and when the roadway supporting device 1 is placed in the roadway, a yielding space is formed between the upper end surface of the roadway supporting device 1 and the top end of the roadway; the pressure bearing plate 2 is placed in the yielding space above the roadway supporting device 1 and is attached to the upper end surface of the roadway; the elastic supporting device 3 is arranged between the pressure bearing plate 2 and the roadway supporting device 1 and is used for supporting the pressure bearing plate 2; and the roadway subsidence detection device 4 is arranged between the pressure bearing plate 2 and the roadway supporting device 1 and is used for detecting the displacement of the pressure bearing plate 2.

[0050] In the use process, the roadway supporting device 1 is placed in the roadway, the two sides of the roadway supporting device 1 are attached to the two sides of the roadway, a yielding space is formed between the upper end of the roadway supporting device 1 and the top end of the roadway, the pressure bearing plate 2 is placed above the roadway supporting device 1 and is attached to the top end of the roadway, the elastic supporting device 3 is arranged on the roadway supporting device 1 and is connected with the pressure bearing plate 2, when the surrounding rock at the top of the roadway subsides, the surrounding rock at the top of the roadway will bear against the pressure bearing plate 2, and in the process that the surrounding rock at the top of the roadway bears against the pressure bearing plate 2, the pressure bearing plate 2 will press the elastic supporting device 3, so that the elastic supporting device 3 is contracted, thereby realizing the function of active yielding.

[0051] Secondly, in the embodiment, the roadway subsidence detection device 4 is further arranged between the pressure bearing plate 2 and the roadway supporting device 1, in the use process, when the surrounding rock at the top of the roadway subsides, the surrounding rock at the top of the roadway will bear against the roadway subsidence detection device 4 through the pressure bearing plate 2, at this time, the roadway subsidence detection device 4 can detect the force of the pressure bearing plate 2, thereby detecting the pressure change of the surrounding rock at the top of the roadway, so that the staff can more fully detect the specific conditions of the roadway and the supporting structure.

[0052] Further, please refer toFigure 2 and Figure 3 In the embodiment of the present application, the roadway subsidence detection device 4 comprises a first connecting rod 41, a second connecting rod 42, a first spring member 43 and a pressure sensor 44. The first connecting rod 41 and the second connecting rod 42 are cross arranged, and the intersection of the first connecting rod 41 and the second connecting rod 42 is rotationally connected, thereby making the first connecting rod 41 and the second connecting rod 42 spliced to form a scissors mechanism. One end of the first connecting rod 41 and the second connecting rod 42 is slidingly connected to the pressure bearing plate 2, and the other end of the first connecting rod 41 and the second connecting rod 42 is slidingly connected to the roadway support device 1. The first spring member 43 is arranged between the first connecting rod 41 and the second connecting rod 42. One end of the first spring member 43 is connected to the first connecting rod 41, and the other end of the first spring member 43 is connected to the second connecting rod 42. The pressure sensor 44 is arranged at the connection part of the first spring member 43 and the first connecting rod 41 or the second connecting rod 42. In the use process, when the surrounding rock at the top of the roadway subsides, the surrounding rock at the top of the roadway will push the first connecting rod 41 and the second connecting rod 42 to expand through the pressure bearing plate 2. At this time, the first spring member 43 is stretched in the expansion process of the first connecting rod 41 and the second connecting rod 42, thereby making the elastic potential energy of the first spring member 43 change. The pressure sensor 44 can accurately calculate the change of the surrounding rock at the top of the roadway by detecting the change of the elastic potential energy of the first spring member 43, so that the staff can more fully understand the specific conditions of the roadway and the supporting structure.

[0053] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the roadway subsidence detection device 4 further comprises a sliding block 45 and a sliding rail 46. The sliding rail 46 is arranged on the side of the pressure bearing plate 2 facing the roadway support device 1. The sliding block 45 is slidingly arranged in the sliding rail 46. The end of the first connecting rod 41 and the second connecting rod 42 is provided with the sliding block 45. The first connecting rod 41 and the second connecting rod 42 are slidingly connected to the pressure bearing plate 2 through the sliding block 45. In the use process, the first connecting rod 41 and the second connecting rod 42 are slidingly connected to the pressure bearing plate 2 through the sliding block 45 and the sliding rail 46, so that the first connecting rod 41 and the second connecting rod 42 can slide more smoothly in the process of being pushed by the pressure bearing plate 2 to expand.

[0054] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the roadway subsidence detection device 4 further comprises a second spring member 47. One end of the second spring member 47 abuts against the end of the sliding rail 46, and the other end of the second spring member 47 abuts against the sliding block 45. In the embodiment, the second spring member 47 can effectively play a buffering role, thereby preventing the roadway subsidence detection device 4 from being damaged when the surrounding rock at the top of the roadway changes greatly.

[0055] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the roadway subsidence detection device 4 further comprises a box body 48 and a steel ball 49, the box body 48 is fixedly arranged on the roadway support device 1, the upper end of the box body 48 is provided with an opening, the first connecting rod 41 and the second connecting rod 42 are arranged to extend into the box body 48 through the opening, the steel ball 49 is not completely filled in the box body 48, when the first connecting rod 41 and the second connecting rod 42 are unfolded, the first connecting rod 41 and the second connecting rod 42 can extrude the steel ball in the box body 48, so that the steel ball in the box body 48 is more tightly distributed, and in this process, the steel balls collide and rub with each other, which can effectively eliminate the impact force received by the first connecting rod 41 and the second connecting rod 42 when the surrounding rock at the top of the roadway subsides.

[0056] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, at least two groups of roadway subsidence detection devices 4 are arranged between the pressure plate 2 and the roadway support device 1, and the roadway subsidence detection devices 4 are arranged along the width direction of the roadway support device 1. In the use process, by arranging multiple groups of roadway subsidence detection devices 4 between the pressure plate 2 and the roadway support device 1, the accuracy of the detection data of the roadway subsidence detection device 4 can be greatly improved.

[0057] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the two sides of the pressure plate 2 are provided with the elastic support device 3, one side of the elastic support device 3 is attached to the side wall of the roadway, and the other side of the elastic support device 3 extends to the direction of the roadway subsidence detection device 4. In the embodiment, the elastic support device 3 arranged on both sides of the pressure plate 2 not only can increase the pressure bearing capacity of the pressure plate 2, but also can ensure the stability of the pressure plate 2 when the surrounding rock at the top of the roadway subsides and exerts pressure on the pressure plate 2.

[0058] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the roadway support device 1 comprises a first support plate, a second support plate and a third support plate, the first support plate and the second support plate are connected end to end in sequence, the first support plate and the third support plate are attached to the two side walls of the roadway respectively, and the elastic support device 3 and the roadway subsidence detection device 4 are arranged on the second support plate. In the embodiment, the first support plate and the second support plate attached to the two side walls of the roadway can effectively support the loose and weak surrounding rock structure existing on the two sides of the roadway.

[0059] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the roadway support device 1 further comprises a diagonal brace 5, the diagonal brace 5 is arranged at the connection part of the second support plate and the first support plate and the third support plate. In the embodiment, the diagonal brace 5 further increases the stability and firmness of the roadway support device 1.

[0060] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the data collector 6 is further included, and the data collector 6 is connected with the roadway subsidence detection device 4. In the embodiment, the detection data of the roadway subsidence detection device 4 is collected by the data collector, and the detection data is transmitted to the external terminal, so that the workers can more conveniently know the specific conditions of the roadway surrounding rock and the supporting structure, and then the workers can more conveniently maintain the roadway and the supporting structure.

[0061] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples, and embodiments having the same technical idea and playing the same role and effect within the scope of the technical solutions of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, within the scope of the main idea of the present application, various modifications that can be thought of by those skilled in the art are applied to the embodiments, and other ways constructed by combining part of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An I-beam support structure capable of pressure relief and monitoring, used to support roadways, characterized in that, include: A roadway support device, wherein the roadway support device has a semi-enclosed structure, and when the roadway support device is placed in the roadway, a pressure relief space is formed between the upper end face of the roadway support device and the top of the roadway. A pressure plate is placed within the pressure relief space and is in contact with the upper end face of the roadway. An elastic support device is disposed between the pressure plate and the roadway support device to support the pressure plate; A roadway subsidence detection device is installed between the pressure plate and the roadway support device to detect the displacement of the pressure plate.

2. The I-beam support structure capable of pressure relief and monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The roadway subsidence detection device includes a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a first spring, and a pressure sensor. The first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are arranged crosswise, and the intersection of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod is rotatably connected. One end of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are slidably connected to the pressure plate, and the other end of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are slidably connected to the roadway support device. The first spring is disposed between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, with one end of the first spring connected to the first connecting rod and the other end connected to the second connecting rod. The pressure sensor is disposed at the connection between the first spring and the first connecting rod or the second connecting rod, and is used to detect changes in the elastic force of the first spring.

3. The I-beam support structure capable of pressure relief and monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that, The roadway subsidence detection device further includes a slider and a slide rail. The slide rail is disposed on the side of the pressure plate facing the roadway support device. The slider is slidably disposed within the slide rail. The ends of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are each provided with the slider. The first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are slidably connected to the pressure plate through the slider.

4. The I-beam support structure capable of pressure relief and monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that, The tunnel subsidence detection device also includes a second spring component. A set of the second spring components is provided at both ends of the slide rail. One end of the second spring abuts against the end of the slide rail, and the other end abuts against the slider.

5. The I-beam support structure capable of pressure relief and monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tunnel subsidence detection device also includes a box and steel balls. The box is fixedly mounted on the tunnel support device. An opening is provided at the upper end of the box. The ends of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod away from the pressure plate extend into the box through the opening. The steel balls do not completely fill the box.

6. The I-beam support structure capable of pressure relief and monitoring according to claim 5, characterized in that, At least two sets of the roadway subsidence detection devices are provided between the pressure plate and the roadway support device, and the roadway subsidence detection devices are arranged along the width direction of the roadway support device.

7. The I-beam support structure capable of pressure relief and monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic support device is provided on both sides of the pressure plate, and one side of the elastic support device is attached to the side wall of the roadway, while the other side of the elastic support device extends toward the roadway subsidence detection device.

8. The I-beam support structure capable of pressure relief and monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tunnel support device includes a first support plate, a second support plate, and a third support plate. The first support plate and the second support plate are connected end to end in sequence. The first support plate and the third support plate are respectively attached to the two side walls of the tunnel. The elastic support device and the tunnel subsidence detection device are both installed on the second support plate.

9. The I-beam support structure capable of pressure relief and monitoring according to claim 8, characterized in that, The tunnel support device also includes a diagonal brace, which is disposed at the connection between the second support plate and the first and third support plates.

10. The I-beam support structure capable of pressure relief and monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a data acquisition device, which, together with the roadway subsidence detection device, is used to collect the detection data from the roadway subsidence detection device and transmit the detection data to an external terminal.

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