Fluidized bed reactor

Abstract

The utility model provides a fluidized bed reactor, aiming at overcoming the problem that a lining is easy to damage due to the difference of thermal expansion coefficients between a metal shell and a non-metal lining in the prior art. The fluidized bed reactor comprises a cylinder, a seed crystal feed port, a waste gas outlet, a gas inlet and a discharge port, the seed crystal feed port and the waste gas outlet are formed in the top of the cylinder, the gas inlet and the discharge port are formed in the bottom of the cylinder, the cylinder comprises a shell and a lining, the lining is formed by mutually lapping a plurality of sub-liners, and a gap area is formed at the lapping part; a first opening and a second opening on the same section or different sections are formed in the gap area along the two sides of the inner wall and the outer wall of the lining; and the plurality of sub linings are fixedly connected with the shell respectively. The fluidized bed reactor disclosed by the utility model is simple in structure, not only ensures that a product is not contacted with metal, but also effectively solves the problem of thermal expansion difference between the non-metal lining and the metal shell, and improves the equipment reliability while ensuring the product quality.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the production technology field of granular silicon, and particularly relates to a fluidized bed reactor. BACKGROUND

[0002] The production principle of granular silicon is to utilize the low decomposition temperature of silane gas, pass "heated hydrogen" and "heated hydrogen and silane gas mixed gas" into a reactor, and simultaneously send micron-sized seeds from the upper part of the reactor, so that the silane gas is thermally decomposed on the surface of the seeds and gradually grows into a millimeter-sized granular process in a fluidized state. Due to the low thermal decomposition temperature, low molecular weight and specific heat of hydrogen and silane gas, and large specific surface area of the seeds, granular silicon production has the advantage of low power consumption, and the key to granular silicon production lies in the core equipment, the fluidized bed reactor.

[0003] The structure of the commonly used fluidized bed reactor in the prior art includes a feeding section at the top, a heating reaction section in the middle, and a discharging section at the bottom, and the structure of the heating reaction section often determines the quality and capacity of the discharged product. The three-layer reaction section structure represented by REC Silicon Inc and the two-layer structure represented by MEMC Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. Regardless of which structure, due to the purity requirements of granular silicon products, the reaction cannot be directly carried out in a steel cylinder, but needs to be carried out in a non-metallic clean lining material. There is a difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the non-metallic lining and the steel cylinder. Therefore, measures need to be taken to eliminate the thermal expansion stress between the lining material and the steel equipment. The Chinese patent with the publication number CN102713001B and the name of fluidized bed reactor of REC Silicon Inc discloses a way of adding a bellows to the lining to eliminate thermal expansion stress. Such a design leads to complex equipment manufacturing and easy damage during installation. In addition, the lining is prone to damage during equipment operation due to its shaking. The Chinese invention patent with the publication number CN107592825B and the name of clamping device for reactor system of each star company discloses a solution to this problem. A bellows is arranged at the top of the cylinder. When the reaction zone is heated to a high temperature greater than 600℃, the lining material expands against the top reactor outlet flange cover. The bellows thus extends. Such a solution causes the lining material to bear a lot of stress, which is more obvious when the equipment design pressure is high. Therefore, the lining needs to have sufficient thickness and strength, which in turn leads to an increase in the cost of the lining material. Regardless of which technical route, these measures often make the equipment manufacturing complex, and are prone to equipment vibration, excessive stress on the lining material, or damage to the lining material due to the vibration of the fluidized reaction itself.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to solve the technical problems that a fluidized bed reactor capable of effectively solving the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the metal shell and the non-metal lining, improving the product quality and the reliability of the equipment, and preparing high-quality granular silicon by using the fluidized bed reactor. Utility model content

[0005] The utility model discloses a fluidized bed reactor and a process for preparing granular silicon, to solve the problem that the existing equipment cannot effectively solve the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the metal shell and the non-metal lining, which leads to the damage of the lining.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

[0007] A fluidized bed reactor, comprising a cylinder, a seed crystal feeding port and a waste gas outlet arranged at the top of the cylinder, and a gas inlet and a discharge port arranged at the bottom of the cylinder, characterized in that: the cylinder comprises a shell and a lining, the lining is formed by a plurality of sub-linings which are overlapped with each other, and a gap region is formed at the overlapping part, the gap region is provided with a first opening and a second opening on the same section or different sections along the inner wall and the outer wall of the lining; and the plurality of sub-linings are fixedly connected with the shell. The utility model adopts the mode that a plurality of sub-linings are overlapped and a gap is left at the overlapping part, and a gap is also left between the shell and the lining. Under the high-temperature environment of the reactor, each sub-lining can expand towards the gap position at the overlapping position and the gap position between the shell and the lining when heated, and the metal shell can also expand towards the gap between the lining after being heated, thereby solving the problem that the lining is easily damaged due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the metal shell and the non-metal lining. The first opening and the second opening provided at the gap position can be located on the same section or different sections, as long as the material does not directly contact the metal shell through the gap region.

[0008] As a preferred technical scheme:

[0009] Optionally, the plurality of sub-linings are overlapped to form a continuous wall surface, and the overlapping mode includes a stepped type, a mortise and tenon type, an inclined surface type or a toothed type, etc. The fixed connection refers to the circumferential bolt connection or pin connection between each sub-lining and the metal shell. The overlapping and fixed connection modes of the utility model are not limited to this, and other modes capable of realizing a certain gap between the plurality of sub-linings and forming a continuous wall surface, as well as the mode of fixed connection between the lining and the shell which is convenient for replacing and maintaining the lining, are all within the protection scope of the utility model.

[0010] Optionally, when the fixed connection is a bolt connection, a plurality of clamping grooves are arranged on the plurality of sub-liners away from the overlapping parts along the circumferential direction of the liner, the bottom of the clamping groove is provided with a through hole, and the inner wall surface of the shell is provided with a corresponding receiving part corresponding to the clamping groove, and the solder or screw is connected through the through hole and the receiving part to realize fixation. The bolt can be a metal bolt or a non-metal material bolt, and the surface of the bolt can be arranged inside the clamping groove or clamped outside the clamping groove.

[0011] Optionally, the shell is a metal shell, and the liner is a non-metal liner. The inside of the non-metal liner is a cavity, which includes a feeding section, a reaction section and a discharging section from top to bottom. The seed crystal feeding port and the exhaust port are arranged on the feeding section. The reaction section is provided with a heating device, and the heating device is fixedly installed outside the shell. The discharging section is provided with a distributor, and the gas inlet and the discharging port are arranged on the distributor.

[0012] Optionally, the distributor comprises:

[0013] A flange plate is arranged at the edge and is provided with a plurality of flange connection holes along the circumference, and is connected to the bottom flange of the shell through a bolt;

[0014] An air inlet chamber is arranged on one side of the flange plate and is integrally formed with the flange plate. An annular partition plate is arranged inside the air inlet chamber to divide the air inlet chamber into a concentric inner air inlet chamber and an outer air inlet chamber;

[0015] An air inlet port is divided into an inner air inlet port and an outer air inlet port. The inner air inlet port communicates with the inner air inlet chamber, and the outer air inlet port communicates with the outer air inlet chamber, which are used for different reaction gases to enter the air inlet chamber;

[0016] A discharging port is arranged at the top of the air inlet chamber. The discharging port is connected to a discharging pipe which penetrates the middle part of the air inlet chamber and extends out of the air inlet chamber;

[0017] An air inlet hole is arranged at the top of the air inlet chamber, which is used for the reaction gas in the air inlet chamber to enter the reaction section through the air inlet hole. The air inlet hole is composed of a plurality of inner ring air inlet holes and outer ring air inlet holes. The inner ring air inlet holes correspond to the positions of the inner air inlet chamber, and the outer ring air inlet holes correspond to the positions of the outer air inlet chamber.

[0018] Optionally, the air inlet chamber is arranged above the flange plate and extends into the cylinder. The inner air inlet port and the outer air inlet port are arranged on the flange plate, and the air inlet hole is arranged on the air inlet chamber and located at the top position.

[0019] Optionally, the air inlet chamber is arranged below the flange plate and outside the cylinder body, the inner air inlet is arranged on the inner air inlet chamber and at the bottom position, the outer air inlet is arranged on the outer air inlet chamber and at the bottom position, and the air inlet hole is arranged on the flange plate.

[0020] Optionally, the heating device comprises a heater and a heat preservation layer.

[0021] The heater is an electric heater comprising a plurality of electric heating rods which are fixedly installed in contact with the outer wall surface of the cylinder body, and the heat preservation layer is wrapped outside the electric heater.

[0022] Alternatively, the heater is an induction heater which is arranged outside the heat preservation layer, and the heat preservation layer is wrapped outside the cylinder body.

[0023] Optionally, the gap between the inner wall surface of the shell and the outer surface of the inner liner is 5-150mm, and specifically 6-20mm.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The non-metallic inner liner of the present application adopts a special lap joint structure, a gap is left at the lap joint position, and the heater is arranged at the outermost side of the cylinder body, so that the minimum gap is reserved between the shell and the inner liner, and the heat transfer efficiency is greatly improved. The inner liner and the inner wall surface of the shell are fixed by using a metal or non-metallic bolt fixing mode away from the lap joint position, so that the inner liner and the shell are free to expand in the heating state, and the entire device does not need a bellows or a spring to eliminate thermal expansion stress, thereby completely solving the problem of inconsistent expansion caused by the different thermal expansion coefficients between the metal shell and the non-metallic inner liner material, and the structure is simple and reliable.

[0026] 2. The distributor and the flange plate (or flange cover) at the bottom of the device are made into one whole (divided into upward and downward two kinds, the upward one is that the distribution plate and the bottom flange cover are made into one whole, and the feed gas is connected to the flange cover; the downward one is that a small section of the cylinder body is designed below the flange, and the feed gas is connected to the section of the cylinder body), and the annular partition plate separates the air inlet chamber into the concentric inner air inlet chamber and outer air inlet chamber for independent feeding, and various complex distributor structures are abandoned, so that the device is simple and reliable, and is convenient to maintain.

[0027] 3. The utility model discloses a heating device of heating section is installed in the inside of cylinder body in prior art, is arranged as installing outside cylinder body, one, this kind of simple structure, practical and can quick production and maintenance, on the other hand, avoid the technical defect that the nonmetal material lining layer of original structure is arranged between the lining layer and the shell layer is subjected to higher pressure, and also has better sealing capacity, so that the material does not leak to the outside of lining layer and the metal shell wall surface contact, greatly improve the use reliability of lining and the service life of lining segmented type lap joint.

[0028] 4. The utility model discloses the gap between lining and shell is controlled in 5~150mm range, less than prior art, and the heat transfer efficiency is higher.

[0029] 5. The utility model discloses a direct contact type electric heater or induction heater is directly acted on the metal shell of reaction section, and the heat transfer efficiency is promoted, and then the use cycle of heater is promoted, and the equipment gas flux and particle silicon output are promoted simultaneously, and the heater is placed in the outside of reactor, is not influenced by the atmosphere in the furnace, and is also easy to maintenance. DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application or prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment or prior art description will be briefly introduced as follows, obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the premise.

[0031] Figure 1 It is the structure schematic view of fluidized bed reactor of the utility model;

[0032] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 The structure schematic view of enlarged portion in A of 2;

[0033] Fig. 3 (a)~(d) are Figure 2 The structure schematic view of enlarged portion of different lap joint mode at lap joint position in 3;

[0034] Figure 4 It is Figure 2 The structure schematic view of enlarged portion in a of 4;

[0035] Figure 5 It is Figure 2 The structure schematic view of enlarged portion in b of 5;

[0036] Figure 6 It is the installation structure schematic view of electric heater when the utility model discloses heating device adopts electric heater;

[0037] Figure 7The installation structure schematic diagram of the heating device using the induction heater is shown in the utility model.

[0038] Figure 8 The structure schematic diagram of the distributor of the utility model is shown in the utility model.

[0039] Figure 9 The installation structure schematic diagram of the distributor of the utility model is shown in the utility model.

[0040] Reference signs:

[0041] 1-cylinder; 101-outer shell; 102-inner liner; 103-clamping groove; 104-threaded hole; 105-accepting part; 106-through hole; 2-seed crystal feeding port; 3-waste gas outlet; 4-gas inlet; 401-inner ring gas inlet hole; 402-outer ring gas inlet hole; 5-discharge port; 6-heating device; 601-heater; 602-heat preservation layer; 6011-electric heating rod; 7-distributor; 701-flange plate; 702-gas inlet chamber; 7021-inner gas inlet chamber; 7022-outer gas inlet chamber; 703-annular partition; 704-gas inlet; 7041-inner gas inlet; 7042-outer gas inlet; 11-lap joint part; 1101-first opening; 1102-second opening. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] Hereinafter, only certain exemplary embodiments are simply described. As those skilled in the art can recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the utility model. Therefore, the drawings and the description are considered to be exemplary in nature rather than limiting.

[0043] In the description of the utility model, it is understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or is the orientation or positional relationship commonly placed when the product of the utility model is used, or is the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art, and is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and is not indicative or implied that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the utility model.

[0044] In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used herein only to describe different instances, and are not used to indicate or imply relative importance or a number of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more than two, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0045] In the present application, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting", "fixing" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrated; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected, or it can be communicated; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication or interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] In the present application, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the "upper" or "lower" of the first feature to the second feature can include the direct contact of the first and second features, or it can include the contact of the first and second features through another feature between them. Moreover, the "upper", "upper" and "upper" of the first feature to the second feature include the vertical direction of the first feature above and obliquely above the second feature, or only indicate that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The "lower", "lower" and "lower" of the first feature to the second feature include the vertical direction of the first feature below and obliquely below the second feature, or only indicate that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0047] The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different structures of the present application. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present application, the components and arrangements of specific examples are described in the following. Of course, they are only examples, and the purpose is not to limit the present application. In addition, the present application can repeatedly refer to numbers and / or letters in different examples, and such repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity, which itself does not indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. In addition, the present application provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but those skilled in the art can realize the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0048] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] The present embodiment provides a fluidized bed reactor, as shown in Figure 1 The present embodiment provides a fluidized bed reactor, as shown in Figure 1 The present embodiment provides a fluidized bed reactor, as shown in

[0050] The barrel 1 comprises an outer shell 101 and an inner liner 102, as shown in the drawings. Figure 2 The inner liner 102 is formed by a plurality of sub-liners which are overlapped with each other, i.e. the sub-liners are installed from top to bottom along the inner wall of the outer shell, the number of the sub-liners is 3-5, and the sub-liners are overlapped with each other, the plurality of sub-liners form a continuous wall after being overlapped, the position of the overlap is defined as the overlap part 11, each sub-liner has one or two overlap parts, i.e. the sub-liner at the two ends of the barrel has one overlap part, and the sub-liner in the middle has two overlap parts.

[0051] The gap region is provided with first and second openings on the same section or different sections along the inner wall and the outer wall of the inner liner, i.e. the overlap part 11 is provided with first and second openings 1101 and 1102 along the L direction, and the structure includes stepped, mortise and tenon, bevel and toothed connection, as shown in FIGS. 3(a), (b), (c) and (d), wherein FIG. 3(a) shows a stepped type, in the embodiment of the present application, the stepped type overlap manner is not limited to the one-stage stepped type shown in the figure, and can be two-stage stepped type or more than two-stage stepped type; FIG. 3(b) shows a mortise and tenon type, FIG. 3(c) shows a bevel type, and FIG. 3(d) shows a toothed connection type. In the embodiment of the present application, the structure of the overlap part is not limited to the above four ways, and can be a combination of stepped type and bevel type, or a combination of stepped type and toothed connection type, etc., as long as the gap region between the two adjacent sub-liners is formed and the product is not in direct contact with the inner wall of the metal shell.

[0052] The two sub-liners which are overlapped at the overlap part are partially overlapped, the length of the overlap part is h, which is controlled within the range of 5-100 mm, the purpose is to prevent the particles in the fluidized state inside the non-metallic liner from contacting the metal shell, and the gap region d is formed between the overlap parts, the gap d is controlled within the range of 2-30 mm, the purpose is to eliminate the difference in thermal expansion between the non-metallic liner and the metal barrel wall due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient, so that the metal shell and the inner liner can freely expand.

[0053] Each sub-liner is connected with the metal shell in the circumferential direction by bolts or pins, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Figure 2 When the fixed connection is bolt connection, a plurality of clamping grooves 103 are arranged on the plurality of sub-liners away from the overlap part in the circumferential direction of the inner liner, as shown in FIG. 2, the bottom of the clamping groove is provided with a threaded hole 104, and the inner wall of the outer shell is provided with a receiving part 105 corresponding to the clamping groove, and the solder or screw is connected with the receiving part 105 through the threaded hole 104 to realize fixation. Figure 4 When the fixed connection is riveting and pin connection, as shown in FIG. 1, the bottom of the clamping groove is provided with a threaded hole 104, and the inner wall of the outer shell is provided with a receiving part 105 corresponding to the clamping groove, and the solder or screw is connected with the receiving part 105 through the threaded hole 104 to realize fixation. Figure 5As shown, a plurality of through holes 106 are arranged on the plurality of sub-liners away from the lap joint position along the circumferential direction of the liner, and the rivets or pins are fixedly connected with the receiving part 105 through the through holes 106. When the plurality of sub-liners are fixed with the inner wall surface of the shell after being lapped, the gap between the outer surface of the liner and the inner wall surface of the shell is 5-150 mm, preferably 6-20 mm.

[0054] The shell is a metal shell, and the liner is a non-metal liner. The interior of the non-metal liner is a cavity, which sequentially includes a feeding section, a reaction section and a discharging section from top to bottom. A seed crystal feeding port and a waste gas outlet are arranged on the feeding section. The reaction section is provided with a heating device 6. The heating device 6 is fixedly installed outside the cylinder 1 (i.e. the shell 101). The heating device includes a heater 601 and a heat preservation layer 602, as shown in Figure 1 As shown, the heater is an electric heater, which includes a plurality of electric heating rods 6011, which are attached to and fixedly installed on the outer wall surface of the cylinder 1, as shown in Figure 6 As shown, the heat preservation layer 602 is wrapped outside the electric heater 601.

[0055] As another preferred embodiment, the heater 601 is an induction heater, as shown in Figure 7 As shown, the heater is arranged outside the heat preservation layer 602, and the heat preservation layer 602 is wrapped outside the cylinder 1.

[0056] A distributor 7 is arranged in the discharging section, as shown in Figure 1 and 8 As shown, the gas inlet 4 and the discharging port 5 are arranged on the distributor. The distributor includes:

[0057] A flange plate 701, which is provided with a plurality of flange connection holes arranged along the circumference at the edge, and is connected with the bottom flange of the shell 101 through bolts;

[0058] A gas inlet chamber 702, which is arranged on one side of the flange plate 701 and is integrally formed with the flange plate 701, and is provided with an annular partition plate 703 inside, which divides the gas inlet chamber 702 into a concentric inner gas inlet chamber 7021 and an outer gas inlet chamber 7022;

[0059] A gas inlet 704, which is divided into an inner gas inlet 7041 and an outer gas inlet 7042. The inner gas inlet 7041 is in communication with the inner gas inlet chamber 7021, and the outer gas inlet 7042 is in communication with the outer gas inlet chamber 7022, which is used for different reaction gases to enter the gas inlet chamber;

[0060] A discharging port 5, which is arranged on the top of the gas inlet chamber 702. The discharging port is connected with a discharging pipe, which penetrates through the middle part of the gas inlet chamber and extends out of the gas inlet chamber;

[0061] The gas inlet hole 4 is arranged at the top of the gas inlet chamber 702 and is used for leading the reaction gas in the gas inlet chamber into the reaction section through the gas inlet hole. The gas inlet hole is composed of a plurality of inner ring gas inlet holes 401 and outer ring gas inlet holes 402. The inner ring gas inlet holes correspond to the positions of the inner gas inlet chamber, and the outer ring gas inlet holes correspond to the positions of the outer gas inlet chamber.

[0062] The mounting position of the distributor has two modes, i.e. upward arrangement and downward arrangement, and is respectively as follows:

[0063] When the distributor 7 is arranged upwardly, as shown in the figure, Figure 1 the gas inlet chamber is arranged above the flange plate and extends into the cylinder body, the inner gas inlet and the outer gas inlet are arranged on the flange plate, and the gas inlet hole is arranged on the gas inlet chamber and located at the top position.

[0064] When the distributor 7 is arranged downwardly, as shown in the figure, Figure 9 the gas inlet chamber is arranged below the flange plate and outside the cylinder body, the inner gas inlet is arranged on the inner gas inlet chamber and located at the bottom position, the outer gas inlet is arranged on the outer gas inlet chamber and located at the bottom position, and the gas inlet hole is arranged on the flange plate.

[0065] The fluidized bed reactor is used for preparing granular silicon, and the preparation is specifically as follows:

[0066] 1) the heating device arranged outside the cylinder body is opened, so that the temperature of the heating area of the reaction section is 600-800 DEG C, and simultaneously, the process gas enters the inner gas inlet chamber and the outer gas inlet chamber through the inner gas inlet and the outer gas inlet of the distributor, and enters the reaction section of the fluidized bed reactor through the inner ring gas inlet hole and the outer ring gas inlet hole above the inner gas inlet chamber and the outer gas inlet chamber;

[0067] 2) after the seed silicon enters the fluidized bed reactor through the seed feeding port of the feeding section, the composition and ratio of the process gas are changed, the process gas drives the seed, and the reaction is carried out in a fluidized state;

[0068] 3) after the internal fluidization of the fluidized bed reactor tends to be stable, the reaction is carried out in the heating area, the seed silicon grows to become product granular silicon, and the product granular silicon is discharged from the discharge port of the distributor, and the tail gas after the reaction is discharged through the waste gas outlet of the feeding section.

[0069] The device has simple structure, the special lap joint structure of the non-metal inner lining enables the inner lining and the shell to freely expand in the heating state, the whole equipment does not need to use corrugated pipes or springs to eliminate thermal expansion stress, the technical problems of easy damage of the inner lining and low service life caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the metal shell and the non-metal inner lining material are effectively solved, and the device has simple and reliable structure. The heater is arranged at the outermost side of the cylinder body, so that the spacing between the shell and the inner lining is minimized, and the heat transfer efficiency is greatly increased. The granular silicon prepared by using the device has good quality and can be widely applied.

Claims

1. A fluidized bed reactor comprising a cylinder, a seed crystal feed port and an exhaust gas outlet provided at the top of the cylinder, and a gas inlet and a discharge outlet provided at the bottom of the cylinder, characterized in that: The barrel comprises an outer shell and an inner liner, the inner liner is formed by a plurality of sub-liners which are overlapped with each other, a gap region is formed at the overlapping part, the gap region is provided with a first opening and a second opening on the same section or different sections along the inner wall and the outer wall of the inner liner; and the plurality of sub-liners are fixedly connected with the outer shell respectively.

2. A fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of sub-liners are overlapped with each other to form a continuous wall, the overlapping mode comprises a stepped type, a mortise and tenon type, an inclined surface type or a toothed type; and the fixed connection refers to that each sub-liner is fixedly connected with the outer shell made of metal through bolt connection or pin connection in the circumferential direction.

3. A fluidized bed reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the fixed connection is the bolt connection, a plurality of clamping grooves are arranged on the plurality of sub-liners away from the overlapping part and along the circumferential direction of the inner liner, a through hole is arranged at the bottom of the clamping groove, a receiving part corresponding to the clamping groove is arranged on the inner wall surface of the outer shell, and the bolt is connected with the receiving part through the through hole to realize the fixation.

4. A fluidized bed reactor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The outer shell is a metal shell, the inner liner is a non-metal liner, the inside of the non-metal liner is a cavity, and the non-metal liner comprises a feeding section, a reaction section and a discharging section from top to bottom, the seed crystal feeding port and the waste gas outlet are arranged on the feeding section, the reaction section is provided with a heating device, and the heating device is fixedly installed outside the outer shell; and the discharging section is provided with a distributor, and the gas inlet and the discharging port are arranged on the distributor.

5. A fluidized bed reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The distributor comprises: a flange plate, a plurality of flange connection holes are arranged on the edge of the flange plate in the circumferential direction, and the flange plate is connected with the bottom flange of the outer shell through bolts; a gas inlet chamber, which is arranged on one side of the flange plate and integrally formed with the flange plate, and is provided with an annular partition plate inside to divide the gas inlet chamber into a concentric inner gas inlet chamber and an outer gas inlet chamber; a gas inlet, which is divided into an inner gas inlet and an outer gas inlet, the inner gas inlet is communicated with the inner gas inlet chamber, and the outer gas inlet is communicated with the outer gas inlet chamber, and is used for different reaction gases to enter the gas inlet chamber; a discharging port, which is arranged on the top of the gas inlet chamber, and a discharging pipe is connected with the discharging port, the discharging pipe penetrates through the middle part of the gas inlet chamber and extends out of the gas inlet chamber; a gas inlet hole, which is arranged on the top of the gas inlet chamber and is used for the reaction gas in the gas inlet chamber to enter the reaction section through the gas inlet hole, the gas inlet hole is composed of a plurality of inner ring gas inlet holes and outer ring gas inlet holes, the inner ring gas inlet holes correspond to the positions of the inner gas inlet chamber, and the outer ring gas inlet holes correspond to the positions of the outer gas inlet chamber.

6. A fluidized bed reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas inlet chamber is arranged above the flange plate and extends into the barrel, the inner gas inlet and the outer gas inlet are arranged on the flange plate, and the gas inlet hole is arranged on the gas inlet chamber and located at the top position.

7. A fluidized bed reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas inlet chamber is arranged below the flange plate and located outside the barrel, the inner gas inlet is arranged on the inner gas inlet chamber and located at the bottom position, the outer gas inlet is arranged on the outer gas inlet chamber and located at the bottom position, and the gas inlet hole is arranged on the flange plate.

8. A fluidized bed reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heating device comprises a heater and a heat preservation layer. The heater is an electric heater, comprising a plurality of electric heating rods which are fixedly installed in contact with the outer wall surface of the barrel body, and the heat preservation layer is wrapped outside the electric heater. Alternatively, the heater is an induction heater which is arranged outside the outer layer of the heat preservation layer, and the heat preservation layer is wrapped outside the barrel body.

9. A fluidized bed reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The gap between the inner wall surface of the shell and the outer surface of the inner liner is 5-150 mm, and specifically 6-20 mm.

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