Exhaust ejector

Abstract

The utility model discloses an exhaust ejector which comprises an integrated lubricating oil radiator. The flow guide injection funnel is formed into an asymmetric shape relative to the axial direction of the exhaust outlet of the APU body and is provided with a conical surface, a connector and an introduction opening, the width of the conical surface on the whole circumference is not constant, and the imaginary plane of the introduction opening inclines towards the direction of the injection airflow relative to the axial direction; when the ejector shell and the integrated lubricating oil radiator are mounted together, the outer peripheral wall of the ejector shell and the inner peripheral wall of an ejector frame of the integrated lubricating oil radiator form a complete wall surface for accommodating the flow guide ejection funnel; and the mounting hoop is used for forming an anti-surge exhaust cavity and an injection airflow cavity which are independent from each other in the exhaust ejector through the flow guide injection funnel. The layout is simple, the injection efficiency is high, the injection flow is large, and the influence of anti-surge exhaust on the injection airflow efficiency can be eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to an exhaust ejector, and more particularly to an exhaust ejector for an auxiliary power device. Background Technology

[0002] The auxiliary power unit (hereinafter referred to as "APU") of civil aircraft is usually installed in the APU compartment and tail cone in the tail section of the fuselage. The APU compartment is a designated fire zone, and ventilation and cooling are particularly critical to avoid exceeding the limits of compartment temperature and lubricating oil temperature.

[0003] Ventilation cooling typically takes two forms. One method uses a cooling fan, which draws in outside cooling air through a high-speed rotating impeller, increasing the airflow pressure, and then blows the airflow into the APU compartment through cooling ducts for ventilation and cooling. The other method uses an exhaust ejector. By installing an exhaust ejector at the exhaust port of the APU body, the high-speed exhaust from the APU body ejects the airflow inside the APU compartment, creating a low-pressure environment at the ventilation port relative to the outside, thereby drawing in outside cooling air.

[0004] Cooling fans have rotating parts and require power input to operate. They also typically require long cooling airflow ducts before and after the cooling fan, making them complex in structure. This makes it difficult to create a continuous and reliable cooling airflow field that covers the entire APU compartment. Furthermore, the size of the cooling vent openings on the fuselage is difficult to control, which greatly affects the overall layout and weight of the aircraft.

[0005] The exhaust ejector has a simple structure, high reliability, and light weight. It has low requirements for ventilation and cooling openings and has virtually no impact on the overall aircraft layout. In addition, using an ejector to expel airflow from the APU compartment, the further mixing of the APU compartment cooling air and the high-temperature APU exhaust is beneficial for the protection of components surrounding the exhaust.

[0006] Current exhaust ejector systems primarily involve installing a larger-diameter, arc-shaped, axisymmetric sleeve structure at the exhaust outlet. High-temperature, high-speed exhaust gas is injected into the sleeve from the exhaust port, creating a localized low-pressure area within the sleeve structure. Air surrounding the sleeve is drawn in due to the pressure difference, resulting in the ejection effect. Since engine exhaust outlets are typically axisymmetric, the axisymmetric sleeve structure effectively ensures uniform air intake from all locations, allowing for even mixing of exhaust and air. Furthermore, the arc-shaped lip at the sleeve inlet reduces overall pressure loss and creates a favorable flow field. However, aircraft APU ventilation and cooling vents are not located on the axisymmetric plane of the APU compartment; they are usually located on the upper fuselage or side skin. A stable and reliable ventilation airflow is required throughout the APU compartment, necessitating a high ejector airflow rate. The arc-shaped lip at the inlet of the arc-shaped, axisymmetric sleeve structure significantly obstructs the ejector flow area, potentially leading to insufficient ejector flow to meet ventilation requirements. Furthermore, APU body lubricating oil cooling relies on the exhaust ejector airflow passing through the lubricating oil cooler for heat exchange with the lubricating oil. The lubricating oil cooler is usually located on one side of the APU body. Traditional arc-shaped axisymmetric sleeve ejectors do not consider reserving an airflow path at the lubricating oil cooler installation location. The lubricating oil cooler will obstruct the large flow of cooling airflow, resulting in lubricating oil cooling efficiency failing to meet design requirements, and also easily causing the APU compartment temperature to exceed the limit. The APU body load compressor end usually has an anti-surge design. In order to match the load end bleed air pressure requirements, excess air is directly discharged through the ejector exhaust system via anti-surge valves and pipelines. At this time, the anti-surge exhaust directly mixes with the high-speed exhaust air of the APU body in the ejector, which will disrupt the airflow and is not conducive to the mixing of exhaust air and ejector airflow in the exhaust ejector, affecting ejection efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0007] This utility model is made to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Its purpose is to provide an exhaust ejector with a simple layout, high ejection efficiency, large ejection flow rate, and the ability to eliminate the impact of anti-surge exhaust on the ejection airflow efficiency.

[0008] This utility model relates to an exhaust ejector, comprising: an integrated oil cooler having an oil cooler and an ejector frame, the integrated oil cooler being configured to allow ejector airflow to pass through; an ejector cover, one end of which is connected to the exhaust outlet of the APU body, and the other end of which is connected to the ejector housing; a flow-guiding ejector funnel, the flow-guiding ejector funnel being asymmetrically shaped relative to the axial direction of the exhaust outlet of the APU body, having a conical surface, an interface, and an inlet, the width of the conical surface being non-constant over its circumference, and the imaginary surface of the inlet being inclined relative to the axial direction towards the direction of the ejector airflow; and an ejector housing. The ejector housing includes an outer peripheral wall, an anti-surge exhaust port, an opening, and a base plate. The opening is located in the middle of the base plate, and the anti-surge exhaust port is located on the outer peripheral wall away from the integrated lubricating oil radiator. When the ejector housing is installed together with the integrated lubricating oil radiator, the outer peripheral wall and the inner peripheral wall of the ejector frame together form a complete wall surface for receiving the flow-guiding ejector funnel. A mounting clamp is also included, with one end engaging with the opening of the ejector housing and the other end engaging with the port of the exhaust pipe. Through the flow-guiding ejector funnel, independent anti-surge exhaust chambers and ejector airflow chambers are formed within the exhaust ejector.

[0009] According to the exhaust ejector structure, the flow guide ejector funnel is formed in an asymmetrical shape relative to the axial direction of the exhaust outlet of the APU body. The flow guide ejector funnel and the ejector housing are combined to form an independent anti-surge exhaust chamber and an ejector airflow chamber, which separates the anti-surge exhaust from the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust from the APU body. This can eliminate the influence of the anti-surge exhaust on the ejector airflow and is more conducive to improving the ejection efficiency.

[0010] Ideally, the exhaust ejector should adjust the size and installation direction of the guide ejector funnel according to the heat dissipation requirements of the lubricating oil radiator and / or the ventilation requirements of the APU compartment.

[0011] This allows for a comprehensive consideration of the heat dissipation requirements of the lubricating oil radiator and / or the ventilation requirements of the APU compartment, enabling flexible responses.

[0012] In addition, the exhaust ejector is configured such that the volume of the ejector airflow chamber is larger than the volume of the anti-surge exhaust chamber.

[0013] This increases the flow area of ​​the ejector airflow and increases the ejection volume.

[0014] Ideally, the oil radiator and ejector frame should be fixed as a single unit.

[0015] According to this structure, the oil cooler can be easily installed relative to the ejector housing. Simply fix the ejector frame relative to the ejector housing, and the oil cooler will be fixed relative to the ejector housing.

[0016] Furthermore, the ejector frame is formed in the shape of an arch bridge when viewed from the side, with the top surface for mounting the lubricating oil cooler. The frame and the ejector housing together form a space to accommodate the flow-guiding ejector funnel.

[0017] According to this structure, the ejector frame can be used as part of the ejector housing, facilitating the coupling installation of the lubricating oil radiator and the exhaust ejector.

[0018] Ideally, the flow-guiding ejector funnel is fixed to the ejector housing by welding.

[0019] This allows the flow-guiding ejector funnel to be easily and securely installed on the ejector housing.

[0020] In addition, the oil radiator and ejector frame are fixed together as a single unit by bolts and nuts.

[0021] This structure allows for easy disassembly of the oil cooler. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is an exploded view showing the structure of the exhaust ejector according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 The diagram shows the connection structure of the exhaust ejector according to an embodiment of the present invention. (a) is a perspective view after the lubricating oil radiator is removed, and (b) is a side view.

[0024] Figure 3 This is an exploded view showing the connection structure of the exhaust ejector according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the exhaust path of the exhaust ejector of the present invention, (a) is a side view, (b) is a cross-sectional view AA of (a), and (c) is a cross-sectional view BB of (a).

[0026] Figure 5 These are three views showing the structure of the flow guide ejector funnel of the exhaust ejector according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0027] Figure 6 These are three views illustrating the structure of the ejector housing of the exhaust ejector according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 These are three views showing the structure of the integrated lubricating oil radiator of the exhaust ejector according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] (Symbol Explanation)

[0030] P exhaust ejector

[0031] 1 Integrated oil radiator

[0032] 2 ejector caps

[0033] 3. Guided ejector funnel

[0034] 4. Ejector housing

[0035] 5. Install clamps

[0036] 6APU exhaust outlet

[0037] 7 Exhaust pipes

[0038] S1 ejector gas chamber

[0039] S2 Anti-asthma Exhaust Chamber Detailed Implementation

[0040] The preferred embodiments of the utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same symbols are used to denote the same constituent parts, and repeated descriptions are sometimes omitted. Additionally, in the drawings, dimensions and shapes are sometimes exaggerated to facilitate understanding of the present utility model. Furthermore, in the following detailed description, directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "longitudinal," and "transverse" are used for illustrative purposes and not for limitation.

[0041] First refer to Figure 1 The structure of the exhaust ejector according to an embodiment of this utility model will be described. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the exhaust ejector P mainly includes an integrated lubricating oil radiator 1, an ejector cover 2, a flow guiding ejector funnel 3, an ejector housing 4, and a mounting clamp 5.

[0042] Regarding the integrated oil radiator 1, such as Figure 7 As shown, the system mainly includes an oil radiator 11 and an ejector frame 12, which are fixedly connected as a whole by bolts and nuts. The oil radiator 11 is a known type of oil radiator, and its detailed description is omitted here. As a schematic structure, the oil radiator 11 includes a radiator housing 111 through which gas can pass and reinforcing ribs 112. The ejector frame 12 is made of stainless steel and is roughly arched when viewed from the side. The top surface 121 is for mounting the oil radiator 11, and the frame portion 122 together with the ejector housing 4 forms a space for accommodating the flow-guiding ejector funnel 3.

[0043] The ejector cover 2 is made of stainless steel, and its two ends are connected to the APU body exhaust outlet 6 and the ejector housing 4, respectively. The APU body exhaust outlet 6 is located in the APU body and is used to discharge the high-temperature, high-speed airflow generated inside the APU body.

[0044] The flow-guiding ejector funnel 3 is made of stainless steel and is installed inside the ejector housing 4 by welding or other means. It is further secured to the ejector housing 4 by an integrated oil cooler 1 and an ejector cover 2. Figure 5 As shown, the flow guide ejector funnel 3 is roughly funnel-shaped, including a conical surface 31, an interface 32, and an inlet 33. The width of the conical surface 31 is not constant over its entire circumference; that is, the flow guide ejector funnel 3 is asymmetrically shaped relative to the airflow discharge direction, i.e., the axial direction L of the APU body exhaust outlet 6. When the flow guide ejector funnel 3 is installed inside the ejector housing 4, the imaginary surface of the inlet 33, i.e., the closed surface of the inlet 33, is inclined towards the oil cooler 11 of the integrated oil cooler 1; that is, the imaginary surface of the inlet 33 is inclined towards the direction of the ejected airflow relative to the axial direction of the APU body exhaust outlet 6. The angle formed with the axial direction L of the APU body exhaust outlet 6 is θ, where θ is less than 90°.

[0045] The ejector housing 4 is made of stainless steel, such as Figure 6 As shown, it includes an outer peripheral wall 42, an anti-surge vent 41, an opening 43, and a base plate 44. The outer peripheral wall 42 is formed by partially cutting off the cylindrical shell. When the ejector shell 4 is installed together with the integrated oil cooler 1, the outer peripheral wall 42, together with the inner peripheral wall of the ejector frame 12, forms a complete wall surface for receiving the flow-guiding ejector funnel 3. The opening 43 is located in the middle of the base plate 44. After being engaged with the mounting clamp 5 (described later), it communicates with the exhaust pipe 7 through the mounting clamp 5. The anti-surge vent 41 is located on the outer peripheral wall 42 away from the integrated oil cooler.

[0046] The mounting clamp 5 is made of stainless steel and is used to install and connect the ejector housing 4 and the exhaust pipe 7. One end of the mounting clamp 5 is engaged with the opening 43 of the ejector housing 4, and the other end is engaged with the port of the exhaust pipe 7.

[0047] like Figure 6 As shown, after the guide jet funnel 3 is installed in the ejector housing 4, two cavities, namely the anti-surge exhaust cavity S2 and the ejector airflow cavity S1, can be formed in the exhaust ejector P through the guide jet funnel 3. In this way, the anti-surge exhaust and the ejector airflow can be separated. Ideally, the volume of the ejector airflow cavity S1 is larger than the volume of the anti-surge exhaust cavity S2.

[0048] Next, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The installation method of the exhaust ejector according to the present invention will be described.

[0049] Figure 2 The diagram shows the connection structure of the exhaust ejector according to an embodiment of the present invention. (a) is a perspective view after the lubricating oil radiator is removed, and (b) is a side view. Figure 3 This is an exploded view showing the connection structure of the exhaust ejector according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] The installation method is as follows:

[0051] 1) Weld the flow guiding and ejector funnel 3 into the ejector housing 4;

[0052] 2) Connect the integrated oil cooler 1 to the ejector housing 4 with bolts;

[0053] 3) The ejector cover 2 is connected to the integrated lubricating oil radiator 1 and the ejector housing 4 by welding to form a sealed space;

[0054] 4) Connect one end of the mounting clamp 5 to the opening 43 of the ejector housing 4, and the other end to the port of the exhaust pipe 7.

[0055] According to the exhaust ejector P of this utility model embodiment, the ejector housing 4 can be used as part of the lubricating oil radiator. The flow guiding ejector funnel 3 is fixedly installed inside the exhaust ejector P via the ejector cover 2, the ejector housing 4, and the integrated lubricating oil radiator 1.

[0056] During operation, the flow-guiding ejector funnel 3 and the ejector housing 4 together separate the anti-surge exhaust from the APU compartment from the high-temperature, high-pressure exhaust from the APU body. The anti-surge exhaust enters the anti-surge exhaust chamber S2 formed by the flow-guiding ejector funnel 3 and the ejector housing 4 through the anti-surge exhaust port 41 located in the ejector housing 4, and then directly reaches the exhaust pipe 7 through the gap between the flow-guiding ejector funnel 3 and the mounting clamp 5, without affecting the ejection effect of the high-temperature, high-pressure exhaust from the APU body.

[0057] High-temperature, high-pressure exhaust gas exits from the APU exhaust outlet 6 located within the APU body. Through ejection, a localized low pressure is created at the guide ejector funnel 3, causing air within the APU compartment to flow through the lubricating oil radiator 11 towards the low-pressure area of ​​the exhaust ejector P, thus providing ventilation and cooling for the APU compartment. Furthermore, the airflow passes through the lubricating oil radiator 11 before entering the exhaust ejector P, also contributing to lubricating oil cooling.

[0058] The exhaust ejector P of this invention can adjust the size and installation direction of the guide ejector funnel 3 according to the heat dissipation requirements of the lubricating oil radiator and the ventilation requirements of the APU compartment, so that the ejector airflow can pass through the lubricating oil radiator and enter the exhaust ejector P without obstruction, forming a stable ventilation airflow in the APU compartment, which is beneficial to improving the ventilation and cooling efficiency in the APU compartment.

[0059] Compared to the traditional structure that uses an axisymmetric arc-shaped lip to eject air, the guide ejector funnel 3 can expand the flow area of ​​the ejector air. The asymmetric funnel ejector structure can be combined with the ejector housing 4 to form a separate cavity, so that the anti-surge exhaust does not affect the ejector efficiency. Furthermore, the asymmetric funnel ejector structure changes the traditional axisymmetric ejector structure's uniform air intake pattern around the perimeter, which is more conducive to concentrating a large amount of ejector airflow through the lubricating oil radiator, thereby increasing the lubricating oil heat exchange effect.

[0060] The exhaust ejector with the above structure has the following excellent effects:

[0061] 1) The flow guide funnel 3 and the ejector housing 4 are combined to form two independent cavities, which separate the anti-surge exhaust from the high temperature and high pressure exhaust from the APU body, eliminate the impact of the anti-surge exhaust on the ejector airflow, and are more conducive to improving the ejector efficiency.

[0062] 2) The flow guide funnel 3 increases the flow area of ​​the ejector airflow, increases the ejector volume, and can reduce the obstruction of the ejector airflow passing through the lubricating oil radiator according to the installation position of the lubricating oil radiator, which is more conducive to the ventilation and cooling effect of the entire APU compartment.

[0063] 3) Taking into account both exhaust ejection and anti-surge exhaust, the design integrates exhaust ejection and anti-surge exhaust through simple physical isolation, eliminating the need to consider separate anti-surge exhaust passages and additional interfaces, resulting in a simple structure.

[0064] The embodiments and variations of this utility model have been described above. However, it should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments and structures. This disclosure also includes various variations and modifications within the same scope. In addition, various combinations and methods, and further combinations and methods containing only one element, or more or less thereof, also fall within the scope and concept of this disclosure.

Claims

1. An exhaust ejector (P), characterized in that, include: An integrated oil radiator (1) having an oil radiator (11) and an ejector frame (12), the integrated oil radiator being configured to allow ejector airflow to pass through; Ejector cover (2), one end of which is connected to the exhaust outlet (6) of the APU body, and the other end is connected to the ejector housing; The flow guide ejector funnel (3) is formed in an asymmetrical shape relative to the axial direction (L) of the exhaust outlet of the APU body. It has a conical surface (31), an interface (32) and an inlet (33). The width of the conical surface is not constant over the whole circumference. The imaginary surface of the inlet is inclined in the direction of the ejector airflow relative to the axial direction. The ejector housing (4) includes an outer peripheral wall (42), an anti-surge vent (41), an opening (43), and a base plate (44). The opening is located in the middle of the base plate, and the anti-surge vent is located on the outer peripheral wall away from the integrated lubricating oil radiator. When the ejector housing is installed together with the integrated lubricating oil radiator, the outer peripheral wall and the inner peripheral wall of the ejector frame together form a complete wall surface for receiving the flow guiding ejector funnel. as well as The mounting clamp (5) has one end engaged with the opening of the ejector housing and the other end engaged with the port of the exhaust pipe (7). Through the flow-guiding ejector funnel, an independent anti-surge exhaust chamber (S2) and an ejector airflow chamber (S1) are formed within the exhaust ejector.

2. The exhaust ejector as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The exhaust ejector sets the size and installation direction of the flow guide ejector funnel, so that the ejector airflow can pass through the lubricating oil radiator and enter the exhaust ejector without obstruction.

3. The exhaust ejector as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The volume of the ejector airflow chamber is greater than the volume of the anti-surge exhaust chamber.

4. The exhaust ejector as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lubricating oil radiator and the ejector frame are fixed as a single unit.

5. The exhaust ejector as described in claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The ejector frame is formed in the shape of an arch bridge when viewed from the side. The top surface (121) is for mounting the lubricating oil radiator. The frame part (122) together with the ejector housing forms a space to accommodate the flow guiding ejector funnel.

6. The exhaust ejector as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The flow-guiding ejector funnel is fixed to the ejector housing by welding.

7. The exhaust ejector as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The lubricating oil radiator and the ejector frame are fixed together as a single unit by bolts and nuts.

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