High-power power divider and electronic equipment
By adopting a hybrid input coaxial line and microstrip line coupler design, combined with a transformer and a high permeability magnetic ring, the problems of low power and narrow frequency of the power divider are solved, realizing a high-power and wide-frequency power divider design with small size, suitable for communication, radar, electronic countermeasures and measurement and testing fields.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423095464.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-28
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing power dividers have low power and a narrow operating frequency range, making it impossible to meet both high power and wide frequency requirements.
A hybrid coupler is constructed using an input coaxial line and an output microstrip line. Combining the characteristics of coaxial lines and microstrip lines, an input coaxial line with appropriate length and characteristic impedance is designed. Impedance conversion is achieved using a transformer, and a nickel-zinc ferrite magnetic ring is used to achieve wideband high power and small size.
It achieves efficient power distribution of high-power power dividers in a wide frequency range of 20MHz to 1GHz, with small size and meets impedance matching requirements.
Smart Images
Figure CN223612663U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power divider, and in particular to a high-power power divider and electronic equipment. BACKGROUND
[0002] The power divider, also known as a power distributor, is an electronic device mainly used for uniformly distributing the power of an input signal to multiple output ports. It is widely used in communication, radar, electronic countermeasures, measurement and testing fields.
[0003] In the related art, the power divider has a relatively small power, generally only a few tens of milliwatts, and a relatively narrow working frequency range. CONTENT OF THE INVENTION
[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide a high-power power divider and electronic equipment to solve the problem that the power divider in the related art cannot achieve a wide working frequency range and high power.
[0005] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a high-power power divider, comprising: a circuit board and an input coaxial line, a transformer, a plurality of output microstrip lines and a ground terminal arranged on the circuit board; the transformer is used to realize impedance conversion, the transformer is connected at the connection of the input coaxial line and the plurality of output microstrip lines, and the transformer is electrically connected with the ground terminal to form a power dividing circuit of the high-power power divider.
[0006] In some embodiments, the transformer comprises a magnetic ring and a first coaxial line, the magnetic ring is arranged on the circuit board, and the first coaxial line passes through the magnetic ring, and the first coaxial line is connected at the connection of the input coaxial line and the plurality of output microstrip lines.
[0007] In some embodiments, the transformer comprises a plurality of coupling components arranged on the circuit board, the coupling component comprises a magnetic ring and a first coaxial line passing through the magnetic ring.
[0008] In some embodiments, the first coaxial line has the same structure as the input coaxial line.
[0009] In some embodiments, the magnetic ring is made of nickel-zinc ferrite material, and the magnetic permeability of the magnetic ring is greater than or equal to 1000.
[0010] In some embodiments, the length of the input coaxial line is one-eighth of the minimum wavelength.
[0011] In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the input coaxial line is 2mm-6mm.
[0012] In some embodiments, the input coaxial line is a semi-rigid coaxial line.
[0013] In some embodiments, the operating frequency range of the high-power power divider is 20MHz-1GHz.
[0014] In some embodiments, the number of the output microstrip lines is two, and an isolation resistor is connected between the two output microstrip lines.
[0015] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide an electronic device, comprising a shell and the high-power power divider as described in the first aspect, wherein one side wall of the shell in a first direction is provided with an input connector, and the other side wall is provided with a plurality of output connectors; the first direction is perpendicular to the height direction of the shell; the high-power power divider is arranged in the shell, the input coaxial line is electrically connected with the input connector of the high-power power divider, and the plurality of output connectors are electrically connected with the plurality of output microstrip lines of the high-power power divider in one-to-one correspondence.
[0016] The high-power power divider provided by the embodiments of the present application adopts an input coaxial line and an output microstrip line as the input end and the output end of the power dividing circuit of the high-power power divider, so that the high-power power divider combines the characteristics of the coaxial line and the microstrip line to form a hybrid coupler. In this way, on the one hand, the user can select an input coaxial line with a proper length and characteristic impedance according to the application scenario of the high-power power divider to solve the problem of impedance matching; on the other hand, the high-power power divider has the characteristics of wide operating frequency and large power under the premise of meeting the performance; at the same time, such a design is conducive to reducing the size of the high-power power divider, so that the high-power power divider meets the requirements of wide operating frequency range, large power and small size. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.
[0018] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a high-power power divider in some embodiments of the present application;
[0019] Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a partial structural diagram of the high-power power divider in FIG. 1 from one perspective; Figure 1
[0020] Figure 3 FIG. 3 is an equivalent faraway diagram of a power dividing circuit of the high-power power divider in FIG. 1; Figure 1
[0021] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a high-power power divider in some embodiments of the present application;Figure 1 the transmission principle diagram of the high-power power divider in the high frequency band;
[0022] Figure 5 for Figure 1 the transmission principle diagram of the high-power power divider in the high frequency band.
[0023] Explanation of reference signs:
[0024] 10, housing; 11, housing body; 111, first opening; 112, second opening; 12, upper cover; 13, input connector; 14, output connector;
[0025] 20, circuit board; 201, impedance conversion unit; 202, power distribution unit;
[0026] 21, input coaxial line; 22, transformer; 221, magnetic ring; 222, first coaxial line; 23, output microstrip line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0028] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.
[0029] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; for those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above-mentioned terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0030] The terms "first", "second", etc. are used only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or an indicated number of the technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise specified.
[0031] A power divider, also known as a power splitter, is an electronic device that is mainly used to uniformly distribute the power of an input signal to multiple output ports. It is widely used in communication, radar, electronic countermeasures, measurement and testing, etc.
[0032] The power divider in the related art has a small power, generally only a few tens of milliwatts, and a narrow working frequency range.
[0033] To solve the above problems, the present application provides an electronic device comprising a shell and a high-power power divider. The high-power power divider is referred to as a power divider.
[0034] As shown in Figures 1 to 3 , the power divider comprises a circuit board 20 and an input coaxial line 21 (port 1 in Figure 2 ), a transformer 22, a plurality of output microstrip lines 23 (ports 3 and 4 in Figure 2 ) and a ground terminal (port 2 in Figure 2 ); the transformer 22 is used to realize impedance conversion, the transformer 22 is connected at the connection of the input coaxial line 21 and the plurality of output microstrip lines 23, and the transformer 22 is electrically connected with the ground terminal to form a power dividing circuit of the power divider.
[0035] The above power dividing circuit mainly plays a role of impedance matching and power distribution. The schematic diagram of the power dividing circuit is as shown in Figure 3 . The above transformer 22 is used to realize impedance conversion, and the equivalent circuit is as shown in Figure 3 the impedance conversion unit 201 (part surrounded by a dashed line in Figure 2 ), and the equivalent circuit of the above plurality of output microstrip lines 23 is as shown in Figure 3 the power distribution unit 202 (part surrounded by a double dashed line in Figure 2 ).
[0036] The above output microstrip line 23 is a microstrip line as an output terminal. The microstrip line is a transmission line composed of a metal conductor line deposited on a dielectric substrate and a ground plate. The basic structure of the microstrip line has two kinds of symmetric microstrip line and asymmetric microstrip line. The microstrip line has the advantages of small volume, light weight, wide frequency band, and integrability.
[0037] The input coaxial line 21 is a coaxial line as an input end. The coaxial line is composed of a split conductor column and can propagate a transverse electromagnetic wave. From the perspective of the split conductor column structure and the transmission of the transverse electromagnetic wave, the coaxial line has relatively less signal attenuation, a wide frequency band, and can theoretically cover the full frequency band, and is a relatively optimal choice for signal transmission.
[0038] The length of the input coaxial line 21 can be determined according to the wavelength, impedance ratio, and other parameters of the electromagnetic wave in a specific application scenario, and is not specifically limited here.
[0039] The input coaxial line 21 and the output microstrip line 23 are respectively used as the input end and the output end of the power dividing circuit of the power divider, so that the power divider combines the characteristics of the coaxial line and the microstrip line to form a hybrid coupler. In this way, on the one hand, the user can select an input coaxial line 21 with an appropriate length and characteristic impedance according to the application scenario of the power divider to solve the impedance matching problem. On the other hand, the power divider has a wide operating frequency and a large power under the premise of meeting the performance. At the same time, such a design is beneficial to reducing the size of the power divider, so that the power divider achieves the purpose of considering a wide operating frequency range, a large power, and a small size.
[0040] Specifically, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 The number of output microstrip lines 23 is two, that is, the power divider is a two-way power divider, which realizes the purpose of dividing the power by two. The power divider of the present application can be but is not limited to a two-way power divider. Hereinafter, the two-way power divider is taken as an example, and the operating frequency range of the power divider is 20MHz-1GHz.
[0041] The two output microstrip lines 23 are connected with an isolation resistor, so as to realize signal isolation between the two output microstrip lines 23.
[0042] The housing 10 is provided with an input connector 13 on one side wall in a first direction and a plurality of output connectors 14 on the other side wall; the first direction is perpendicular to the height direction of the housing 10; the power divider is arranged in the housing 10, the input coaxial line 21 is electrically connected with the input connector 13, and the two output microstrip lines 23 are electrically connected with the two output connectors 14 one by one.
[0043] The first direction is a direction perpendicular to the height direction of the housing 10, for example, when the housing 10 is a cube, the first direction can be the length direction or the width direction of the housing 10; when the housing 10 is a cylinder, the first direction can be the radial direction. Hereinafter, the housing 10 is taken as a cube, and the first direction is taken as the length direction of the housing 10 as an example for description.
[0044] Specifically, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the shell 10 includes a shell body 11 and an upper cover 12, the shell body 11 has a cavity, the shell body 11 is provided with a first opening 111 on one side wall along a first direction, two second openings 112 are provided on the other side wall at intervals, an input connector 13 is arranged at the first opening 111, and two output connectors 14 are arranged at the second openings 112 respectively; the circuit board 20 and components (such as an input coaxial line 21, a transformer 22, etc.) on the circuit board 20 are arranged integrally in the cavity. The upper cover 12 is covered on the opening of the cavity, so as to cover the shell 10, thereby playing a sealing and dustproof role.
[0045] Generally, the shell 10 is made of metal.
[0046] It should be noted that the shell body 11 and the upper cover 12 are detachably connected by screwing, clamping or the like, so as to facilitate disassembly and assembly of the circuit board 20 and components on the circuit board 20.
[0047] As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the transformer 22 includes three coupling components arranged on the circuit board 20, each coupling component includes a magnetic ring 221 and a first coaxial line 222 passing through the magnetic ring 221, the magnetic ring 221 and the first coaxial line 222 are coupled, the three first coaxial lines 222 are electrically connected and in a T shape, and are connected with the connection part of the input coaxial line 21 and the two output microstrip lines 23 (the side close to the output end of the power distribution unit 202 in Figure 3 ). The equivalent circuit of the transformer 22 is as shown in Figure 3 , which is an impedance conversion unit 201 in the power distribution circuit. The above-mentioned arrangement realizes a specific impedance ratio.
[0048] In the low-frequency performance design process of the power divider, since one of the functions of the transformer 22 is impedance conversion, in order to reduce the loss of signal transmission caused by impedance mismatch, the impedance of the input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 needs to be considered, so the length and other parameters of the first coaxial line 222 and the input coaxial line 21 are also important. The low-frequency transmission principle diagram of the power divider is as shown in Figure 4 .
[0049] Specifically, in the arrangement process, two coupling components can be arranged side by side at one end of the circuit board 20 close to the input connector 13, and the other three coupling components are arranged at one end of the circuit board 20 close to the output connector 14 and located in the middle of the two output microstrip lines 23.
[0050] Hereinafter, the structure of the first coaxial line 222 and the input coaxial line 21 is taken as an example for description.
[0051] It should be noted that the structure of the first coaxial line 222 and the input coaxial line 21 includes the same length, diameter parameters and materials, etc.
[0052] In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the input coaxial line 21 is 2mm-6mm.
[0053] Specifically, the outer diameter of the input coaxial line 21 can be 2mm, 2.2mm, 2.5mm, 2.6mm, 2.7mm, 2.9mm, 3mm, 305mm, 4mm, 4.3mm, 4.7mm, 5mm, 5.5mm, 6mm.
[0054] Specifically, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the present embodiment, three coupling components are adopted, and the input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 have the same structure, both of which are semi-rigid coaxial lines.
[0055] The semi-rigid coaxial line is not easy to be bent into shape, and its outer conductor is made of aluminum pipe or copper pipe, which has very small radio frequency leakage (less than -120dB), and the signal crosstalk caused in the system can be ignored.
[0056] The passive intermodulation characteristics of the semi-rigid coaxial line are also very ideal. If it needs to be bent into a certain shape, a special forming machine or a manual mold is needed to complete it. The semi-rigid coaxial line uses solid polytetrafluoroethylene material as the filling medium, which has very stable temperature characteristics, especially at high temperatures, and has very good phase stability.
[0057] The input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 are both semi-rigid coaxial lines, which is conducive to providing stability of the power divider as a whole.
[0058] Since the impedance of the general load is 50 ohms, the characteristic impedance of the general coaxial line is generally 25 ohms. At the same time, in order to avoid resonance and introduce other parasitic parameters, the length of the input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 is best one-eighth of the minimum wavelength, so the length of the input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 is 37mm, and the outer diameter of the input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 is 3mm. The equivalent circuit in the low frequency band is as shown in Figure 4 , which not only realizes the impedance ratio of 1:4.
[0059] It should be noted that the above minimum wavelength is the minimum wavelength of electromagnetic waves. In addition to realizing the impedance ratio of 1:4, the transformer 22 can also select other numbers of coupling components such as 1, 2, 4, 5, etc. according to needs to realize different impedance ratios, which are not limited here. The impedance ratio of 1:4 is taken as an example in the following description.
[0060] In the high-frequency performance design process of the power divider, the material and parameters of the magnetic ring 221 are also important.
[0061] In this embodiment, the material of the magnetic ring 221 is nickel-zinc ferrite (TN120L) material, and the magnetic permeability of the magnetic ring 221 is greater than or equal to 1000.
[0062] The magnetic permeability of the nickel-zinc ferrite material varies from 15 to 2000, and the commonly used material has a magnetic permeability of 100-1000. According to the classification of magnetic permeability, it can be divided into high magnetic permeability material, conventional material and low magnetic permeability material. The magnetic permeability above 1000 is called high magnetic permeability material, the magnetic permeability of 200-1000 is called conventional material, and the magnetic permeability below 200 is called low magnetic permeability material. Generally, the lower the magnetic permeability of the material, the wider the frequency range it can be applied to; the higher the magnetic permeability of the material, the narrower the frequency range it can be applied to. For example: the material with μi=15 is suitable for occasions above 100MHz, and the material with μi=1500 is suitable for occasions below 1MHz.
[0063] Since the working frequency range of the power divider of the present application is 20MHz-1GHz, it is necessary to use high magnetic permeability material with a magnetic permeability greater than or equal to 1000. The magnetic ring 221 uses high magnetic permeability nickel-zinc ferrite material, so that the power divider has good magnetic performance in the high frequency band, thereby facilitating the improvement of the magnetic performance of the power divider in the high frequency band and meeting the design requirements of the power divider with high power.
[0064] The magnetic permeability of the above-mentioned magnetic ring 221 can be 1000, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2000, 2100, 2300, and the like.
[0065] Specifically, the material of the magnetic ring 221 is nickel-zinc ferrite (TN120L) material, the magnetic permeability is 1200, and the high-frequency transmission principle diagram of the power divider is as shown in Figure 5 .
[0066] In summary, three coupling components are used in the embodiment, the input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 have the same structure, which are semi-rigid coaxial lines. Since the impedance of general load is 50 ohms, the characteristic impedance of general coaxial line is generally 25 ohms. In order to avoid resonance and introduce other parasitic parameters, the length of the input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 is preferably one-eighth of the minimum wavelength, so the length of the input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 is 37 mm, the outer diameter of the input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 is 3 mm, the material of the magnetic ring 221 is nickel-zinc ferrite (TN120L) material, the magnetic permeability is 1200, the output end uses a two-way power divider of microstrip line, the impedance ratio is 1:4 under the working frequency range of 20 MHz-1 GHz, and the input probability can reach 100 W. Thus, the purpose of considering wide working frequency range and high power is achieved.
[0067] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed in the present application, which should be covered in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A high-power power divider, characterized in that, include: The circuit board (20) and the input coaxial line (21), transformer (22), multiple output microstrip lines (23) and ground terminal disposed on the circuit board (20); The transformer (22) is used to achieve impedance conversion. The transformer (22) is connected to the connection point of the input coaxial line (21) and the multiple output microstrip lines (23). The transformer (22) is electrically connected to the ground terminal to form the power dividing circuit of the high-power power divider.
2. The high-power power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transformer (22) includes a magnetic ring (221) and a first coaxial line (222). The magnetic ring (221) is disposed on the circuit board (20). The first coaxial line (222) passes through the magnetic ring (221) and is connected to the connection point of the input coaxial line (21) and the plurality of output microstrip lines (23).
3. The high-power power divider according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transformer (22) includes a plurality of coupling components disposed on the circuit board (20), the coupling components including a magnetic ring (221) and a first coaxial line (222) passing through the magnetic ring (221).
4. The high-power power divider according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first coaxial cable (222) has the same structure as the input coaxial cable (21).
5. The high-power power divider according to claim 2, characterized in that, The magnetic ring (221) is made of nickel-zinc ferrite material, and the magnetic permeability of the magnetic ring (221) is greater than or equal to 1000.
6. The high-power power divider according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The length of the input coaxial line (21) is one-eighth of the minimum wavelength.
7. The high-power power divider according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the input coaxial line (21) is 2mm to 6mm; And / or, the input coaxial line (21) is a semi-rigid coaxial line.
8. The high-power power divider according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The high-power power divider operates in the frequency range of 20MHz to 1GHz.
9. The high-power power divider according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The number of output microstrip lines (23) is two, and an isolation resistor is connected between the two output microstrip lines (23).
10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The housing has an input connector (13) on one side wall in a first direction and a plurality of output connectors (14) on the other side wall; The first direction is perpendicular to the height direction of the housing; The high-power power divider as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the high-power power divider is disposed within the housing, the input coaxial line (21) is electrically connected to the input connector (13) of the high-power power divider, and the plurality of output connectors (14) are electrically connected to the plurality of output microstrip lines (23) of the high-power power divider in a one-to-one correspondence.