Solar cell, photovoltaic device, electric device, and power generation device

Abstract

The utility model provides a solar cell, photovoltaic equipment, electric equipment and power generation equipment. The solar cell comprises a flexible film and a plurality of mutually independent sub-cells attached to the flexible film. The plurality of sub-cells are arranged on one side of the flexible film; each sub-cell comprises a substrate, a first electrode layer, a main body structure layer, a second electrode layer and a packaging layer which are stacked in sequence, the main body structure layer comprises a light absorption layer, and at least one of the substrate and the packaging layer is rigid; and gaps exist among the plurality of sub-batteries. According to the solar cell, the plurality of mutually independent rigid sub-cells are arranged on the flexible film, so that the solar cell has certain stability and hardness and also has certain flexibility, and the application scenarios of the solar cell are greatly increased.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar energy, in particular to a solar cell, a photovoltaic device, an electric device and a power generation device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The solar cell has been widely concerned due to its characteristics of directly converting solar energy into electric energy and not causing environmental pollution, and can be applied to various fields, including military, aerospace, industry, commerce, agriculture and communication.

[0003] For the surface of an artware, a building or the like with a curved surface, a flexible solar cell that can be bent is needed. CONTENT

[0004] The present application provides a solar cell, a photovoltaic device, an electric device and a power generation device, so that the solar cell can be bent and can be applied to the surface of an artware, a building or the like with a curved surface.

[0005] To solve the above technical problem, the first aspect of the present application provides a solar cell, which comprises a flexible film and a plurality of mutually independent sub-cells attached to the flexible film, the plurality of sub-cells being arranged on one side of the flexible film; each sub-cell comprises a substrate, a first electrode layer, a main structure layer, a second electrode layer and an encapsulation layer which are sequentially stacked, and the main structure layer comprises a light absorption layer, wherein at least one of the substrate and the encapsulation layer is rigid; and there is a gap between the plurality of sub-cells.

[0006] In the embodiment of the present application, the sub-cells are rigid, and the plurality of sub-cells are arranged on one side of the flexible film, so that the solar cell has a certain flexibility, stability and hardness, thereby adapting to more scenarios, for example, being applied to the surface of an artware with a curved surface, the surface of an artware with an irregular surface, the surface of a glass with a curved surface, the surface of a sliding door with a curved surface and the like.

[0007] In an embodiment, the width of the gap is greater than 0 and less than 10 mm.

[0008] In the embodiment of the present application, by controlling the width of the gap within the above range, the overall solar cell is kept flexible, and at the same time, the surface of the flexible film is covered by as many sub-cells as possible, so that the solar cell has a larger total light absorption area, thereby improving the total power generation of the solar cell.

[0009] In an embodiment, the solar cell further comprises a bonding layer arranged between the plurality of sub-cells and the flexible film.

[0010] In the embodiments of the present application, the plurality of sub-cells are bonded to the surface of the flexible film through the bonding layer, so that the plurality of sub-cells can be fixed to the flexible film, and the plurality of sub-cells can be bent to a certain extent along with the deformation of the flexible film.

[0011] In an embodiment, the solar cell further comprises a conductive strip, and any two adjacent sub-cells are electrically connected through the conductive strip.

[0012] In the embodiments of the present application, the plurality of sub-cells are electrically connected through the conductive strip, so that the plurality of sub-cells are electrically connected to each other, and the stability of the electrical connection between the sub-cells is improved.

[0013] In an embodiment, each sub-cell further comprises a first extension, the first extension is arranged on the substrate, the first extension is arranged apart from the first electrode layer, and the first extension is electrically connected to the second electrode layer; and the second electrode layer of the sub-cell is electrically connected to the conductive strip through the first extension.

[0014] The first extension arranged on the substrate is electrically connected to the conductive strip, so that the damage of the main structure layer caused by the pressure generated by the contact and electrical connection between the conductive strip and the sub-cell can be reduced. In addition, the second electrode layer of one sub-cell can be electrically connected to another sub-cell through the first extension and the conductive strip, which is conducive to the charge transmission between the sub-cells.

[0015] In an embodiment, the first extension is integrally arranged with the second electrode layer.

[0016] The first extension is integrally arranged with the second electrode layer, so that the same process can be used to form the first extension at the same time as forming the second electrode layer, thereby simplifying the process and reducing production costs.

[0017] In an embodiment, each sub-cell further comprises a second extension, the second extension is arranged on the substrate or the surface of the first electrode layer away from the substrate; the second extension is electrically connected to the first electrode layer; and the first electrode layer of the sub-cell is electrically connected to the conductive strip through the second extension.

[0018] By setting the second extension on the surface of the substrate or the first electrode layer away from the substrate, and electrically connecting the conductive strip with the second extension set on the substrate or the surface of the first electrode layer away from the substrate, the damage of the conductive strip to the main structure layer caused by the contact between the conductive strip and the sub-cell for electrical connection can be reduced. In addition, the first electrode layer of one of the two adjacent sub-cells can be electrically connected to the other sub-cell through the second extension and the conductive strip, which is conducive to the charge transmission between the sub-cells. In an embodiment, the second extension is located on the surface of the first electrode layer away from the substrate; the second extension includes a first part and a second part, the first part is arranged corresponding to a first side of the profile of the main structure layer, and the second part is arranged corresponding to a second side of the profile of the main structure layer, and the first side is connected to the second side.

[0019] By setting the second extension to include a first part and a second part, the first part is arranged corresponding to a first side of the profile of the main structure layer, and the second part is arranged corresponding to a second side of the profile of the main structure layer, the transmission area of the carriers from the main structure layer to the second extension is increased, and the transmission efficiency of the carriers is improved, thereby facilitating the improvement of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0020] In an embodiment, the second extension is made of the same material as the second electrode layer.

[0021] By setting the second extension to be made of the same material as the second electrode layer, the second electrode layer and the prefabricated second extension can be formed by the same process, and the second extension can be formed by etching the prefabricated second extension, so that the second extension is not electrically connected to the second electrode layer; this is conducive to simplifying the process, reducing the introduction of new equipment, and reducing production costs.

[0022] In an embodiment, the plurality of sub-cells are connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection.

[0023] By setting the parallel connection between the plurality of sub-cells, the output current of the solar cell can be increased; by setting the series connection between the plurality of sub-cells, the output voltage of the solar cell can be increased; by setting the mixed connection between the plurality of sub-cells, the output current and voltage of the solar cell can be increased at the same time, and the performance of the solar cell can be improved.

[0024] The second aspect of the present application provides a photovoltaic device comprising the solar cell of any one of the above, which has at least the same advantages as the solar cell.

[0025] The third aspect of the present application provides a power consumption device comprising the solar cell of any one of the above, which has at least the same advantages as the solar cell.

[0026] The fourth aspect of the present application provides a power generation device comprising the solar cell of any one of the above, which has at least the same advantages as the solar cell.

[0027] The above description is only a summary of the technical solutions of the present application. In order to make the technical means of the present application more clearly understood and implemented according to the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the following specific embodiments of the present application are described. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a solar cell provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0030] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a first embodiment of electrical connection between a plurality of sub-cells provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0031] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a second embodiment of electrical connection between a plurality of sub-cells provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0032] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a third embodiment of electrical connection between a plurality of sub-cells provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0033] Figure 5 is a sectional view of the first embodiment of the sub-cell shown in Figure 1 along the A-A line;

[0034] Figure 6 is a sectional view of the first embodiment of the sub-cell shown in Figure 1 along the B-B line;

[0035] Figure 7 is a sectional view of the second embodiment of the sub-cell shown in Figure 1 along the A-A line;

[0036] Figure 8 is a sectional view of the second embodiment of the sub-cell shown in Figure 1 along the B-B line;

[0037] Figure 9 is a sectional view of the third embodiment of the sub-cell shown in Figure 1 along the A-A line;

[0038] Figure 10 is a sectional view of the third embodiment of the sub-cell shown in Figure 1Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the third embodiment of the sub-cell shown in Fig. 2, taken along the line B-B;

[0039] Figure 11 Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a preparation process of the first embodiment of the sub-cell provided by the present application;

[0040] Figure 12 Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a preparation process of another embodiment of the sub-cell provided by the present application;

[0041] Figure 13 Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic device provided by the present application;

[0042] Figure 14 Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power-consuming device provided by the present application;

[0043] Figure 15 Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power-generating device provided by the present application;

[0044] Label Explanation:

[0045] Sub-cell 10, substrate 11, pre-prepared substrate 11a, first electrode layer 12, pre-prepared first electrode layer 12a, main structure layer 13, pre-prepared main structure layer 13a, first carrier layer 131, pre-prepared first carrier layer 131a, light-absorbing layer 132, pre-prepared light-absorbing layer 132a, second carrier layer 133, pre-prepared second carrier layer 133a, second electrode layer 14, pre-prepared second electrode layer 14a, encapsulation layer 15, pre-prepared encapsulation layer 15a, encapsulation adhesive film 16, first extension 17, first sub-portion 171, second sub-portion 172, pre-prepared first extension 17a, second extension 18, first sub-portion 181, second sub-portion 182, pre-prepared second extension 18a, conductive strip 19, flexible film 20, solar cell 100, first edge region A1, second edge region A2, photovoltaic device 1000, power-consuming device 2000, power-generating device 3000. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and effects of the present application more clear and explicit, the embodiments of the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and therefore only serve as examples, but cannot limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0047] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application; the use of the terms "including," "comprising," or "having" and variations thereof herein is intended to be broad and encompass the terms "consisting of" and "consisting essentially of" and variations thereof, unless otherwise noted.

[0048] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "a plurality of" refers to two or more (including two), and similarly, "a plurality of groups" refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and "a plurality of pieces" refers to two or more pieces (including two pieces), unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.

[0049] Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase that the phrase in the specification in various places does not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, nor is it necessarily mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0050] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can represent the three cases of A alone, A and B together, and B alone. In addition, the character " / " in this paper generally represents that the front and rear associated objects are a "or" relationship.

[0051] Quantities, ratios, and other numerical values are presented herein in a range format. It is to be understood that such range format is used merely for the convenience of the reader and is not intended to limit the actual scope of such quantities, ratios, and other numerical values beyond the theoretical scope of the disclosure. It is also to be understood that it is intended to cover and disclose all such amounts, substitutions, and equivalents falling within the scope of the disclosure.

[0052] If not otherwise specified, all steps of the present application can be carried out in sequence, randomly, or in parallel, preferably in sequence. For example, the method comprises steps (a) and (b) means that the method can comprise steps (a) and (b) in sequence, or steps (b) and (a) in sequence, or steps (a) and (b) in parallel. For example, the method can further comprise step (c) means that step (c) can be added to the method in any order, for example, the method can comprise steps (a), (b) and (c), or steps (a), (c) and (b), or steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.

[0053] For the scenario that solar cells need to be applied to common objects with curved surfaces such as automobiles or building integrated structures, or crafts, the solar cells need to have certain deformation ability to tightly adhere to the curved structure surface such as automobile sunroof and building glass, and the solar cells need to have certain rigidity to maintain the solar cells with strong weather resistance and maintain the solar cells to operate stably for a long time.

[0054] In view of this, the embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell, a photovoltaic device, a power consumption device, and a power generation device, so that the solar cell can be bent and has certain rigidity.

[0055] Please refer to Figures 1 to 10 , Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a solar cell provided by the embodiments of the present application, Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a first embodiment of electrical connection between a plurality of sub-cells provided by the embodiments of the present application, Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a second embodiment of electrical connection between a plurality of sub-cells provided by the embodiments of the present application, Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a third embodiment of electrical connection between a plurality of sub-cells provided by the embodiments of the present application, Figure 5 is Figure 1 is a sectional view of the first embodiment of the sub-cell shown in Figure 6 is a sectional view of the first embodiment of the sub-cell shown in Figure 1 is a sectional view of the second embodiment of the sub-cell shown in Figure 7 is a sectional view of the second embodiment of the sub-cell shown in Figure 1 is a sectional view of the third embodiment of the sub-cell shown in Figure 8 is a sectional view of the third embodiment of the sub-cell shown in Figure 1 is a sectional view of the third embodiment of the sub-cell shown in Figure 9 is a sectional view of the third embodiment of the sub-cell shown in Figure 1 is a sectional view of the third embodiment of the sub-cell shown in Figure 10 is a sectional view of the third embodiment of the sub-cell shown in Figure 1A cross-sectional view of the third embodiment of the sub-cell shown in FIG. 1 taken along the line B-B.

[0056] The embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell 100, the solar cell 100 comprises a flexible film 20 and a plurality of mutually independent sub-cells 10 attached on the flexible film 20, the plurality of sub-cells 10 are arranged on one side of the flexible film 20; each sub-cell 10 comprises a substrate 11, a first electrode layer 12, a main structure layer 13, a second electrode layer 14 and an encapsulation layer 15 which are sequentially stacked, the main structure layer 13 comprises a light absorption layer 132, wherein at least one of the substrate 11 and the encapsulation layer 15 is rigid; and there is a gap between the plurality of sub-cells 10.

[0057] The substrate 11 is a transparent substrate layer, so that light can pass through the substrate 11 to reach the light absorption layer 132. The light absorption layer 132 is used for absorbing light and directly converting light energy into electrical energy through photoelectric effect or photochemical effect. The light absorption layer 132 comprises a light-absorbing material, has a photoelectric conversion function, the light-absorbing material absorbs photons of sunlight to generate excitation, and the excited electrons in the valence band generate photo-generated holes and electron pairs. One of the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 14 is used to receive the holes generated by the light absorption layer 132, and the other is used to receive the electrons generated by the light absorption layer 132. The encapsulation layer 15 serves as an outer structure of the sub-cell 10, which can reduce the damage to the internal structure of the sub-cell 10 caused by external environmental factors (such as moisture, oxygen, etc.), and is beneficial to prolong the service life of the sub-cell 10.

[0058] At least one of the substrate 11 and the encapsulation layer 15 is rigid, which can be that the substrate 11 is rigid and the encapsulation layer 15 is non-rigid, or that the substrate 11 is non-rigid and the encapsulation layer 15 is rigid, or that the substrate 11 is rigid and the encapsulation layer 15 is also rigid. By setting at least one of the substrate 11 and the encapsulation layer 15 to be rigid, the overall state of the sub-cell 10 is rigid and cannot be bent.

[0059] The solar cell 100 comprises a plurality of mutually independent sub-cells 10, that is, the plurality of sub-cells 10 do not share the same electrode layer or main structure layer, and the sub-cells 10 are not directly connected internally, but are connected through external conductive materials (for example, a conductive strip 19 to be introduced later), which is beneficial to flexibly set the placement position of the sub-cell. In addition, by setting the plurality of sub-cells 10, it is also beneficial to increase the total light absorption area of the solar cell 100, and to improve the overall power output of the solar cell 100.

[0060] The flexible film 20 is a film layer with bendability. The plurality of sub-cells 10 are attached to the flexible film 20 and are arranged on one side of the flexible film 20. Due to the independence of the plurality of sub-cells 10, there is a certain gap between adjacent sub-cells 10. Due to the existence of the gap between adjacent sub-cells 10, the part of the flexible film 20 corresponding to the gap can make the adjacent sub-cells 10 have a certain movability. Even if the sub-cells 10 are rigid, the sub-cell group composed of the plurality of sub-cells 10 can also bend to a certain extent following the deformation of the flexible film 20, so that the solar cell 100 as a whole has a certain flexibility. The flexible film 20 can also protect the sub-cells 10, which is conducive to reducing the risk of damage to the solar cell 100.

[0061] By setting the sub-cells 10 to be rigid and arranging the plurality of sub-cells 10 on one side of the flexible film 20, the solar cell 100 has a certain flexibility while having a certain stability and hardness, thereby adapting to more scenarios for use, such as being applied to the surface of an artware with a curved surface, the surface of an artware with an irregular surface, the surface of a glass with a curved surface, the surface of a sliding door with a curved surface, etc.

[0062] In an embodiment, the width of the gap is greater than 0 and less than 10 mm.

[0063] The width of the gap refers to the shortest distance between two adjacent sub-cells 10. By controlling the width of the gap within the above range, the overall solar cell is kept flexible, while the surface of the flexible film is covered by the sub-cells as much as possible, so that the solar cell has a larger total light absorption area, thereby improving the total power generation of the solar cell.

[0064] The width of the gap can be 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 9.5 mm, 9.9 mm, etc. It can also be a range composed of any two of the above values, such as greater than 0 mm and less than 0.1 mm, greater than 0.1 mm and less than 5 mm, greater than 5 mm and less than 10 mm, etc.

[0065] In an embodiment, the solar cell further comprises a bonding layer arranged between the plurality of sub-cells and the flexible film.

[0066] The bonding layer is a film layer with bonding force, which can fix the material layers on both sides of the bonding layer together. That is, the plurality of sub-cells 10 are bonded to the surface of the flexible film 20 by the bonding layer, which can fix the plurality of sub-cells 10 and the flexible film 20 together, and the plurality of sub-cells 10 can bend to a certain extent following the deformation of the flexible film 20.

[0067] In an embodiment, the plurality of sub-cells 10 are independent of each other, and the plurality of sub-cells 10 are not electrically connected to each other. Each sub-cell 10 is provided with a current lead structure corresponding thereto, and the current lead structure is used to lead the carriers generated by the sub-cells 10 to an external circuit.

[0068] In an embodiment, as shown in Figures 2 to 4 , the solar cell further comprises an electrically conductive strip 19, and any two adjacent sub-cells 10 are electrically connected by the electrically conductive strip 19.

[0069] The electrically conductive strip 19 is a structural member made of an electrically conductive material, and is used as a connecting member for electrically connecting any two adjacent sub-cells 10. Optionally, the electrically conductive strip 19 has a strip-shaped structure, and has a large aspect ratio. The length of the electrically conductive strip 19 in the length direction L1 is significantly greater than the length of the electrically conductive strip 19 in the width direction L2 (as shown in Figures 2 to 4 ). Optionally, the two ends of the electrically conductive strip 19 in the length direction are connected to one sub-cell 10, respectively (as shown in Figures 2 to 4 ). Optionally, the length direction of the electrically conductive strip 19 is parallel to the arrangement direction of the two adjacent sub-cells 10 (as shown in Figures 2 to 4 ). It should be noted that the electrically conductive strip 19 provided by the embodiments of the present application is not limited to the arrangement shown in Figures 2 to 4 , and can achieve the electrical connection between any two adjacent sub-cells 10.

[0070] By arranging the electrically conductive strip 19 between any two adjacent sub-cells 10, the plurality of sub-cells 10 are electrically connected to each other, and the stability of the electrical connection between the sub-cells 10 is improved. If the plurality of sub-cells 10 that are electrically connected to each other are defined as a sub-cell group, the current lead structure can be arranged only on the sub-cells at the ends of the sub-cell group, and the carriers generated by the plurality of sub-cells 10 can be led to the external circuit by the current lead structure.

[0071] Optionally, the thickness of the electrically conductive strip 19 is 0.3mm-1mm.

[0072] By setting the thickness of the electrically conductive strip 19 as described above, the electrically conductive strip 19 has a certain flexibility and can bend along with the flexible film 20. At the same time, the electrically conductive strip 19 has a large electrical conductivity and a small resistance, which helps to reduce the resistance loss and improve the performance of the solar cell 100.

[0073] The thickness of the electrically conductive strip 19 can be 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1mm, etc. It can also be a range composed of any two of the above values, for example, 0.3mm-0.4mm, 0.4mm-0.8mm, 0.8mm-1mm, etc.

[0074] Optionally, the material of the conductive strip 19 comprises at least one of copper, gold, silver, aluminum, nickel, chromium, bismuth, platinum, magnesium, molybdenum, tungsten.

[0075] By setting the conductive strip 19 to comprise the above-mentioned material, the conductive strip 19 can have a higher electrical conductivity, thereby effectively reducing the resistance loss of the carriers in the transmission process, and ensuring that the carriers after photoelectric conversion can be efficiently led out of the solar cell 100.

[0076] In an embodiment, as shown in Figure 6 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 10 Each sub-cell 10 further comprises a first extension 17, which is arranged on the base 11 and is spaced apart from the first electrode layer 12, and is electrically connected to the second electrode layer 14. The second electrode layer 14 of the sub-cell 10 is electrically connected to the conductive strip 19 through the first extension 17.

[0077] The first extension 17 has a conductive property and is electrically connected to the second electrode layer 14, so that the first extension 17 can collect one of the holes or electrons of the second electrode layer 14. The first extension 17 is spaced apart from the first electrode layer 12, so that the second electrode layer 14 electrically connected to the first extension 17 will not be in mutual conduction with the first electrode layer 12, thereby maintaining the effective collection of the carriers generated by the sub-cell 10.

[0078] Compared with the direct electrical connection between the conductive strip 19 and the second electrode layer 14, the embodiment of the present application sets the conductive strip 19 to be electrically connected to the first extension 17 arranged on the base 11, which can reduce the damage of the main structure layer 13 caused by the pressure generated when the conductive strip 19 is in contact with the sub-cell 10 for electrical connection.

[0079] Through the above-mentioned arrangement, the second electrode layer 14 of one sub-cell 10 can be electrically connected to another sub-cell 10 through the first extension 17 and the conductive strip 19, which is conducive to the charge transmission between the sub-cells 10.

[0080] Optionally, the first extension 17 is integrally arranged with the second electrode layer 14.

[0081] By setting the first extension 17 to be integrally arranged with the second electrode layer 14, the same process can be used to form the first extension 17 at the same time as forming the second electrode layer 14, thereby simplifying the process and reducing production costs. It can be understood that, when the first extension 17 is integrally arranged with the second electrode layer 14, the material of the first extension 17 is the same as that of the second electrode layer 14.

[0082] Optionally, as shown in Figure 6 、 Figure 8 ,Figure 10 The first extension 17 comprises a first sub-portion 171 and a second sub-portion 172 connected to each other, the first sub-portion 171 is arranged on the side surface of the main structure layer 13, and the second sub-portion 172 is arranged on the surface of the substrate 11, and the conductive strip 19 is connected to the second sub-portion 172. By arranging the first extension 17 as described above, the connection between the conductive strip 19 and the first extension 17 is facilitated.

[0083] Optionally, the first extension 17 is arranged on the surface of the substrate 11. Figure 6 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 10 The side surface of the first electrode layer 12 is recessed relative to the side surface of the main structure layer 13, and part of the main structure layer 13 is arranged between the first electrode layer 12 and the first extension 17, so as to achieve the spaced arrangement of the first extension 17 and the first electrode layer 12.

[0084] Optionally, the side surface of the first electrode layer 12 is flush with the side surface of the main structure layer 13, and an insulating layer is arranged on the side surface of the first electrode layer 12 close to the first extension 17, so as to achieve the spaced arrangement of the first extension 17 and the first electrode layer 12.

[0085] Optionally, the first extension 17 is arranged on the surface of the substrate 11. Figure 6 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 10 At least part of the first extension 17 extends out of the side surface of the encapsulation layer 15. In other words, part of the projection of the encapsulation layer 15 on the substrate 11 is within the projection of the first extension 17 on the substrate 11.

[0086] By extending part of the first extension 17 out of the side surface of the encapsulation layer 15, the step of perforating the sub-cell 10 to expose part of the first extension 17 can be cancelled when the first extension 17 is electrically connected to the conductive strip 19, so that the conductive strip 19 can be directly arranged on the first extension 17 exposed outside the encapsulation layer 15, which is beneficial to simplify the process and reduce the damage to the internal structure of the sub-cell 10, thereby improving the long-term stability of the solar cell 100.

[0087] In an embodiment, each sub-cell 10 further comprises a second extension 18 arranged on the surface of the substrate 11 (as shown in Figure 10 ) or the surface of the first electrode layer 12 away from the substrate 11 (as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 8 ); the second extension 18 is electrically connected to the first electrode layer 12; and the first electrode layer 12 of the sub-cell 10 is electrically connected to the conductive strip 19 through the second extension 18.

[0088] The second extension 18 has electrically conductive property and is electrically connected with the first electrode layer 12, so that the second extension 18 collects one of holes or electrons of the first electrode layer 12. When the second extension 18 is arranged on the substrate 11 (as shown in Figure 10 ), the second extension 18 is in contact with the first electrode layer 12, so that the second extension 18 is electrically connected with the first electrode layer 12; the orthographic projection of the second extension 18 on the substrate 11 is arranged in a staggered manner with the orthographic projection of the main structure layer 13 on the substrate 11. When the second extension 18 is arranged on the surface of the first electrode layer 12 away from the substrate 11 (as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 8 ), the second extension 18 is in contact with the surface of the first electrode layer 12 away from the substrate 11, so that the second extension 18 is electrically connected with the first electrode layer 12; the side surface of the main structure layer 13 is recessed relative to the side surface of the first electrode layer 12, in other words, the edge line of the orthographic projection of the main structure layer 13 on the substrate 11 is within the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer 12 on the substrate 11, so that the surface of the first electrode layer 12 away from the substrate 11 has space to arrange the second extension 18.

[0089] By arranging the second extension 18 on the substrate 11 or the surface of the first electrode layer 12 away from the substrate 11, the electrically conductive band 19 is electrically connected with the second extension 18 arranged on the substrate 11 or the surface of the first electrode layer 12 away from the substrate 11, so that the damage of the main structure layer 13 caused by the contact and electrical connection between the electrically conductive band 19 and the sub-cell 10 can be reduced.

[0090] Through the above arrangement, the first electrode layer 12 of one of the two adjacent sub-cells 10 is electrically connected with the other sub-cell 10 through the second extension 18 and the electrically conductive band 19, which is beneficial to the charge transmission between the sub-cells 10.

[0091] In an embodiment, referring to Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the second extension 18 is arranged on the surface of the first electrode layer 12 away from the substrate 11, and the second extension 18 is arranged only corresponding to one side edge of the main structure layer 13. Optionally, the second extension 18 is arranged in a spaced manner with the main structure layer 13. Optionally, the second extension 18 is arranged parallel to one side edge of the main structure layer 13.

[0092] In an embodiment, referring to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the second extension 18 is arranged on the surface of the first electrode layer 12 away from the substrate 11, and the second extension 18 is arranged only corresponding to one side edge of the main structure layer 13. Optionally, the second extension 18 is arranged in a spaced manner with the main structure layer 13. Optionally, the second extension 18 is arranged parallel to one side edge of the main structure layer 13.The second extension 18 is arranged on the surface of the first electrode layer 12 away from the substrate 11, and the second extension 18 comprises a first sub-portion 181 and a second sub-portion 182 connected to each other, the first sub-portion 181 is arranged corresponding to a first side of the contour of the main structure layer 13, the second sub-portion 182 is arranged corresponding to a second side of the contour of the main structure layer 13, and the first side is connected to the second side. Optionally, the second extension 18 is arranged spaced apart from the main structure layer 13, and specifically, the first sub-portion 181 and the second sub-portion 182 are arranged spaced apart from the main structure layer 13, respectively. Optionally, the first sub-portion 181 is arranged parallel to the first side of the contour of the main structure layer 13, and the second sub-portion 182 is arranged parallel to the second side of the contour of the main structure layer 13.

[0093] By arranging the second extension 18 to comprise the first sub-portion 181 and the second sub-portion 182, the first sub-portion 181 is arranged corresponding to the first side of the contour of the main structure layer 13, and the second sub-portion 182 is arranged corresponding to the second side of the contour of the main structure layer 13, which increases the transmission area of the carriers from the main structure layer 13 to the second extension 18, improves the transmission efficiency of the carriers, and thus is conducive to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100.

[0094] In an embodiment, the second extension 18 is made of the same material as the second electrode layer 14.

[0095] By arranging the second extension 18 to be made of the same material as the second electrode layer 14, the second electrode layer 14 and the prefabricated second extension can be formed by the same process, the second extension 18 is formed by etching the prefabricated second extension, and the second extension 18 is not electrically connected to the second electrode layer 14, which is conducive to simplifying the process, reducing the introduction of new equipment, and reducing production costs.

[0096] In an embodiment, when the second extension 18 is arranged on the substrate 11, the second extension 18 is arranged integrally with the first electrode layer 12, which is conducive to simplifying the process and reducing production costs.

[0097] In an embodiment, the thickness of the second extension 18 is less than or equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the main structure layer 13 and the second electrode layer 14.

[0098] The thickness refers to the average value of the vertical distance between the surface of a film layer away from the substrate 11 and the surface of the film layer close to the substrate 11. By the above arrangement, the overall size of the sub-cell 10 can be reduced, the influence of the second extension 18 on the interaction with other components in the sub-cell 10 can be reduced, and the space requirement of the subsequent packaging of the sub-cell 10 can be better met, which is conducive to maintaining the long-term stability of the solar cell; at the same time, the second extension 18 can have a smaller resistance, which helps to reduce resistance loss and improve the performance of the solar cell 100.

[0099] In an embodiment, as shown in Figure 6 , Figure 8 and Figure 10 , at least part of the second extension 18 extends out of the side of the encapsulation layer 15. In other words, the part of the orthographic projection of the encapsulation layer 15 on the substrate 11 is within the orthographic projection of the second extension 18 on the substrate 11.

[0100] By extending part of the second extension 18 out of the side of the encapsulation layer 15, the step of perforating the sub-cell 10 to expose part of the second extension 18 can be cancelled when the second extension 18 is electrically connected with the conductive strip 19, so that the conductive strip 19 can be directly arranged on the second extension 18 exposed outside the encapsulation layer 15, which is beneficial to simplify the process and reduce the damage to the internal structure of the sub-cell 10, thereby improving the long-term stability of the solar cell 100.

[0101] In an embodiment, the plurality of sub-cells 10 are connected in series, in parallel or in a mixed manner.

[0102] Taking the example that the first electrode layer 12 of each of the plurality of sub-cells 10 is the same electrode (e.g. negative electrode) and the second electrode layer 14 of each of the plurality of sub-cells 10 is the same electrode (e.g. positive electrode), the plurality of sub-cells 10 are connected in series (as shown in Figure 2 ), in parallel (as shown in Figure 3 ) or in a mixed manner (as shown in Figure 4 ). In the series connection, any two adjacent sub-cells 10 of the plurality of sub-cells 10 are electrically connected by the first electrode layer 12 of one sub-cell 10 and the second electrode layer 14 of the other sub-cell 10. In the parallel connection, any two adjacent sub-cells 10 of the plurality of sub-cells 10 are electrically connected by the first electrode layer 12 of one sub-cell 10 and the first electrode layer 12 of the other sub-cell 10, and by the second electrode layer 14 of one sub-cell 10 and the second electrode layer 14 of the other sub-cell 10. In the mixed connection, part of the adjacent sub-cells 10 of the plurality of sub-cells 10 are connected in series, and part of the adjacent sub-cells 10 of the plurality of sub-cells 10 are connected in parallel, and the specific embodiments of the series connection and the parallel connection can be referred to the above description.

[0103] In the embodiments of the present application, the parallel connection between the plurality of sub-cells 10 is beneficial to increase the output current of the solar cell 100, the series connection between the plurality of sub-cells 10 is beneficial to increase the output voltage of the solar cell 100, and the mixed connection between the plurality of sub-cells 10 is beneficial to simultaneously increase the output current and the output voltage of the solar cell 100, thereby improving the performance of the solar cell 100.

[0104] In an embodiment, the sub-cell 10 can be a plurality of sub-cells connected in series or in parallel to form a sub-cell group, or can be a single sub-cell, which is not limited herein.

[0105] In an embodiment, referring to Figures 5 to 10 The sub-cell 10 further comprises an encapsulation adhesive film 16 arranged between the second electrode layer 14 and the encapsulation layer 15, and the side surface of the second electrode layer 14 and the body structure layer 13. By arranging the encapsulation adhesive film 16 in the sub-cell 10, the influence of water and oxygen on the internal components of the sub-cell 10 can be reduced, which is conducive to improving the long-term stability of the solar cell.

[0106] In an embodiment, the thickness of the flexible film 20 is 80 μm to 300 μm.

[0107] By setting the thickness of the flexible film 20 as described above, the flexible film 20 has good flexibility and can be deformed as needed, and the solar cell 100 is suitable for use in more scenarios.

[0108] The thickness of the flexible film 20 can be 80 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 280 μm, 300 μm, etc., or a range formed by any two of the above values, for example, 80 μm to 100 μm, 100 μm to 200 μm, 200 μm to 300 μm, etc.

[0109] In an embodiment, the material of the flexible film 20 comprises at least one of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polyimide (PI).

[0110] By setting the flexible film 20 to comprise the above materials, the flexible film 20 has good flexibility and can provide certain flexible support and protection for the sub-cell 10, and the solar cell 100 is suitable for use in more scenarios.

[0111] In an embodiment, the flexible film 20 itself has adhesion, and the sub-cell 10 is bonded to the surface of the flexible film 20 by the adhesion of the flexible film 20 itself, thereby fixing the sub-cell 10 and the flexible film 20.

[0112] In an embodiment, the flexible film 20 is arranged on the side of the encapsulation layer 15 away from the substrate 11.

[0113] By the above arrangement, light enters from the side of the sub-cell 10 that does not contain the encapsulation structure, which can make the light energy more effectively absorbed by the light absorption layer 132, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100.

[0114] In an embodiment, at least one of the substrate 11 and the encapsulation layer 15 is transparent glass.

[0115] Through the above arrangement, light can be more effectively transmitted through the substrate 11 and / or the encapsulation layer 15 to the light-absorbing layer 132, and the hardness and stability of the solar cell as a whole are also improved.

[0116] In an embodiment, two adjacent sub-cells 10 are in contact with each other near the end of the flexible film 20.

[0117] By arranging two adjacent sub-cells 10 to be in contact with each other near the end of the flexible film 20, the area of the flexible film 20 can be effectively utilized, and the total power generation of the solar cell can be improved.

[0118] In an embodiment, a plurality of sub-cells 10 are arranged in a row on the flexible film 20, and the solar cell 100 can be bent in one direction.

[0119] In an embodiment, a plurality of sub-cells 10 are arranged in multiple rows and multiple columns on the flexible film 20, and the solar cell 100 can be bent in two directions.

[0120] In an embodiment, the solar cell 100 further comprises an energy storage battery, which is used to store the electrical energy generated by the solar cell 100, so as to facilitate the use of solar-generated electrical energy to drive external loads.

[0121] In an embodiment, the solar cell 100 further comprises an external load, which can be a lighting element, a display element, etc.

[0122] In an embodiment, the light-absorbing layer 132 comprises a perovskite material.

[0123] By arranging the light-absorbing layer 132 to comprise a perovskite material, the perovskite material has excellent light-absorbing properties and can effectively absorb sunlight in a wide spectral range, more fully utilizing the energy in the solar spectrum and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0124] Optionally, the perovskite has a chemical formula of ABX3 or A2CDX6, wherein A is an inorganic cation and / or an organic cation, B is an inorganic cation and / or an organic cation, C is an inorganic cation and / or an organic cation, D is an inorganic cation and / or an organic cation, and X is an inorganic anion and / or an organic anion.

[0125] A is an inorganic cation, or an organic cation, or a mixture of an inorganic cation and an organic cation. Optionally, A is methylamine (CH3NH3 + )(MA + ), formamidine (HC(NH2)2 + )(FA + ), cesium ion (Cs + ), and rubidium ion (Rb +at least one of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ge, Y, and Sn.

[0126] B is an inorganic cation, or an organic cation, or a mixture of inorganic cation and organic cation. Optionally, B is a divalent metal ion Pb 2+ and Sn 2+ at least one of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ge, Y, and Sn.

[0127] C is an inorganic cation, or an organic cation, or a mixture of inorganic cation and organic cation. Optionally, C is a monovalent metal ion Ag + .

[0128] D is an inorganic cation, or an organic cation, or a mixture of inorganic cation and organic cation. Optionally, D is a trivalent metal ion Bi 3+ .

[0129] X is an inorganic anion, or an organic anion, or a mixture of inorganic anion and organic anion. Optionally, X is a halogen anion; for example, chloride (Cl - ), bromide (Br - ), iodide (I - ), and the like.

[0130] In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13, the body structure layer 13 further comprises a first carrier layer 131 and a second carrier layer 133, one of which is a hole transport layer and the other is an electron transport layer, which is conducive to improving the carrier transport efficiency of the solar cell. Figures 5 to 10

[0131] Optionally, the first carrier layer 131 is an electron transport layer, and the material of the first carrier layer 131 is at least one of the following materials, derivatives thereof, and materials obtained by doping or passivation thereof, and the electron transport material includes but is not limited to at least one of an imide compound, a quinone compound, a fullerene and a derivative thereof, a metal oxide, a semiconductor material oxide, a titanate, and a fluoride. The imide compound includes at least one of phthalimide, succinimide, N-bromosuccinimide, glutarimide, or maleimide. The quinone compound includes at least one of benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, phenanthraquinone, or anthraquinone. The fullerene and the derivative thereof include [6,6]-phenyl-C61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM), [6,6]-phenyl-C71 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 71 ​at least one of a metal oxide, a fullerene C60 (C60), a fullerene C70 (C70). The metal element in the metal oxide includes at least one of Mg, Cd, Zn, In, Pb, W, Sb, Bi, Hg, Ti, Ag, Mn, Fe, V, Sn, Zr, Sr, Ga, and Cr; exemplarily, zinc oxide (ZnO), tin dioxide (SnO2). The semiconductor material oxide includes silicon oxide. The titanate includes at least one of strontium titanate, calcium titanate. The fluoride includes at least one of lithium fluoride, calcium fluoride.

[0132] Optionally, the second carrier layer 133 is a hole transport layer, and the material of the second carrier layer 133 is at least one of the following materials, derivatives thereof, and materials obtained by doping or passivation thereof, and the hole transport layer includes but is not limited to 2,2',7,7'-tetra(N,N-p-methoxyanilino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), methoxytriphenylamine-fluoroformamidine, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polystyrene sulfonic acid, poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), triphenylamine (H101) with triptycene as the core, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine (EDOT-OMeTPA), N-(4-aniline)carbazole-spirobifluorene (CzPAF-SBF), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS), polythiophene, nickel oxide (NiO x ), molybdenum oxide (MoO3), cuprous iodide (CuI), cuprous oxide (CuO).

[0133] In an embodiment, the material of the first electrode layer 12 includes but is not limited to FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), ITO (indium tin oxide), AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide), BZO (boron-doped zinc oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), a metal electrode (for example, Au, Ag, Cu, C, Al), and the like. When the first electrode layer 12 serves as the light-in side, a transparent inorganic conductive oxide material such as ITO, AZO, BZO, IZO, FTO, and the like is usually selected.

[0134] In an embodiment, the material of the second electrode layer 14 includes but is not limited to FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), ITO (indium tin oxide), AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide), BZO (boron-doped zinc oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), a metal electrode (for example, Au, Ag, Cu, C, Al), and the like. When the second electrode layer 14 serves as the light-in side, a transparent inorganic conductive oxide material such as ITO, AZO, BZO, IZO, FTO, and the like is usually selected.

[0135] In a specific embodiment, the electrical connection mode between the plurality of sub-cells 10 is as follows:Figure 3 As shown in FIG. 1, the structure of the sub-cell 10 is as shown in FIG. 2. Figure 5 And Figure 6 As shown in FIG. 2, specifically, the plurality of sub-cells 10 are connected in parallel; adjacent two sub-cells 10, the first extension 17 of one sub-cell 10 is electrically connected with the first extension 17 of the other sub-cell 10 through the conductive band 19, and the second extension 18 of one sub-cell 10 is electrically connected with the second extension 18 of the other sub-cell 10 through the conductive band 19. In this embodiment, the preparation process of the sub-cell 10 is as shown in FIG. 3. Figure 11 As shown in FIG. 3, Figure 11 is a preparation flow diagram of an embodiment of the sub-cell provided by the present application.

[0136] The preparation process of the sub-cell 10 includes the following steps: (1) obtaining a pre-prepared substrate 11a; (2) forming a pre-prepared first electrode layer 12a on the pre-prepared substrate 11a, the pre-prepared first electrode layer 12a covering the entire substrate 11a; (3) performing a first laser edge cleaning, etching the first edge area A1 of the pre-prepared first electrode layer 12a to expose part of the substrate 11a; (4) forming a pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a on the surface obtained in the previous step, the pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a including a pre-prepared first carrier layer 131a, a pre-prepared light absorbing layer 132a, and a pre-prepared second carrier layer 133a arranged in sequence, the pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a covering the entire pre-prepared first electrode layer 12a and the part of the pre-prepared substrate 11a exposed by the first edge area A1; (5) performing a second laser edge cleaning to remove the part of the pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a corresponding to the first edge area A1, so as to expose part of the pre-prepared substrate 11a; there is a second edge area A2 on the opposite side of the first edge area A1, and the pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a above the pre-prepared first electrode layer 12a corresponding to the second edge area A2 is also removed in the second laser edge cleaning process; (6) evaporating a pre-prepared second electrode layer 14a, the pre-prepared second electrode layer 14a covering the entire pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a, the pre-prepared first electrode layer 12a located in the second edge area A2, and the pre-prepared substrate 11a exposed in the first edge area A1 of step (5); wherein the part of the pre-prepared second electrode layer 14a located on the part of the pre-prepared substrate 11a exposed in the first edge area A1 of step (5) forms a pre-prepared first extension 17a; (7) performing laser line etching on the pre-prepared second electrode layer 14a to disconnect the part corresponding to the pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a from the part corresponding to the second edge area A2, and form a pre-prepared second extension 18a on the surface of the pre-prepared first electrode layer 12a in the second edge area A2; (8) performing a first cutting to cut the pre-prepared second electrode layer 14a, the pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a, and the pre-prepared first electrode layer 12a along their thickness directions into a plurality of pre-prepared bodies, the plurality of pre-prepared bodies arranged in a row; (9) filling the structure obtained in step (8) with an encapsulating adhesive film 16, and encapsulating using a pre-prepared encapsulating layer 15a; (10) performing a second cutting on the pre-prepared encapsulating layer 15a, the pre-prepared second electrode layer 14a, the pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a, the pre-prepared first electrode layer 12a, and the pre-prepared substrate 11a along their thickness directions, to obtain the sub-cell 10.

[0137] The plurality of sub-cells 10 are arranged in a row, and the plurality of sub-cells 10 are electrically connected through the conductive strips 19 as shown in Figure 3 The plurality of sub-cells 10 are arranged in a row, and the plurality of sub-cells 10 are electrically connected through the conductive strips 19 as shown in

[0138] In a specific embodiment, the electrical connection mode between the plurality of sub-cells 10 is as shown inFigure 2 As shown in FIG. 1, the structure of the sub-cell 10 is as shown in FIG. 2. Figure 7 And Figure 8 As shown in FIG. 2, specifically, the plurality of sub-cells 10 are connected in series; adjacent two sub-cells 10, the first extension 17 of one sub-cell 10 is electrically connected with the second extension 18 of the other sub-cell 10 through the conductive band 19. In this embodiment, the preparation process of the sub-cell 10 is as shown in FIG. 3. Figure 12 As shown in FIG. 3, Figure 12 is a preparation flow diagram of another embodiment of the sub-cell provided by the present application.

[0139] The preparation process of the sub-cell 10 includes the following steps: (1) obtaining a pre-prepared substrate 11a; (2) forming a pre-prepared first electrode layer 12a on the pre-prepared substrate 11a, the pre-prepared first electrode layer 12a covering the entire pre-prepared substrate 11a; (3) performing a first laser edge cleaning, etching the first edge area A1 of the pre-prepared first electrode layer 12a to expose part of the pre-prepared substrate 11a; (4) forming a pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a on the surface obtained in the previous step, the pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a including a pre-prepared first carrier layer 131a, a pre-prepared light absorbing layer 132a, and a pre-prepared second carrier layer 133a arranged in sequence, the pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a covering the entire pre-prepared first electrode layer 12a and the part of the pre-prepared substrate 11a exposed by the first edge area A1; (5) performing a second laser edge cleaning, removing part of the pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a corresponding to the first edge area A1 to expose part of the pre-prepared substrate 11a; there is a second edge area A2 on the opposite side of the first edge area A1, and the pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a above the pre-prepared first electrode layer 12a corresponding to the second edge area A2 is also removed in the second laser edge cleaning; (6) performing a first cutting, cutting the pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a along its thickness direction into a plurality of pre-prepared bodies arranged in a row; (7) evaporating a pre-prepared second electrode layer 14a, the pre-prepared second electrode layer 14a covering the surface of the pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a, the gap between adjacent two pre-prepared bodies, the pre-prepared substrate 11a exposed in the first edge area A1 of step (5), and the surface of the pre-prepared first electrode layer 12a located in the second edge area A2; wherein the part of the pre-prepared second electrode layer 14a located on the part of the pre-prepared substrate 11a exposed in the first edge area A1 of step (5) forms a pre-prepared first extension 17a; (8) performing laser line marking on the pre-prepared second electrode layer 14a to disconnect the part of the pre-prepared second electrode layer 14a corresponding to the pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a from the part of the pre-prepared second electrode layer 14a corresponding to the second edge area A2, and to disconnect the part of the pre-prepared second electrode layer 14a corresponding to the pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a from the pre-prepared second electrode layer 14a between adjacent two pre-prepared bodies, forming a pre-prepared second extension 18a on the surface of the pre-prepared first electrode layer 12a; (9) filling the structure obtained in step (8) with an encapsulating adhesive film 16, and encapsulating using a pre-prepared encapsulating layer 15a; (10) performing a second cutting on the pre-prepared encapsulating layer 15a, the pre-prepared second electrode layer 14a, the pre-prepared main body structure layer 13a, the pre-prepared first electrode layer 12a, and the pre-prepared substrate 11a along their thickness directions to obtain the sub-cell 10.

[0140] The plurality of sub-cells 10 are arranged in a row, and the plurality of sub-cells 10 are connected by a conductive belt 19 as shown in FIG. 1B. Figure 2The electric connection is shown; the adhesive is coated on the flexible film 20 to form a bonding layer, the connected multiple sub-cells 10 are inverted (the light-receiving surface is away from the flexible film 20) and bonded with the flexible film 20 to form the solar cell 100. Please refer to Figure 13 , Figure 13 is a structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0141] An embodiment of the present application further provides a photovoltaic device 1000, which comprises the solar cell 100 provided by the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application, and at least has the same advantages as the solar cell 100, so that the performance and application range of the photovoltaic device 1000 can be improved. As an example, since the solar cell 100 provided by the present application has certain deformation ability and rigidity, the solar cell 100 in the photovoltaic device 1000 also has certain deformation ability and rigidity, so the photovoltaic device 1000 can be applied to the building roof, sliding door, window and the like which have high weather resistance requirement and have a curved structure surface.

[0142] Please refer to Figure 14 , Figure 14 is a structural schematic diagram of an electric device 2000 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0143] An embodiment of the present application further provides an electric device 2000, which is a common device comprising the solar cell 100 provided by the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application, and at least has the same advantages as the solar cell 100, so that the performance of the electric device 2000 can be improved.

[0144] The solar cell 100 serves as a power supply for the above-mentioned electrical equipment 2000, or the solar cell 100 can serve as an energy storage unit of the above-mentioned electrical equipment 2000. As an example, the electrical equipment 2000 can be an electric vehicle or an electric sliding door, etc. with a curved structural surface. Since the solar cell 100 provided by the present application has a certain flexibility, the solar cell 100 can be closely attached to the curved structural surface such as a car sunroof or a sliding door surface, and the surface area of the car sunroof or the sliding door can be fully utilized for energy conversion. In addition, the solar cell 100 can deform along with the deformation of the surface structure of the car sunroof or the electric sliding door. Furthermore, since the solar cell 100 provided by the present application also has a certain rigidity, it is beneficial to improve the weather resistance of the car sunroof or the sliding door structure. In addition, the width of the sub-cell 10 in the solar cell 100 can be set according to the bending degree of the curved structural surface of the electrical equipment 2000. As an example, in the area with a large bending degree, a plurality of sub-cells 10 with a small width can be arranged, so as to facilitate the solar cell 100 to be bent to a large extent in the area. In the area with a small bending degree or a flat area, a sub-cell 10 with a large width can be arranged, so as to improve the overall structural strength and weather resistance of the area. The electrical equipment 2000 can be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, an electric vehicle, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, etc. The electric toy can include a fixed or mobile electric toy, such as a game console, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, an electric plane toy, etc. The spacecraft can include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, a spacecraft, etc.

[0145] Please refer to Figure 15 , Figure 15 is a structural schematic diagram of a power generation equipment provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0146] The embodiment of the present application further provides a power generation equipment 3000. The power generation equipment 3000 is a common equipment including the solar cell 100 provided by the above-mentioned embodiment of the present application. The power generation equipment 3000 has at least the same advantages as the solar cell 100, and can improve the power generation performance of the power generation equipment 3000. The solar cell 100 serves as an energy source of the power generation equipment 3000, and realizes the power output of the power generation equipment 3000. As an example, the power generation equipment 3000 can be applied to the fields of building electricity, wearable equipment electricity, smart phone electricity, vehicle-mounted battery electricity, etc.

[0147] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be replaced equivalently; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should be covered in the scope of the claims and the specification of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, each technical feature mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized by, The solar cell comprises a flexible film and a plurality of mutually independent sub-cells attached to the flexible film; the plurality of sub-cells are arranged on one side of the flexible film; each of the sub-cells comprises a substrate, a first electrode layer, a main structure layer, a second electrode layer and an encapsulation layer which are sequentially stacked, and the main structure layer comprises a light absorption layer, wherein at least one of the substrate and the encapsulation layer is rigid; There is a gap between the plurality of sub-cells; The solar cell further comprises a conductive strip, and any two adjacent sub-cells are electrically connected by the conductive strip; Each of the sub-cells further comprises a first extension; the first extension is arranged on the substrate, and the first extension is spaced apart from the first electrode layer and electrically connected to the second electrode layer; The second electrode layer of the sub-cell is electrically connected to the conductive strip through the first extension. The width of the gap is greater than 0 and less than 10 mm.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar cell further comprises a bonding layer arranged between the plurality of sub-cells and the flexible film.

3. The solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first extension is integrally arranged with the second electrode layer.

4. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein Each of the sub-cells further comprises a second extension arranged on the substrate or the surface of the first electrode layer away from the substrate; the second extension is electrically connected to the first electrode layer; 5. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein The first electrode layer of the sub-cell is electrically connected to the conductive strip through the second extension. The second extension is arranged on the surface of the first electrode layer away from the substrate; 6. The solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second extension comprises a first part and a second part connected to each other, the first part is arranged corresponding to a first side edge of the profile of the main structure layer, and the second part is arranged corresponding to a second side edge of the profile of the main structure layer, and the first side edge is connected to the second side edge. The second extension is made of the same material as the second electrode layer.

7. The solar cell according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The plurality of sub-cells are connected in series, in parallel or in a hybrid manner.

8. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 2 and 4 to 6, characterized in that, The plurality of sub-cells are connected in series, in parallel or in a hybrid manner.

9. The solar cell of claim 3, wherein, The plurality of sub-cells are connected in series, in parallel or in a hybrid manner.

10. The solar cell of claim 7, wherein, The solar cell comprises the solar cell of any one of claims 1 to 10.

11. A photovoltaic device, characterized by The solar cell comprises the solar cell of any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. An electrical device, characterized by The solar cell comprises the solar cell of any one of claims 1 to 10.

13. A power generation apparatus characterized by comprising: ​

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