Efficient self-cleaning single-stage spiral crushing structure

Abstract

The utility model aims to provide an efficient self-cleaning single-stage spiral crushing structure, which belongs to the field of agricultural and pastoral machinery, and comprises an inner roller, an outer cylinder, a rotor, a fixed cutter and a movable cutter, the inner roller is fixed outside the rotor, the outer cylinder is arranged outside the inner roller, a bearing seat is arranged inside the outer cylinder, the rotor is arranged on the bearing seat, and the fixed cutter is arranged on the bearing seat. The fixed cutter is mounted on the outer cylinder through a fixed cutter mounting seat, the movable cutter is mounted on the inner roller through a movable cutter mounting seat, a soil collecting tank is arranged below the outer cylinder, an air blower is mounted on the side of the outer cylinder, a compressed air spray head and a washing water spray head are arranged on the outer cylinder, and the compressed air spray head is connected with the air blower through a compressed air pipeline; the flushing water nozzle is connected with a process water pipeline. The straw crusher can be quickly disassembled, and the problems that a traditional straw crusher is low in crushing refinement degree, small in crushing amount, complex to operate, difficult to maintain, large in dust amount, large in cleaning difficulty and the like, and gravel and soil are accumulated in the straw crusher are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to an agricultural and livestock machinery, specifically a crushing device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most domestic crushing devices are designed for household or livestock farms processing agricultural and pasture feed and large-particle straw. They are mostly single-stage screen structures with the moving blades connected in series on a single shaft. These crushing devices suffer from several drawbacks, including non-adjustable fineness, limited adjustable crushing capacity, difficult operation and maintenance, limited functionality, and significant dust dispersion. The following are some common technical problems with existing domestic crushers.

[0003] 1. Throughout the straw crushing process, the crushed straw particles are large, lack shredding effect, and do not meet the required length;

[0004] 2. Throughout the entire straw crushing process, the crushing efficiency is low, and the production capacity cannot meet the demand;

[0005] 3. Traditional cutter head arrangement results in large fluctuations in drive load during the crushing process;

[0006] 4. The replacement and maintenance of the shredder blades are difficult, and the maintenance time is long;

[0007] 5. The outer casing uses a filter structure, which is greatly affected by weather and humidity, and the filter is easily clogged.

[0008] 6. During the large-scale crushing process in northern winters, heat is generated, and the accumulation of a large amount of water vapor at low temperatures will form a hard crust on the soil, reducing production efficiency.

[0009] 7. Severe dust dispersion occurs during the crushing process;

[0010] 8. Poor ability to work continuously. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency, self-cleaning single-stage spiral pulverizing structure that is precise, low-cost, easy to maintain, and easy to clean.

[0012] The purpose of this utility model is achieved as follows:

[0013] This utility model relates to a high-efficiency self-cleaning single-stage spiral pulverizer structure, characterized by comprising an inner drum, an outer cylinder, a rotor, a fixed blade, and a moving blade. The inner drum is fixed to the outside of the rotor, and the outer cylinder is installed outside the inner drum. A bearing seat is provided inside the outer cylinder, and the rotor is installed on the bearing seat. The fixed blade is installed on the outer cylinder via a fixed blade mounting seat, and the moving blade is installed on the inner drum via a moving blade mounting seat. A soil collection trough is provided below the outer cylinder, and a blower is installed on the side of the outer cylinder. Compressed air nozzles and flushing water nozzles are provided on the outer cylinder. The compressed air nozzles are connected to the blower via compressed air pipes, and the flushing water nozzles are connected to process water pipes.

[0014] This utility model may also include:

[0015] 1. The fixed blade adopts a double screw and waist-shaped hole adjustable position fixing method, and there is a row of moving blades between two adjacent rows of fixed blades.

[0016] 2. The installation spacing between two adjacent rows of fixed blades is 58.5mm. The angle between the first and second rows is 60°. The fixed blades in the second row are arranged in sequence at an angle of 30°.

[0017] 3. The moving blade is fixed to the moving blade mounting base by a pin and a cotter pin. The moving blade rotates on a fixed axis under the constraint of the pin. Four moving blade mounting bases are set in the same circumference, allowing for full blade, three blade, two blade, one blade, or complete removal.

[0018] 4. The moving blades of the first row of even-numbered rows are 58.5mm apart and form a 45° angle with the moving blades of the first row of odd-numbered rows.

[0019] 5. The spiral of the internal roller forms a 1.5° angle with the direction of the positioning axis of the adjacent odd-numbered circumference moving blade, and a 1.5° angle with the direction of the positioning axis of the adjacent even-numbered circumference moving blade.

[0020] 6. The outer cylinder is equipped with an independent, openable, and tiltable maintenance channel in a 135° sector area with the axis as the origin.

[0021] 7. A compressed air distribution box is installed between the blower and the compressed air pipeline. Under the action of the compressed air distribution box, the air at the blower outlet is divided into two paths: one path blows the inside of the outer cylinder, and the other path blows the soil collection trough.

[0022] 8. The connection between the soil collection trough and the outer cylinder is made of a perforated screen. An inspection door is installed on the side wall of the soil collection trough, and a dust collection bag is installed at one end of the soil collection trough.

[0023] The advantages of this utility model are:

[0024] 1. The entire set of equipment has a complete crushing structure and can be used in single-stage or multi-stage series combination.

[0025] 2. The internal drum moving blades of the single-stage crushing structure are arranged in a small angle combination to improve the dynamic balance center of gravity offset caused by installation errors or wear.

[0026] 3. In a single-stage crushing structure, the internal rollers and moving blades are arranged in a small-angle combination. During rotation, they generate a thrust towards the spiral end of the single-row moving blades, causing a slight lateral shift in the crushed material and improving the crushing effect. In multi-stage series crushing, adjacent stages rotate in different directions, causing the material to flow in a small S-shaped linear pattern within the channel, resulting in even finer crushing.

[0027] 4. The spiral arrangement of the moving blades reduces concentrated load and vibration caused by wear;

[0028] 5. A conical retaining ring is used between the outer wall of the drum and the outer wall of the shell to effectively prevent dust from being drawn into the end face of the drum and to prevent dust leakage from the outer wall, and to prevent filamentous materials from getting tangled around the shaft end and causing jamming.

[0029] 6. The independent, openable, and tiltable large-angle inspection channel allows for comprehensive inspection, replacement, and removal of foreign objects from the inside of the crushing device, making operation convenient and maintenance more efficient.

[0030] 7. The independent, openable, and tiltable inspection channel with a large angle provides sufficient space for the replacement or repair of the rotor and bearings, making maintenance and operation space user-friendly.

[0031] 8. The fixed blades of the single-stage crushing cylinder can be manually and continuously adjusted in depth. Depending on the crushing requirements, they can be used in full-size, intermittent, or irregularly arranged manner.

[0032] 9. An independent blower distributes fresh air into two paths: the first path is used for purging the inside of the crushing cylinder, and the second path is used for purging the soil collection trough.

[0033] 10. The bottom screen filters the sand, gravel, dust and other impurities mixed in the straw into the soil collection trough. The impurities in the soil collection trough are discharged from the bottom side under the influence of gravity and fresh air. To avoid dust blowing, dust collection bags and dust and straw dust collection and discharge outlets are set up.

[0034] 11. A water flushing port is provided inside the cylinder to flush away the mud and grass adhering to the inner wall of the cylinder, so as to prevent the accumulation and blockage of the inner wall of the cylinder in a humid environment. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the arrangement of the rotor's helical structure.

[0038] Figure 4 Layout diagram of the purging and washing structure;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the soil collection trough structure;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a rear view of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0042] Combination Figure 1-6This utility model includes a bearing seat 1, a cylinder 2, a fixed blade 3, a fixed blade mounting seat 4, a moving blade 5, a moving blade mounting seat 6, a compressed air nozzle 7, a flushing water nozzle 8, a soil collection trough 9, a compressed air pipeline 10, a process water pipeline 11, a compressed air distribution box 12, a blower 13, a pin 15, a cotter pin 16, a flushing water solenoid valve 17, a compressed air solenoid valve 18, a soil collection trough purging solenoid valve 19, a screen 20, an inspection door 21, an air outlet 22, a discharge port 23, and a dust collector bag 24.

[0043] Bearing seat 1 supports the rotor; cylinder 2 is used to install fixed blade 3, fixed blade mounting plate 4, for water washing, blowing, and screening, and also serves as the outer shell of the single-machine crushing unit; fixed blade 3 is used for rotating and chopping straw; fixed blade mounting seat 4 is used for installing fixed blade 3 and achieving adjustable insertion depth; moving blade 5 is used for rotating and crushing straw; moving blade mounting seat 6 is used for installing and fixing moving blade 5; compressed air nozzle 7 is used for blowing inside cylinder 2; flushing water nozzle 8 is used for flushing inside cylinder 2; soil collection trough 9 is used to collect dust and sand deposited in the cylinder; compressed air pipeline 10 is used as a compressed air flow channel; process water pipeline 11 is used as a water supply channel for flushing nozzles; compressed air distribution box 12 is used to distribute compressed air from the air source to meet the air volume requirements of different operating parts; blower 13 is used as the source of compressed air.

[0044] The high-efficiency, self-cleaning, single-stage spiral pulverizer is fixed to a metal frame and driven by an external motor and belt drive to rotate the pulverizing rotor. When the straw falls into the cylinder 2, it is crushed, shredded, and forced to rotate by high-speed rotating blades 5. Finally, the pulverized straw is ejected from the cylinder 2 through the outlet under centrifugal force.

[0045] The outer cylinder 2 adopts a cylindrical shape, replacing the filter screen screening method, effectively avoiding filter screen clogging and improving crushing efficiency; a conical retaining ring is provided at the connection between the inner drum and the outer wall;

[0046] The crushing barrel is equipped with an independent, openable, and tiltable maintenance channel in a 135° fan-shaped area with the shaft center as the origin. It can also realize rotor replacement, internal cleaning and maintenance.

[0047] The moving blades 5 of the high-efficiency self-cleaning single-stage spiral pulverizer are arranged in a spiral pattern. The moving blades 5 are fixed to the moving blade mounting base 6 by pins 15 and cotter pins 16. With the pins 15 in place, the moving blades 5 can rotate along a fixed axis. Depending on the application requirements, they can be used fully or all four blades in the same circumference can be removed for use. If significant wear is found in the moving blades during operation, all four moving blades 5 in the same circumference must be replaced.

[0048] The internal drum's moving blades 5 are arranged at a fixed angle along adjacent circumferential directions. Four blades are distributed at 90° intervals along odd-numbered circumferential directions. The first row of even-numbered blades 5 is spaced 58.5mm apart from the first row of odd-numbered blades at a 45° angle. Increasing the density of the moving blades 5 ensures a higher relative crushing frequency of the straw.

[0049] The internal roller spiral rotates at a 1.5° angle to the positioning axis of the adjacent odd-numbered circumference moving cutter, and at a 1.5° angle to the positioning axis of the adjacent even-numbered circumference moving cutter.

[0050] The spiral, angled arrangement of the moving blades results in a more uniform distribution, reducing load concentration and current fluctuations during the crushing process. Simultaneously, this arrangement reduces rotational inertia caused by wear.

[0051] The fixed blades 3 of the high-efficiency self-cleaning single-stage spiral crushing structure are arranged in a spaced, multi-row manner, and are fixed by a double screw and an adjustable position via a waist-shaped hole. A circumferential moving blade 5 passes through the gap between each adjacent fixed blade 3. By adjusting the relative position of the fixed blade 3 and the fixed blade mounting base 4, the insertion depth of the fixed blade 3 into the cylinder 2 is changed, thereby changing the amount of flowing straw cut and thus adjusting the crushing accuracy.

[0052] The fixed blades 3 are installed at a spacing of 58.5mm. The first row and the second row form an angle of 60°. The fixed blades 3 after the second row are arranged in sequence at an angle of 30°.

[0053] The high-efficiency self-cleaning single-stage spiral pulverizer structure is equipped with an independent fan 13, which provides multiple air supply channels through the air distribution box 12. One channel supplies air to the cylinder 2 for purging, which continuously cleans the dust and sand deposited inside the cylinder 2 in a timely manner, preventing the accumulation from weakening the cutting function of the fixed blade 3. The other channel supplies air to the soil collection tank 9, which accelerates the discharge of collected dust particles from the outlet through purging.

[0054] The high-efficiency self-cleaning single-stage spiral pulverizer structure is equipped with an independent water flushing port to wash away any dirt or silt buildup that may adhere to the inside of the cylinder. After water flushing, compressed air is used for rinsing and drying to reduce rust or freezing.

[0055] The high-efficiency self-cleaning single-stage spiral pulverizer is equipped with an independent soil collection trough 9. The connection between the soil collection trough 9 and the cylinder 2 is a porous screen 20, which screens out deposited soil and gravel during operation. Under gravity and vibration, the debris is discharged from the downward-sloping discharge port 23 of the soil collection trough. One end of the soil collection trough 9 is equipped with forced ventilation to prevent dust accumulation and blockage, while the other end has a dust collection bag 24 at a higher position for high-level exhaust, allowing debris to fall freely from the bottom. This reduces dust dispersion during the pulverizing process. An inspection door 21 is provided on the side wall of the soil collection trough for easy internal cleaning.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency, self-cleaning, single-stage spiral pulverizing structure, characterized by: It includes an inner roller, an outer cylinder, a rotor, a fixed blade, and a moving blade. The inner roller is fixed to the outside of the rotor, and the outer cylinder is installed outside the inner roller. A bearing seat is set inside the outer cylinder, and the rotor is installed on the bearing seat. The fixed blade is installed on the outer cylinder through a fixed blade mounting seat, and the moving blade is installed on the inner roller through a moving blade mounting seat. A soil collection trough is set at the bottom of the outer cylinder, and a blower is installed on the side of the outer cylinder. Compressed air nozzles and flushing water nozzles are set on the outer cylinder. The compressed air nozzles are connected to the blower through compressed air pipes, and the flushing water nozzles are connected to process water pipes.

2. The high-efficiency self-cleaning single-stage spiral pulverizing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed blades are fixed in an adjustable position using a double screw and a waist-shaped hole, with a row of moving blades between two adjacent rows of fixed blades.

3. The high-efficiency self-cleaning single-stage spiral pulverizing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spacing between two adjacent rows of fixed blades is 58.5mm. The first row and the second row form an angle of 60°. The fixed blades in the second row are arranged in sequence at an angle of 30°.

4. The high-efficiency self-cleaning single-stage spiral pulverizing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving blade is fixed to the moving blade mounting base by a pin and a cotter pin. The moving blade rotates on a fixed axis under the constraint of the pin. Four moving blade mounting bases are set in the same circumference, allowing for full blade, three blade, two blade, one blade, or complete removal.

5. The high-efficiency self-cleaning single-stage spiral pulverizing structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The moving blades in the first row of even-numbered rows are spaced 58.5 mm apart from the moving blades in the first row of odd-numbered rows, forming a 45° angle.

6. The high-efficiency self-cleaning single-stage spiral pulverizing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal roller spiral rotates at a 1.5° angle to the direction of the positioning axis of the adjacent odd-numbered circumference moving blade, and at a 1.5° angle to the direction of the positioning axis of the adjacent even-numbered circumference moving blade.

7. The high-efficiency self-cleaning single-stage spiral pulverizing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer cylinder is equipped with an independent, openable, and tiltable maintenance channel in a 135° sector area with the axis as the origin.

8. The high-efficiency self-cleaning single-stage spiral pulverizing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A compressed air distribution box is installed between the blower and the compressed air pipeline. Under the action of the compressed air distribution box, the air at the blower outlet is divided into two paths: one path blows the inside of the outer cylinder, and the other path blows the soil collection trough.

9. The high-efficiency self-cleaning single-stage spiral pulverizing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection between the soil collection trough and the outer cylinder is a perforated screen, an inspection door is installed on the side wall of the soil collection trough, and a dust collection bag is installed at one end of the soil collection trough.

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