Charging structure for blast hole bottom protection

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of blasting excavation, in particular to a charging structure for blast hole bottom protection, which comprises a blast hole extending from a top plate to a bottom plate and extending below the bottom plate; the buffer structure is arranged at the bottom of the blast hole; the multi-layer charging structure is arranged above the buffer structure, and each layer of charging structure comprises an emulsion explosive and a filling structure; wherein the buffer structure is an air column structure. According to the blast hole structure, the air buffering structure is arranged at the bottom of the hole, a layered charging structure is adopted, the explosive quantity of a single hole can be reduced, no excessive energy destroys base rock, air has certain compressibility and buffering effect, and compared with buffering structures such as polyurethane foam, the air buffering structure has the advantages that the structure is simple, and the cost is low. And shock waves generated during explosive explosion can be weakened to a greater extent, so that direct impact and damage to surrounding rock masses are reduced, and particularly, the range and degree of explosion can be more accurately controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of blasting excavation technology, specifically relating to a charging structure for protecting the bottom of a blasting hole. Background Technology

[0002] For waterway blasting and excavation projects, the special nature of waterway construction determines the complexity and diversity of the foundation pit shape. There are multiple pits of different sizes and shapes within the foundation pit, and there are also "ditches within trenches" in the foundation pit trenches.

[0003] Especially during blasting, the bearing capacity of the foundation must not be damaged, and the ground level must be kept at the same design requirements, which makes construction difficult. Usually, in order to reduce the damage of blasting to the foundation, a buffer structure is set at the bottom of the hole, such as filling it with polyurethane foam. However, the buffering capacity of this structure is still insufficient to meet the protection requirements of the foundation. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this utility model discloses a charging structure for protecting the bottom of blasting holes. It adopts a layered charging structure with an air buffer structure at the bottom of the hole. The scientific structure can reduce the amount of explosive in a single hole, reduce the direct impact and damage to the surrounding rock mass, and help to more accurately control the range and extent of blasting.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A charge structure with bottom protection for blast holes, comprising:

[0007] A blast hole extending from the top plate to the bottom plate, the blast hole extending below the bottom plate;

[0008] A buffer structure is provided at the bottom of the borehole;

[0009] A multi-layered explosive charge structure is disposed above the buffer structure, and each layer of the explosive charge structure includes an emulsion explosive and a filling structure.

[0010] The buffer structure is an air column structure, and the interior of the air column structure is filled with air.

[0011] Preferably, the maximum depth of the borehole is 5.6m, and the height of the air column structure is 0.5m.

[0012] Preferably, the total length of the filling structure inside the borehole is greater than the total length of the emulsion explosive.

[0013] Preferably, the total length of the filling structure is 2.8m, and the total length of the emulsion explosive is 2.2m.

[0014] Preferably, the multi-layered charge structure includes a double-layered charge structure, a triple-layered charge structure, or a quadruple-layered charge structure.

[0015] Preferably, the emulsion explosive is triggered by a digital detonator, and the multi-layered charge structure is configured to detonate layer by layer from top to bottom.

[0016] Preferably, the filling structure is a rock debris filling structure.

[0017] Preferably, the air column structure includes a sleeve and a bladder, the bladder being disposed inside the sleeve, and the sleeve being disposed at the bottom of the borehole.

[0018] Preferably, the sleeve is a VC tube, the bladder is a rubber bladder, and the interior of the bladder forms a sealed cavity for containing gas.

[0019] Preferably, the rubber bladder is cylindrical, and the outer diameter of the rubber bladder is larger than the inner diameter of the PVC pipe.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0021] The blasting hole structure proposed in this utility model has an air buffer structure at the bottom of the hole and adopts a layered charging structure, which can reduce the amount of explosive in a single hole, so that there is no excess energy to damage the base rock. Moreover, air has a certain compressibility and buffering effect, which can reduce the shock wave generated by the explosive detonation to a greater extent compared with buffer structures such as polyurethane foam, thereby reducing the direct impact and damage to the surrounding rock mass. In particular, it helps to more accurately control the range and degree of blasting, so that the blasting effect is more in line with expectations, and improves the efficiency and accuracy of blasting operations. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This utility model describes a charge structure with two layers of charge for bottom protection of the blast hole.

[0023] Figure 2 This utility model describes a charge structure with a three-layer charge and bottom protection for the blast hole.

[0024] Figure 3 This utility model describes a charge structure with four layers of charge and bottom protection for the blast hole.

[0025] Figure 4 This utility model describes the blast hole structure of the air column structure.

[0026] List of identifiers in attached diagrams:

[0027] 10a. Top plate; 10b. Bottom plate; 11. Sleeve; 12. Bag; 13. Sealed cavity; 20. Emulsion explosive; 21. Digital detonator; 30. Filling structure; 100. Borehole. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the explosive charge structure for bottom protection of the blast hole of this utility model includes a blast hole 100, a buffer structure and a multi-layer charge structure. The blast hole 100 extends from the top plate 10a to the bottom plate 10b and extends below the bottom plate 10b.

[0030] The buffer structure is located at the bottom of the borehole 100.

[0031] The multi-layered explosive charge structure is positioned above the buffer structure, and each layer includes an emulsion explosive charge 20 and a packing structure 30. This reduces the amount of explosive charge per hole, preventing excess energy from damaging the base rock.

[0032] Furthermore, by utilizing the precise time-delay detonation technology of digital electronic detonators, the explosives inside the holes are designed to be loaded in two, three, or four layers depending on the location, and the maximum amount of explosives is effectively controlled by adopting a hole-by-hole, layer-by-layer, and segment-by-segment time-delay detonation method.

[0033] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, multi-layered charge structures include double-layered, triple-layered, or quadruple-layered charge structures.

[0034] The total length of the filling structure 30 inside the borehole 100 is greater than the total length of the emulsion explosive 20, which ensures that the explosive reacts fully inside the borehole and prolongs the action time of the explosive gas. This helps the cracks previously caused by the shock wave to fully develop under the action of the high-pressure gas wedge, resulting in more complete rock fragmentation and a better blasting effect.

[0035] Furthermore, adjusting the ratio of the packing structure to the length of the explosive can, to some extent, control the direction and range of the blast.

[0036] The depth and amount of each layer of emulsion explosive 20 are set according to the principle of loosening the blasting funnel.

[0037] In the above embodiments, the buffer structure is an air column structure, and the interior of the air column structure is an air medium.

[0038] In this way, the explosive charge is kept at a certain distance from the rock at the bottom of the hole, reducing the damage to the rock layer at the bottom of the pit. After the blasting operation is carried out, the bottom of the pit is flat and the strength of the rock fully meets the design requirements. This design achieves the goal of not damaging the strength of the rock at the bottom of the pit even if the blasting force reaches the bottom of the pit.

[0039] Specifically, the maximum depth of the blast hole 100 is 5.6m, and the height of the air column structure is 0.5m. If the excavation pit is deep, a multi-layer excavation design will be adopted, and the bottom of the pit will be leveled through layer-by-layer blasting excavation.

[0040] Specifically, the total length of the filling structure 30 is 2.8m, and the total length of the emulsion explosive 20 is 2.2m.

[0041] Among them, the emulsion explosive 20 is triggered by the digital detonator 21, and the multi-layer charge structure is set to detonate layer by layer from the top to the bottom; the filling structure 30 is a rock debris filling structure.

[0042] In this way, by delaying the detonation hole by hole, layer by layer, and segment by segment, the maximum amount of explosive charge in each segment can be effectively controlled, and the impact of the blasting shock wave on the protected target can be reduced to the greatest extent.

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, the air column structure includes a sleeve 11 and a bag 12. The bag 12 is placed inside the sleeve 11 (directly inserting it into the borehole 100 may damage the bag 12), and the sleeve 11 is located at the bottom of the borehole 100. By placing the bag 12 inside the sleeve 11, it is ensured that this height section is filled with air and will not be invaded by seepage water inside the borehole 100. If this height section is a seepage layer, the buffering effect will be greatly reduced, which will cause damage to the rock strata at the bottom of the borehole 100 and reduce the strength of the rock strata.

[0044] In a specific embodiment, the sleeve 11 is a PVC pipe, the bag 12 is a rubber bag, and the inside of the bag 12 forms a sealed cavity 13 for containing gas.

[0045] Thus, the inflated rubber bag is filled into the PVC pipe. Since the outer diameter of the rubber bag is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the PVC pipe, the rubber bag can be pre-fixed to the PVC pipe and can be lowered to the bottom of the hole along with the PVC pipe. Then, the explosive structure is set above the PVC pipe.

[0046] It should be understood that air has a certain compressibility and buffering effect. Setting an air buffer layer at the bottom of the blast hole can reduce the shock wave generated by the explosion of explosives to a greater extent compared with buffer structures such as polyurethane foam, thereby reducing the direct impact and damage to the surrounding rock mass. In particular, it helps to control the range and degree of blasting more precisely, making the blasting effect more in line with expectations and improving the efficiency and accuracy of blasting operations.

[0047] It should be noted that the above content merely illustrates the technical concept of this utility model and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this utility model, and all such improvements and modifications fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A charge structure for protecting the bottom of a blast hole, characterized in that, include: A borehole (100) extends from the top plate (10a) to the bottom plate (10b), the borehole (100) extending below the bottom plate (10b); A buffer structure is provided at the bottom of the borehole (100); A multi-layered explosive charge structure is disposed above the buffer structure, and each layer of the explosive charge structure includes an emulsion explosive (20) and a filling structure (30). The buffer structure is an air column structure, and the interior of the air column structure is filled with air.

2. The explosive charge structure for protecting the bottom of the blast hole according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum depth of the borehole (100) is 5.6m, and the height of the air column structure is 0.5m.

3. The explosive charge structure for protecting the bottom of the blast hole according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total length of the filling structure (30) inside the borehole (100) is greater than the total length of the emulsion explosive (20).

4. The explosive charge structure for protecting the bottom of the blast hole according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total length of the filling structure (30) is 2.8m, and the total length of the emulsion explosive (20) is 2.2m.

5. The explosive charge structure for protecting the bottom of the blast hole according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-layered charge structure includes a two-layered charge structure, a three-layered charge structure, or a four-layered charge structure.

6. The explosive charge structure for protecting the bottom of the blast hole according to claim 1, characterized in that, The emulsion explosive (20) is triggered by a digital detonator (21), and the multi-layer charge structure is set to detonate layer by layer from top to bottom.

7. The explosive charge structure for bottom protection of the blast hole according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filling structure (30) is a rock debris filling structure.

8. The explosive charge structure for protecting the bottom of the blast hole according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air column structure includes a sleeve (11) and a bag (12), the bag (12) being disposed inside the sleeve (11), and the sleeve (11) being disposed at the bottom of the borehole (100).

9. The explosive charge structure for protecting the bottom of the blast hole according to claim 8, characterized in that, The sleeve (11) is a PVC pipe, the bag (12) is a rubber bag, and the inside of the bag (22) forms a sealed cavity (13) for containing gas.

10. The explosive charge structure for protecting the bottom of the blast hole according to claim 9, characterized in that, The rubber bladder is cylindrical, and its outer diameter is larger than the inner diameter of the PVC pipe.

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