A device for self-propagating thermal explosion sintering of ceramic bulk

Abstract

The application relates to a device for preparing ceramic blocks by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, and belongs to the technical field of ceramic preparation. The device comprises a ceramic block limiting device and a detonation-driven flyer device arranged above the ceramic block limiting device; after the explosion of the explosive in the detonation-driven flyer device, a flyer is driven to impact the ceramic block limiting device; the ceramic block limiting device comprises a top cover, a constraint component coaxially sleeved outside the top cover and a base connected with the constraint component; the top cover is provided with a groove capable of closely matching a convex side surface of the base, and an outer edge extending outward is arranged at the groove mouth; the constraint component is limited by the abutment of a stepped surface in the constraint component and an upper end surface of the outer edge; an ignition hole for placing an aluminized agent is arranged on the side surface of the top cover, and a through groove for placing an ignition wire in contact with the aluminized agent is arranged on the side surface of the constraint component. The device realizes omnibearing limitation of ceramic initial blanks, and is favorable for obtaining ceramic blocks with high compactness.

Description

A device for preparing ceramic bulk materials by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an apparatus for preparing ceramic bulk materials by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering, belonging to the field of ceramic preparation technology. Background Technology

[0002] The main principle of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis technology is to use an external heat source to initiate a localized chemical reaction with high exothermic activity. The heat released by this reaction then triggers a chemical reaction in the surrounding area, forming a reaction wave front that propagates towards the unreacted region until all reactants have reacted. Compared with traditional material preparation technologies, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis technology has the following advantages: 1. The synthesis process and required equipment are simple and easy to mass-produce; 2. Energy consumption is low, and no external energy supply is needed after the reaction is initiated; 3. Production efficiency is high, with reaction times ranging from a few seconds to a few minutes; 4. Product purity is high, with a reaction conversion rate close to 100%; 5. A large amount of heat is released during the reaction, resulting in a high system temperature, high activity, and easier sintering. Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis technology can be used to prepare many materials such as carbides, nitrides, borides, and oxides, and is currently commonly used in powder preparation, casting, welding, sintering, and coating technologies.

[0003] Explosive sintering, also known as explosive compaction or explosive consolidation, is a process that utilizes the energy generated by explosive detonation to directly act on the sample to be sintered in the form of a shock wave, or to drive a flyweight to act on the sample, thereby densifying the sample under the influence of the shock wave. Compared to traditional sintering methods, explosive sintering has the following advantages: 1. It generates high pressure, up to 100 GPa, which can sinter near-dense materials; 2. The action time is short, generally around tens of microseconds, with minimal impact on the properties of the sample; 3. The equipment is simple and easy to scale up production. Explosive sintering is widely used in fields such as nanostructured materials, amorphous materials, superhard materials, and difficult-to-sinter powder materials.

[0004] Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SPHT) is a common process in ceramic material preparation. However, traditional SPHT processes often result in porous and loose products with a density of only 50%–60% due to the short reaction time and lack of external pressure, making it difficult to obtain dense ceramic bulks. Therefore, introducing external pressure during SPHT to promote densification can overcome these shortcomings. Combining explosive sintering, which features high pressurization rates and high pressure peaks, with SPHT is an effective method to improve the density of ceramic materials.

[0005] However, the existing devices that combine self-propagating high-temperature synthesis with explosive sintering have a problem: they only restrict the horizontal direction of the sample to be sintered. For example, using steel rings to circumferentially constrain the ceramic blank and surrounding it with multiple layers of gypsum board as support, and laying zirconia board on top as insulation material, the existing devices cannot prevent the vertical expansion of the sample to be sintered during the self-propagating reaction process, which affects the density of the ceramic block. In addition, due to the complex structure of the existing combined devices, the propagation of shock waves is complex, so the influencing factors that need to be considered when adjusting the ceramic block preparation parameters are quite complex. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for preparing ceramic blocks by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering. The apparatus can constrain and restrict the sample to be sintered (i.e., the ceramic blank) in the horizontal and vertical directions, avoiding the expansion of the sample to be sintered in the self-propagating reaction, which is beneficial to improving the density. Moreover, the all-round constraint of the sample to be sintered avoids the displacement of the sample, which is beneficial to the recovery of the sample after explosion sintering. The apparatus has a simple structure and is convenient for adjusting the parameters during the preparation of ceramic blocks.

[0007] To achieve the objectives of this invention, the following technical solutions are provided.

[0008] A device for preparing ceramic blocks by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering includes a detonation-driven flying plate device and a ceramic block limiting device;

[0009] The detonation-driven flying piece device is spaced above the ceramic block limiting device. The detonation-driven flying piece device includes explosives and flying pieces. After the explosives are detonated, the flying pieces are driven to impact the ceramic block recovery device.

[0010] The ceramic block limiting device includes a top cover, a restraining component, and a base; a protrusion is provided on the upper end surface of the base, and the upper end surface of the protrusion is used to place the ceramic blank.

[0011] The top cover has a groove that can fit tightly with the raised side of the base. The groove has an outwardly extending edge at the opening. The depth of the groove is greater than the thickness of the blank on the raised part and less than the total thickness of the ceramic blank and the raised part.

[0012] The constraint component is coaxially fitted onto the outside of the top cover. The constraint component limits the position of the top cover by abutting against the upper surface of the outer edge of the top cover through its internal stepped surface. The constraint component is detachably connected to the base.

[0013] The top cover has a through hole on its side as an ignition hole for placing the thermite, and the constraint component has a through groove on its side that communicates with the ignition hole for placing the ignition wire, and the ignition wire is in contact with the thermite.

[0014] Furthermore, when the top cover has covered the ceramic blank on the protrusion, and the restraining component has been coaxially fitted outside the top cover and connected to the base, the top of the top cover is higher than the top of the restraining component.

[0015] Furthermore, the detonation-driven flying plate device also includes a bracket with a central through hole, the edge of the flying plate being bonded to the central through hole on the bracket, and explosives being placed on the flying plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the detonation-driven flying plate device also includes multiple support columns disposed between the bracket and the constraint component.

[0017] Furthermore, both the bracket and the constraint component are provided with positioning holes for fixing the support column.

[0018] Furthermore, multiple through holes are provided on the side of the top cover as venting holes.

[0019] Furthermore, the portion of the base that mates with the constraint component is provided with multiple connecting through holes, and the bottom of the constraint component is provided with threaded holes corresponding to the connecting through holes on the base, so that the constraint component is connected to the base by bolts.

[0020] Furthermore, the apparatus for preparing ceramic blocks by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering also includes an ignition delay detonation device, which is used to control the ignition time of the self-propagating reaction of the ceramic block, control the detonation time of the explosive, and control the time interval between ignition and detonation.

[0021] Furthermore, the ignition delay detonation device includes a delay controller and an ignition device and a detonation controller, which are electrically connected to the delay controller respectively; the ignition device is used to control the ignition of the self-propagating reaction of the ceramic block, and the delay controller, after the ignition device completes ignition, delays for a set time and sends a detonation signal to the detonation controller, and the detonation controller controls the detonation of the explosive according to the received detonation signal.

[0022] Beneficial effects

[0023] 1. This invention provides an apparatus for preparing ceramic blocks by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering. The apparatus, through the arrangement of a top cover, restraining components, and a base, achieves omnidirectional confinement of the initial blank. Therefore, the initial blank does not expand horizontally or vertically during the self-propagation process, providing a foundation for obtaining high-density ceramic blocks. Simultaneously, the top cover is grooved, with a depth greater than the thickness of the initial blank but less than the total thickness of the initial blank and the protrusions. This allows the top cover to displace downwards when the explosive detonation-driven flying blade impacts the top cover, compacting the initial blank after the self-propagating reaction and obtaining high-density ceramic blocks. Furthermore, the ceramic block recovery device of this invention controls the direction of the self-propagating flame, isolates the flame by the detonation-driven flying blade device, avoids premature detonation of the explosive, improves safety, and also facilitates the overall recovery of the obtained ceramic blocks after explosion sintering.

[0024] The apparatus for preparing ceramic blocks by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering described in this invention has a simple structure and facilitates the adjustment of parameters during the preparation of ceramic blocks. By adjusting the amount of explosive, the type of explosive, the interval between the top cover and the flyer, the wall thickness of the top cover, and the thickness of the flyer, the process parameters for preparing ceramic blocks can be adjusted.

[0025] 2. The present invention provides an apparatus for preparing ceramic blocks by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering. When the top cover has covered the ceramic blank on the protrusion and the constraint component has been coaxially fitted outside the top cover and connected to the base, the top of the top cover is higher than the top of the constraint component. In this way, after being impacted by the flying blade, the flying blade only acts on the top cover, thus enabling a higher density ceramic block to be obtained.

[0026] 3. The present invention provides an apparatus for preparing ceramic blocks by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering. Multiple vent holes are provided in the top cover to discharge the gas generated during the self-propagating reaction, thereby avoiding the generation of pores (which would reduce the density of the ceramic block) during the subsequent sintering process and improving the density of the ceramic block.

[0027] 4. The present invention provides an apparatus for preparing ceramic blocks by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering, wherein the constraint component is connected to the base by bolts, which facilitates the installation and disassembly of the apparatus.

[0028] 5. The present invention provides an apparatus for preparing ceramic blocks by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering, which further includes an ignition delay detonation device. The ignition delay detonation device can ensure that the initial blank is impacted and compacted just at the end of the self-propagating reaction, making the preparation of ceramic blocks convenient. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for the self-propagating thermal explosion sintering ceramic block.

[0030] Figure 2 is a full cross-sectional schematic diagram of the top cover in the device for the self-propagating thermal explosion sintering ceramic block.

[0031] Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the front view of the constraint steel sleeve in the device for the self-propagating thermal explosion sintering ceramic block.

[0032] Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the top view of the constraint steel sleeve in the device for the self-propagating thermal explosion sintering ceramic block.

[0033] Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the front view of the base in the device for the self-propagating thermal explosion sintering ceramic block.

[0034] Figure 6 is a physical image of the multiphase ceramic block prepared in Example 3.

[0035] Figure 7a) is a SEM image of the first ceramic block, and b) is a SEM image of the second ceramic block.

[0036] Among them, 1-electric detonator, 2-explosive, 3-bracket, 4-support column, 5-top cover, 6-constraint steel sleeve, 7-base, 8-ignition hole, 9-ignition wire, 10-through groove, 11-flying piece, 12-vent hole, 13-threaded hole, 14-positioning hole, 15-connecting through hole. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] As shown in Figures 1-5, an apparatus for preparing ceramic blocks by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering includes a detonation-driven flying plate device and a ceramic block recovery device.

[0040] The detonation-driven flying blade device is spaced above the ceramic block recovery device. It includes explosive 2 and flying blade 11. After the explosive 2 is detonated, it drives the flying blade 11 to impact the ceramic block recovery device.

[0041] The detonation-driven flying piece device also includes a support 3, which has a central through hole. The edge of the flying piece 11 is bonded to the central through hole on the support 3, and explosive 2 is placed on the flying piece 11. Therefore, when the electric detonator 1 on the explosive 2 is detonated, the explosive 2 explodes, thereby driving the flying piece 11 to impact the ceramic block recycling device at high speed.

[0042] The ceramic block recycling device includes a top cover 5, a constraint steel sleeve 6, and a base 7; a protrusion is provided on the upper end surface of the base 7, and the upper end surface of the protrusion is used to place the ceramic blank; in this example, the base 7 and the protrusion on the base 7 are both cylindrical.

[0043] The top cover 5 has a groove that can fit tightly with the raised side of the base 7. In this example, the groove is a groove with a circular cross-section. The groove opening is provided with an outwardly extending outer edge, i.e., a rounded edge. The depth of the groove is greater than the thickness of the blank on the raised part and less than the total thickness of the ceramic blank and the raised part. Therefore, when the ceramic blank is placed on the raised part and the top cover 5 is then covered, the ceramic blank can be sealed. When the explosive 2 explodes and the flying piece 11 impacts the top cover 5, the top cover 5 has space to move downward to compact the ceramic blank after the self-propagating reaction.

[0044] The constraint steel sleeve 6 is coaxially fitted onto the outside of the top cover 5 and supported on the base 7. The central hole of the constraint steel sleeve 6 has a lower stepped surface that abuts against the upper surface of the outer edge of the top cover 5. That is, the constraint component 6 achieves the limitation of the top cover by abutting against the upper surface of the outer edge through its internal stepped surface, thus limiting the top cover 5 and preventing the ceramic blank from moving during the explosion. The constraint steel sleeve 6 is detachably connected to the non-protruding part of the base 7. When the top cover 5 has covered the ceramic blank on the protrusion and the constraint steel sleeve 6 has been fitted onto the outside of the top cover 5 and connected to the base 7, the top of the top cover 5 is higher than the top of the constraint steel sleeve 6. This ensures the impact of the flying piece 11 on the top cover 5 and ensures the compaction of the ceramic blank by the explosion sintering.

[0045] The top cover 5 has a through hole arranged radially on its side as an ignition hole 8, and the ignition hole 8 contains thermite; the restraint steel sleeve 6 has a through groove 10 arranged radially on its side that communicates with the ignition hole 8, and the through groove 10 is used to place the ignition wire 9.

[0046] Multiple through holes are provided radially on the side of the top cover 5 (specifically, on the circumferential surface of the portion extending from the restraining steel sleeve 6) as vent holes 12 to discharge the gas generated during the self-propagating reaction. In this example, nine through holes are provided as vent holes 12.

[0047] The detonation-driven flying plate device also includes a plurality of support columns 4 disposed between the bracket 3 and the constraint steel sleeve 6, and both the bracket 3 and the constraint steel sleeve 6 are provided with positioning holes 14 for fixing and supporting the support. The detonation-driven flying plate device is disposed at intervals on the ceramic block recycling device through the support columns 4.

[0048] The non-protruding part of the base 7 is provided with multiple connecting through holes 15 as needed. The bottom of the constraint steel sleeve 6 is provided with a threaded hole 13 that is aligned with the connecting through holes 15 on the base 7. The constraint steel sleeve 6 is connected to the base 7 by bolts.

[0049] During assembly, the ceramic blank is placed on the protrusion of the base 7, and the top cover 5 is placed on top to cover the ceramic blank. The constraint steel sleeve 6 is coaxially fitted on the outside of the top cover 5 from above, and the through groove 10 in the constraint steel sleeve 6 is aligned with the ignition hole 8 in the top cover 5. The bottom of the constraint steel sleeve 6 contacts the upper end surface of the non-protruding part of the base 7 and is fastened to the base 7 with bolts, thereby fixing the top cover 5 and the ceramic blank.

[0050] Place the thermite in the ignition hole 8, and connect one end of the ignition wire 9 to the thermite in the ignition hole 8, while connecting the other end to the ignition device via a wire.

[0051] Insert one end of the support column 4 into the positioning hole 14 on the constraint steel sleeve 6, and then place the bracket 3 on the support column 4 (that is, insert the other end of the support column 4 into the positioning hole 14 on the bracket 3); attach the flying piece 11 in the through hole of the bracket 3, and then place the explosive 2 on the flying piece 11.

[0052] The working principle of the device for preparing ceramic blocks by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering is as follows: the power of the ignition device is turned on, and the thermite in the ignition hole 8 is ignited by the ignition wire 9 to react. The heat generated by the thermite reaction causes the ceramic blank to undergo a self-propagating reaction. The self-propagating reaction is set for a time (i.e., the self-propagating reaction time is obtained according to the pre-experiment). The explosive 2 is detonated by the electric detonator 1. After the explosive 2 explodes, it drives the flying piece 11 to impact the top cover 5, thereby further compacting the blank after the self-propagating reaction to obtain a ceramic block with further improved density.

[0053] The apparatus for preparing ceramic blocks by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering provided in this embodiment can suppress the expansion of the ceramic blank in the self-propagating reaction and improve the density of the obtained ceramic block because the top cover 5 is limited by the constraint steel sleeve 6 connected to the base 7. During the explosion sintering process, due to the combined action of the constraint steel sleeve 6 and the base 7, the movement of the top cover 5 in the lateral and vertical directions is restricted during the impact of the flying piece 11. Moreover, there is a gap between the groove of the top cover 5 and the non-protruding part of the base 7. Therefore, when the flying piece 11 impacts, the top cover 5 has space to move downward to compact the ceramic blank.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] Based on Example 1, the apparatus for preparing ceramic blocks by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering further includes an ignition delay detonation device. The ignition delay detonation device is used to control the ignition time of the self-propagating reaction, control the detonation time of the explosive 2, and control the time interval between ignition and detonation. This ensures that the ceramic blank is compacted by impact just as the self-propagating reaction of the sample ends.

[0056] The ignition delay detonation device includes a delay controller and an ignition device and a detonation controller, which are electrically connected to the delay controller respectively; wherein, the ignition device includes a power supply, an ignition wire 9 and a thermite; in this example, the ignition wire 9 is a tungsten wire coil with an insulating sleeve; the thermite is placed in the ignition hole 8, one end of the ignition wire 9 is in contact with the thermite, and the other end is connected to the power supply of the ignition device through a wire.

[0057] After the ignition device completes ignition, the delay controller delays for a set time and sends an initiation signal to the detonation controller. Upon receiving the initiation signal, the detonation controller detonates the electric detonator 1 on the explosive 2.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] TiB2-TiC-Ni multiphase ceramic blocks were prepared using the apparatus for preparing ceramic blocks by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering as described in Example 2. The raw materials used were titanium powder (particle size 45 μm, purity 99.5%), boron carbide powder (particle size 10 μm, purity 98%), and nickel powder (particle size 25 μm, purity 99.9%). The explosive used was expanded ammonium nitrate with a detonation velocity of 3200 m / s. The ceramic blocks were prepared according to the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Mix titanium powder, boron carbide powder, and nickel powder in a weight ratio of 57.57%, 22.39%, and 20.04%, respectively, and ball mill them. Use ethanol as the ball milling medium and air as the gas atmosphere. Ball mill at 400 r / min for 3 hours, then remove and dry. Compact the ball-milled powder into two ceramic blanks with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 20 mm. The density of the ceramic blanks is 50%.

[0061] Step 2: Place a ceramic blank on the protrusion of the base 7, cover it with the top cover 5 to cover the ceramic blank, and fit the constraint steel sleeve 6 on the outer side of the top cover 5 from above, aligning the through groove 10 in the constraint steel sleeve 6 with the ignition hole 8 in the top cover 5. The bottom of the constraint steel sleeve 6 contacts the upper surface of the non-protruding part of the base 7 and is fastened to the base 7 with bolts. Place the thermite in the ignition hole 8 and compact it slightly. Place one end of the tungsten wire coil with an insulating sleeve in contact with the thermite in the ignition hole 8, and connect the other end to the power supply of the ignition device through a wire. Insert one end of the support column 4 into the positioning hole 14 on the constraint steel sleeve 6, and then place the bracket 3 on the support column 4 (that is, insert the other end of the support column 4 into the positioning hole 14 on the bracket 3). Attach the flyer 11 in the through hole of the bracket 3, and then place the explosive 2 on the flyer 11.

[0062] In this example, the distance from the top of the flyer 11 to the top of the top cover 5 is 45mm, the thickness of the flyer 11 is 2mm, and the charge height of the explosive 2 is 150mm.

[0063] Step 3: Based on the self-propagating reaction time of the ceramic blank obtained from the preliminary experiment, first set the time in the delay timer (in this embodiment, the time is set to 7s), turn on the power of the ignition device, and start the delay timer. After 7s (i.e., after the self-propagating reaction of the ceramic blank ends), start the electric detonator 1, and detonate the explosive 2 to drive the flying piece 11 to strike the top cover 5 to compact the ceramic blank after the self-propagating reaction. After cooling, open the device and cut the first ceramic block obtained from the top cover 5, which is the TiB2-TiC-Ni multiphase ceramic block.

[0064] Based on steps two and three above, another ceramic blank was tested. The charge height of explosive 2 was 200mm, and the second ceramic block was finally obtained.

[0065] Figure 6 shows a physical image of the second ceramic block prepared in this example. The density of the first ceramic block prepared in this embodiment is 94%, and the Vickers hardness is 17.44 GPa; the density of the second ceramic block is 97.65%, and the Vickers hardness is 19.13 GPa.

[0066] The formula for calculating the density (D) is: D = ρ 实际 / ρ 理论 ×100%, where ρ 实际 ρ represents the actual density. 理论 This represents the theoretical density.

[0067] The actual density was tested and calculated according to the method specified in the national standard GB / T 25995-2010 "Test Method for Density and Apparent Porosity of Fine Ceramics".

[0068] The Vickers hardness was measured using an HMV-2TADW microhardness tester manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation of Japan. The test conditions were a pressure of 9.8 N and a holding time of 15 s.

[0069] The microstructure of the first ceramic block and the second ceramic block were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results are shown in Figure 7a) and b). It can be seen that the microstructure of the two ceramic blocks prepared in this embodiment is uniform and there are no obvious pores, indicating that the sintering effect is good.

[0070] This invention includes, but is not limited to, the above embodiments. Any equivalent substitutions or partial improvements made under the spirit and principles of this invention shall be considered within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for preparing ceramic bulk materials by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering, characterized in that: The device includes a detonation-driven flying disc device and a ceramic block limiting device. The detonation-driven flying disc device is spaced above the ceramic block limiting device. Each device includes explosives and flying discs. After the explosives are detonated, they drive the flying discs to impact the ceramic block recovery device. The ceramic block limiting device includes a top cover, a restraining component, and a base. A protrusion is provided on the upper surface of the base, and the upper surface of the protrusion is used to place the initial ceramic blank. The top cover has a groove that can tightly fit with the side of the protrusion on the base, and the groove opening is provided with... The outer edge extends outward, and the depth of the groove is greater than the thickness of the initial blank on the protrusion, but less than the total thickness of the ceramic initial blank and the protrusion. The constraint component is coaxially fitted on the outside of the top cover, and the constraint component limits the top cover by abutting the upper end face of the outer edge through its internal stepped surface. The constraint component is detachably connected to the base. The side of the top cover is provided with a through hole as an ignition hole for placing the thermite, and the side of the constraint component is provided with a through groove communicating with the ignition hole for placing the ignition wire, and the ignition wire is in contact with the thermite.

2. The apparatus for preparing ceramic bulk materials by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the top cover has covered the ceramic blank on the protrusion, and the constraint component has been coaxially fitted outside the top cover and connected to the base, the top of the top cover is higher than the top of the constraint component.

3. The apparatus for preparing ceramic bulk materials by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The detonation-driven flying plate device also includes a bracket with a central through hole. The edge of the flying plate is bonded to the central through hole on the bracket, and explosives are placed on the flying plate.

4. The apparatus for preparing ceramic bulk materials by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering according to claim 3, characterized in that: The detonation-driven flying plate device also includes multiple support columns disposed between the bracket and the constraint component.

5. The apparatus for preparing ceramic bulk materials by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both the bracket and the constraint component are provided with positioning holes for fixing the support column.

6. The apparatus for preparing ceramic bulk materials by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Multiple through holes are provided on the side of the top cover as venting holes.

7. The apparatus for preparing ceramic bulk materials by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The base has multiple connecting through holes at the part that mates with the constraint component, and the bottom of the constraint component has threaded holes corresponding to the connecting through holes on the base.

8. The apparatus for preparing ceramic bulk materials by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also includes an ignition delay detonation device, which is used to control the ignition time of the self-propagating reaction of the ceramic block, control the detonation time of the explosive, and control the time interval between ignition and detonation.

9. The apparatus for preparing ceramic bulk materials by self-propagating thermal explosion sintering according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ignition delay detonation device includes a delay controller and an ignition device and a detonation controller, which are electrically connected to the delay controller respectively. The ignition device is used to control the ignition of the self-propagating reaction of the ceramic block. After the ignition device completes ignition, the delay controller delays for a set time and sends a detonation signal to the detonation controller. The detonation controller controls the detonation of the explosive according to the received detonation signal.

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