Radio frequency channel and common-caliber antenna

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of microwave radio frequency, and particularly discloses a radio frequency channel and a common-caliber antenna. According to the invention, the box cavity extends out of the plane where the output end of the cavity filter is located, the box cavity is used as the installation space of the low-noise amplification radio frequency board, and the low-noise amplification radio frequency board is arranged in the installation space, so that the integrated design of the cavity filter and the low-noise amplification radio frequency board is realized, and the size and noise coefficient of a radio frequency channel are reduced. And the out-of-band rejection of the radio frequency channel is improved. Meanwhile, due to the high suppression degree of the cavity filter, the low-noise amplification radio frequency board only needs to be provided with a first-stage dielectric filter, and the phase consistency of the radio frequency channel is improved. The contradiction between the size of a common-caliber antenna and the signal-to-noise ratio and the anti-interference performance is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of microwave radio frequency technology, and more specifically, relates to a radio frequency channel and a common aperture antenna. Background Technology

[0002] A common-aperture antenna is an integrated antenna that combines multiple transceiver antenna elements, including those for satellite navigation, security control, and telemetry. Its high degree of integration has led to its widespread application. The low noise figure, high out-of-band rejection, and high phase consistency of the RF channel in an active receiving antenna are crucial indicators affecting the communication performance of a common-aperture antenna.

[0003] To optimize the noise figure, out-of-band rejection, and phase consistency of the receiving antenna RF channel in a common-aperture antenna, a cavity filter is typically placed between the RF channel and the antenna, or a high-suppression dielectric filter is placed at the front end of the RF channel RF link, and a multi-stage surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter is placed in the RF link. The former restricts the layout of modules in the common-aperture antenna due to the large size of the cavity filter; the latter increases the noise figure of the RF channel and reduces its phase consistency, thereby reducing the signal-to-noise ratio and interference immunity of the common-aperture antenna. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a radio frequency channel and a common aperture antenna, which aims to solve the contradiction between the size, signal-to-noise ratio and anti-interference performance of the common aperture antenna.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, this application provides a radio frequency channel for use in a common-aperture antenna, comprising:

[0006] The cavity filter, low-noise amplifier RF board, and multiple RF connectors are included. The low-noise amplifier RF board is fixedly installed in the installation space. The multiple RF connectors are respectively installed at the signal input end of the cavity filter, the signal output end of the cavity filter, and the signal output end of the RF channel. The surface where the output end of the cavity filter is located extends out of the cavity as the installation space.

[0007] The RF channel provided in this application extends a cavity from the output end of the cavity filter, using this cavity as the mounting space for a low-noise amplifier RF board. By placing the low-noise amplifier RF board within this mounting space, an integrated design of the cavity filter and the low-noise amplifier RF board is achieved, reducing the size and noise figure of the RF channel and improving its out-of-band rejection. Furthermore, due to the high rejection ratio of the cavity filter, the low-noise amplifier RF board only requires a single-stage dielectric filter, improving the phase consistency of the RF channel. This effectively resolves the conflict between the size of a common-aperture antenna and its signal-to-noise ratio and anti-interference performance.

[0008] In some embodiments, the low-noise amplifier RF board includes:

[0009] Radio frequency printed circuit boards, dielectric filters, and low-noise amplifiers, the low-noise amplifiers including a first-stage low-noise amplifier and a second-stage low-noise amplifier;

[0010] Radio frequency printed circuit boards are used to house dielectric filters and low-noise amplifiers;

[0011] The first-stage low-noise amplifier is connected to the cavity filter and is used to filter and amplify the first radio frequency signal output by the cavity filter to obtain the second radio frequency signal.

[0012] A dielectric filter, connected to the first-stage low-noise amplifier, is used to filter the second radio frequency signal to obtain the third radio frequency signal;

[0013] The second-stage low-noise amplifier, connected to the dielectric filter, is used to filter and amplify the third RF signal with low noise to obtain the output RF signal.

[0014] In some embodiments, the radio frequency printed circuit board is a multilayer board.

[0015] In some embodiments, the dielectric filter is made of ceramic.

[0016] In some embodiments, the low-noise amplifier is a gallium arsenide microwave amplifier or a gallium nitride microwave amplifier.

[0017] The radio frequency channel provided in this application reduces the distortion of the common aperture antenna output signal through the high linearity of the low noise amplifier.

[0018] In some embodiments, the operating frequency bands of the cavity filter and the dielectric filter are determined by the operating frequency band of the common aperture antenna.

[0019] The RF channel provided in this application employs a cavity filter and a dielectric filter with high phase consistency, thereby improving the phase consistency of the RF channel.

[0020] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0021] Cavity cover plate, used to seal the box cavity.

[0022] The radio frequency channel provided in this application forms a closed space by setting a cavity cover plate to seal the cavity, thereby reducing external interference to the low-noise amplifier radio frequency board and the interference of the low-noise amplifier radio frequency board to the outside world.

[0023] In some embodiments, the cavity filter is a bandpass metal cavity filter.

[0024] The radio frequency channel provided in this application utilizes the high out-of-band rejection and high power tolerance characteristics of the cavity filter to filter out interference signals received by the common aperture antenna to the greatest extent, ensuring that the low noise amplifier can operate in the linear amplification region.

[0025] In a second aspect, this application provides a common aperture antenna, including a radio frequency channel as described in the first aspect or any of the embodiments of the first aspect.

[0026] Overall, the technical solutions conceived in this application have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0027] The RF channel and common-aperture antenna provided in this application extend a cavity from the output end of the cavity filter, using this cavity as the mounting space for a low-noise amplifier RF board. By placing the low-noise amplifier RF board within this mounting space, an integrated design of the cavity filter and the low-noise amplifier RF board is achieved, reducing the size and noise figure of the RF channel and improving its out-of-band rejection. Furthermore, due to the high rejection ratio of the cavity filter, the low-noise amplifier RF board only requires a single-stage dielectric filter, improving the phase consistency of the RF channel. This effectively resolves the contradiction between the size of the common-aperture antenna and its signal-to-noise ratio and anti-interference performance. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the radio frequency channel provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the radio frequency channel provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the low-noise amplifier radio frequency board provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the radio frequency channel provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0032] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same elements or structures, wherein:

[0033] 1 is the cavity filter; 2 is the low-noise amplifier RF board; 3 is the cavity cover plate; 4 is the RF connector; 5 is the RF printed circuit board; 6 is the dielectric filter; 7 is the low-noise amplifier. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0035] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of the terms "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0036] The embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Please see Figure 1 This application provides an RF channel, including a cavity filter 1, a low-noise amplification RF board 2, and multiple RF connectors 4. The low-noise amplification RF board 2 is fixedly installed in the installation space, and the multiple RF connectors 4 are respectively installed at the signal input end of the cavity filter, the signal output end of the cavity filter, and the signal output end of the RF channel. The surface where the output end of the cavity filter 1 is located extends out of the cavity as the installation space.

[0038] Please see further. Figure 2 The radio frequency channel may include a cavity filter 1, a low-noise amplification radio frequency board 2, and multiple radio frequency connectors 4.

[0039] The low-noise amplification RF board 2 is fixed inside the cavity filter 1 with conductive adhesive and screws, and multiple RF connectors 4 are respectively disposed at the signal input end of the cavity filter 1 (e.g., Figure 2 The IN terminal of the cavity filter 1 and the signal output terminal of the RF channel (such as the IN terminal of the cavity filter 1) are connected to the signal output terminal of the RF channel. Figure 2 (OUT terminal in the middle).

[0040] Preferably, the cavity filter 1 can be a cuboid with a length, width and height of 47cm, 37cm and 28cm respectively.

[0041] Preferably, the cavity filter 1 adopts a conformal design, which specifically refers to extending a cavity from the output end of the cavity filter 1 as the mounting space for the low-noise amplification RF board 2; the low-noise amplification RF board 2 is fixed in the cavity extending from the cavity filter 1 by conductive adhesive and screws, and the size and shape of the low-noise amplification RF board 2 are designed according to the size and shape of the cavity.

[0042] In this embodiment, the cavity filter 1 can be used to filter the input radio frequency signal and reduce the interference of interference signals on the radio frequency channel.

[0043] The low-noise amplification RF board 2 can be used to filter and amplify the RF signal (i.e. the first RF signal) output by the cavity filter 1 with low noise.

[0044] The common-aperture antenna provided in this application extends a cavity from the output end of the cavity filter, using this cavity as a mounting space for a low-noise amplifier RF board. By placing the low-noise amplifier RF board within this mounting space, an integrated design of the cavity filter and the low-noise amplifier RF board is achieved, reducing the size and noise figure of the RF channel and improving its out-of-band rejection. Simultaneously, due to the high rejection ratio of the cavity filter, the low-noise amplifier RF board only requires a single-stage dielectric filter, improving the phase consistency of the RF channel. This effectively resolves the contradiction between the size of the common-aperture antenna and its signal-to-noise ratio and anti-interference performance.

[0045] Furthermore, in some embodiments, it also includes:

[0046] Cavity cover plate 3 is used to seal the box cavity.

[0047] In this embodiment of the application, the radio frequency channel also includes a cavity cover plate 3 for sealing the cavity extending from the output surface of the cavity filter 1.

[0048] The radio frequency channel provided in this application embodiment, by setting a cavity cover plate to seal the cavity and form a closed space, reduces external interference to the low noise amplifier radio frequency board and the interference of the low noise amplifier radio frequency board to the outside world.

[0049] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the low-noise amplification RF board 2 includes:

[0050] Radio frequency printed circuit boards, dielectric filters, and low-noise amplifiers, the low-noise amplifiers including a first-stage low-noise amplifier and a second-stage low-noise amplifier;

[0051] Radio frequency printed circuit boards are used to house dielectric filters and low-noise amplifiers;

[0052] The first-stage low-noise amplifier is connected to the cavity filter and is used to filter and amplify the first radio frequency signal output by the cavity filter to obtain the second radio frequency signal.

[0053] A dielectric filter, connected to the first-stage low-noise amplifier, is used to filter the second radio frequency signal to obtain the third radio frequency signal;

[0054] The second-stage low-noise amplifier, connected to the dielectric filter, is used to filter and amplify the third RF signal with low noise to obtain the output RF signal.

[0055] Please see further. Figure 3 The aforementioned low-noise amplifier RF board 2 consists of an RF printed circuit board 5, a dielectric filter 6, and a low-noise amplifier 7. The low-noise amplifier 7 includes a first-stage low-noise amplifier and a second-stage low-noise amplifier. It should be noted that the aforementioned low-noise amplifier RF board 2 also includes peripheral circuitry, a phase modulation stub, and a π-type attenuation network.

[0056] In this embodiment of the application, the radio frequency printed circuit board 5 can be used to place electronic components (e.g., including... Figure 4 The components shown include the dielectric filter 6, low-noise amplifier 7, peripheral circuits, phase modulation stubs, and electronic components corresponding to the π-type attenuation network, as well as the transmission of radio frequency signals.

[0057] Please see further. Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the radio frequency channel provided in the embodiment of this application includes a cavity filter 1, a low-noise amplifier radio frequency board 2, a cavity cover plate 3, and a radio frequency connector 4. The low-noise amplifier radio frequency board 2 adopts a circuit design of a first-stage low-noise amplifier, a phase modulation stub, a π-type attenuation network, a dielectric filter, a second-stage low-noise amplifier, a phase modulation stub, a π-type attenuation network, and peripheral circuits.

[0058] In this embodiment of the application, cavity filter 1 can be used to filter the input radio frequency signal at the RFIN terminal to obtain a first radio frequency signal.

[0059] The aforementioned first-stage noise amplifier is connected to cavity filter 1 through capacitor C2. It can be used to filter and amplify the radio frequency signal (i.e., the first radio frequency signal) output by cavity filter 1 to obtain the second radio frequency signal.

[0060] The dielectric filter 6 can be used to filter the radio frequency signal (i.e., the second radio frequency signal) output by the first-stage low-noise amplifier to obtain the third radio frequency signal.

[0061] The second-stage low-noise amplifier is connected to the dielectric filter 6 and performs filtering and low-noise amplification on the third RF signal to obtain the output RF signal. The output RF signal is output from the RFOUT terminal. Specifically, the RF signal output by the second-stage low-noise amplifier is processed by the phase modulation stub and the π-type attenuation network to obtain the output RF signal, which is then output from the RFOUT terminal.

[0062] The peripheral circuitry can be used to match the first-stage and second-stage low-noise amplifiers, as well as to filter the power supply circuit. The peripheral circuitry mainly consists of capacitors, inductors, and resistors, specifically as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0063] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the radio frequency printed circuit board 5 is a multilayer board.

[0064] In this embodiment, the radio frequency printed circuit board 5 is a multilayer board.

[0065] Preferably, the aforementioned radio frequency printed circuit board 5 is a multilayer board, such as a four-layer board or a six-layer board. Taking a four-layer board as an example, the dielectric constant of the top layer material is 3.5±0.05, the thickness is 0.254mm, and the microstrip line width is 0.55mm.

[0066] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the dielectric filter 6 is made of ceramic.

[0067] In this embodiment, the dielectric filter 6 is made of ceramic material.

[0068] Preferably, the dielectric filter 6 described above is a small-sized ceramic dielectric filter with high phase consistency.

[0069] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the low-noise amplifier 7 is a gallium arsenide microwave amplifier or a gallium nitride microwave amplifier.

[0070] In this embodiment, the low-noise amplifier 7 is a gallium arsenide microwave amplifier or a gallium nitride microwave amplifier with low noise figure and high linearity.

[0071] Please continue reading Figure 3 For example, the RF printed circuit board 5 in this application is a four-layer board with a dielectric constant of 3.48, a top dielectric layer thickness of 0.254 mm, and an overall board thickness of 1 mm. The microstrip line width of the RF printed circuit board 5 is 0.55 mm, used to achieve a 50-ohm characteristic impedance.

[0072] The radio frequency channel provided in this application reduces the distortion of the common aperture antenna output signal through the high linearity of the low noise amplifier.

[0073] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the operating frequency bands of cavity filter 1 and dielectric filter 6 are determined by the operating frequency band of the common aperture antenna.

[0074] In this embodiment, the cavity filter 1 and dielectric filter 6 of the corresponding operating frequency band can be changed according to the operating frequency band of the common aperture antenna.

[0075] For example, the common aperture antenna operates in two frequency bands: the L-band and the S-band.

[0076] The radio frequency channel provided in this application embodiment uses a cavity filter and a dielectric filter with high phase consistency, which improves the phase consistency of the radio frequency channel.

[0077] Furthermore, in some embodiments, cavity filter 1 is a bandpass metal cavity filter.

[0078] In this embodiment, the cavity filter 1 is a bandpass metal cavity filter with low insertion loss, high power tolerance, high out-of-band rejection, and high phase consistency.

[0079] The low insertion loss characteristics of cavity filter 1 and the low noise figure characteristics of low noise amplifier 7 improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the common aperture antenna.

[0080] For example, the main electrical performance indicators of the radio frequency channel provided in the embodiments of this application include:

[0081] Frequency: Applicable to cavity filter 1 and dielectric filter 6;

[0082] Gain: ;

[0083] Passband gain ripple: ;

[0084] Gain consistency: ;

[0085] Noise figure: ;

[0086] Standing wave: ;

[0087] Output 1dB compression point: ;

[0088] Output the third-order intermodulation cutoff point: ;

[0089] Phase consistency: ;

[0090] Latency Consistency: ;

[0091] Out-of-band inhibition: .

[0092] The radio frequency channel provided in this application embodiment utilizes the high out-of-band rejection and high power tolerance characteristics of the cavity filter to filter out interference signals received by the common aperture antenna to the greatest extent, ensuring that the low noise amplifier can operate in the linear amplification region.

[0093] This application provides a common aperture antenna, including the radio frequency channel described in the above embodiments.

[0094] The common-aperture antenna provided in this application extends a cavity from the output end of the cavity filter, using this cavity as a mounting space for a low-noise amplifier RF board. By placing the low-noise amplifier RF board within this mounting space, an integrated design of the cavity filter and the low-noise amplifier RF board is achieved, reducing the size and noise figure of the RF channel and improving its out-of-band rejection. Simultaneously, due to the high rejection ratio of the cavity filter, the low-noise amplifier RF board only requires a single-stage dielectric filter, improving the phase consistency of the RF channel. This effectively resolves the contradiction between the size of the common-aperture antenna and its signal-to-noise ratio and anti-interference performance.

[0095] It should be understood that expressions such as “comprising” and “may include” used in this application indicate the existence of the disclosed functions, operations, or constituent elements, and do not limit one or more additional functions, operations, and constituent elements. In this application, terms such as “comprising” and / or “having” are to be interpreted as indicating a particular characteristic, number, operation, constituent element, component, or combination thereof, but not to exclude the existence or possibility of adding one or more other characteristics, numbers, operations, constituent elements, components, or combinations thereof.

[0096] Furthermore, in this application, the expression "and / or" includes any and all combinations of the associated listed words. For example, the expression "A and / or B" may include A, may include B, or may include both A and B.

[0097] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. "Fixed connection" refers to a connection where the relative positional relationship remains unchanged after connection. "Rotary connection" refers to a connection where the components can rotate relative to each other after connection. "Sliding connection" refers to a connection where the components can slide relative to each other after connection. The directional terms mentioned in the embodiments of this application, such as "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "left," and "right," are only for reference to the directions in the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are for better and clearer explanation and understanding of the embodiments of this application, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0098] Furthermore, the mathematical concepts mentioned in the embodiments of this application, such as symmetry, equality, parallelism, and perpendicularity, are limitations specific to the current technological level, rather than absolute and strict mathematical definitions. Slight deviations are permissible; approximations of symmetry, equality, parallelism, and perpendicularity are all acceptable. For example, "A and B are parallel" means that A and B are parallel or approximately parallel, and the angle between A and B can be between 0 and 10 degrees. "A and B are perpendicular" means that A and B are perpendicular or approximately perpendicular, and the angle between A and B can be between 80 and 100 degrees.

[0099] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A radio frequency channel, characterized in that, Applications include common aperture antennas, including: The device includes a cavity filter, a low-noise amplification RF board, and multiple RF connectors. The low-noise amplification RF board is fixedly installed in the mounting space. The multiple RF connectors are respectively installed at the signal input end of the cavity filter, the signal output end of the cavity filter, and the signal output end of the RF channel. The surface where the output end of the cavity filter is located extends out of the cavity to serve as the mounting space.

2. The radio frequency channel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The low-noise amplification radio frequency board includes: Radio frequency printed circuit board, dielectric filter and low noise amplifier, wherein the low noise amplifier includes a first-stage low noise amplifier and a second-stage low noise amplifier; The radio frequency printed circuit board is used to house the dielectric filter and the low-noise amplifier; The first-stage low-noise amplifier is connected to the cavity filter and is used to filter and amplify the first radio frequency signal output by the cavity filter to obtain the second radio frequency signal. The dielectric filter is connected to the first-stage low-noise amplifier and is used to filter the second radio frequency signal to obtain the third radio frequency signal. The second-stage low-noise amplifier is connected to the dielectric filter and is used to filter and amplify the third radio frequency signal with low noise to obtain the output radio frequency signal.

3. The radio frequency channel as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The radio frequency printed circuit board is a multilayer board.

4. The radio frequency channel as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The dielectric filter is made of ceramic.

5. The radio frequency channel as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The low-noise amplifier is a gallium arsenide microwave amplifier or a gallium nitride microwave amplifier.

6. The radio frequency channel as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The operating frequency bands of the cavity filter and the dielectric filter are determined by the operating frequency band of the common aperture antenna.

7. The radio frequency channel as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Also includes: A cavity cover plate is used to close the cavity.

8. The radio frequency channel as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The cavity filter is a bandpass metal cavity filter.

9. A common-aperture antenna, characterized in that, Includes the radio frequency channel as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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