Flash preheating equipment
By designing multi-stage flash chambers and steam chambers, multiple heat exchanges between laterite nickel ore slurry and steam are achieved, solving the problem of insufficient heat utilization in existing technologies and improving energy efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423233925.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-05
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-26
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, the combined heat exchange system of flash tank and preheater in laterite nickel ore leaching has the problem of insufficient heat utilization, resulting in energy waste.
The design employs a multi-stage flash chamber and a steam chamber, where the slurry and steam exchange heat in stages within the tubular cavity and steam chamber formed by the inner and outer cylinders, respectively, utilizing the temperature gradient of the steam for multiple heat exchanges.
This achieves full utilization of steam heat, improves energy efficiency, reduces energy waste, and enhances heat utilization rate.
Smart Images
Figure CN223628105U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to mineral aggregate preheating technical field especially relates to a flash preheating equipment. BACKGROUND
[0002] The laterite nickel ore is a loose clay-like multi-mineral aggregate formed by long-term weathering, leaching, impregnation and alteration of nickel-bearing olivine-based rock in tropical or subtropical regions, accompanied by metal components such as nickel, cobalt, chromium, magnesium and aluminum. At present, the hydrometallurgical route of sulfuric acid leaching under high temperature and high pressure is one of the mainstream smelting processes of the laterite nickel ore, and the leached ore slurry must be cooled and depressurized before entering the next solid-liquid separation process. The flash tank is the main equipment for cooling and depressurizing, and a large amount of high-temperature steam will be generated after flashing. Currently, the three-stage flashing is generally used in the hydrometallurgical route of the laterite nickel ore, which will generate three different temperature vapors.
[0003] The prior art provides a laterite nickel ore leaching flash tank and preheater combined heat exchange system, which comprises a high-pressure reaction kettle, a preheating tower and a flash tank. The preheating tower is connected to the feed inlet of the high-pressure reaction kettle. The flash tank is connected to the discharge outlet of the high-pressure reaction kettle, and the flash tank is also connected to the preheating tower through a vapor pipe. Each stage of the flash tank is correspondingly provided with one stage of the preheating tower to preheat the mineral aggregate step by step.
[0004] However, the above prior art has the following problems: the vapors generated by the first-stage flashing and the second-stage flashing have high temperatures, and after being transported to the preheating tower to complete the preheating of the same stage preheating tower, a large amount of heat is still retained. If it is directly discharged, it will cause energy waste. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS
[0005] The utility model aims at providing a flash preheating equipment, which solves the technical problem of low heat utilization rate in the existing ore slurry preheating technology.
[0006] To achieve this purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
[0007] A flash preheating equipment, comprising:
[0008] A flash unit, which is formed with multiple-stage flash chambers, and the multiple-stage flash chambers are connected step by step;
[0009] A preheating unit, which comprises an inner cylinder and a shell assembly, the inner cylinder is formed with a lumen for transporting ore slurry, the shell assembly is arranged outside the inner cylinder, multiple-stage vapor chambers are formed between the shell assembly and the inner cylinder, each vapor chamber is distributed step by step and communicated in sequence along the reverse direction of the ore slurry transportation direction, and each flash chamber corresponds to and is connected with each vapor chamber.
[0010] Optionally, the shell assembly comprises an outer sleeve and a plurality of partitions, the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the inner cylinder and spaced from the inner cylinder to form an interlayer region therebetween, each of the partitions is arranged in the interlayer region along the extension direction of the inner cylinder to divide the interlayer region into each of the vapor chambers.
[0011] Optionally, an even-heating tube is arranged in the lumen between adjacent partitions, and the inlet and outlet of the even-heating tube are connected to the vapor chambers between adjacent partitions.
[0012] Optionally, the partitions are provided with communication holes for communicating adjacent vapor chambers.
[0013] Optionally, the outer surface of the outer sleeve is coated with a heat insulation layer.
[0014] Optionally, adjacent vapor chambers are communicated through a one-way valve, and the one-way valve allows the flow of steam in the opposite direction of the ore pulp conveying.
[0015] Optionally, the inner cylinder is arranged obliquely, the lower end of the inner cylinder is provided with a feeding port, and the higher end of the inner cylinder is provided with a discharging port.
[0016] Optionally, the flash chamber and the vapor chamber are each provided with three levels.
[0017] Optionally, the flash chamber has a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet and an exhaust port, the liquid inlet is used for guiding the liquid to be flashed, the liquid outlet is used for discharging the liquid after flashing, and the exhaust port is used for discharging the steam formed by flashing, and the exhaust port is communicated with the vapor chamber.
[0018] Optionally, the flash unit comprises a plurality of flash tanks corresponding to the flash chambers one by one, each of the flash tanks forms the corresponding flash chamber therein, and each of the flash tanks is connected in sequence.
[0019] Advantages:
[0020] The flash preheating equipment provided by the utility model is connected in sequence to form multi-stage flash, and the initial stage flash chamber is supplied with the liquid to be flashed, the liquid to be flashed flows through each stage flash chamber in sequence, and each stage flash chamber can produce steam with gradually reduced temperature; the inner cylinder is provided with a lumen, the lumen is used for passing the ore pulp, the shell assembly is arranged outside the inner cylinder, a multi-stage steam chamber is formed between the shell assembly and the inner cylinder, each steam chamber is distributed in the reverse direction of the ore pulp conveying direction and is connected in sequence, and each stage flash chamber is connected with each stage steam chamber one by one. When the ore pulp is supplied into the inner cylinder and flows in the conveying direction, the steam produced by each stage flash flows into the same stage steam chamber, and the lumen on the inner side of the stage steam chamber is preheated. Since the temperature of the steam produced by each stage flash is gradually reduced, the steam with higher temperature flows into the adjacent steam chamber with lower temperature after heat exchange with the ore pulp in the lumen, mixes with the steam with lower temperature in the adjacent steam chamber and continues to exchange heat with the ore pulp, and the steam with higher temperature is repeatedly exchanged in the ore pulp flowing direction, so that the heat is fully utilized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0021] Figure 1 is the structure schematic view of the flash preheating equipment without the heat pipe provided by the utility model embodiment;
[0022] Figure 2 is the structure schematic view of the flash preheating equipment with the heat pipe provided by the utility model embodiment.
[0023] In the drawing:
[0024] 100, flash unit; 101, first flash chamber; 102, second flash chamber; 103, third flash chamber; 104, liquid inlet; 105, liquid outlet; 106, exhaust port;
[0025] 200, preheating unit;
[0026] 210, inner cylinder; 211, lumen;
[0027] 221, outer sleeve; 222, partition; 223, communication hole;
[0028] 230, interlayer region; 231, first steam chamber; 232, second steam chamber; 233, third steam chamber;
[0029] 241, first heat pipe; 242, second heat pipe; 243, third heat pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] The technical scheme of the utility model will be further illustrated by the specific embodiments and the drawings.
[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0032] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0033] It should be noted that: similar reference numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.
[0034] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly placed when the product of the present application is used, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are only used for differentiation in description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.
[0035] In the description of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "provided", "connected" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0036] In the present utility model, unless otherwise expressly provided and limited, the "upper" or "lower" of the first feature to the second feature can include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or can include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, the "upper", "upper side" and "upper surface" of the first feature to the second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The "lower", "lower side" and "lower surface" of the first feature to the second feature include that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.
[0037] In the description of the present utility model, the term "and / or" only describes the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can mean that A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in the present utility model generally represents that the front and rear associated objects are in an "or" relationship.
[0038] The embodiments of the present utility model are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present utility model, and cannot be understood as a limitation on the present utility model.
[0039] As shown in the figure, the present embodiment provides a flash preheating equipment. Figure 1
[0040] The flash preheating equipment comprises a flash unit 100 and a preheating unit 200. The flash unit 100 is formed with a plurality of stages of flash chambers which are connected in stages. The plurality of stages of flash chambers form a plurality of stages of flash, and a liquid to be flashed is introduced into the flash chamber of the initial stage, and the liquid to be flashed flows through each stage of flash chambers in turn, and each stage of flash chambers can respectively produce steam with gradually reduced temperature.
[0041] The preheating unit 200 comprises an inner cylinder 210 and an outer shell assembly. The inner cylinder 210 is formed with a lumen 211 for conveying ore pulp, and the outer shell assembly is arranged outside the inner cylinder 210, and a plurality of stages of steam chambers are formed between the outer shell assembly and the inner cylinder 210, and each stage of steam chambers is distributed in the reverse direction of the ore pulp conveying direction and sequentially communicated, and each stage of flash chambers and each stage of steam chambers are one-to-one corresponding and connected.
[0042] The flash preheating device provided by the embodiment is used for preheating the tube cavity 211 on the inner side of the steam chamber of each stage. The temperature of the steam generated by each stage of flash decreases gradually, and the steam with a higher temperature flows to the adjacent steam chamber with a lower temperature after heat exchange with the slurry in the tube cavity 211, mixes with the steam with a lower temperature in the adjacent steam chamber, and continues to exchange heat with the slurry. In this way, the steam with a higher temperature is repeatedly exchanged in the direction of slurry flow, and the heat of the steam is fully utilized.
[0043] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 illustrated, optionally, the flash chamber and the steam chamber are each provided with three stages. The three-stage arrangement can realize gradual flash and gradual preheating, so that the heat of the steam is fully utilized, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the waste of energy is reduced. The flash chamber and the steam chamber are each provided with three stages, which can meet the requirements of gradual flash and gradual preheating, and will not cause the structure of the device to be too complex, so that a good balance between performance and cost is achieved.
[0044] As shown in Figure 1 illustrated, optionally, the flash chamber has a liquid inlet 104, a liquid outlet 105, and an exhaust port 106. The liquid inlet 104 is used for guiding the liquid to be flashed in, the liquid outlet 105 is used for discharging the liquid after flash, and the exhaust port 106 is used for discharging the steam formed by flash. The exhaust port 106 is communicated with the steam chamber. The exhaust port 106 is communicated with the steam chamber, so that the steam generated by flash can smoothly enter the steam chamber for heat exchange, and the effective transmission and utilization of energy are realized. The liquid outlet 105 of the upper-stage flash chamber is connected with the liquid outlet of the lower-stage flash chamber, and the liquid is gradually transported.
[0045] As shown in Figure 1 illustrated, specifically, the three-stage flash chamber includes a first flash chamber 101, a second flash chamber 102, and a third flash chamber 103. The first flash chamber 101, the second flash chamber 102, and the third flash chamber 103 are connected in sequence. The liquid inlet 104 of the first flash chamber 101 is communicated with the high-pressure reaction kettle. The slurry extracted from the high-pressure reaction kettle passes through the first flash chamber 101, the second flash chamber 102, and the third flash chamber 103 in sequence, and then enters the next processing procedure after being output from the third flash chamber 103. The first flash chamber 101, the second flash chamber 102, and the third flash chamber 103 can gradually release the pressure of the slurry extracted from the high-pressure reaction kettle, so that the pressure of a single flash chamber is not too large, which is beneficial to protect each flash chamber and thus protect the flash unit 100.
[0046] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in the embodiment, the three vapor chambers are respectively a first vapor chamber 231, a second vapor chamber 232 and a third vapor chamber 233. The first vapor chamber 231, the second vapor chamber 232 and the third vapor chamber 233 are arranged in the reverse direction of the pulp transportation direction and sequentially communicated, i.e. the third vapor chamber 233, the second vapor chamber 232 and the first vapor chamber 231 are arranged in the pulp transportation direction. The first vapor chamber 231 is communicated with the exhaust port 106 of the first flash chamber 101, the second vapor chamber 232 is communicated with the exhaust port 106 of the second flash chamber 102, and the third vapor chamber 233 is communicated with the exhaust port 106 of the third flash chamber 103.
[0047] In actual production, the temperature of the first vapor discharged from the first flash chamber 101 is about 200℃, the temperature of the second vapor discharged from the second flash chamber 102 is about 150℃, and the temperature of the third vapor discharged from the third flash chamber 103 is about 110℃. The third vapor discharged from the third flash chamber 103 is introduced into the third vapor chamber 233 and exchanges heat with the pulp, the third vapor completing heat exchange is discharged, and the pulp flows to the region corresponding to the second vapor chamber 232. The second vapor discharged from the second flash chamber 102 is introduced into the second vapor chamber 232 and exchanges heat with the pulp, the second vapor completing heat exchange enters the third vapor chamber 233 to continue heat exchange. The pulp completing heat exchange is further heated and flows to the region corresponding to the first vapor chamber 231, the first vapor discharged from the first flash chamber 101 is introduced into the first vapor chamber 231 and exchanges heat with the pulp, the second vapor completing heat exchange enters the second vapor chamber 232 to continue heat exchange, and the pulp completes three times of heat exchange, the temperature is gradually increased and the pulp is sent into the high-pressure reactor. The first vapor with the highest temperature exchanges heat with the pulp for three times, the second vapor with the second highest temperature exchanges heat with the pulp for two times, the heat of the vapor is fully utilized, and the heat utilization rate is improved.
[0048] It can be understood that the number of flash chambers is not limited, for example, it can also be two, four or more than four, and the number of flash chambers can be determined according to actual pressure release requirements, which is not limited here. Similarly, the number of vapor chambers corresponds to the number of flash chambers, which can be two, four or more than four, and the number of vapor chambers can be determined according to actual preheating requirements, which is not limited here.
[0049] As shown in FIG. 1, the flash chamber 100 is provided with a first flash chamber 101, a second flash chamber 102 and a third flash chamber 103. The first flash chamber 101, the second flash chamber 102 and the third flash chamber 103 are arranged in the reverse direction of the pulp transportation direction and sequentially communicated, i.e. the third flash chamber 103, the second flash chamber 102 and the first flash chamber 101 are arranged in the pulp transportation direction. The first flash chamber 101 is communicated with the exhaust port 106 of the first flash chamber 101, the second flash chamber 102 is communicated with the exhaust port 106 of the second flash chamber 102, and the third flash chamber 103 is communicated with the exhaust port 106 of the third flash chamber 103. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the shell assembly comprises an outer sleeve 221 and a plurality of partitions 222, the outer sleeve 221 is sleeved outside the inner cylinder 210 and spaced from the inner cylinder 210 to form an interlayer region 230 therebetween, and each partition 222 is arranged in the interlayer region 230 along the extension direction of the inner cylinder 210 to divide the interlayer region 230 into each vapor chamber. The interlayer region 230 formed by the outer sleeve 221 and the inner cylinder 210 provides sufficient space for the layout of the vapor chamber, ensuring sufficient flow and storage area for the vapor, which helps to achieve stable heat exchange. The arrangement of the plurality of partitions 222 divides the interlayer region 230 into different vapor chambers, so that the temperature and pressure of each vapor chamber can be relatively independently controlled, improving the accuracy and controllability of heat exchange. The outer sleeve 221, the partition 222 and the inner cylinder 210 together form a structure-integrated preheating unit 200, which is compact in structure, good in integration and space-saving.
[0050] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the partition 222 is an annular baffle, which divides the interlayer region 230 into each vapor chamber along the axial direction of the inner cylinder 210. Exemplarily, the partition 222 is provided with two, thereby dividing the clamping region to form a first vapor chamber 231, a second vapor chamber 232 and a third vapor chamber 233 connected in sequence.
[0051] In this embodiment, the cross sections of the outer sleeve 221 and the inner cylinder 210 are circular, the outer sleeve 221 is coaxially sleeved outside the inner cylinder 210, and a regular structure clamping region is formed between the two, which is convenient for controlling the characteristics of each vapor chamber.
[0052] As shown in Figure 2 Optionally, a heat pipe is arranged in the pipe cavity 211 between adjacent partitions 222, and the inlet and outlet of the heat pipe are connected to the vapor chambers between adjacent partitions 222. Since the mineral material is in the form of slurry, when it is in the inner cylinder 210, the mineral material located at the central position of the inner cylinder 210 receives less heat, and there may be a temperature difference between the mineral material close to the inner wall of the inner cylinder 210. By arranging a heat pipe in the pipe cavity 211 between adjacent partitions 222, the vapor in the vapor chamber also flows through the heat pipe, so that the heat can be transmitted to the pipe cavity 211 more quickly and directly, and the uniformity of the temperature of the mineral material can be improved, avoiding a large temperature difference between the inner layer and the outer layer of the mineral material.
[0053] As shown in Figure 2As shown, further, the heat pipe extends along the radial direction of the inner cylinder 210, passes through the central position of the inner cylinder 210, and has two ends as an inlet and an outlet, respectively, which extend to the outer sides of the two side walls of the inner cylinder 210 in the radial direction and are in communication with the vapor chambers. In this way, the problem of a large temperature difference between the inner layer and the outer layer of the ore material can be particularly improved.
[0054] As shown in FIG. 1, the preheating device comprises an outer sleeve 221, an inner cylinder 210, a plurality of vapor chambers 231, 232, 233, a plurality of heat pipes 241, 242, 243, and a partition 222. Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment, the first heat pipe 241 has two ends in communication with the first vapor chamber 231, the second heat pipe 242 has two ends in communication with the second vapor chamber 232, and the third heat pipe 243 has two ends in communication with the third vapor chamber 233. The vapor in the first vapor chamber 231, the vapor in the second vapor chamber 232, and the vapor in the third vapor chamber 233 also flow through the first heat pipe 241, the second heat pipe 242, and the third heat pipe 243, respectively, so as to improve the uniformity of the temperature of the ore material and avoid a large temperature difference between the inner layer and the outer layer of the ore material.
[0055] As shown in FIG. 1, the preheating device comprises an outer sleeve 221, an inner cylinder 210, a plurality of vapor chambers 231, 232, 233, a plurality of heat pipes 241, 242, 243, and a partition 222. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in FIG. 1, the preheating device comprises an outer sleeve 221, an inner cylinder 210, a plurality of vapor chambers 231, 232, 233, a plurality of heat pipes 241, 242, 243, and a partition 222.
[0056] Optionally, the adjacent vapor chambers are in communication through a one-way valve, which allows the vapor to flow in the opposite direction of the ore slurry conveying. In addition to using the basic rule that gas automatically expands from high temperature to low temperature, the flow direction of the vapor is further effectively controlled through the one-way valve, so as to avoid the flow direction of the vapor from being chaotic in a local area and to achieve more efficient heat exchange. The one-way valve is also helpful to maintain the pressure and temperature balance between the vapor chambers at different levels, reduce the system fluctuations caused by unstable vapor flow, and enhance the stability and reliability of the operation of the entire preheating device. In the embodiment, the one-way valve is arranged at the communication hole 223 on the partition 222.
[0057] Optionally, the outer sleeve 221 is coated with a heat insulation layer on the outer surface. The heat insulation layer effectively reduces the heat loss in the vapor chamber to the external environment, improves the utilization rate of heat, and reduces energy consumption. It helps to maintain the temperature of the steam in the vapor chamber, ensuring the stability and reliability of the preheating effect. Reducing the temperature of the outer surface of the outer sleeve 221 not only protects the structural stability of the equipment itself and prolongs its service life, but also avoids the adverse effects of high temperature on the surrounding environment and operating personnel, reducing the risk of high temperature on the outer surface of the equipment.
[0058] The heat insulation layer can be heat insulation cotton, which has excellent heat insulation performance and can effectively block the transfer of heat, reduce heat loss, and maintain internal temperature stability. Heat insulation cotton is light in weight and will not add excessive weight burden to the equipment, facilitating installation and transportation. Heat insulation cotton also has good fireproof performance, which can reduce the risk of fire and improve the safety of the equipment. In other embodiments, the heat insulation layer can also be a layer of asbestos fibers, a layer of glass fibers, etc.
[0059] In this embodiment, the inner cylinder 210 is made of heat-conducting material, which is conducive to transferring heat between the ore slurry and the steam. There are many choices of heat-conducting materials, such as copper alloy, aluminum alloy, etc., which have the advantages of high strength, good corrosion resistance, and low cost.
[0060] Optionally, the inner cylinder 210 is inclined, and the lower end of the inner cylinder 210 is provided with a feeding port, and the higher end of the inner cylinder 210 is provided with a discharging port. During operation, the ore enters the inner cylinder 210 from the lower end, gradually accumulates, and finally overflows from the higher end, effectively prolonging the time of the ore in the inner cylinder 210 for sufficient heat exchange, improving the quality and efficiency of preheating. Optionally, the angle between the inner cylinder 210 and the horizontal direction is 5° to 15°. Through the design of the precise inclination angle, the ore slurry can be preheated for a longer time, and the pumping pressure can be reduced.
[0061] Optionally, the flash evaporation unit 100 includes a plurality of flash tanks corresponding one-to-one to the flash evaporation chambers, each flash tank forming a corresponding flash evaporation chamber therein, and the flash tanks are connected in sequence. The flash evaporation unit 100 includes a plurality of flash tanks corresponding one-to-one to the flash evaporation chambers, which can be flexibly combined with different numbers or specifications of flash tanks according to actual needs to meet different flash preheating process requirements. Moreover, when a flash tank fails, it can be repaired or replaced individually without affecting the operation of the entire flash evaporation unit 100, reducing maintenance costs and downtime. In other embodiments, multiple flash evaporation chambers can also be separated in a flash tower as an alternative solution.
[0062] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present application are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present application, and are not intended to limit the implementation modes of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or variations can be made on the basis of the above description. Here, it is not necessary and also impossible to exhaust all the implementation modes. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application claims.
Claims
1. A flash preheating apparatus, characterized by, The application relates to a flash evaporation unit (100) and a preheating unit (200) for a flash evaporation unit (100). The preheating unit (200) comprises an inner cylinder (210) and a shell assembly, the inner cylinder (210) is internally formed with a lumen (211) for transporting ore pulp, the shell assembly is arranged outside the inner cylinder (210), and a plurality of vapor chambers are formed between the inner cylinder (210) and the shell assembly, the vapor chambers are arranged in the reverse direction of the ore pulp transportation direction and sequentially communicated, and each flash evaporation chamber corresponds to and is connected with each vapor chamber. The shell assembly comprises an outer sleeve (221) and a plurality of partition pieces (222), the outer sleeve (221) is arranged outside the inner cylinder (210) and spaced from the inner cylinder (210) to form a sandwich region (230) therebetween, and the partition pieces (222) are arranged in the sandwich region (230) along the extension direction of the inner cylinder (210) to divide the sandwich region (230) into the vapor chambers.
2. The flash preheating apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, A heat pipe is arranged in the lumen (211) between adjacent partition pieces (222), and the inlet and outlet of the heat pipe are connected with the vapor chambers between the adjacent partition pieces (222).
3. The flash preheating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein The partition pieces (222) are provided with communication holes (223) for communicating adjacent vapor chambers.
4. The flash preheating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein The outer surface of the outer sleeve (221) is coated with a heat insulation layer.
5. The flash preheating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein Adjacent vapor chambers are communicated through one-way valves, and the one-way valves allow the vapor to flow in the reverse direction of the ore pulp transportation.
6. The flash preheating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The inner cylinder (210) is arranged in an inclined manner, one end of the inner cylinder (210) is provided with an ore inlet, and the other end of the inner cylinder (210) is provided with an ore outlet.
7. The flash preheating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The flash evaporation chamber and the vapor chamber each have three levels.
8. The flash preheating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The flash evaporation chamber has a liquid inlet (104) for guiding the liquid to be flashed, a liquid outlet (105) for discharging the liquid after flash evaporation, and a gas outlet (106) for discharging the vapor formed by flash evaporation, and the gas outlet (106) is communicated with the vapor chamber.
9. The flash preheating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The flash evaporation unit (100) comprises a plurality of flash tanks corresponding to the flash evaporation chambers, each flash tank is formed with the flash evaporation chamber corresponding thereto, and the flash tanks are sequentially connected.
10. The flash preheating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that,