Collaborative splicing type variable-parameter tunnel fire experiment device
By designing detachable and modular tunnel units and flexible smoke extraction methods, the limitations of existing devices in simulating complex tunnel fires have been overcome. This enables synergistic effects and parameter adjustments for different smoke extraction methods, providing an efficient means of experimental simulation and monitoring.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423087264.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-09
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing small-scale tunnel fire experimental devices are difficult to simulate fire conditions in complex tunnels, especially the synergistic effect between different smoke exhaust methods. Furthermore, the main structure and research parameters lack flexibility and are difficult to adjust as needed.
A collaborative splicing variable parameter tunnel fire experimental device was designed, including a main tunnel model and a bifurcation tunnel model arranged in a cross configuration. It is constructed by detachable and splicable tunnel units, which can freely adjust the smoke exhaust mode and bifurcation angle. Adjustable smoke exhaust ports and axial flow fans are used to simulate different smoke exhaust scenarios, and a gas temperature, concentration and wind speed monitoring system is integrated.
It enables the synergistic effect of different smoke exhaust methods and flexible adjustment of bifurcated tunnel parameters, and can simulate complex tunnel fire situations, providing a flexible and diverse experimental tool for tunnel fire safety research, supporting real-time monitoring and data recording.
Smart Images
Figure CN223651099U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel fire safety technology, and in particular to a collaborative splicing type variable parameter tunnel fire experimental device. Background Technology
[0002] In recent years, my country's tunnel engineering has achieved remarkable results driven by technological innovation and progress, greatly improving traffic efficiency. However, tunnel fires still occur frequently, becoming a focus of public attention.
[0003] Due to the narrow and relatively enclosed nature of tunnels, high-temperature toxic fumes rapidly spread during a fire. Insufficient oxygen supply, increased concentrations of toxic gases, and a sharp decline in visibility, coupled with the continuous damage caused by the high-temperature environment, make evacuation and rescue operations exceptionally difficult. Therefore, conducting in-depth research on tunnel fire safety issues through the construction of small-scale models, understanding the characteristics and patterns of fires, and developing more scientific and effective prevention and rescue measures has become an important and urgent task.
[0004] While full-scale and large-scale experiments offer advantages in precision, in practice, they require far more human, material, and spatial resources than small-scale experiments, making small-scale experiments more convenient and economical in scientific research. However, current small-scale tunnel experiments have certain limitations. Specifically, these experiments are usually conducted only within a single tunnel environment, making it difficult to simulate fire conditions in complex tunnels. Furthermore, the main structure and research parameters of the tunnel are often inflexible in small-scale experiments, making adjustments difficult as needed. More importantly, existing small-scale tunnel experiments primarily focus on longitudinal or transverse ventilation and smoke extraction, with relatively little research on the lateral smoke extraction mode widely used in underwater tunnels in recent years. The synergistic effects between different smoke extraction methods are also rarely studied. Therefore, establishing a flexible and adjustable, synergistically spliced, variable-parameter small-scale tunnel for studying the synergistic effects of multiple smoke extraction methods in complex tunnels is of significant practical importance. Utility Model Content
[0005] This invention proposes a collaborative splicing type variable parameter tunnel fire test device, which is a fire test device involving the synergistic effect of different smoke exhaust methods, the bifurcation angle of bifurcation tunnels and the parameters of smoke exhaust outlets that are flexible and varied. It can realize the free splicing of the main tunnel body, the synergistic effect of smoke exhaust methods and the free adjustment of the bifurcation angle of bifurcation tunnels and the parameters of smoke exhaust outlets in the experiment.
[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution.
[0007] A collaborative splicing variable parameter tunnel fire experimental device includes a main tunnel model (4) and a branch tunnel model (5) arranged in a cross configuration. The main tunnel model has a smoke exhaust channel (9) parallel to the internal passage of the main tunnel on its side wall. Both the main tunnel model and the branch tunnel model are assemblies composed of multiple detachable and splicable tunnel units assembled sequentially. Each tunnel unit of the main tunnel model has a smoke exhaust port with adjustable parameters on the side where it connects to the smoke exhaust channel. Axial flow fans are installed on the upstream side of the main tunnel and at both ends of the smoke exhaust channel. The starting combination of each axial flow fan is used to simulate different smoke exhaust mode scenarios and collaborative smoke exhaust mode scenarios required for the experiment.
[0008] Each tunnel unit has a rectangular cross section; the lower area inside the main tunnel model is a vehicle passage, and the main tunnel model and the bifurcation tunnel model are both supported on the ground by a support frame (6);
[0009] The bifurcation tunnel model and the main tunnel model are connected by a soft connection (22).
[0010] The top of the main tunnel model is arranged with multiple sets of K-type thermocouples in an orderly manner along the vehicle direction and the transverse direction of the smoke exhaust outlet. Downstream of the main tunnel model, multiple sets of thermocouple trees are installed in an orderly manner along the vehicle direction of the vehicle passage. Several gas concentration detectors and wind speed measurement probes are also installed. At the bottom of the tunnel, a fire source simulation device is provided.
[0011] The top of the main tunnel model is arranged with multiple K-type thermocouple measuring points (17) and multiple strings of thermocouple trees (11) in an orderly manner along the driving direction. Each string of thermocouple trees is arranged with multiple K-type thermocouple measuring points in an orderly manner. The main tunnel model is also arranged with multiple K-type thermocouple measuring points in an orderly manner along each smoke outlet direction.
[0012] In the thermocouple measuring points, each thermocouple has a range of 0-1000℃, a measurement accuracy of 0.01℃, a probe length of 100mm, and a tail wire length of 3m. The thermocouple is connected to an external Picolog TC-08 thermocouple data logger via an omega plug, and then connected to a computer via a USB adapter.
[0013] The fire source simulation device includes an oil tank (14) for simulating a fire source; the oil tank contains methanol for forming a flame and smoke cake for generating smoke; in the experiment, different oil tank sizes are selected to simulate different fire source powers, so as to simulate different scale tunnel fires in actual situations.
[0014] The axial flow fan is a variable frequency axial flow fan, including a supply fan (1) located on the upstream side of the main tunnel, and a first exhaust fan (7) and a second exhaust fan (10) located at both ends of the smoke exhaust channel; a diffuser (2) and a metal mesh flow stabilizer (3) are sequentially installed at the air outlet of the supply fan in the main tunnel; and multiple smoke exhaust outlets (8) are provided on the side wall of the smoke exhaust channel.
[0015] The smoke exhaust port includes a sliding track (19) and two glass plates (20) and (21) of 8mm thick transparent fireproof tempered glass. The parameters of the smoke exhaust port can be changed by pushing and pulling the two transparent tempered glass plates to open and close the smoke exhaust port, or by opening and closing different smoke exhaust ports to change the spacing and number of combinations between the smoke exhaust ports.
[0016] Each tunnel unit has a transparent fireproof glass door that can be opened outwards on the side of the non-smoke exhaust outlet.
[0017] Each rectangular tunnel unit of the main tunnel model and the bifurcation tunnel model is surrounded by 8mm thick transparent fireproof tempered glass panels on both sides and 10mm thick aluminum silicate fiber fireproof panels on the top and bottom sides. The main structure of the smoke exhaust channel is connected by 8mm thick transparent fireproof tempered glass panels.
[0018] The tunnel fire test device is equipped with several gas concentration detectors (12) and wind speed measuring probes (13) at each smoke exhaust outlet and inside the tunnel model. The signal output terminals of the gas concentration detectors and wind speed measuring probes are connected to the control recorder. Cross laser source (16) and high-speed capture camera (15) are placed at the tail and side of the main tunnel model.
[0019] This utility model is a fire test device that can involve the synergistic effect of different smoke exhaust methods, the bifurcation angle of bifurcated tunnels and the parameters of smoke exhaust outlets, and can achieve free splicing of the main tunnel body, synergistic effect of smoke exhaust methods and free adjustment of the bifurcation angle of bifurcated tunnels and the parameters of smoke exhaust outlets.
[0020] The advantages of this invention also lie in the following: This invention provides a collaborative splicing variable parameter tunnel fire experimental device. This device can adjust the parameters of the smoke exhaust port by pushing and pulling the glass baffle at the smoke exhaust port. It can achieve the synergistic effect of smoke exhaust methods by turning on and off different axial flow fans. Turning on the main tunnel ventilation fan can achieve longitudinal smoke exhaust and top centralized smoke exhaust. Turning on the smoke exhaust fan of the smoke exhaust duct can achieve lateral centralized smoke exhaust. Simultaneous operation can simulate longitudinal and lateral collaborative smoke exhaust. At the same time, this experimental device integrates a gas temperature detection system, a gas concentration detection system, a wind speed measurement system, and a fire source simulation system. It can monitor various indicators such as temperature, smoke, and wind speed in the tunnel in real time under different experimental conditions. This experimental device can also flexibly adjust the angle between the main tunnel and the branch tunnel through a soft connection.
[0021] The collaborative splicing variable parameter tunnel fire experimental device provided by this utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, and multiple functions. By changing the splicing method of tunnel units, adjusting the parameters of smoke exhaust outlets, starting and stopping different axial flow fans, and adjusting the angle of bifurcated tunnels, tunnel fire conditions under different conditions can be simulated, providing a powerful experimental tool for research in the field of tunnel fire safety. Attached Figure Description
[0022] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
[0023] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the experimental device of this utility model;
[0024] Appendix Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the smoke exhaust channel of the experimental device of this utility model;
[0025] Appendix Figure 3 This is a schematic front view cross-sectional view of the main tunnel of an example of the experimental device of this utility model;
[0026] Appendix Figure 4 This is a side view schematic diagram of an example of the experimental device of this utility model;
[0027] Appendix Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the main body of the experimental device and the bifurcated tunnel of this utility model;
[0028] Appendix Figure 6 This is a detailed schematic diagram of the exhaust port of the experimental device of this utility model;
[0029] In the diagram: 1-Air supply fan; 2-Diffuser; 3-Metal mesh flow stabilizer; 4-Main tunnel model; 5-Bifurcation tunnel model; 6-Support frame; 7-First exhaust fan; 8-Smoke exhaust port; 9-Smoke exhaust duct; 10-Second exhaust fan; 11-Thermocouple tree group; 12-Gas concentration detector; 13-Wind speed measurement probe; 14-Oil tank; 15-High-speed capture camera; 16-Cross laser source; 17-Vertical thermocouple group; 18-Horizontal thermocouple group; 19-Sliding track; 20-First smoke exhaust port glass plate; 21-Second smoke exhaust port glass plate; 22-Flexible connection. Detailed Implementation
[0030] To make the beneficial effects of this utility model clearer, the following will provide a more detailed description of the utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should also be understood that the specific embodiments described below are only for explaining this utility model and are not intended to limit all its implementations.
[0031] As shown in the figure, a collaborative splicing variable parameter tunnel fire experimental device is presented. The experimental device includes a main tunnel model 4 and a branch tunnel model 5 arranged in a cross configuration. The main tunnel model has a smoke exhaust channel 9 parallel to the internal passage of the main tunnel on its side wall. Both the main tunnel model and the branch tunnel model are assemblies composed of multiple detachable and splicable tunnel units assembled sequentially. Each tunnel unit of the main tunnel model has a smoke exhaust port with adjustable parameters on the side where it connects to the smoke exhaust channel. Axial flow fans are installed on the upstream side of the main tunnel and at both ends of the smoke exhaust channel. The starting combination of each axial flow fan is used to simulate different smoke exhaust mode scenarios and collaborative smoke exhaust mode scenarios required for the experiment.
[0032] Each tunnel unit has a rectangular cross-section; the lower area within the main tunnel model is a vehicle passage, and both the main tunnel model and the bifurcation tunnel model are supported on the ground by support frames 6;
[0033] The bifurcation tunnel model and the main tunnel model are connected by soft connection 22.
[0034] The top of the main tunnel model is arranged with multiple sets of K-type thermocouples in an orderly manner along the vehicle direction and the transverse direction of the smoke exhaust outlet. Downstream of the main tunnel model, multiple sets of thermocouple trees are installed in an orderly manner along the vehicle direction of the vehicle passage. Several gas concentration detectors and wind speed measurement probes are also installed. At the bottom of the tunnel, a fire source simulation device is provided.
[0035] The top of the main tunnel model is arranged with multiple K-type thermocouple measuring points 17 and multiple strings of thermocouple trees 11 in an orderly manner along the direction of traffic. Each string of thermocouple trees is arranged with multiple K-type thermocouple measuring points in an orderly manner. The main tunnel model is also arranged with multiple K-type thermocouple measuring points in an orderly manner along each smoke outlet direction.
[0036] In the thermocouple measuring points, each thermocouple has a range of 0-1000℃, a measurement accuracy of 0.01℃, a probe length of 100mm, and a tail wire length of 3m. The thermocouple is connected to an external Picolog TC-08 thermocouple data logger via an omega plug, and then connected to a computer via a USB adapter.
[0037] The fire source simulation device includes an oil tank 14 for simulating a fire source; the oil tank contains methanol for forming a flame and smoke cake for generating smoke; in the experiment, different oil tank sizes are selected to simulate different fire source powers, so as to simulate different scale tunnel fires in actual situations.
[0038] The axial flow fan is a variable frequency axial flow fan, including a supply fan 1 located on the upstream side of the main tunnel, and a first exhaust fan 7 and a second exhaust fan 10 located at both ends of the smoke exhaust channel; a diffuser 2 and a metal mesh flow stabilizer 3 are sequentially installed at the air outlet of the supply fan in the main tunnel; multiple smoke exhaust outlets 8 are provided on the side wall of the smoke exhaust channel.
[0039] The smoke exhaust port includes a sliding track 19 and two transparent fireproof tempered glass plates 20 and 21, each 8mm thick. The parameters of the smoke exhaust port can be changed by pushing and pulling the two transparent tempered glass plates left and right to open and close the smoke exhaust port, or by opening and closing different smoke exhaust ports to change the spacing and number of combinations between the smoke exhaust ports.
[0040] Each tunnel unit has a transparent fireproof glass door that can be opened outwards on the side of the non-smoke exhaust outlet.
[0041] Each rectangular tunnel unit of the main tunnel model and the bifurcation tunnel model is surrounded by 8mm thick transparent fireproof tempered glass panels on both sides and 10mm thick aluminum silicate fiber fireproof panels on the top and bottom sides. The main structure of the smoke exhaust channel is connected by 8mm thick transparent fireproof tempered glass panels.
[0042] The tunnel fire test device is equipped with several gas concentration detectors 12 and wind speed measuring probes 13 at each smoke exhaust outlet and inside the tunnel model. The signal output terminals of the gas concentration detectors and wind speed measuring probes are connected to the control recorder. Cross laser source 16 and high-speed capture camera 15 are placed at the tail and side of the main tunnel model.
[0043] Example 1:
[0044] A collaborative splicing variable parameter tunnel fire experimental device includes: a main tunnel model, a bifurcated tunnel model, a smoke exhaust channel, an axial flow fan, a flexible connection, a simulated fire source, a monitoring device, and a data acquisition system.
[0045] The main tunnel and branch tunnel models are composed of multiple detachable and splicable tunnel units assembled sequentially. Each tunnel unit has a rectangular cross-section, and adjacent tunnel units are connected by interlocking openings and then fixed with bolts.
[0046] The interior of the main body and bifurcated tunnel model is designed as a roadway. Each tunnel unit of the main tunnel is equipped with a 10cm*50cm smoke vent on the side connected to the smoke exhaust channel. The smoke vent consists of two pieces of transparent tempered glass and a moving track. The moving track is installed on the upper and lower boundaries of the smoke vent on the side of the main tunnel. The two pieces of transparent tempered glass are embedded in the moving track. The smoke vent parameters can be changed by pushing and pulling the two pieces of transparent tempered glass.
[0047] The main tunnel model includes a smoke exhaust duct, consisting of seven identical tunnel units connected together, with the branch tunnel consisting of three identical tunnel units. A variable frequency axial flow fan is installed on one side of the main tunnel, and a variable frequency axial flow smoke exhaust fan is installed at each end of the smoke exhaust duct. By opening and closing different axial flow fans, different smoke exhaust methods and their synergistic effects can be achieved. Opening the main tunnel's air supply fan enables longitudinal and top-level centralized smoke exhaust, while opening the smoke exhaust duct's fans enables lateral centralized smoke exhaust. Simultaneous operation of these fans simulates the synergistic effect of longitudinal and lateral smoke exhaust. Diffusers connect the fans to the duct, and all diffusers have a narrow channel design. The diffusers in the main tunnel and smoke exhaust duct have a narrow end near the fan and a wide end away from the fan. The wide end of the air supply fan is equipped with a metal mesh flow stabilizer.
[0048] Each rectangular tunnel unit of the main tunnel and the branch tunnels is constructed of 8mm thick transparent fireproof tempered glass on both sides and 10mm thick aluminum silicate fiber fireproof boards on the top and bottom sides. The overall structure of the smoke exhaust vents and smoke exhaust channels is also made of 8mm thick transparent fireproof tempered glass to facilitate observation of smoke flow at the smoke exhaust vents. Each tunnel unit has an outward-opening transparent fireproof glass door on the side other than the smoke exhaust vent to observe the progress of the fire experiment and smoke phenomena inside the tunnel, and to facilitate the disassembly and installation of monitoring devices inside the tunnel and the alteration of experimental variables within the tunnel.
[0049] The main tunnel opening on one side and the branch tunnel opening on one end are combined by using a flexible connection with the same cross-sectional dimensions as the tunnel unit. The flexible connection has good flexibility. Under the condition of ensuring the sealing of the connection, the angle between the branch tunnel and the main tunnel can be changed by adjusting the position of the branch tunnel. This provides a flexible experimental parameter for studying branch tunnel experiments.
[0050] The main tunnel's roof features 64 K-type thermocouple measuring points and 8 thermocouple trees arranged in an orderly fashion along the traffic direction. Each thermocouple tree has 10 K-type thermocouple measuring points arranged in an orderly fashion, and 24 K-type thermocouple measuring points are arranged in an orderly fashion along each smoke exhaust outlet. Each thermocouple has a range of 0-1000℃, a measurement accuracy of 0.01℃, a probe length of 100mm, and a tail wire length of 3m. It connects to an external Picolog TC-08 thermocouple data logger via an omega connector, and then to a computer via a USB adapter.
[0051] The system includes several gas concentration detectors and wind speed measuring probes installed at each smoke exhaust outlet and inside the tunnel. The probe signals are connected to a control recorder, which can be used to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide, the smoke exhaust wind speed at the smoke exhaust outlet, and the airflow speed inside the tunnel during the tunnel fire experiment.
[0052] The main tunnel is equipped with a cross-shaped laser source and a high-speed capture camera at its rear and side. The cross-shaped laser source can effectively observe the flow of smoke inside the tunnel and the smoke entrainment at the exhaust port. The high-speed capture camera can record the state of smoke and flames in real time during the experiment.
[0053] The fire source simulation device consists of an oil pan and standard fuels such as methanol or n-heptane. Smoke generation within the tunnel is achieved using smoke pellets. During the experiment, a smoke pellet is placed above the oil pan. The fire in the oil pan causes air entrainment, driving the smoke to flow within the experimental platform, allowing for a relatively clear observation of the smoke's spread within the tunnel. The oil pan is available in various sizes, enabling different fire source power and simulating different scales of tunnel fires in real-world situations.
[0054] Example 2:
[0055] A collaborative splicing type variable parameter tunnel fire experimental device, such as Figure 1 The model shown includes a main tunnel model 4 and a bifurcated tunnel model 5, which are assembled from tunnel units; a smoke exhaust channel 9 connected to the main tunnel; a steel frame 6 supporting the entire experimental platform; a variable frequency axial flow fan 1, a diffuser 2, and a metal mesh flow stabilizer 3 that provide stable wind speed for the experiment; and variable frequency axial flow smoke exhaust fans 7 and 10 that can extract smoke from the tunnel through the smoke exhaust port 8.
[0056] Each tunnel unit consists of 8mm thick transparent fireproof tempered glass on both sides and 10mm thick aluminum silicate fiber fireproof boards on the top and bottom sides. The smoke exhaust vent 8 and smoke exhaust passage 9 are both constructed entirely of 8mm thick transparent fireproof tempered glass. The use of transparent fireproof tempered glass allows for better observation of the progress of the fire experiment within the tunnel, the spread of smoke, and the smoke flow at the smoke exhaust vent 8 during tunnel fire experiments. Each tunnel unit has an outward-opening transparent fireproof glass door on the side other than the smoke exhaust vent, facilitating the removal and installation of monitoring devices within the tunnel and allowing for changes to experimental variables within the tunnel.
[0057] The main tunnel of the entire experimental setup is composed of seven tunnel units, each 120cm long, 120cm wide, and 50cm high, with a total length of 840cm. The branch tunnel is composed of three tunnel units, with a total length of 360cm. The smoke exhaust duct 9 shares one side with the main tunnel on the side adjacent to the smoke exhaust outlet 8. This duct is 840cm long, 30cm wide, and 50cm high. Figure 5The bifurcation tunnel 5 and the main tunnel 4 are connected together by a flexible connection 22. The flexible connection is made of fireproof, flame-retardant, high-temperature resistant, and highly elastic silicone canvas material. One end of the flexible connection is fixedly connected to the side opening of the main tunnel by bolts, and the other end is fixedly connected to the opening of the bifurcation tunnel. The connection has good elasticity and can be bent at will to change the bifurcation angle between the bifurcation tunnel and the main tunnel.
[0058] like Figure 6 As shown, the smoke exhaust vent 8 consists of two transparent tempered glass plates (smoke exhaust vent glass plate 1 (20) and smoke exhaust vent glass plate 2 (21)) each 25cm long, 10cm wide, and 0.5cm thick, and a 100cm long sliding track 19. The upper boundary of the smoke exhaust vent of each tunnel unit is 10cm away from the tunnel ceiling, and the center of the smoke exhaust vent is located on the center line of the side of the tunnel unit. According to the actual situation and experimental requirements, if the influence of the parameter variable of smoke exhaust vent 8 on the tunnel fire experiment is to be considered, the parameters of smoke exhaust vent 8, such as the opening degree and shape of the smoke exhaust vent, can be changed by pushing and pulling the two transparent tempered glass plates left and right. At the same time, the spacing and combination number between smoke exhaust vents can also be changed by opening and closing different smoke exhaust vents.
[0059] A detachable variable frequency axial flow fan 1 is installed on the upstream side of the main tunnel 4 for longitudinal smoke exhaust. If a smoke exhaust vent is opened at the top of the tunnel or a vertical shaft is added, it can also be used for centralized smoke exhaust at the top. At each end of the smoke exhaust channel 9, a variable frequency axial flow smoke exhaust fan 7 and a variable frequency axial flow smoke exhaust fan 10 are installed for lateral centralized smoke exhaust. By opening and closing different axial flow fans, the synergistic effect of tunnel smoke exhaust can be achieved. For example, when only the variable frequency axial flow fan 1 is turned on, the temperature changes and smoke spread patterns in a fire experiment within the tunnel under longitudinal ventilation can be studied. When only the variable frequency axial flow smoke exhaust fans 7 and 10 are turned on, only the smoke exhaust effect at the side smoke exhaust vents is observed in the tunnel, allowing for the study of changes in a fire experiment within the tunnel under lateral ventilation. Alternatively, the fan 1, the smoke exhaust fans 7 and 10 can be turned on simultaneously to simulate and study the smoke spread in a tunnel fire under the combined effect of longitudinal and lateral ventilation.
[0060] The main tunnel is equipped with a simulated fire source, monitoring devices, and a data acquisition system.
[0061] like Figure 3 As shown, the fire source simulation device can be achieved using an oil tank 14 and standard fuels such as methanol or n-heptane. Smoke generation within the tunnel is achieved using smoke pellets. During the experiment, smoke pellets can be placed above the oil tank 14. When the oil tank fire is ignited, it causes air entrainment, driving the smoke to flow and spread within the tunnel. Different oil tank sizes and shapes can achieve different fire source power. Different oil tank sizes and shapes can be selected according to actual needs to simulate real-world fires of different sizes.
[0062] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a K-type thermocouple measuring point is arranged at 5cm intervals along the tunnel direction on the top of the main tunnel 4, with a total of 48 longitudinal thermocouple measuring points 17; a K-type thermocouple measuring point is arranged at 3cm intervals along the direction of the smoke exhaust outlet, with a total of 24 transverse thermocouple measuring points 18. Using the tunnel centerline as a dividing point, four strings of thermocouple trees 11 are arranged upstream and downstream of the tunnel respectively, with a thermocouple measuring point arranged at 3cm intervals on each string, for a total of 12 thermocouple measuring points; the interval between each string of thermocouple trees is 20cm. The thermocouples can be used to monitor the temperature inside the tunnel in real time. Each thermocouple has a range of 0-1000℃ and a measurement accuracy of 0.01℃, ensuring the accuracy of the experimental data. Each thermocouple is connected to an omega plug at its tail to an external Picolog TC-08 thermocouple data logger, and then connected to a computer via a USB adapter. Picolog software can view the data recording and temperature change curves inside the tunnel in real time.
[0063] like Figure 3 As shown, several gas concentration detectors 12 and wind speed measuring probes 13 are also installed inside the tunnel and at each smoke exhaust outlet. When considering the impact of changes in carbon dioxide concentration and wind speed on tunnel fires during the experiment, they can be used to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide, the smoke exhaust wind speed at the smoke exhaust outlet, and the flow wind speed inside the tunnel during the tunnel fire experiment.
[0064] like Figure 3 As shown, a cross-shaped laser source 16 and a high-speed capture camera 15 are placed at the rear and sides of the main tunnel 4. When the cross-shaped laser source 16 is turned on, the flow of smoke inside the tunnel and the smoke entrainment state at the exhaust port can be clearly observed. The high-speed capture camera 15 can record the real-time state of smoke and flames inside the tunnel during the experiment, providing intuitive image data for experimental analysis.
[0065] Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the scope of this utility model, nor is it limited to the foregoing examples. Any modifications made by those skilled in the art within the framework of the basic principles of this utility model should be considered to fall within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A collaborative splicing type variable parameter tunnel fire experimental device, characterized in that: The experimental setup includes a main tunnel model (4) and a bifurcated tunnel model (5) arranged in a cross configuration. The main tunnel model has a smoke exhaust channel (9) parallel to the internal passage of the main tunnel on its side wall. Both the main tunnel model and the bifurcated tunnel model are assemblies composed of multiple detachable and assembleable tunnel units assembled sequentially. Each tunnel unit of the main tunnel model has a smoke exhaust port with adjustable parameters on the side where it connects to the smoke exhaust channel. Axial flow fans are installed on the upstream side of the main tunnel and at both ends of the smoke exhaust channel. The starting combination of each axial flow fan is used to simulate different smoke exhaust mode scenarios and the coordinated smoke exhaust mode scenarios required for the experiment.
2. The collaborative splicing type variable parameter tunnel fire experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each tunnel unit has a rectangular cross section; the lower area inside the main tunnel model is a vehicle passage, and the main tunnel model and the bifurcation tunnel model are both supported on the ground by a support frame (6); The bifurcation tunnel model and the main tunnel model are connected by a soft connection (22).
3. The collaborative splicing type variable parameter tunnel fire experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the main tunnel model is arranged with multiple sets of K-type thermocouples in an orderly manner along the vehicle direction and the transverse direction of the smoke exhaust outlet. Downstream of the main tunnel model, multiple sets of thermocouple trees are installed in an orderly manner along the vehicle direction of the vehicle passage. Several gas concentration detectors and wind speed measurement probes are also installed. At the bottom of the tunnel, a fire source simulation device is provided.
4. The collaborative splicing type variable parameter tunnel fire experimental device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the main tunnel model is arranged with multiple K-type thermocouple measuring points (17) and multiple strings of thermocouple trees (11) in an orderly manner along the driving direction. Each string of thermocouple trees is arranged with multiple K-type thermocouple measuring points in an orderly manner. The main tunnel model is also arranged with multiple K-type thermocouple measuring points in an orderly manner along each smoke outlet direction. In the thermocouple measurement points, each thermocouple is connected to an omega plug to an external thermocouple data logger, and then connected to a computer via a USB adapter.
5. A collaborative splicing type variable parameter tunnel fire experimental device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fire source simulation device includes an oil tank (14) for simulating a fire source; the oil tank contains methanol for forming a flame and smoke cake for generating smoke; in the experiment, different oil tank sizes are selected to simulate different fire source powers, so as to simulate different scale tunnel fires in actual situations.
6. The collaborative splicing type variable parameter tunnel fire experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial flow fan is a variable frequency axial flow fan, including a supply fan (1) located on the upstream side of the main tunnel, and a first exhaust fan (7) and a second exhaust fan (10) located at both ends of the smoke exhaust channel; a diffuser (2) and a metal mesh flow stabilizer (3) are sequentially installed at the air outlet of the supply fan in the main tunnel; and multiple smoke exhaust outlets (8) are provided on the side wall of the smoke exhaust channel.
7. A collaborative splicing type variable parameter tunnel fire experimental device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The smoke exhaust port includes a sliding track (19) and two glass plates (20) and (21) made of transparent fireproof tempered glass. The parameters of the smoke exhaust port can be changed by pushing and pulling the two transparent tempered glass plates to open and close the smoke exhaust port, or by opening and closing different smoke exhaust ports to change the spacing and number of combinations between the smoke exhaust ports.
8. A collaborative splicing type variable parameter tunnel fire experimental device according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each tunnel unit has a transparent fireproof glass door that can be opened outwards on the side of the non-smoke exhaust outlet.
9. A collaborative splicing type variable parameter tunnel fire experimental device according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each rectangular tunnel unit of the main tunnel model and the bifurcated tunnel model is surrounded by transparent fireproof tempered glass panels on both sides and fireproof aluminum silicate fiber panels on the top and bottom sides. The main structure of the smoke exhaust channel is connected by transparent fireproof tempered glass panels.
10. A collaborative splicing type variable parameter tunnel fire experimental device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tunnel fire test device is equipped with several gas concentration detectors (12) and wind speed measuring probes (13) at each smoke exhaust outlet and inside the tunnel model. The signal output terminals of the gas concentration detectors and wind speed measuring probes are connected to the control recorder. Cross laser source (16) and high-speed capture camera (15) are placed at the tail and side of the main tunnel model.