Energy storage equipment

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of batteries, and particularly relates to energy storage equipment. The problem that potential safety hazards exist after thermal runaway flue gas of existing energy storage equipment is exhausted is solved. The energy storage device comprises a fire safety system and at least one battery pack assembly. The high-capacity battery in each battery pack assembly comprises a shell and a plurality of single batteries arranged in the shell along the same direction; the shell is provided with a shared cavity and an explosion venting pipe assembly communicating with the shared cavity. The inner cavity of the shared cavity is communicated with the inner cavities of all the single batteries; the explosion venting pipe assembly of each high-capacity battery is communicated with an explosion venting collecting pipe, and the outlet end of the explosion venting collecting pipe is communicated with a flue gas collecting pipe of a fire safety system; the thermal runaway flue gas sequentially passes through the explosion venting pipe assembly and the flue gas collecting pipe to enter the flue gas treatment unit of the fire safety system to be treated, and potential safety hazards generated after the thermal runaway flue gas is exhausted are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of batteries, specifically relating to an energy storage device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of new energy sources such as solar and wind power, energy storage technology has also developed. Due to the advantages of lithium batteries, such as high energy, long service life, high rated voltage, high power handling capacity, and low self-discharge rate, they have gradually become the mainstream energy storage product.

[0003] With the large-scale application of lithium battery energy storage devices, the safe use of lithium-ion batteries has also attracted attention. Due to the high density of large-capacity batteries in energy storage devices, factors such as overcharging, over-discharging, overheating, and mechanical impact can easily cause the battery separator to collapse and internal short circuits, leading to thermal runaway and the generation of thermal runaway fumes. After these fumes are released, they can easily accumulate and burn, and in severe cases, cause an explosion, posing a safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an energy storage device that solves the safety hazards that exist after thermal runaway flue gas is discharged from existing energy storage devices.

[0005] The technical solution of this utility model is to provide an energy storage device, including a fire safety system and at least one battery pack assembly;

[0006] The fire safety system includes a primary fire protection unit, which includes a smoke manifold and a smoke treatment unit. The smoke manifold is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack component to the smoke treatment unit, which is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke.

[0007] Each battery pack assembly includes a venting manifold and at least one high-capacity battery assembly; each high-capacity battery assembly includes a high-capacity battery and a heat exchange device.

[0008] The high-capacity battery includes a casing and multiple individual cells. The individual cells are arranged along the x-direction within the casing cavity. The casing has at least one shared chamber and a venting pipe assembly communicating with the shared chamber. The shared chamber cavity is connected to the cavities of all individual cells. A clearance hole is provided on the top plate of the casing corresponding to the polarity terminals of each individual cell. Each individual cell polarity terminal extends out of the corresponding clearance hole, and the area of ​​the top plate corresponding to the clearance hole is fixedly sealed to the individual cell casing. The heat exchange device includes multiple heat exchange sleeves, each corresponding to a polarity terminal. Each heat exchange sleeve is fitted around the corresponding polarity terminal, and an annular cavity is formed between the inner wall of the heat exchange sleeve and the side wall of the polarity terminal, serving as a flow cavity for the heat exchange medium. The electrical connection portion of the polarity terminal extends out of the heat exchange sleeve, and the top and bottom open ends of the heat exchange sleeve are sealed to the side wall of the polarity terminal. The heat exchange sleeves of adjacent individual cells located on the same side of the polarity terminal are interconnected, forming two heat exchange channels at the top of the high-capacity battery.

[0009] The explosion vent manifold is connected to the explosion vent pipe assembly of each high-capacity battery, and the outlet end of the explosion vent manifold is connected to the flue gas manifold.

[0010] This utility model energy storage device includes multiple high-capacity battery modules. Each high-capacity battery module includes a high-capacity battery and a heat exchange device. Each high-capacity battery consists of multiple individual cells and a shell with a shared chamber. The multiple individual cells are placed inside the shell, and the shared chamber and the internal cavity of each individual cell inside the shell are connected, which reduces the differences between individual cells and improves the consistency between individual cells to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycle life of the high-capacity battery to a certain extent.

[0011] Meanwhile, the heat exchange device of this utility model includes multiple heat exchange sleeves, with one heat exchange sleeve fitted around each polarity terminal. The annular cavity formed between the inner wall of each heat exchange sleeve and the side wall of the polarity terminal serves as a flow cavity for the heat exchange medium. Simultaneously, the polarity terminal extends out of the heat exchange sleeve in the z-direction, meaning that part of the polarity terminal's structure is located inside the heat exchange sleeve and in direct contact with the insulating heat exchange medium; the other part of the polarity terminal's structure is located outside the heat exchange sleeve, serving as an electrical connection part. Connecting the heat exchange sleeves on the same side of each individual battery forms two heat exchange channels on the top of the large-capacity battery. These two heat exchange channels can be connected in parallel or in series, achieving heat exchange for the large-capacity battery based on these two channels. Compared to indirect heat exchange methods (such as the method disclosed in Chinese Patent CN118299714A), firstly, the heat exchange path is shortened from "heat exchange medium - heat exchange element - polar terminal" to "heat exchange medium - polar terminal". The heat exchange medium acts directly on the polar terminal, which can improve the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium and thus improve the heat exchange efficiency of this type of large-capacity battery. Secondly, the heat exchange area is increased from "a slot with a fixed surface area" to "a part of the structure where the polar terminal is located within the heat exchange device", which can further improve the heat exchange efficiency of this type of large-capacity battery.

[0012] In addition, each large-capacity battery has a venting pipe assembly connected to the shared chamber on its casing. The energy storage device also has a flue gas treatment system that connects the venting pipe assemblies of each large-capacity battery to the flue gas manifold of the flue gas treatment system. Thermal runaway flue gas enters the flue gas treatment unit of the flue gas treatment system through the venting pipe assembly and the flue gas manifold in sequence for treatment, reducing the safety hazards caused by the discharge of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0013] Furthermore, an insulating component is fitted onto the polarity terminal of each individual battery cell, and the polarity terminal is insulated from the top cover plate of the individual battery cell through the insulating component.

[0014] The heat exchange sleeve includes a hollow component and an annular sealing plate; two through holes are opened on the side wall of the hollow component to penetrate its inner cavity, which serve as the liquid inlet and liquid outlet respectively; the annular sealing plate is coaxial with the hollow component and is sealed and fixed at the top of the hollow component.

[0015] The heat exchange sleeve is fitted onto the polar terminal, and the inner side wall of the bottom end of the hollow component of the heat exchange sleeve and the outer side wall of the insulating component are sealed and fixed. The inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate of the heat exchange sleeve is sealed and fixed to the side wall of the polar terminal. The electrical connection part of the polar terminal extends out of the inner hole of the annular sealing plate. An annular cavity is formed between the heat exchange sleeve and the polar terminal, which serves as a flow cavity for the heat exchange medium.

[0016] The inlet and outlet of the heat exchange sleeve on the same side polarity terminal of adjacent single cells are connected to each other.

[0017] Furthermore, the heat exchange sleeve also includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe; both the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are fixed on the side wall of the hollow component and are connected to the inlet and outlet respectively.

[0018] The heat exchange sleeves of adjacent individual cells located on the same side polarity terminal are connected to each other through inlet and outlet pipes.

[0019] Furthermore, the hollow component, annular sealing plate, inlet pipe, and outlet pipe are all integrated into one piece, all made of rubber. Compared to a separate structure, the integrated component is easier to process. The rubber heat exchange sleeve, due to its elastic deformation, is easy to fit onto the polarity terminal, and at the same time, it is easy to achieve a seal between it and the side wall of the polarity terminal and the outer wall of the insulating component.

[0020] Furthermore, a limiting rib is provided on the inner wall of the hollow component along its axial direction. The lower end face of the limiting rib abuts against the upper end face of the insulating component, thereby limiting the hollow component in the axial direction.

[0021] Furthermore, a stepped structure is provided along the circumference of the outer wall of the insulating component; the inner wall of the bottom end of the hollow component and the outer wall of the insulating component are sealed and fixed, and the bottom end face of the hollow component is sealed and fixed on the stepped surface of the insulating component. The stepped surface can both support the heat exchange sleeve and achieve a sealing and fixing between the bottom end of the hollow component and the insulating component from the radial direction of the hollow component.

[0022] Furthermore, the polarity terminal is provided with a functional structure to increase its heat exchange area. The portion of the polarity terminal with the functional structure is located inside the heat exchange sleeve. Compared to a polarity terminal without a functional structure, it has a larger heat exchange area, thus achieving better heat exchange performance.

[0023] Furthermore, the functional structure consists of n annular grooves, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; each annular groove extends circumferentially along the sidewall of the polarity terminal, and the n annular grooves are arranged along the height direction of the polarity terminal. Compared to other functional structures, the annular grooves are easier to manufacture, resulting in lower costs for the polarity terminal.

[0024] Furthermore, the functional structure can also be a through-hole formed in the polarity terminal, penetrating the polarity terminal along the x-direction. Multiple dividing ribs can also be provided on the inner wall of the through-hole; these dividing ribs are evenly distributed circumferentially along the through-hole, and each dividing rib extends axially along the through-hole. By providing dividing ribs within the through-hole, the contact area between the heat transfer medium and the polarity terminal can be further increased, thereby increasing the heat transfer area and further improving the heat transfer effect. In addition, the even distribution of multiple dividing ribs circumferentially along the through-hole ensures good temperature uniformity across the polarity terminal, and the axial extension of each dividing rib does not affect the flowability of the heat transfer medium within the through-hole.

[0025] Furthermore, a second insulating sealant layer is provided on the top plate of the outer shell, and each heat exchange sleeve is located within the second insulating sealant layer. Based on the second insulating sealant layer, firstly, short circuit problems caused by condensation on the outside of the heat exchange sleeve can be avoided, and secondly, the sealing performance and stability of the entire heat exchange sleeve can be further improved.

[0026] Furthermore, the aforementioned flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device, and an ignition device; the liquid treatment device is mainly used to treat the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; the flue gas cooling device is mainly used to cool the thermal runaway flue gas; the solid treatment device is mainly used to adsorb the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; and the ignition device is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0027] The flue gas treatment unit of this utility model treats the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the energy storage device in a variety of ways to avoid safety hazards caused by the discharge of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0028] Furthermore, the aforementioned flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device, which includes M liquid treatment tanks. Each liquid treatment tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet. The first to the (M-1)th liquid treatment tanks are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is empty. Here, M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0029] In this energy storage device, since the large-capacity battery contains a certain amount of electrolyte, when the large-capacity battery experiences thermal runaway, the electrolyte is ejected along with the thermal runaway flue gas and passes through a liquid treatment device. The liquid treatment device effectively treats the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas. At the same time, the Mth liquid treatment tank of the liquid treatment device is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas is too high, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank by the high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas, preventing the liquid treatment medium from being squeezed into subsequent devices and affecting the downstream devices.

[0030] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment unit also includes an ignition device; the ignition device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank and is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

[0031] In this utility model of energy storage equipment, the ignition device controls the combustion of thermal runaway flue gas after it has been treated by the liquid treatment device. The combustion of thermal runaway flue gas after combustion treatment can be directly discharged without causing combustion or explosion hazards.

[0032] Furthermore, the aforementioned liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution. This alkaline solution not only effectively treats the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and produce combustible gases, but also treats some of the gases in the thermal runaway flue gas, significantly reducing the amount of gas in the flue gas after treatment. Among these, a 0.05–0.5 mol / L NaOH solution shows particularly outstanding treatment effect on the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0033] Furthermore, the aforementioned primary fire protection unit also includes a buffer device, which comprises at least one buffer tank. The buffer tank has a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet communicating with its internal cavity. The buffer device is positioned between the smoke manifold and the smoke treatment unit to buffer the thermal runaway smoke. Adding a buffer tank upstream of the smoke treatment unit not only buffers the thermal runaway smoke, allowing it to enter the unit at a relatively stable flow rate, thus ensuring sufficient treatment by the liquid handling device, but also allows the buffer tank to collect some of the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway smoke, reducing the amount of liquid used by the downstream liquid handling device.

[0034] Furthermore, the aforementioned primary fire protection unit also includes a safety device, which comprises safety piping and a safety discharge section. The inlet of each safety piping is connected to a flue gas manifold or buffer tank, and the outlet of the safety piping is connected to the external environment. The safety discharge section is installed on the safety piping, and its opening pressure is lower than the opening pressure of the explosion venting section of a large-capacity battery. This safety device can discharge the thermal runaway flue gas through the safety device when the pressure in the flue gas manifold is too high, thereby avoiding safety hazards caused by excessive pressure in the flue gas manifold and improving the safety of handling thermal runaway flue gas.

[0035] Furthermore, the aforementioned flue gas manifold includes a primary manifold and a secondary manifold. The primary manifold is connected to the outlet end of the battery pack assembly explosion relief manifold, and the secondary manifold is connected to each primary manifold, thereby centrally transporting the thermal runaway flue gas in each primary manifold to the flue gas treatment unit.

[0036] Furthermore, the aforementioned fire safety system also includes a secondary fire-fighting unit, which comprises fire-fighting devices and fire-fighting pipelines. The fire-fighting devices contain extinguishing agents, and the fire-fighting pipelines are used to transport these agents to the energy storage device's enclosure. In the event of thermal runaway fumes within the energy storage device's enclosure or the combustion or explosion of a large-capacity battery, the secondary fire-fighting unit prevents the thermal runaway fumes from igniting an open flame or extinguishes any fires already occurring in the large-capacity battery. Through the cooperation of the primary and secondary fire-fighting units, the safety of the large-capacity battery within the entire energy storage device is protected, further enhancing the overall safety of the energy storage device.

[0037] Furthermore, the aforementioned fire safety system also includes a three-level fire suppression unit. This three-level fire suppression unit includes a fire sprinkler system and at least one water mist nozzle installed on the fire sprinkler system. The inlet of the fire sprinkler system is used to connect to an external fire water pipe. This three-level fire suppression unit can continue to extinguish the fire even when multiple batteries experience thermal runaway and large open flames, or after the extinguishing materials in the two-level fire suppression unit have been depleted, further enhancing the safety of the entire energy storage device.

[0038] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0039] This utility model energy storage device includes multiple high-capacity battery modules. Each high-capacity battery module includes a high-capacity battery and a heat exchange device. Each high-capacity battery consists of multiple individual cells and a shell with a shared chamber. The multiple individual cells are placed inside the shell, and the shared chamber and the internal cavity of each individual cell inside the shell are connected, which reduces the differences between individual cells and improves the consistency between individual cells to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycle life of the high-capacity battery to a certain extent.

[0040] Meanwhile, the heat exchange device of this utility model includes multiple heat exchange sleeves, with one heat exchange sleeve fitted around each polarity terminal. The annular cavity formed between the inner wall of each heat exchange sleeve and the side wall of the polarity terminal serves as a flow cavity for the heat exchange medium. Simultaneously, the polarity terminal extends out of the heat exchange sleeve in the z-direction, meaning that part of the polarity terminal's structure is located inside the heat exchange sleeve and in direct contact with the insulating heat exchange medium; the other part of the polarity terminal's structure is located outside the heat exchange sleeve, serving as an electrical connection part. Connecting the heat exchange sleeves on the same side of each individual battery forms two heat exchange channels on the top of the large-capacity battery. These two heat exchange channels can be connected in parallel or in series, achieving heat exchange for the large-capacity battery based on these two channels. Compared to indirect heat exchange methods (such as the method disclosed in Chinese Patent CN118299714A), firstly, the heat exchange path is shortened from "heat exchange medium - heat exchange component - polar terminal" to "heat exchange medium - polar terminal". The heat exchange medium acts directly on the polar terminal, which can improve the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium and thus improve the heat exchange efficiency of this type of large-capacity battery. Secondly, the heat exchange area is increased from "a slot with a fixed surface area" to "a part of the structure where the polar terminal is located within the heat exchange device", which can further improve the heat exchange efficiency of this type of large-capacity battery.

[0041] In addition, each large-capacity battery has a venting pipe assembly connected to the shared chamber on its casing. The energy storage device also has a flue gas treatment system that connects the venting pipe assemblies of each large-capacity battery to the flue gas manifold of the flue gas treatment system. Thermal runaway flue gas enters the flue gas treatment unit of the flue gas treatment system through the venting pipe assembly and the flue gas manifold in sequence for treatment, reducing the safety hazards caused by the discharge of thermal runaway flue gas. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an energy storage device.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack assembly structure;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the large-capacity battery module in Example 1;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the high-capacity battery assembly in Example 1;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a high-capacity battery assembly in Example 1;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional view of another high-capacity battery assembly in Example 1;

[0048] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange sleeve in Example 1;

[0049] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another high-capacity battery module in Example 1;

[0050] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a partial explosion structure of another large-capacity battery module in Example 1;

[0051] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of constructing a battery pack assembly based on a large-capacity battery module in Example 1;

[0052] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack assembly constructed based on a high-capacity battery module in Example 1;

[0053] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange sleeve in Example 2;

[0054] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchange sleeve in Example 2;

[0055] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the installation process of the large-capacity battery module in Example 2. Figure 1 ;

[0056] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the installation process of the large-capacity battery module in Example 2. Figure 2 ;

[0057] Figure 16 This is a cross-sectional view of the single-cell battery cover assembly in Example 5;

[0058] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the large-capacity battery module in Example 6;

[0059] Figure 18 This is a partial explosion diagram of the large-capacity battery module in Example 6;

[0060] Figure 19 This is a cross-sectional view of the high-capacity battery assembly in Example 6;

[0061] Figure 20 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the high-capacity battery assembly in Example 6;

[0062] Figure 21 This is a partial structural diagram of the large-capacity battery module in Example 6;

[0063] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion of the outer shell in Example 6;

[0064] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the cylinder structure in Example 6;

[0065] Figure 24 This is a structural schematic diagram of the fire safety system in Example 7;

[0066] Figure 25 This is a structural schematic diagram of the primary fire protection unit in Example 7;

[0067] Figure 26 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of region a in the middle;

[0068] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid processing device in Example 7;

[0069] Figure 28 This is a cross-sectional view of the liquid processing tank in Example 7;

[0070] Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram of the flue gas treatment unit in Example 7, which includes a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, and an ignition unit.

[0071] Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram of the flue gas treatment unit in Example 7, which includes a buffer tank, a liquid handling device, and an ignition unit.

[0072] Figure 31 This is a structural schematic diagram of the secondary and tertiary fire protection units in Example 7.

[0073] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0074] 1. Heat exchanger sleeve; 11. Hollow component; 111. Limiting rib; 12. Annular sealing plate; 13. Through hole; 14. Liquid inlet pipe; 15. Liquid outlet pipe; 20. Single cell; 21. Polar terminal; 1211. Electrical connection part; 122. Top cover plate; 123. Insulating component; 1231. Stepped structure; 124. Annular groove; 125. Through hole; 126. Dividing rib plate; 127. Lower cover plate; 28. Unpacking part; 29. ​​Connecting pipe section; 3. Outer shell; 31. Top plate of outer shell; 31 1. Clearance hole; 132. Shell bottom plate; 33. Electrolyte sharing chamber; 34. Gas sharing chamber; 35. Support component; 36. Cylinder body; 361. Cylinder body side plate; 362. Cylinder body top plate; 37. End plate; 38. Sealing connector; 39. First insulating sealant layer; 40. Sealing ring; 41. Second insulating sealant layer; 42. Reinforcing rib; 60. Battery pack assembly; 62. High-capacity battery assembly; 63. High-capacity battery; 64. Insulating protective cover; 1148. First through hole;

[0075] 2. Fire safety system; 020. Primary fire protection unit; 021. Secondary fire protection unit; 022. Tertiary fire protection unit; 211. Primary manifold; 2120. Secondary manifold; 22. Smoke treatment unit; 230. Liquid treatment device; 2301. Liquid treatment tank; 2302. Connecting pipeline; 2303. Smoke inlet; 2304. Smoke outlet; 2305. Liquid treatment medium filling port; 2306. Drainage pipe; 2307. Diversion section; 2308. Spiral baffle; 2210. Ignition device; 2220. Safety piping; 2230. Safety discharge section; 231. Solid waste disposal tank; 2321. Flue gas piping; 2322. Smoke exhaust pipe; 2323. Ignition device; 2324. Trigger; 2325. Flame arrester; 234. Buffer tank; 2341. Smoke inlet; 2342. Smoke outlet; 24. Firefighting equipment; 25. Firefighting piping; 26. Fire sprinkler piping; 27. Water mist nozzle;

[0076] 32. Explosion relief manifold; 335. Explosion relief pipe assembly; 310. First explosion relief component; 320. Second explosion relief component; 3110. First hollow pipe fitting; 321. First interface; 322. Second interface; 323. Third interface; 4. Flexible pipe section. Detailed Implementation

[0077] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0078] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0079] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "top," "bottom," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0080] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model discloses an energy storage device, including a fire safety system 2 and at least one battery pack assembly 60.

[0081] The fire safety system 2 includes a primary fire protection unit 020, which includes a smoke manifold and a smoke treatment unit. The smoke manifold is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack component 60 to the smoke treatment unit, which is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke.

[0082] like Figure 2 As shown, each battery pack assembly 60 includes a venting manifold 32 and at least one high-capacity battery assembly 62.

[0083] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, each high-capacity battery assembly 62 includes a high-capacity battery 63 and a heat exchange device 4;

[0084] The high-capacity battery 63 includes a casing 3 and multiple individual cells 20; the multiple individual cells 20 are arranged in the same direction and placed inside the casing 3.

[0085] A rectangular shell 3 is typically used. For ease of description, the length direction of the shell 3 is defined as the x-direction, the width direction of the shell 3 is defined as the y-direction, and the height direction of the shell 3 is defined as the z-direction.

[0086] This utility model does not specifically limit the structure of the outer shell 3, but at least the following two structures can be adopted:

[0087] The first structure includes a cylindrical body with open ends (i.e., the port parallel to the yz plane is the open end) and end plates fixed to the two open ends of the cylindrical body (i.e., the end plates are parallel to the yz plane).

[0088] The second structure includes a cylindrical body with open ends at the top and bottom (i.e., the port parallel to the xy plane is the open end) and a top plate and a bottom plate fixed to the open ends at the top and bottom of the cylindrical body respectively (i.e., the top plate and the bottom plate are both parallel to the xy plane, and the bottom plate can be an integral structure with the cylindrical body).

[0089] A shared chamber is provided inside the aforementioned outer shell 3.

[0090] It should be noted that:

[0091] The aforementioned shared chamber can be an electrolyte shared chamber 33. The inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber 33 is connected to the inner cavity of each individual battery cell 20. Through the electrolyte shared chamber 33, each individual battery cell 20 is in a uniform electrolyte environment, ensuring the uniformity of the electrolyte in each individual battery cell 20 and improving the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the large-capacity battery 63. The electrolyte shared chamber 33 mentioned here is a liquid channel extending along the length of the outer casing 3 between the bottom plate 132 of the outer casing and each individual battery cell 20. This liquid channel can be integrally formed with the bottom plate 132 of the outer casing, or it can be formed by setting a support member 35 between the lower cover plate 127 of the individual battery cell 20 and the bottom plate 132 of the outer casing. It should be noted that in the first structure of the outer casing 3, the bottom plate 132 here is a cylindrical bottom plate; in the second structure of the outer casing 3, the bottom plate 132 here is a bottom plate.

[0092] The aforementioned shared chamber can also be a gas shared chamber 34 located on the top plate 31 of the outer casing, which covers the gas ports on the top of each individual cell 20 in the large-capacity battery 63.

[0093] It should be noted that in the first type of shell 3, the shell top plate 31 here is the cylinder top plate; in the second type of shell 3, the shell top plate 31 here is the top plate.

[0094] It should also be noted that the gas port here has the following two meanings:

[0095] 1) The gas port is a first through hole that is directly opened on the cover plate 122 of the single cell 20 and penetrates the inner cavity of the single cell 20.

[0096] At this time, the gas sharing chamber 34 is connected to the gas region of each individual cell 20 through the gas port. Based on the fact that the gas sharing chamber 34 can connect the gas regions of each individual cell 20 to achieve gas balance, the gas of each individual cell 20 is shared to ensure the consistency of each individual cell 20, which improves the cycle life of the large-capacity battery 63 to a certain extent. When any individual cell 20 experiences thermal runaway, the flue gas in the inner cavity of that individual cell 20 enters the gas sharing chamber 34 and is discharged through the gas sharing chamber 34, thereby improving the safety of the large-capacity battery 63.

[0097] 2) The gas port is a vent or explosion-proof port provided on the cover plate 122 of the single cell 20, and a venting membrane is provided at the vent or explosion-proof port.

[0098] At this time, the gas sharing chamber 34 is used as a venting channel. When the venting membrane at the gas port of any single cell 20 is broken by the flue gas in the inner cavity, the inner cavity of the single cell 20 and the gas sharing chamber 34 are connected, and the flue gas inside is discharged through the gas sharing chamber 34, thereby improving the safety of the large-capacity battery 63.

[0099] The aforementioned shared chamber can also be a gas-liquid shared chamber. Through a gas-liquid shared chamber, each individual battery 20 can be placed in a unified electrolyte environment and gas environment, which improves the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the large-capacity battery 63.

[0100] To facilitate the electrical connection of this type of high-capacity battery 63, clearance holes 311 are provided on the top plate 31 of the outer casing (in the first structure of the outer casing 3, the top plate 31 here is the cylindrical top plate; in the second structure of the outer casing 3, the top plate 31 here is the top plate) corresponding to the polarity terminals 21 of each individual battery 20. The polarity terminals 21 of each individual battery 20 extend out of the corresponding clearance holes 311 as polarity terminals of the high-capacity battery 63. The area of ​​the top plate 31 of the outer casing corresponding to the clearance hole 311 is fixedly sealed with the outer casing of the individual battery 20, so that the clearance hole 311 part of the top plate 31 of the outer casing is sealed.

[0101] It should be noted that the polarity terminal 21 of the single cell 20 mentioned here can be the terminal post of the single cell 20. In order to avoid the terminal post of the single cell 20 not being able to extend smoothly out of the clearance hole 311 or the height of extending out of the clearance hole 311 not meeting the set requirements, a terminal post adapter can be connected to the terminal post of the single cell 20, and the overall structure of the terminal post of the single cell 20 and the terminal post adapter can be used as the polarity terminal 21 of the single cell 20.

[0102] The heat exchange device 4 is used for heat exchange of the large-capacity battery 63. This heat exchange can be understood as either heat dissipation or heating of the large-capacity battery 63. When the temperature of the large-capacity battery 63 is higher than a set threshold, a lower-temperature heat transfer medium is introduced into the heat exchange device 4 to cool the large-capacity battery 63. When the temperature of the large-capacity battery 63 is lower than the set threshold, a higher-temperature heat transfer medium is introduced into the heat exchange device 4 to heat the large-capacity battery 63. By controlling the temperature of the heat transfer medium, it can be ensured that the large-capacity battery 63 always operates at its normal operating temperature.

[0103] To improve the heat exchange efficiency of the aforementioned high-capacity batteries, this invention adopts a concept similar to that of Chinese Patent CN118299714A, primarily focusing on heat exchange at the polar terminals of individual battery cells where heat is concentrated. However, unlike Chinese Patent CN118299714A, this invention optimizes the heat exchange structure and employs a direct heat exchange method, allowing the polar terminals to directly contact the heat exchange medium, thus achieving heat exchange at the polar terminals. Compared to the effect of indirect heat exchange between the heat exchange medium and the polar terminals through heat exchange components, this invention offers several advantages: firstly, a shorter heat exchange path, improving the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium; secondly, a larger heat exchange area, enhancing heat exchange efficiency, and further improving the overall heat exchange efficiency of this type of high-capacity battery.

[0104] Based on this inventive concept, the heat exchange device of this utility model includes multiple heat exchange sleeves 1, with one heat exchange sleeve 1 fitted around each polarity terminal 21. The annular cavity formed between the inner wall of each heat exchange sleeve 1 and the side wall of the polarity terminal 21 serves as a flow cavity for the heat exchange medium. Simultaneously, the polarity terminal 21 extends out of the heat exchange sleeve 1 in the z-direction, meaning that part of the structure of the polarity terminal 21 is located inside the heat exchange sleeve 1 and in direct contact with the insulating heat exchange medium; the other part of the structure of the polarity terminal 21 is located outside the heat exchange sleeve 1, serving as an electrical connection part. Connecting the heat exchange sleeves 1 on the same side of each individual battery forms two heat exchange channels on the top of the large-capacity battery. The two heat exchange channels can be connected in parallel or in series, achieving heat exchange for the large-capacity battery based on these two heat exchange channels.

[0105] It should be noted that:

[0106] 1. Because the polar terminals of this utility model are in direct contact with the heat exchange medium, an ideal heat exchange medium should possess good insulation, high specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, good flame retardant properties, low cost, suitable operating temperature, long service life, and non-corrosiveness. In this utility model, the insulating heat exchange medium is a common insulating heat exchange medium in the prior art, which can be, but is not limited to, insulating oil and fluorinated liquid;

[0107] 2. When the heat exchange sleeve comes into contact with the polarity terminals and the top cover of a single cell or the top shell of a large-capacity battery simultaneously, if the heat exchange sleeve is conductive, the positive and negative polarity terminals of the same single cell will be directly connected through the heat exchange sleeve, resulting in a short circuit. Therefore, the heat exchange sleeve is preferably made of insulating material. When a non-insulating material is used, an insulating sealing ring can be added between the polarity terminals and the heat exchange sleeve to overcome this problem. Alternatively, the heat exchange sleeve can be insulated, such as by spraying insulating paint or wrapping it with an insulating film. For safety, multiple insulation methods can be combined to overcome this problem.

[0108] 3. When using liquid heat exchange medium, it is necessary to ensure the sealing of the heat exchange sleeve, especially at the part where the polarity terminal penetrates the heat exchange sleeve.

[0109] like Figure 3 As shown, the casing of the aforementioned high-capacity battery 63 is also provided with a venting pipe assembly 335 that communicates with the shared chamber; combined with Figure 2 It can be seen that within each battery pack assembly 60, the explosion venting manifold 32 is connected to the explosion venting pipe assembly 335 of each large-capacity battery. In the entire energy storage device, the outlet end of the explosion venting manifold 32 of each battery pack assembly is connected to the flue gas manifold.

[0110] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, provides a detailed account of the specific structures of the battery pack assembly 60, the large-capacity battery assembly 62, the fire safety system 2, and the energy storage device.

[0111] Example 1

[0112] This embodiment is a battery pack assembly, such as Figure 2 As shown, it includes a venting manifold 32 and 13 high-capacity battery modules 62. In some other embodiments, the number of high-capacity battery modules 62 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0113] Large-capacity battery module 62, for details please refer to Figures 3 to 9 .

[0114] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the large-capacity battery assembly 62 includes a large-capacity battery 63 and a heat exchange device 4;

[0115] The high-capacity battery 63 includes a casing 3 and a plurality of individual battery cells 20 arranged along the x-direction within the casing 3. In this embodiment, the individual battery cells 20 are prismatic batteries, and there are 12 of them. The internal cavity of each individual battery cell 20 includes an electrolyte region and a gas region. In other embodiments, the number of individual battery cells 20 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0116] The single cell 20 includes a housing and electrode components and electrolyte located within the housing; the housing is formed by an outer cylinder, a lower cover assembly, and an upper cover assembly. In this embodiment, the lower cover assembly includes a lower cover plate 127, and an opening component 28 may be provided on the lower cover plate 127. The opening component 28 can detach from the lower cover plate 127 under external force or electrolyte action, and form a through hole in the lower cover plate 127 that penetrates the inner cavity of the housing. Based on this through hole, the inner cavity of each single cell 20 is connected to the electrolyte shared chamber 33. The opening component 28 is an existing structure, such as the opening component disclosed in Chinese Patent CN221327991 U, the sealing device disclosed in Chinese Patent CN117476997A, and the opening device disclosed in CN117477117A. The top cover assembly includes a top cover plate 122 and two polarized terminals 21 located on the top cover plate 122. Insulating members 123 can be fitted onto the two polarized terminals 21, and the terminals are insulated from the top cover plate 122 via the insulating members 123. In this embodiment, an opening member can also be provided on the top cover plate 122, located between the two polarized terminals 21. Under external force or electrolyte action, the opening member can detach from the top cover plate 122 of the individual battery 20, forming a through hole in the top cover plate 122 that penetrates the inner cavity of the outer casing. Based on this through hole, the inner cavity of each individual battery 20 is connected to the gas-sharing chamber 34. The opening member adopts an existing structure, which can be the same as or different from the structure of the opening member 28 on the bottom cover plate 127.

[0117] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the top plate 31 of the high-capacity battery casing has clearance holes 311 that allow the polarity terminals 21 of each individual battery cell 20 to extend. In this embodiment, the polarity terminals 21 of the individual battery cell 20 are individual battery cell 20 terminals, which have a higher height than conventional individual battery cell 20 terminals. Each individual battery cell 20 polarity terminal 21 extends out of the corresponding clearance hole 311, and the area of ​​the top plate 31 corresponding to the clearance hole 311 is fixedly sealed to the casing of the individual battery cell 20.

[0118] The following methods can typically be used to achieve a seal:

[0119] Option 1: As Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the polar terminals 21 of each individual battery 20 extend out of the corresponding clearance holes 311, and a sealing connector 38 is added between the clearance holes 311 and the polar terminals 21 to achieve a fixed seal between the area of ​​the outer shell top plate 31 corresponding to the clearance holes 311 and the outer shell of the individual battery 20.

[0120] The sealing connector 38 includes a hollow tube; the bottom of the hollow tube is used for a sealed connection with a first region of the single cell 20, and the top of the hollow tube is sealed to a second region of the top plate 31 of the outer casing; wherein the first region is the region surrounding any polar terminal 21 on the top cover plate 122 of any single cell 20; wherein the region surrounding the polar terminal 21 is the region surrounding the insulating member 123 on the polar terminal 21. The second region is the region of the top plate 31 of the outer casing corresponding to any one of the clearance holes 311. The region of the top plate 31 of the outer casing corresponding to the clearance hole 311 is the region surrounding any one of the clearance holes 311 on the outer surface of the top plate 31 of the outer casing; or the region of the top plate 31 of the outer casing corresponding to the clearance hole 311 is the wall of the clearance hole 311.

[0121] Option 2: Figure 6 As shown, adhesive is injected into the annular gap between the clearance hole 311 and the polarity terminal 21 to form a first insulating sealant layer 39, thereby achieving a fixed seal between the area of ​​the outer casing top plate 31 corresponding to the clearance hole 311 and the outer casing of the single battery 20. Figure 6 To facilitate the display of the clearance hole 311, the first insulating sealant layer 39 is not shown inside the clearance hole 311 on one side.

[0122] When the inner surface of the top plate 31 of the outer casing and the top cover plate 122 of the single battery 20 are closely fitted, the first insulating sealant liquid forming the first insulating sealant layer 39 may not seep into the inner cavity of the outer casing 3. However, when there is a large gap between the inner surface of the top plate 31 of the outer casing and the top cover plate 122 of the single battery 20, during the process of injecting the first insulating sealant liquid into the annular gap, under the action of gravity, the first insulating sealant liquid will inevitably flow into the inner cavity of the outer casing 3 from the annular gap, the gap between the inner surface of the top plate 31 of the outer casing and the top cover plate 122 of the single battery 20. When the first insulating sealant liquid contains substances that can react with the electrolyte, it may affect the battery performance.

[0123] To overcome this problem, such as Figure 6As shown, in this embodiment, a sealing ring 40 is fitted around the polarity terminal 21 of each individual battery 20. The bottom surface of the sealing ring 40 is in close contact with the upper cover plate 122 of the individual battery 20, and the top surface of the sealing ring 40 is in close contact with the inner surface of the outer shell top plate 31. This sealing ring 40, in addition to acting as a sealant barrier, also has a sealing function, and in conjunction with the first insulating sealant layer 39, can achieve a better sealing effect. To further improve the sealing performance, the inner ring surface of the sealing ring 40 is tightly fitted with the insulating member 123. An L-shaped sealing ring can also be used, with its lateral sealing surface pressed between the upper cover plate 122 of the individual battery 20 and the outer shell top plate 31, and its vertical sealing surface tightly fitted with the insulating member 123. The outer ring surface of the vertical sealing surface of the L-shaped sealing ring can also be tightly fitted with the wall of the clearance hole 311. The vertical sealing surface can seal the axial direction of the clearance hole 311. In addition, the vertical sealing surface fits against the wall of the clearance hole 311, which can position the L-shaped sealing ring and prevent the sealing ring from falling off or shifting during installation.

[0124] The sealing ring 40 can be made of plastic, which has a certain degree of elasticity and does not react with the electrolyte. The sealing ring 40 and the corresponding upper cover plate 122 of the single cell 20 do not need to be connected. It can simply be placed in the corresponding position and pressed onto the upper cover plate 122 of the corresponding single cell 20 by the top plate 31 of the outer shell. In order to prevent the sealing ring 40 from falling off or shifting during installation, the bottom surface of the sealing ring 40 can be glued to the upper cover plate 122 of the corresponding single cell 20. Alternatively, a groove for fixing the sealing ring 40 can be pre-made in the upper cover plate 122 of the single cell 20, and the sealing ring 40 can be fixed in the groove.

[0125] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, a support member 35 extending in the x-direction is provided between the bottom plate 132 of the outer casing and each individual battery cell 20 to form a second channel, serving as an electrolyte sharing chamber 33. A boss extending in the x-direction is provided on the top plate 31 of the outer casing, and a first channel is formed on the boss. This first channel communicates with the inner cavity of the outer casing 3, serving as a gas sharing chamber 34, and is connected to the gas region within the inner cavity of each individual battery cell 20. When gas is generated within the inner cavity of an individual battery cell 20, the inner cavity of the first channel can also serve as a gas-containing cavity, alleviating the problem of the outer casing 3 bulging caused by gas generation. In some other embodiments, the boss structure may not be provided, and each individual battery cell 20 can achieve gas communication through its own through-holes penetrating its inner cavity to achieve gas balance.

[0126] In some other embodiments, only an electrolyte sharing chamber 33 or a gas sharing chamber 34 may be provided.

[0127] Combination Figure 3As can be seen, the heat exchange device in this embodiment includes 24 heat exchange sleeves 1, which are respectively set around the 24 polar terminals 21, and the heat exchange sleeves of adjacent single cells located on the same side of the polar terminal are interconnected.

[0128] The structure of heat exchange sleeve 1 is as follows Figure 7 As shown, it includes a hollow component 11 and an annular sealing plate 12; two through holes 13 are opened on the side wall of the hollow component 11 to penetrate its inner cavity, which serve as the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet respectively; the annular sealing plate 12 is coaxial with the hollow component 11 and is sealed and fixed at the top of the hollow component 11.

[0129] Combination Figures 4 to 6 As can be seen, the heat exchange sleeve 1 is sleeved around the polar terminal 21, forming an annular cavity between it and the side wall of the polar terminal 21. This annular cavity serves as a flow cavity for the heat exchange medium. The inner side wall of the bottom end of the hollow component 11 and the outer side wall of the insulating component 123 sleeved on the polar terminal 21 of the single cell 20 are sealed and fixed. The inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 12 is sealed and fixed to the side wall of the polar terminal 21. At the same time, part of the structure of the polar terminal 21 extends out of the inner hole of the annular sealing plate 12, serving as the electrical connection part 1211 of the polar terminal 21.

[0130] This utility model does not specifically limit the cross-sectional shape of the hollow component 11. Generally, the cross-sectional shape of the hollow component 11 is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the polar terminal 21. For example, when the cross-section of the polar terminal 21 is circular, the cross-section of the corresponding hollow component 11 is annular; when the cross-section of the polar terminal 21 is square, the cross-section of the corresponding hollow component 11 is square annular.

[0131] In this embodiment, the hollow component 11 and the annular sealing plate 12 are an integral part. In some other embodiments, the hollow component 11 and the annular sealing plate 12 can be separate parts, but the processing is more complicated than in this embodiment.

[0132] In this embodiment, the heat exchange sleeve 1 is made of rubber. The inner sidewall of the bottom end of the hollow component 11 and the insulating component 123 are bonded together with insulating sealant to achieve a sealed fixation between them. Alternatively, a tight fit can be used to achieve a seal. Furthermore, the rubber heat exchange sleeve 1 has a certain degree of elastic deformation, and a tight fit between the inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 12 and the sidewall of the polar terminal 21 can achieve a seal. In other embodiments, an annular sealing ring can be added between the inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 12 and the sidewall of the polar terminal 21 to further improve the sealing performance.

[0133] In some other embodiments, when the heat exchange sleeve 1 is made of metal, the inner sidewall of the bottom end of the hollow component 11 and the insulating component 123 can also be bonded together with insulating sealant to achieve sealing and fixation between the two; the inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 12 and the sidewall of the polar terminal 21 can be sealed by welding.

[0134] In some other embodiments, when the heat exchange sleeve 1 is made of metal, the bottom end of the hollow component 11 can be welded to the upper cover plate 122 of the single cell 20 to achieve a sealed fixation between the two, so as to ensure the seal between the hollow component and the side wall of the polar terminal; the inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 12 is sealed with the side wall of the polar terminal 21 by insulating sealant.

[0135] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the heat exchange sleeves 1 on the same side of each individual battery 20 are connected to form two heat exchange channels on the top of the large-capacity battery. The two heat exchange channels can be connected in parallel or in series, and the heat exchange of the large-capacity battery is realized based on the two heat exchange channels.

[0136] like Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the explosion venting tube assembly 335 of the large-capacity battery 63 in this embodiment includes a first explosion venting component 310 and a second explosion venting component 320; wherein the first explosion venting component 310 includes a first hollow tube 3110, which is provided with an explosion venting membrane inside for connection with the outer casing 3. In order to fix it at the first through hole 1148 of the outer casing 3, this embodiment provides an annular plate on the outer wall of one end of the first hollow tube 3110, and the annular plate is sealed to the periphery of the first through hole 1148 by friction welding; the second explosion venting component 320 is a three-way tube, the first interface 321 of which is sealed to the first explosion venting component 310, and the second interface 322 and the third interface 323 are respectively used to connect to the flexible tube segment 4 constituting the explosion venting manifold 32 (see Figure 10 The first interface 321 is a vertical T-junction pipe. Figure 9 In the middle, the joint of the pipe section parallel to the x-direction, the second interface 322 and the third interface 323 are respectively the lateral pipe of the tee ( Figure 9 The two ends of the pipe section (parallel to the y-direction) are joints.

[0137] The first interface 321 and the first explosion venting component 310 can be connected by threaded connection, welding, or interference fit. In this embodiment, a union tee pipe is selected, that is, a union nut is connected to one end of the vertical pipe of the tee pipe as a union joint; the outer wall of the end where the first explosion venting component 310 connects to the second explosion venting component 320 is provided with external threads; the union joint of the second explosion venting component 320 is threadedly connected to the external threads on the outer wall of the first explosion venting component 310. The union joint can be easily and directly connected to the first explosion venting component 310. A sealing gasket is provided at the free end of the first explosion venting component 310 to ensure the sealing performance of the connection.

[0138] When assembling the battery pack assembly 60, firstly, each tee pipe is fixed to the corresponding first explosion venting component 310 to form a large-capacity battery assembly 62 with an explosion venting pipe assembly 335. Then, multiple large-capacity battery assemblies 62 are arranged in a predetermined direction. Finally, adjacent tee pipes are connected using flexible pipe segments 4. Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown ( Figure 11 This is only a schematic representation of the two outermost large-capacity battery assemblies 62.

[0139] Because this embodiment uses a spliced ​​explosion relief manifold 32, and the intermediate connecting pipe section is a flexible pipe section 4, the deformation of the flexible pipe section 4 can compensate for the installation error of the explosion relief pipe assembly 335 and the spacing deviation of the large-capacity battery assembly 62, thereby reducing the installation difficulty of the explosion relief manifold 32.

[0140] It should be noted that, in order to further improve safety, the explosion relief manifold 32 and the high-capacity battery module 62 should be insulated. This can be achieved by using a flexible pipe section 4 and / or a tee pipe made of insulating and high-temperature resistant (thermal runaway flue gas temperature) material, or by adding an insulating pipe section between the first explosion relief pipe and the tee pipe.

[0141] Example 2

[0142] Unlike Example 1, as Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the heat exchange sleeve 1 in this embodiment also includes an inlet pipe 14 and an outlet pipe 15; the inlet pipe 14 and the outlet pipe 15 are both fixed on the side wall of the hollow component 11 and are respectively connected to the inlet and the outlet.

[0143] In addition, in this embodiment, the hollow component 11, the annular sealing plate 12, the liquid inlet pipe 14 and the liquid outlet pipe 15 are integrated into one piece, and all of them are made of insulating material, preferably an insulating material with a certain elastic deformation.

[0144] It should be noted that the inlet pipe 14 of one heat exchange sleeve 1 and the outlet pipe 15 of the other heat exchange sleeve 1 can be interlocked to achieve communication between the two adjacent heat exchange sleeves 1. Alternatively, a connecting pipe section 29 can be used, which can be made of heat shrink tubing; for example... Figure 14 As shown, the inlet pipe 14 of one heat exchange sleeve 1 and the outlet pipe 15 of the other heat exchange sleeve 1 are connected to achieve the connection between the two adjacent heat exchange sleeves 1.

[0145] This embodiment can adopt the following two installation methods to fix the heat exchange device and the large-capacity battery:

[0146] Installation Method 1:

[0147] like Figure 14 As shown, each heat exchange sleeve 1 is fitted onto the corresponding polarity terminal one by one. During the fitting process, adjacent heat exchange sleeves are connected, and the top and bottom open ends of the heat exchange sleeves are sealed to the side wall of the polarity terminal. Finally, two heat exchange channels are formed on the top of the large-capacity battery.

[0148] Installation Method Two:

[0149] like Figure 15 As shown, firstly, the heat exchange sleeves 1 are connected to form two heat exchange channels. Then, each heat exchange channel is installed as a whole on the top of the large-capacity battery. During the installation process, each heat exchange sleeve 1 of each heat exchange channel is fitted onto the corresponding polarity terminal to complete the sealing between the open end of the top and bottom of the heat exchange sleeve and the side wall of the polarity terminal. Finally, two heat exchange channels are formed on the top of the large-capacity battery.

[0150] It should be noted that when using Figure 6 When sealing the clearance hole area by injection, the above-mentioned heat exchange device and large-capacity battery should be fixedly installed first, and then the glue should be injected into the annular gap (the annular gap between the heat exchange sleeve and the clearance hole) to form the first insulating sealant layer 39.

[0151] Example 3

[0152] refer to Figure 6Unlike the previous embodiment, this embodiment has a stepped structure 1231 along the circumference of the outer wall of the insulating member 123; the bottom end face of the hollow member 11 in the heat exchange sleeve 1 is sealed and fixed to the stepped surface of the insulating member 123. In this embodiment, the stepped surface can both support the heat exchange sleeve 1 and achieve a seal between the bottom end of the hollow member 11 and the insulating member 123 from the radial direction of the hollow member 11 (insulating sealant can be applied to the stepped surface to achieve a seal between the bottom end of the hollow member 11 and the insulating member 123). In addition, the bottom end face of the hollow member 11 is fixed to the stepped surface of the insulating member 123, which can completely prevent the heat exchange sleeve 1 from contacting the upper cover plate 122, and even if the heat exchange sleeve 1 is made of metal, short circuits can be avoided.

[0153] In this embodiment, a limiting rib 111 can also be provided along the axial direction of the inner wall of the hollow component 11; the bottom end of the limiting rib 111 is pressed against the top end face of the insulating component 123, which can further improve the stability of the heat exchange sleeve 1 on the polar terminal 21.

[0154] Example 4

[0155] refer to Figures 4 to 6 In this embodiment, two annular grooves 124 are formed on the side wall of the polarity terminal 21. The two annular grooves 124 are arranged along the height direction of the polarity terminal 21, and each annular groove 124 extends circumferentially along the side wall of the polarity terminal 21. Since the two annular grooves 124 can increase the heat exchange area of ​​this part of the polarity terminal 21, after placing this part in the inner cavity of the heat exchange sleeve 1, a better heat exchange effect can be obtained compared with the polarity terminal 21 with smooth side walls.

[0156] In some other embodiments, the number of annular grooves 124, as well as the dimensions such as groove width and groove depth, can be adjusted as needed, specifically without affecting the conductivity of the polarity terminal 21.

[0157] In other embodiments, other structures can be processed on the polarity terminal 21 to increase the heat exchange area of ​​the polarity terminal 21. For ease of description, in this utility model, the structures that can increase the heat exchange area of ​​the polarity terminal 21 are collectively referred to as functional structures. Such functional structures may include dot-shaped pits, protrusions, etc. located on the side wall of the polarity terminal 21. Compared with the above functional structures, the annular groove 124 structure in this embodiment is easier to process and has a lower processing cost.

[0158] Example 5

[0159] Unlike Example 4, as Figure 16The image shown is a cross-sectional view of the cover assembly of each individual cell in the large-capacity battery pack of this embodiment. In this embodiment, a through-hole 125 is formed in the polarity terminal 21 to increase the heat exchange area between the polarity terminal 21 and the heat exchange medium, serving as a functional structure. Figure 16 As can be seen from this embodiment, taking a single via 125 as an example, the cross-sectional area of ​​the via 125 can be increased as much as possible without affecting the conductivity of the polarity terminal 21, thereby increasing the heat exchange area and improving the heat exchange effect. In other embodiments, two or more vias 125 can be provided, specifically without affecting the conductivity of the polarity terminal 21.

[0160] In this embodiment, the central axis of the through hole 125 is parallel to the plane of the upper cover plate 122. In some other embodiments, the extension line of the central axis of the through hole 125 may have a certain angle with the upper cover plate 122, and the angle may not be equal to 90°.

[0161] To further optimize the heat exchange effect, this embodiment can also provide four dividing ribs 126 in the through hole 125. The four dividing ribs 126 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the through hole 125, and each dividing rib 126 extends along the axial direction of the through hole 125. Based on the four dividing ribs 126, the contact area between the heat exchange medium and the polar terminal 21 can be increased, that is, the heat exchange area can be increased, thereby effectively improving the heat exchange effect.

[0162] In some other embodiments, the number and arrangement of the dividing ribs 126 can be adjusted according to the size of the through hole 125, provided that the flow of the heat exchange medium is not affected.

[0163] Example 6

[0164] Unlike the above embodiments, this embodiment lays a second insulating sealant layer 41 on the top of the heat exchange device.

[0165] The specific structure is as follows: Figures 17 to 20 As shown, in Figure 6 Taking the example of adding a second insulating sealant layer 41 to the large-capacity battery assembly shown, the second insulating sealant layer 41 covers the top of the large-capacity battery and wraps all the heat exchange sleeves 1.

[0166] To improve the stability of the second insulating sealant layer 41, this embodiment can also perform powder coating on the large-capacity battery casing 3. On the one hand, this achieves insulation for the aluminum casing 3; on the other hand, compared to the adhesion strength with the aluminum casing 3, the insulating sealant is easier to bond with the powder-coated outer layer and has higher bonding strength, thus giving the second insulating sealant layer 41 higher stability. Furthermore, by matching the types of powder coating material and the second insulating sealant, the bonding strength between the two can be further improved.

[0167] like Figure 21 As shown, reinforcing ribs 42 can also be provided on each heat exchange sleeve 1. The second insulating sealant layer 41 and the reinforcing ribs 42 form a stop fit structure, which can improve the stability of the second insulating sealant layer 41.

[0168] The second insulating sealant layer 41 and the first insulating sealant layer 39 can be used as a whole, which can not only achieve the sealing of the clearance hole 311, but also has at least the following advantages:

[0169] 1. Further improve the sealing performance of each part of the heat exchange sleeve 1;

[0170] Specifically, when there is still a tiny gap between the inner hole of the annular sealing plate 12 of the heat exchange sleeve 1 and the polar terminal 21, the insulating sealant liquid constituting the second insulating sealant layer 41 penetrates into the tiny gap and further seals the gap radially (the insulating sealant liquid cannot flow into the inner cavity of the heat exchange sleeve 1 through the tiny gap).

[0171] II. Preventing condensation;

[0172] During long-term use, due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the heat exchange sleeve 1, condensation will form on the surface. When the condensation accumulates to a certain amount, it may cause a short circuit. By laying a second insulating sealant layer 41 on the top of the heat exchange sleeve 1, when condensation forms on the surface of the heat exchange sleeve 1, the battery short circuit can be prevented under the protection of the second insulating sealant layer 41.

[0173] 3. Achieve insulation between the heat exchange sleeve 1 and the top of the large-capacity battery;

[0174] When a non-insulating heat exchange sleeve 1 is used, the second insulating sealant layer 41 completely wraps around the heat exchange sleeve 1, which can achieve insulation of the heat exchange sleeve 1 and further improve the insulation performance between the heat exchange sleeve 1 and the top of the large-capacity battery.

[0175] IV. Improve the stability of heat exchange sleeve 1;

[0176] Because the heat exchange sleeve 1 is completely wrapped by the second insulating sealant layer 41, the stability of the heat exchange sleeve 1 on high-capacity batteries can be further improved.

[0177] from Figure 19 and Figure 20 It can also be seen that the electrical connection portion 1211 of each polarity terminal 21 extends beyond the second insulating sealant layer 41 to facilitate connection with the electrical connection assembly. The electrical connection assembly is an electrical connection that enables parallel connection of individual cells 20 and / or series connection of adjacent large-capacity cells in a large-capacity battery. Simultaneously, the liquid inlet and outlet ends of the heat exchange channel expose the second insulating sealant layer 41 to facilitate connection with external heat exchange equipment storing the heat exchange medium.

[0178] In some other embodiments, after the electrical connection assembly is connected to the polarity terminal 21, a second insulating sealant layer 41 is laid on top of the large-capacity battery. That is, the second insulating sealant layer 41 completely covers the polarity terminal 21 of the individual battery 20 and the connection part between the electrical connection assembly and the polarity terminal 21. In the entire large-capacity battery, after the outer casing 3 is insulated, only the free end of the electrical connection assembly (used to realize the series connection of the large-capacity batteries) is exposed and live, while the rest is insulated, so that this type of large-capacity battery has higher safety performance.

[0179] To prevent glue overflow during the glue injection process, this embodiment uses a portion of the outer shell 3 as a glue baffle. The following is in conjunction with... Figure 22 and Figure 23 The structure of the outer shell 3 in this embodiment will be described in detail.

[0180] like Figure 22 The diagram shown is an exploded view of the outer shell 3 in this embodiment. The outer shell 3 is disassembled into a cylindrical body 36 with open ends and an end plate 37 covering the open ends of the cylindrical body 36. The structure of the cylindrical body 36 is as follows: Figure 23 As shown, the two ends of the cylinder 36 are open, meaning the open ends of the cylinder 36 are parallel to the yz plane; in the z direction, the height of the cylinder side plate 361 is higher than the height of the cylinder top plate 362; the portion of the cylinder side plate 361 that is higher than the cylinder top plate 362 serves as a baffle plate. This cylinder 36 can be integrally formed using an aluminum extrusion process, which is convenient for processing, and at the same time, it has better sealing performance compared to a split structure.

[0181] In addition, this embodiment may also provide an insulating protective cover 64 on the top of the large-capacity battery assembly 62 (such as...). Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, a portion of the insulating protective cover 64 is used as a glue injection mold. After glue injection, demolding is unnecessary, and this also improves the bonding strength between the insulating protective cover 64 and the top of the large-capacity battery pack 62. Furthermore, if the polarized terminals are directly exposed to the external environment, there is a significant safety hazard during use due to the terminals being energized. Therefore, providing an insulating protective cover 64 on the top of the large-capacity battery pack 62 also provides insulation protection for the polarized terminals, avoiding potential safety hazards from exposed polarized terminals during operation. It also prevents foreign objects from falling into the polarized terminal area and causing a short circuit in the large-capacity battery pack 62, thus improving the safety of the large-capacity battery pack 62.

[0182] Example 7

[0183] This embodiment is an energy storage device, including a fire safety system and at least one battery pack assembly as described in the above embodiments.

[0184] like Figure 24 As shown, the fire safety system 2 includes a primary fire protection unit 020, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 25 As shown, the system includes a flue gas manifold and a flue gas treatment unit 22. The flue gas manifold is used to transport the thermal runaway generated by the large-capacity battery module 62 to the flue gas treatment unit 22; the flue gas treatment unit 22 is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the large-capacity battery module 62. The structure of the flue gas manifold and the flue gas treatment unit 22 will be described in detail below.

[0185] like Figure 2 As shown, in order to prevent the thermal runaway flue gas from the large-capacity battery module 62 in any individual battery pack assembly 60 from spreading to the entire energy storage device and causing safety problems, the thermal runaway flue gas of all battery pack assemblies 60 is collected through a flue gas manifold. When a large-capacity battery module 62 in any battery pack assembly 60 experiences thermal runaway, its thermal runaway flue gas can be discharged through the flue gas manifold, reducing the spread of thermal runaway.

[0186] In this embodiment, the flue gas manifold includes a primary manifold 211 and a secondary manifold 2120. The primary manifold 211 is connected to the outlet end of the explosion relief manifold 32 of each battery pack assembly 60, and the secondary manifold 2120 is connected to each primary manifold 211, so as to centrally transport the thermal runaway flue gas in each primary manifold 211 to the flue gas treatment unit 22.

[0187] Combination Figure 1 In this embodiment, the battery pack components 60 of the energy storage device are arranged along the z-direction to form a battery cluster, comprising a total of 4 battery clusters; for this energy storage device, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 25 As can be seen, this embodiment includes four primary busbars 211, each of which is connected to the outlet end of the explosion venting busbar 32 of each battery pack assembly 60 within each battery cluster (e.g., Figure 26 As shown, Figure 26 for Figure 1 (Enlarged schematic diagram of region a); The secondary manifold 2120 is connected to each primary manifold 211, and the thermal runaway flue gas in each primary manifold 211 is centrally transported to the flue gas treatment unit 22.

[0188] The aforementioned flue gas manifold collects the thermal runaway flue gas generated by each battery cluster and centrally leads it to the subsequent flue gas treatment unit 22 for processing. However, the shared chambers of the aforementioned large-capacity battery modules 62 contain a certain amount of free electrolyte. This electrolyte, when the large-capacity battery module 62 experiences thermal runaway, can be ejected along with the thermal runaway flue gas, posing a certain safety hazard. Based on this, combined with... Figure 27In this embodiment, the flue gas treatment unit 22 includes a liquid treatment device 230. The inlet of the liquid treatment device 230 is connected to the outlet of the secondary manifold 2120. It is mainly used to fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas of the large-capacity battery module 62 to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and generate combustible gas, thereby reducing the content of combustibles (electrolyte and combustible gas) in the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0189] The liquid handling device 230 in this embodiment includes M liquid handling tanks 2301, each filled with a liquid handling medium. The number of liquid handling tanks 2301 can be set according to the number and requirements of the large-capacity battery modules 62 in the energy storage device. If there are multiple liquid handling tanks 2301, they can be connected in series via connecting pipes 2302. The shape of the liquid handling tanks 2301 is not limited; they can be rectangular, circular, elliptical, etc., with circular tanks being the most preferred due to their good pressure-bearing capacity.

[0190] All of the above M liquid treatment tanks 2301 can be filled with liquid treatment medium. Specifically, during filling, the liquid treatment medium is filled to about 2 / 3 of the inner cavity of the liquid treatment tank 2301 to avoid the liquid treatment medium in the previous liquid treatment tank 2301 being squeezed into the next liquid treatment tank 2301, resulting in poor treatment effect.

[0191] In actual use, the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas during the initial deflation of the large-capacity battery module 62 is too high. The liquid treatment medium in the last liquid treatment tank 2301 may be squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank 2301 by the thermal runaway flue gas. Based on this, the last liquid treatment tank 2301 can be set as an empty tank. For example, the liquid treatment device 230 includes 9 liquid treatment tanks 2301, of which the first to eighth liquid treatment tanks 2301 are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the ninth liquid treatment tank 2301 is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the large-capacity battery module 62 is too high, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium squeezed out by the high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas, avoid the liquid treatment medium being squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank 2301, and improve the safety of the liquid treatment device 230 during use.

[0192] like Figure 27As shown, the liquid treatment tank 2301 is equipped with a flue gas inlet 2303, a flue gas outlet 2304, and a liquid treatment medium filling port 2305. The flue gas inlet 2303 is used to input the thermal runaway flue gas into the liquid treatment tank 2301, the flue gas outlet 2304 is used to discharge the treated thermal runaway flue gas, and the liquid treatment medium filling port 2305 is used to fill the liquid treatment medium. Specifically, the flue gas inlet 2303 can be located at the top or bottom of the liquid treatment tank 2301. To facilitate the connection of each liquid treatment tank 2301, it is preferable to locate both the flue gas inlet 2303 and the flue gas outlet 2304 at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301. In this case, the connection of each liquid treatment tank 2301 only needs to be achieved at the top, improving the connectability of the entire thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and the compactness of the pipeline layout. In addition, the aforementioned connecting pipe 2302 can be made of metal corrugated pipe. After the metal corrugated connection is used, each liquid treatment tank 2301 can be arranged according to the requirements of the installation space, meeting various installation requirements and saving installation space.

[0193] like Figure 28 As shown, after the flue gas inlet 2303 is positioned at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301, a guide pipe 2306 is connected to the flue gas inlet 2303 to ensure sufficient contact between the thermal runaway flue gas and the liquid treatment medium inside the liquid treatment tank 2301. At least a portion of the guide pipe 2306 can be submerged in the liquid treatment medium. Ideally, the guide pipe 2306 extends to the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 2301 and can be completely submerged in the liquid treatment medium. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the liquid treatment tank 2301, it fully contacts the liquid treatment medium inside the liquid treatment tank 2301, allowing the liquid treatment medium to perform more thorough treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas and improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium.

[0194] A diversion section 2307 is provided at one end of the aforementioned drainage pipe 2306 that is immersed in the liquid treatment medium. This diversion section 2307 disperses and diverts the thermal runaway flue gas before it reacts with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301. This allows for a large inflow and a small outflow of the thermal runaway flue gas, facilitating its dispersion and ensuring sufficient contact and reaction between the flue gas and the liquid treatment medium, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium. In this embodiment, the diversion section 2307 can be a foamed copper column. Foamed copper columns are easy to install and have a good dispersing and diversion effect. During installation, it is fixed to the port of the drainage pipe 2306 that is immersed in the liquid treatment medium. Foamed copper has a structure with numerous three-dimensional pores in a copper matrix, which has a dispersing and buffering effect on the fluid. In use, it is processed into a columnar structure, and the thermal runaway flue gas flows out from the foamed copper column through the drainage pipe 2306, and then flows out through the side wall or bottom of the foamed copper column to achieve the dispersion and buffering effect of the thermal runaway flue gas, so as to ensure that the diverted thermal runaway flue gas is in full contact with the liquid treatment medium.

[0195] To further ensure sufficient reaction between the thermal runaway flue gas and the liquid treatment medium, a spiral baffle 2308 or multiple baffles are installed on the aforementioned drainage pipe 2306. The spiral baffle 2308 or multiple baffles increase the travel distance of the thermal runaway flue gas as it passes through the liquid treatment tank 2301, allowing for more thorough contact between the flue gas and the liquid treatment medium. The thermal runaway flue gas enters from the flue gas inlet 2303 of the liquid treatment tank 2301, then flows through the drainage pipe 2306 to the bottom of the liquid treatment medium. It is then dispersed by the foamed copper columns, and as it rises from the bottom, the spiral baffle 2308 or multiple baffles ensure sufficient contact between the thermal runaway flue gas and the liquid treatment medium within the liquid treatment tank 2301, thus enabling appropriate treatment. Specifically, the spiral baffle 2308 can be fixed to the drainage pipe 2306. The baffle is a semi-circular baffle, and multiple baffles are arranged from bottom to top and fixed on the flow pipe 2306 respectively, with adjacent baffles installed in a staggered manner.

[0196] After the aforementioned liquid treatment tank is pressure tested and leak-proofed, it is filled with liquid treatment medium. This liquid treatment medium is mainly used to fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas, so as to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and produce combustible gases, thereby reducing the content of combustibles (electrolyte and combustible gases) in the thermal runaway flue gas. The liquid treatment medium can specifically use the following substances:

[0197] First, the liquid treatment medium can be an organic solvent. Based on the principle of "like dissolves like," organic solvents can effectively treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas, while also preventing the vaporized electrolyte from further decomposing. Specifically, these organic solvents can be ester solvents, alcohol solvents, or aldehyde solvents. Ester solvents can specifically include diethyl phthalate, methyl salicylate, ethyl acetate, or butyl acetate, etc.; alcohol solvents can specifically include benzyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, isobutanol, isopropanol, isooctanol, n-propanol, or cyclohexanol, etc.; and aldehyde solvents can include benzaldehyde, heptanal, phenylpropanal, or methylnonacetaldehyde, etc.

[0198] Secondly, the liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution, specifically an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or barium hydroxide. The alkaline solution reacts with carbonates in the electrolyte, preventing the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to produce harmful gases, thus treating the thermal runaway gas at its source. Simultaneously, the alkaline solution cools the thermal runaway gas, fully dissolving the electrolyte vapors within it. Furthermore, the alkaline solution is highly effective at treating acidic substances such as CO2, POF3, and HF, enabling effective treatment of the thermal runaway gas.

[0199] In the two liquid treatment media mentioned above, the alkaline solution not only treats the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas, preventing the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose, but also treats some of the gas. The amount of thermal runaway flue gas treated with this concentration of alkaline solution is significantly reduced. Therefore, the alkaline solution is more effective than organic solvents in its treatment.

[0200] Generally, higher concentrations of alkaline solutions result in better treatment of thermal runaway flue gas. However, the inventors have discovered that lower concentrations of alkaline solutions are more effective than higher concentrations, especially alkaline solutions of 0.05–0.5 mol / L. When thermal runaway flue gas passes through an alkaline solution of this concentration, the amount of gas collected is minimal, and the treatment effect is superior to that of alkaline solutions with concentrations above 0.5 mol / L. Therefore, by overcoming the biases of existing technologies, using low-concentration alkaline solutions to treat thermal runaway flue gas enables effective treatment of the gas.

[0201] The following uses NaOH solution as an example to conduct a large number of battery thermal runaway tests. After comparing the treatment effects of water and NaOH solutions of different concentrations on thermal runaway flue gas, it was found that the gas volume collected after treatment with 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution was the smallest, the effect after treatment with 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH solution was significant, and the effect after treatment with 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution was the best.

[0202] When thermal runaway flue gas is introduced into a NaOH solution, the NaOH solution reacts with the electrolyte, CO2, POF3, and HF, among other acidic substances, in the flue gas. For example, the ester in the electrolyte reacts with the NaOH solution: CHOOCR + NaOH = RCOONa + CHOH; CO2 reacts with the NaOH solution: 2NaOH + CO2 = Na2CO3 + H2O; subsequently, CO2 also undergoes the reaction: Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O = 2NaHCO3; POF3 reacts with the NaOH solution: POF3 + 2NaOH = NaPF2O2 + NaF + H2O; HF reacts with the NaOH solution: NaOH + HF = NaF + H2O. Through these reactions, the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas is significantly reduced.

[0203] Table 1. Unprocessed runaway data of fully charged 32650 batteries

[0204]

[0205] Table 2 Results of treatment with NaOH solutions of different concentrations

[0206]

[0207]

[0208] Based on the above experimental data, it was found that the volume of gas collected after the thermal runaway of a fully charged 32650 battery without any treatment was 4L. When the thermal runaway gas from a fully charged 32650 battery was passed through a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or higher, the collected gas volume was generally greater than 2L, indicating unsatisfactory treatment results. After passing the thermal runaway gas from a fully charged 32650 battery through a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05–0.5 mol / L, the gas volume was significantly smaller, all below 2L. Treatment with 0.1–0.2 mol / L sodium hydroxide showed significant effects, with the smallest collected gas volume (approximately 1L) after treatment with 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide, demonstrating the best effect. Therefore, a 0.05–0.5 mol / L NaOH solution has a good treatment effect on the thermal runaway gas from a battery.

[0209] like Figure 29 As shown, the flue gas treatment unit in this embodiment may also include a solid treatment device. As can be seen from the above test results, an alkaline solution of a certain concentration can effectively treat thermal runaway flue gas, thereby significantly reducing the volume of the treated thermal runaway flue gas. On this basis, a solid treatment device can be used to treat the remaining gas, so that the treated thermal runaway flue gas is completely non-combustible.

[0210] from Figure 29 As can be seen, the solid-state treatment device is located at the rear end of the liquid-state treatment device and is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas after the liquid-state treatment device has processed it. This solid-state treatment device includes at least one solid-state treatment tank 231. The number of solid-state treatment tanks 231 can be set according to the number and requirements of the large-capacity batteries in the energy storage device. If there are multiple solid-state treatment tanks, they can be connected in series. In this case, the flue gas inlet of the first solid-state treatment tank is connected to the flue gas outlet of the last liquid-state treatment tank in the liquid-state treatment device. The specific structure of the solid-state treatment tank is similar to that of the liquid-state treatment tank; its interior is filled with a solid adsorption medium for treating the thermal runaway flue gas after the liquid-state treatment tank has processed it.

[0211] The solid adsorption medium in the aforementioned solid treatment tank can specifically be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicates, phosphates, or porous glass, etc., used to treat residual gases after liquid treatment, for example, adsorbing excess H2, CO, methane, ethylene, etc. Preferably, activated carbon is selected as the solid adsorption medium due to its relatively low cost and excellent treatment effect. Generally, activated carbon with a high iodine value or modified activated carbon is selected. This type of activated carbon easily adsorbs low molecular weight gases in thermal runaway flue gas, for example, it easily reacts with hydrogen, methane, etc.

[0212] Table 3 Adsorption test results of NaOH solution combined with activated carbon

[0213]

[0214] Experimental data showed that using NaOH solution and activated carbon (PB-3 activated carbon from filter canister No. 1) was very effective in treating the thermal runaway gas from the battery. After multiple experiments, it was found that the thermal runaway gas from a fully charged 32650 battery was first treated with 1500 mL of 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution, and then adsorbed by 270 g of activated carbon. The collected gas volume was 0.3–0.5 L, and the collected gas was non-flammable.

[0215] In this embodiment, the flue gas treatment system introduces the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of a large-capacity battery into a liquid treatment tank for processing. The liquid treatment tank specifically treats the electrolyte and some gases carried in the battery thermal runaway flue gas, preventing the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and react to produce gas, thereby reducing the amount of thermal runaway gas produced. The subsequent solid treatment tank can complete the treatment of thermal runaway flue gas with a smaller amount of solid adsorption medium. At the same time, the treated gas is non-flammable, improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0216] In some embodiments, the flue gas treatment unit may also include only a solids processing device, where thermal runaway flue gas generated by a large-capacity battery is directly transported to the solids processing device through a flue gas manifold for treatment.

[0217] The flue gas treatment unit in this embodiment may further include an ignition device 2210. For example... Figure 29 As shown, the ignition device 2210 is located at the rear end of the liquid processing device or solid processing device, and performs controllable ignition treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas after processing by the liquid processing device or solid processing device. The ignition device 2210 can adopt the structure disclosed in Chinese patents CN220324645U, CN219453979U, CN218523576U, CN218498146U, CN218414927U, etc.

[0218] In some embodiments, the flue gas treatment unit may also include only an ignition device. The thermal runaway flue gas generated by the large-capacity battery is directly delivered to the ignition device through the flue gas manifold, and the ignition device directly and individually ignites all the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0219] like Figure 29As shown, the ignition device 2210 includes a flue gas pipeline 2321 and at least one set of ignition components. The flue gas pipeline 2321 is connected to the flue gas outlet 2304 of the Mth liquid treatment tank 2301 in the liquid treatment device 230 (taking the absence of a solid adsorption device as an example). The ignition components are connected to the flue gas pipeline 2321. The number of ignition components can be set according to requirements, and can be set to 1, 2, 3, or 4 sets, etc. Setting multiple sets not only ensures that the thermal runaway flue gas is fully ignited and reliable ignition is guaranteed, but also avoids the safety hazards caused by the inability to reliably ignite the thermal runaway flue gas when a single ignition component fails or malfunctions.

[0220] like Figure 29 As shown, each ignition assembly includes an exhaust pipe 2322 and an igniter 2323 located at the outlet of the exhaust pipe 2322. The exhaust pipe 2322 is connected to the flue gas pipeline 2321 (when there are multiple ignition assemblies, the inlets of the exhaust pipes 2322 of multiple ignition assemblies are all connected to the flue gas pipeline 2321). The igniter 2323 is activated when any large-capacity battery assembly 62 experiences thermal runaway. Subsequently, the thermal runaway flue gas, after being treated by the liquid handling device 230, is transported to the exhaust pipe 2322 through the flue gas pipeline 2321, and the igniter 2323 ignites the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the exhaust pipe 2322. The igniter 2323 can be activated by a trigger 2324 or by the BMS (Battery Management System). When activated by trigger 2324, which can be a sensor of different structures and can be installed inside the exhaust pipe 2322 or on the flue gas duct 2321, the trigger 2324 can detect parameters such as temperature, pressure, or gas volume fraction in real time. When these parameters exceed a set threshold, a signal is sent to activate igniter 2323. Specifically, trigger 2324 can be at least one of a pressure sensor, a gas sensor, or a temperature sensor. When activated by trigger 2324, a flame arrester 2325 can also be installed on the exhaust pipe 2322. The flame arrester 2325 is preferably a pipeline flame arrester 2325, used to prevent flames from propagating downwards through the exhaust pipe 2322 and damaging devices such as trigger 2324. When activated by BMS, the BMS monitors the voltage, current, and temperature of each large-capacity battery module 62 in the energy storage device in real time. When any large-capacity battery module 62 experiences thermal runaway, and the voltage, current, and temperature exceed the threshold, igniter 2323 is activated.

[0221] The structure of the igniter 2323 can be varied. For example, it can be an existing arc igniter 2323 or a resistance wire igniter 2323. Specifically, the arc igniter 2323 can be a pulse igniter 2323. The power supply of the igniter 2323 can be dry cell batteries or AC power, depending on the site environment.

[0222] When the large-capacity battery module 62 experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery module 62 enters the liquid treatment device 230 through the flue gas manifold. The liquid treatment device 230 treats the electrolyte and some gases carried in the thermal runaway flue gas. Subsequently, the ignition device 2210 performs controllable ignition treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas after it has been treated by the liquid treatment device 230, so as to reduce the safety hazards generated after the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged.

[0223] In this embodiment, the flue gas treatment unit 22 may also include a buffer device, which is disposed between the flue gas manifold and the flue gas treatment unit 22 to buffer the thermal runaway flue gas entering the flue gas treatment unit 22.

[0224] like Figure 30 As shown, the buffer device includes N buffer tanks 234, each buffer tank 234 having a smoke inlet 2341 and a smoke outlet 2342 communicating with its inner cavity; the flue gas inlet 2303 of the first liquid treatment tank 2301 is connected to the smoke outlet 2342 of the Nth buffer tank 234, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Figure 30 The flue gas treatment unit 22 shown includes a buffer device, a liquid treatment device 230, and an ignition device 2210. The buffer device is located at the front end of the liquid treatment device 230, and the ignition device 2210 is located at the rear end of the liquid treatment device 230. In other embodiments, the buffer device may also be located at the front end of the ignition device 2210.

[0225] In the aforementioned buffer device, the number of buffer tanks 234 can be set according to the number and requirements of the large-capacity battery assembly 62. If there are multiple buffer tanks 234, they can be connected in series through connecting pipes 2302. The shape of the buffer tank 234 is not limited and can be a rectangular tank, a circular tank, or an elliptical tank, etc. A circular tank is preferred because it has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0226] In this embodiment, there is one buffer tank 234. The buffer tank 234 is an empty tank, which is not filled with any material. It is located between the flue gas manifold and the flue gas treatment unit 22, and mainly has the following functions:

[0227] First, buffer the thermally lost flue gas;

[0228] A buffer tank 234 is installed in front of the flue gas treatment unit 22. The buffer tank 234 buffers the thermal runaway flue gas, slows down the speed of the thermal runaway flue gas, and reduces the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas enters the liquid treatment tank 2301 or the ignition device 2210 at a relatively stable flow rate. The liquid treatment medium can treat the thermal runaway flue gas more fully. Alternatively, when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited by the ignition device 2210, the combustion flame is more stable, avoiding the defect that the thermal runaway flue gas with a large instantaneous pressure can quickly pass through the liquid treatment medium and cannot be fully treated, thus improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium.

[0229] Second, collect the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas;

[0230] The aforementioned high-capacity battery assembly 62 with a shared chamber contains a certain amount of free electrolyte. This free electrolyte is ejected along with the thermal runaway fumes when the high-capacity battery assembly 62 experiences thermal runaway. In particular, when the explosion relief zone is located at the bottom of the outer casing 3, almost all the free electrolyte inside the shared chamber is ejected along with the thermal runaway fumes. A buffer tank 234 is installed in front of the liquid treatment device 230. The buffer tank 234 buffers the thermal runaway fumes and performs gas-liquid separation on the thermal runaway fumes, so that the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway fumes is collected in the buffer tank 234, thereby reducing the amount of liquid treatment medium used in the subsequent liquid treatment device 230.

[0231] When the large-capacity battery module 62 experiences thermal runaway, almost all of the free electrolyte inside the large-capacity battery module 62 is ejected with the thermal runaway flue gas. The electrolyte and combustible gas are ignited together. At this time, the liquid electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas may cause hazards such as flame splashing when burning. At the same time, when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited, the electrolyte and combustible gas in the thermal runaway flue gas participate in combustion simultaneously, generating a large number of combustion flames. A large number of combustion flames may affect the devices near the ignition device 2210, posing a certain safety hazard. A buffer tank 234 is installed in front of the ignition device 2210. The buffer tank 234 buffers the thermal runaway flue gas and performs gas-liquid separation on the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas is collected in the buffer tank 234. This not only prevents the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and produce combustible gas, thus reducing the amount of combustible gas, but also ensures that when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited, only the combustible gas burns (the electrolyte has been collected by the buffer tank 234), thus reducing the size of the flame when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited and reducing the safety hazards to the surrounding environment.

[0232] Third, remove impurities from the thermal runaway flue gas;

[0233] When the large-capacity battery module 62 experiences thermal runaway, the internal temperature of each individual cell 20 is approximately between 140°C and 850°C. At this temperature, easily fusible components such as separators, plastic films, and plastic parts inside the individual cells 20 are melted by the high temperature. The molten material is ejected from the battery cavity along with the high-temperature and high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas. As it flows through the flue gas manifold to the subsequent thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, the molten material gradually solidifies and clumps as the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas decreases, which can easily block the pipelines in the flue gas treatment unit 22. At this time, by adding the buffer tank 234, the impurities such as molten material discharged with the thermal runaway flue gas will be deposited and collected in the buffer tank 234 when the thermal runaway flue gas is buffered in the buffer tank 234, thus avoiding the problem of subsequent pipeline blockage.

[0234] Fourth, collect the backflushed liquid treatment medium;

[0235] When the large-capacity battery module 62 experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas it instantaneously ejects has a high pressure. This high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas enters the liquid treatment tank 2301 through the flue gas manifold. Since the liquid treatment tank 2301 is filled with liquid treatment medium and has a diversion section 2307, the thermal runaway flue gas cannot be discharged from the liquid treatment tank 2301 in time, and pressure buildup occurs in the liquid treatment tank 2301. At this time, the following phenomenon may occur: the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301 is backflushed into the flue gas manifold by the high-pressure gas in the liquid treatment tank 2301, and the flue gas manifold becomes blocked, causing the subsequent thermal runaway flue gas to be unable to be discharged smoothly into the liquid treatment tank 2301 through the flue gas manifold.

[0236] A buffer tank 234 is added in front of the liquid treatment tank 2301. When the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301 is backflushed, the liquid treatment medium is backflushed and collected in the buffer tank 234 in front, and will not flow into the flue gas manifold, thereby avoiding the blockage problem of the flue gas manifold, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can be smoothly discharged to the liquid treatment device 230 for treatment.

[0237] like Figure 30As shown, the buffer tank 234 is provided with a smoke inlet 2341 and a smoke outlet 2342 communicating with its inner cavity. The smoke inlet 2341 is mainly used to connect with the flue gas manifold, which transports the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery module 62 to the buffer tank 234. The smoke outlet 2342 is mainly used to discharge the thermal runaway flue gas in the buffer tank 234. The aforementioned smoke inlet 2341 and smoke outlet 2342 can be specifically set on the side wall of the buffer tank 234 or on the top of the buffer tank 234. In this embodiment, both the smoke inlet 2341 and the smoke outlet 2342 are set on the top of the buffer tank 234. Setting the smoke inlet 2341 on the top of the buffer tank 234 has two advantages: first, it allows the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas to be deposited at the bottom of the buffer tank 234 under the action of gravity; second, it makes it difficult for the liquid in the buffer tank 234 to be squeezed into the flue gas manifold in front through the smoke inlet 2341 at the top. Setting the smoke outlet 2342 on the top of the buffer tank 234 has two advantages: first, it prevents the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas from being discharged smoothly; second, it allows the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas to be discharged smoothly from the buffer tank 234.

[0238] In addition, a drain valve can be installed at the bottom of the buffer tank 234 to promptly discharge the liquid inside. To facilitate the standardization and integration of energy storage equipment, the buffer tank 234 can adopt a structure similar to that of the liquid handling tank 2301.

[0239] refer to Figure 30 The flue gas treatment system in this embodiment may also include at least one safety device (each safety device includes a safety pipeline 2220 and a safety emission unit 2230).

[0240] If the flue gas treatment system lacks safety devices, the following problems may occur:

[0241] First, if multiple large-capacity battery modules 62 experience thermal runaway simultaneously, the excessive pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas may cause the explosion relief section (i.e., the explosion relief membrane in the explosion relief pipe assembly 335) of the large-capacity battery module 62 to open in the reverse direction, affecting the large-capacity battery modules 62 that have not experienced thermal runaway and creating a safety hazard. Alternatively, it may damage the seal at the connection of the flue gas manifold, causing leakage in the flue gas manifold and creating a safety hazard.

[0242] Secondly, because the liquid treatment tank 2301 is filled with liquid treatment medium and has a diversion section 2307, thermal runaway flue gas cannot be discharged from the liquid treatment tank 2301 in time. The thermal runaway flue gas accumulates and is suppressed in the flue gas manifold. When the pressure is too high, it will open the explosion relief section (i.e., the explosion relief diaphragm in the explosion relief pipe assembly 335) of the large-capacity battery module 62 in the reverse direction, affecting the large-capacity battery module 62 that has not experienced thermal runaway, creating a safety hazard. Alternatively, it may damage the seal at the connection of the flue gas manifold, causing leakage in the flue gas manifold, creating a safety hazard.

[0243] Based on this, the energy storage device in this embodiment may also include at least one safety device, which can discharge the thermal runaway flue gas through the safety device when the thermal runaway flue gas pressure in the flue gas manifold is too high, so as to avoid the safety hazards caused by excessive pressure in the flue gas manifold and improve the safety of the energy storage device.

[0244] like Figure 30 As shown, each safety device includes a safety conduit 2220 and a safety discharge section 2230. The inlet of the safety conduit 2220 is connected to the flue gas manifold or buffer tank 234, and the outlet is connected to the external environment. Alternatively, the outlet of the safety conduit 2220 is connected to the flue gas outlet 2304 of the Mth liquid treatment tank 2301, or the outlet of the safety conduit 2220 is connected to the flue gas outlet 2304 of the last solid treatment tank 231, or the outlet of the safety conduit 2220 is connected to the flue gas conduit 2321 of the ignition device 2210. The safety discharge section 2230 is installed on the safety conduit 2220, and its opening pressure is less than the opening pressure of the explosion venting membrane in the explosion venting pipe assembly 335 of the large-capacity battery pack 62 (the explosion venting pipe assembly 335 is the explosion venting section of the large-capacity battery pack 62). This safety device is used to discharge thermal runaway flue gas from the safety pipeline 2220 when the pressure of thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold is too high and a safety hazard is generated. This is to prevent the thermal runaway flue gas from affecting the large-capacity battery that has not experienced thermal runaway, or from affecting the sealing of the flue gas manifold connection, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device during use.

[0245] The aforementioned safety emission section 2230 can be implemented using the following structures: First, it employs a diaphragm or diaphragm valve; the diaphragm or diaphragm valve is installed on the safety pipeline 2220; Second, it employs a safety valve that can open under a set pressure; this safety valve can be a pressure valve that can automatically open under a certain pressure; this pressure valve has a set opening threshold, and when the pressure in the flue gas manifold exceeds this threshold, the pressure valve automatically opens, ensuring high reliability. Furthermore, the installation of the safety valve is relatively convenient; Third, it employs a pressure measuring device and a control valve; the pressure measuring device is used to monitor the pressure of the gas in the flue gas manifold, and opens the control valve when the gas pressure in the flue gas manifold exceeds the threshold. Specifically, the pressure measuring device can be a pressure sensor, and the control valve is a solenoid valve. This solenoid valve is signal-connected to the pressure measuring device, and the pressure measuring device controls the opening of the solenoid valve based on the pressure in the flue gas manifold.

[0246] Combination Figure 24 and Figure 31 In this embodiment, the fire safety system 2 may further include a secondary fire-fighting unit 021, which mainly includes a fire-fighting device 24 and a fire-fighting pipeline 25. The fire-fighting device 24 stores fire extinguishing materials, and the fire-fighting pipeline 25 is used to transport the fire extinguishing materials in the fire-fighting device 24 to the energy storage device's housing. The inlet of the fire-fighting pipeline 25 is connected to the fire-fighting device 24, and the outlet is located inside the energy storage device's housing.

[0247] In this embodiment, at least one fire extinguishing agent nozzle is installed on the fire-fighting pipeline 25. The fire extinguishing agent nozzle is located on the top of the energy storage device's enclosure, and fire extinguishing material is sprayed through the fire extinguishing agent nozzle to ensure that the fire extinguishing material can cover all the large-capacity battery modules 62. The aforementioned fire-fighting device 24 stores a certain amount of fire extinguishing material, specifically perfluorohexanone, heptafluoropropane, aerosol, water, etc. At the same time, a control valve is installed at the outlet of the fire-fighting device 24. The control valve is activated by the BMS or by a sensor installed inside the energy storage device's enclosure. When activated by the sensor, the sensor includes at least two of the following: a temperature sensor, a gas sensor, and a smoke detector. The sensors monitor the environment inside the energy storage device's enclosure in real time and open the control valve based on the detection data.

[0248] When a large-capacity battery module 62 experiences thermal runaway, the primary fire suppression unit 020 can extract and treat the thermal runaway fumes, preventing their thermal diffusion and avoiding the possibility of other batteries or even the entire energy storage device exploding due to thermal diffusion from a single large-capacity battery module 62. It also prevents the accumulation of high-temperature, high-pressure gases in a confined space, thus avoiding potential hazards. If thermal runaway fumes are present inside the energy storage device's enclosure, the secondary fire suppression unit 021 activates, spraying extinguishing agents onto the thermal runaway fumes and burning / exploding batteries inside the enclosure to further prevent further thermal runaway. The primary and secondary fire suppression units 020 and 021 can cool and extinguish the thermal runaway batteries as needed, significantly improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0249] Combination Figure 24 He Ru Figure 31 The fire safety system 2 in this embodiment may further include a three-level fire-fighting unit 022. The three-level fire-fighting unit 022 includes a fire sprinkler pipe 26 and at least one water mist nozzle 27 installed on the fire sprinkler pipe 26. The inlet of the fire sprinkler pipe 26 is used to connect to an external fire water pipe, and the water mist nozzle 27 is installed on the top of the energy storage device's casing. This fire sprinkler pipe 26 can cooperate with the two-level fire-fighting unit 021 to extinguish multiple batteries in the event of thermal runaway and large-scale fire. Alternatively, after the extinguishing agent in the two-level fire-fighting unit 021 is depleted, the three-level fire-fighting unit 022 can be activated to continue extinguishing the large-capacity battery modules 62, further enhancing the safety of the entire energy storage device. In other embodiments, the fire safety system 2 may not include a three-level fire-fighting unit 022; or, when the extinguishing agent in the two-level fire-fighting unit 021 is water, the three-level fire-fighting unit 022 is a fire water connector installed on the fire pipe 25, which is used to connect to an external fire water pipe.

[0250] The working principle of the above-mentioned fire safety system 2 is as follows:

[0251] When the large-capacity battery module 62 inside the energy storage device is working normally, the primary fire-fighting unit 020, the secondary fire-fighting unit 021, and the tertiary fire-fighting unit 022 are all inactive. When a large-capacity battery module 62 experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery module 62 is transported to the flue gas treatment unit 22 for treatment through the flue gas manifold. When the flue gas manifold leaks or the flue gas treatment device fails, and there is thermal runaway flue gas inside the energy storage device, or when the large-capacity battery module 62 burns or explodes, the secondary fire-fighting unit 021 is activated, and the fire-fighting device 24 sprays extinguishing material through the fire-fighting pipe 25. The extinguishing material prevents the thermal runaway flue gas from igniting open flames or extinguishes the already burned or exploded battery. If the fire cannot be controlled after the secondary fire-fighting unit 021 is activated, the tertiary fire-fighting unit 022 connects to the external fire-fighting water supply and uses water mist nozzles 27 to extinguish the fire. Or, if multiple large-capacity battery modules 62 simultaneously experience thermal runaway and a large open flame, the secondary fire-fighting unit 021 and the tertiary fire-fighting unit 022 will be activated simultaneously to begin extinguishing the fire.

[0252] It should be noted that when the secondary fire protection unit 021 and the tertiary fire protection unit 022 are activated, the ignition device 2210 in the primary fire protection unit 020 will not work.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized in that: Includes a fire safety system and at least one battery pack component; The fire safety system includes a primary fire protection unit, which includes a smoke manifold and a smoke treatment unit. The smoke manifold is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack component to the smoke treatment unit, which is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke. Each battery pack assembly includes a venting manifold and at least one high-capacity battery module; each high-capacity battery module includes a high-capacity battery and a heat exchange device; the high-capacity battery includes a casing and multiple individual cells; the multiple individual cells are arranged along the x-direction in the inner cavity of the casing, the casing has at least one shared chamber and a venting manifold assembly communicating with at least one shared chamber; the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavities of all individual cells; a clearance hole is provided on the top plate of the casing corresponding to the polarity terminal of each individual cell; the polarity terminal of each individual cell extends out of the corresponding clearance hole, and the clearance hole corresponds to the top plate of the casing. The area is fixedly sealed to the outer casing of the individual battery cells; the heat exchange device includes multiple heat exchange sleeves, each corresponding to a polarity terminal; each heat exchange sleeve is fitted around the corresponding polarity terminal, and an annular cavity is formed between the inner wall of the heat exchange sleeve and the side wall of the polarity terminal, which serves as a flow cavity for the heat exchange medium; the electrical connection part of the polarity terminal extends out of the heat exchange sleeve; and the top and bottom open ends of the heat exchange sleeve are sealed to the side wall of the polarity terminal; the heat exchange sleeves of adjacent individual batteries located on the same side of the polarity terminal are interconnected, forming two heat exchange channels on the top of the large-capacity battery; The explosion vent manifold is connected to the explosion vent pipe assembly of each high-capacity battery, and the outlet end of the explosion vent manifold is connected to the flue gas manifold.

2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each individual battery cell has an insulating component fitted onto its polarity terminal, and the polarity terminal is insulated from the battery cell cover plate through the insulating component. The heat exchange sleeve includes a hollow component and an annular sealing plate; two through holes are opened on the side wall of the hollow component to penetrate its inner cavity, which serve as the liquid inlet and liquid outlet respectively; the annular sealing plate is coaxial with the hollow component and is sealed and fixed at the top of the hollow component. The heat exchange sleeve is fitted onto the polar terminal, and the inner side wall of the bottom end of the hollow component of the heat exchange sleeve and the outer side wall of the insulating component are sealed and fixed. The inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate of the heat exchange sleeve is sealed and fixed to the side wall of the polar terminal. The electrical connection part of the polar terminal extends out of the inner hole of the annular sealing plate. An annular cavity is formed between the heat exchange sleeve and the polar terminal, which serves as a flow cavity for the heat exchange medium. The inlet and outlet of the heat exchange sleeve on the same side polarity terminal of adjacent single cells are connected to each other.

3. The energy storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat exchange sleeve also includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe; both the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are fixed on the side wall of the hollow component and are connected to the inlet and outlet respectively; the heat exchange sleeves of adjacent single cells located on the same side polarity terminal are connected to each other through the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe.

4. The energy storage device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hollow component, annular sealing plate, inlet pipe and outlet pipe are integrated into one piece, all made of rubber.

5. The energy storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that: On the inner wall of the hollow component, a limiting rib is provided along its axial direction, and the lower end face of the limiting rib abuts against the upper end face of the insulating component.

6. The energy storage device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A stepped structure is provided on the outer wall of the insulating component along its circumference; the inner wall of the bottom end of the hollow component and the outer wall of the insulating component are sealed and fixed, and the bottom end face of the hollow component is sealed and fixed on the stepped surface of the insulating component.

7. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The polarity terminal is provided with a functional structure, which is used to increase the heat exchange area of ​​the polarity terminal.

8. The energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The functional structure consists of n annular grooves, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; each annular groove extends circumferentially along the side wall of the polarity terminal, and the n annular grooves are arranged along the height direction of the polarity terminal.

9. The energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The functional structure is at least one through hole opened on the polarity terminal, and the through hole penetrates the polarity terminal along the x direction.

10. The energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second insulating sealant layer is provided on the top plate of the outer shell, and each heat exchange sleeve is located within the second insulating sealant layer.

11. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device, and an ignition device; The liquid handling unit is mainly used to treat the electrolyte and gas in thermal runaway flue gas; Flue gas cooling devices are mainly used for cooling thermal runaway flue gas; Solids processing devices are mainly used for adsorption treatment of gases in thermal runaway flue gas; The ignition device is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas.

12. The energy storage device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device, which includes M liquid treatment tanks. Each liquid treatment tank is equipped with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet. The first to the (M-1)th liquid treatment tanks are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is empty. Here, M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

13. The energy storage device according to claim 12, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment unit also includes an ignition device; the ignition device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank and is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

14. The energy storage device according to claim 13, characterized in that: The liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution, specifically a 0.05–0.5 mol / L NaOH solution.

15. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The primary fire protection unit also includes a buffer device, which includes at least one buffer tank. The buffer tank has a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet communicating with its inner cavity. The buffer device is located between the smoke manifold and the smoke treatment unit and is used to buffer the thermal runaway smoke.

16. The energy storage device according to claim 15, characterized in that: The primary fire protection unit also includes safety devices, which include safety pipelines and safety discharge sections. The inlets of each safety pipeline are connected to the flue gas manifold or buffer tank, and the outlets of the safety pipelines are connected to the external environment. The safety discharge section is installed on the safety pipeline, and its opening pressure is lower than that of the explosion venting section of the large-capacity battery.

17. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The flue gas manifold includes a primary manifold and a secondary manifold. The primary manifold is connected to the outlet end of the battery pack assembly explosion relief manifold, and the secondary manifold is connected to each primary manifold, which centrally transports the thermal runaway flue gas in each primary manifold to the flue gas treatment unit.

18. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The fire safety system also includes a secondary fire protection unit, which includes fire protection devices and fire protection pipelines. The fire protection devices contain fire extinguishing substances, and the fire protection pipelines are used to transport the fire extinguishing substances in the fire protection devices to the energy storage equipment.

19. The energy storage device according to claim 18, characterized in that: The fire safety system also includes a three-level fire protection unit, which includes a fire sprinkler pipeline and at least one water mist nozzle installed on the fire sprinkler pipeline. The inlet of the fire sprinkler pipeline is used to connect to an external fire water pipe.

Images