Copper ore crushing and grinding device

Abstract

A copper ore crushing and grinding device comprises a machine shell, a material inlet is formed in the center of the top of the machine shell, the interior of the machine shell is divided into a fan cavity, an impact crushing cavity and a grinding and separating cavity, and a main shaft vertically penetrates through the center of the top and the center of the bottom of the machine shell; the upper end of the main shaft penetrates through the top of the fan cavity and is driven by a driving motor located above the machine shell. A fan impeller is fixedly mounted on the main shaft; an air inlet is formed in the side wall of the top of the fan cavity; the device further comprises a backflow system, the backflow system comprises a volute type inertia separation device, the volute type inertia separation device comprises an inner volute and an outer volute which are arranged in an inner-outer nested mode, and one end of the inner volute is communicated with the interior of the grinding separation cavity. The top of the inner volute and the top of the outer volute are connected with a dust remover through a center exhaust pipe vertically extending upwards, a purified air outlet of the dust remover is communicated with the fan cavity through an air return pipe, and over-smashing and under-smashing can be effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a copper ore crushing and grinding device, belonging to the field of ore crushing technology. Background Technology

[0002] Mineral processing flow refers to the continuous processing of ore. Based on the sequence of steps, it can be roughly divided into the following steps: ore crushing, ore screening, grinding, and classification. In grinding operations, classification is usually used in conjunction to promptly separate materials of the appropriate particle size, thus avoiding over-grinding and improving grinding efficiency. However, traditional grinding equipment has the following drawbacks:

[0003] First, the equipment layout is scattered and occupies a large area. The transfer of materials between the equipment requires a complex conveying system, resulting in a long process, high energy consumption, serious dust emission, and a harsh working environment. Second, traditional crushing and grinding equipment often lacks efficient internal particle size classification and return mechanisms, which easily leads to the coexistence of "over-crushing" and "under-crushing" of materials. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the existing technology, this utility model provides a copper ore crushing and grinding device, which can effectively avoid over-crushing and under-crushing, ensure uniform product particle size, and solve the problem of fugitive dust emission during material transfer.

[0005] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A copper ore crushing and grinding device includes a casing with a material inlet at the top center. The interior of the casing is divided into a fan chamber, an impact crushing chamber, and a grinding separation chamber from top to bottom. A main shaft runs vertically through the top and bottom centers of the casing. The upper end of the main shaft passes through the top of the fan chamber and is driven by a drive motor located above the casing. A fan impeller is fixedly mounted on the main shaft. An air inlet is provided on the top side wall of the fan chamber. The device also includes a reflux system, which includes a volute-type inertial separation device. The volute-type inertial separation device includes an inner volute and an outer volute nested together. One end of the inner volute communicates with the interior of the grinding separation chamber. The tops of the inner and outer volutes are connected to a dust collector via a vertically upward-extending central exhaust pipe. The clean air outlet of the dust collector is connected to the fan chamber via a return air pipe.

[0007] The inner volute is a conical cylindrical body in the shape of a volute, with its large end opening serving as a tangential feed inlet that connects to the outlet of the grinding and separating chamber. The outer volute has a qualified material outlet at its small end. Multiple screening holes are formed on the conical wall of the inner volute. An annular particle collection chamber is formed between the outer and inner volutes. A particle return port is formed at the bottom of the inner volute, which is connected to a return conveyor via a return channel. The outlet of the return conveyor leads to the feed area of ​​the impact crushing chamber. The bottom end of the central exhaust pipe is connected to the center of the top of the inner volute.

[0008] The impact crushing chamber and the blower chamber are separated by a horizontal intermediate partition, and the impact crushing chamber and the grinding and separating chamber are separated by a sieve plate. A tangential air inlet channel is provided at the upper part of the impact crushing chamber, and the other end of the air inlet channel passes upward through the intermediate partition and is connected to the blower chamber, so that the high-pressure airflow in the blower chamber can enter the impact crushing chamber through the air inlet channel. The sieve plate is provided with a number of sieve holes.

[0009] The sieve plate is hinged at one end to the main shaft and at the other end to an arc-shaped sliding plate. A sliding cavity for accommodating the arc-shaped sliding plate is provided on the side wall of the impact crushing chamber. A spring is directly installed between the sliding cavity and the bottom of the arc-shaped sliding plate. A cam is installed on the main shaft via a bevel gear at a position corresponding to the area below the sieve plate. Multiple freely swinging impact hammers are hinged to the portion of the main shaft within the impact crushing chamber. An annular impact liner is fixedly installed on the inner side of the peripheral wall of the impact crushing chamber. The material inlet leads into the top of the impact crushing chamber.

[0010] The grinding separation chamber includes a grinding rotor fixedly mounted on the main shaft and an annular grinding liner fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the grinding separation chamber. An annular grinding channel is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the grinding rotor and the inner circumferential surface of the annular grinding liner. The bottom outlet of the grinding channel is connected to the tangential feed port of the inner volute.

[0011] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0012] This invention integrates the fan chamber, impact crushing chamber, and grinding separation chamber coaxially from top to bottom along the main shaft, and cooperates with a closed-loop airflow system consisting of a fan impeller, air inlet channel, volute inertial separation device, and return air duct, to achieve integrated and coordinated operation of impact crushing, airflow conveying, fine grinding, and three-stage separation.

[0013] The volute-type inertial separator, through the combination of centrifugal force, screening holes and annular collection chamber, continuously completes three-stage precise separation in a single component: collection of qualified products, return of uncrushed large particles and separation of dust. This effectively avoids over-grinding and under-grinding, ensuring uniform product particle size and significantly reducing energy consumption.

[0014] The closed-loop airflow system traps dust within the system and circulates it, where it is centrally processed by a high-efficiency dust collector. Combined with the active downward conveying of materials by the airflow within the impact crushing chamber, dust escape is prevented at the source, achieving a clean production effect that avoids dust leakage.

[0015] The ejector unblocking mechanism, consisting of a screening plate, cam, spring, etc., can periodically throw up retained particles, effectively preventing screen blockage and ensuring the continuous, stable, and efficient operation of the crushing process. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the volute-type inertial separation device of this utility model.

[0018] The reference numerals in the figure are as follows:

[0019] 1. Casing; 2. Fan Chamber; 3. Impact Crushing Chamber; 4. Grinding and Separation Chamber; 101. Material Inlet; 13. Main Shaft; 14. Drive Motor; 15. Intermediate Partition; 21. Fan Impeller; 22. Air Inlet; 31. Air Inlet Channel; 32. Screening Plate; 33. Sliding Chamber; 34. Spring; 35. Cam; 36. Impact Hammer; 37. Annular Impact Liner; 41. Dust Collector; 401. Grinding Rotor; 42. Return Air Pipe; 43. Grinding Channel; 44. Annular Grinding Liner; 45. Central Exhaust Pipe; 51. Inner Volute; 52. Outer Volute; 54. Return Conveyor; 321. Arc-shaped Slide Plate; 511. Tangential Feed Inlet; 512. Screening Through Hole; 513. Qualified Material Outlet; 521. Particle Collection Chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] Please see Figures 1 to 2 The utility model provides a technical solution:

[0022] The copper ore crushing and grinding device of this embodiment includes a housing 1. A material inlet 101 is provided at the center of the top of the housing 1. The interior of the housing 1 is divided into a fan chamber 2, an impact crushing chamber 3, and a grinding and separating chamber 4 from top to bottom. A main shaft 13 is vertically inserted through the center of the top and bottom of the housing 1. The upper end of the main shaft 13 passes through the top of the fan chamber 2 and is driven by a drive motor 14 located above the housing 1. A fan impeller 21 is fixedly installed on the main shaft 13. An air inlet 22 is opened on the top side wall of the fan chamber 2. The device also includes a reflux system, which includes a volute-type inertial separation device. The volute-type inertial separation device includes an inner volute 51 and an outer volute 52 nested inside and outside. One end of the inner volute 51 is connected to the interior of the grinding and separating chamber 4. The top of the inner volute 51 and the outer volute 52 is connected to a dust collector 41 through a vertically upward-extending central exhaust pipe 45. The clean air outlet of the dust collector 41 is connected to the fan chamber 2 through a return air pipe 42.

[0023] The housing 1 serves as the main support and sealing structure of the entire device. It adopts a vertical cylindrical design, which can effectively withstand the impact and vibration brought about by internal operations, while facilitating the smooth flow of materials from top to bottom. The interior of the housing 1 is divided into a fan chamber 2, an impact crushing chamber 3, and a grinding and separation chamber 4 by horizontally arranged partitions, integrating functional modules such as crushing, grinding, sorting, and dust removal into a sealed housing 1.

[0024] The material inlet 101, located at the top center of the casing 1, serves as the feeding channel for copper ore. Its central position helps the material fall evenly into the impact crushing chamber 3 below. Under the influence of gravity and airflow, the material passes through each chamber sequentially, ensuring a smooth and enclosed flow.

[0025] The aforementioned reflux system is crucial for achieving closed-loop operation and dust-free processing in this device. It comprises a volute-type inertial separator, a central exhaust pipe 45, a dust collector 41, and a return air duct 42, forming a complete gas circulation path. The workflow is as follows: after completing its work within the grinding and separation chamber 4, the airflow carrying materials and dust enters the volute-type inertial separator for gas-solid separation. The separated dust-laden gas is then discharged through the vertically extending central exhaust pipe 45 and enters the dust collector 41, such as a bag filter. Within the dust collector 41, dust is efficiently captured, and the purified clean gas is discharged from the clean gas outlet and returned to the air inlet 22 at the top of the fan chamber 2 via the return air duct 42. This design ensures a closed-loop flow of working gas within the system, completely confining dust within the system for processing, solving the dust escape problem in traditional open-type grinding processes, and simultaneously achieving energy recycling.

[0026] The inner volute 51 is a volute-shaped conical cylinder. The large end of the inner volute 51 is opened as a tangential feed inlet 511, which is connected to the outlet of the grinding and separating chamber 4. The small end of the outer volute 52 has a qualified material outlet 513. Multiple screening holes 512 are opened on the conical wall of the inner volute 51. An annular particle collection chamber 521 is formed between the outer volute 52 and the inner volute 51. The bottom of the outer volute 52 has a particle return port, which is connected to the return conveyor 54 through the return channel. The outlet of the return conveyor 54 leads to the feed area of ​​the impact crushing chamber 3. The bottom end of the central exhaust pipe 45 is connected to the top center of the inner volute 51.

[0027] The inner volute 51 is the component of this separation device that enables material classification. Its unique volute-shaped conical cylinder structure has the dual functions of inertial separation and flow guidance. The large end opening serves as a tangential feed inlet 511. This design allows the material and airflow from the grinding and separation chamber 4 to enter the inner volute 51 at high speed in a tangential direction, thereby immediately forming a high-speed rotating vortex within the cylinder, providing initial conditions for centrifugal-force-based inertial separation. The cylinder is conical, with its cross-sectional area gradually decreasing from the large end to the small end. This structure helps maintain and accelerate the speed of the rotating airflow, enhancing the centrifugal force field. The qualified material outlet 513 at the bottom of the small end is used to collect and discharge the final product with qualified particle size (larger mass) that has been thrown against the cylinder wall and slid down the wall surface under centrifugal force.

[0028] Multiple screening holes 512 opened on the conical wall of the inner volute 51 are the structure for achieving secondary separation in this device, namely separating large particles that are not completely crushed. These holes are evenly distributed. When the material rotates inside the inner volute 51, the qualified fine particles adhere tightly to the wall surface under the action of strong centrifugal force and enter the particle collection chamber 521 through the holes. The larger particles, under the combined action of internal airflow pressure and centrifugal force, enter the particle return port and are returned by the return conveyor 54. Specifically, the return conveyor 54 can be any existing feeding structure, such as a screw conveyor or pneumatic conveying device, as long as it can realize the return of materials.

[0029] This system ensures that substandard materials can be automatically and continuously sent back to the previous process for re-grinding until their particle size meets the requirements, thereby greatly improving the overall grinding efficiency and the consistency of product particle size.

[0030] The bottom end of the central exhaust pipe 45 is connected to the top center of the inner volute 51, which is the region where the rotating airflow vortex core (i.e., the low-pressure center) is located. In the strong centrifugal force field, the centrifugal force on the extremely light dust particles is insufficient to make them reach the cylinder wall, so they are bound in the airflow center and move with the rising airflow.

[0031] The impact crushing chamber 3 and the blower chamber 2 are separated by a horizontal intermediate partition 15, and the impact crushing chamber 3 and the grinding and separating chamber 4 are separated by a sieve plate 32. A tangential air inlet channel 31 is provided at the upper part of the impact crushing chamber 3. The other end of the air inlet channel 31 passes upward through the intermediate partition 15 and is connected to the blower chamber 2, so that the high-pressure airflow in the blower chamber 2 can enter the impact crushing chamber 3 through the air inlet channel 31. The sieve plate 32 is provided with a number of sieve holes.

[0032] Specifically, the "high-pressure airflow" is a relative concept relative to the system's own resistance and functional requirements. It specifically refers to the airflow generated by the rotation of the fan impeller 21 within the fan chamber 2, whose dynamic and static pressure values ​​are sufficient to overcome the airflow path resistance within the entire device and effectively complete the material conveying and sorting tasks. This airflow must have sufficient energy (dynamic pressure) to penetrate the falling material curtain after entering the impact crushing chamber 3, fully entraining the crushed qualified material particles to form a gas-solid two-phase flow, and propel this two-phase flow stably through the screening plate 32 and grinding channel 43, finally entering the volute inertial separation device. At the same time, its static pressure must be able to overcome the frictional resistance along the process, local resistance (such as the screen plate, grinding chamber, etc.), and the filtration resistance of the dust collector 41.

[0033] One end of the screening plate 32 is hinged to the main shaft 13, and the other end is hinged to an arc-shaped sliding plate 321; the side wall of the impact crushing chamber 3 is provided with a sliding cavity 33 for accommodating the arc-shaped sliding plate 321, and a spring 34 is directly installed in the sliding cavity 33 and the bottom of the arc-shaped sliding plate 321; the main shaft 13 is equipped with a cam 35 via a bevel gear at a position corresponding to the lower part of the screening plate 32; a plurality of freely swinging impact hammers 36 are hinged to the part of the main shaft 13 inside the impact crushing chamber 3; an annular impact liner 37 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the peripheral wall of the impact crushing chamber 3; the material inlet 101 enters the top of the impact crushing chamber 3.

[0034] The impact crushing chamber 3 is the core functional unit of this device for primary ore crushing. Located below the blower chamber 2 and above the grinding and separating chamber 4, it is responsible for crushing the input lumpy copper ore to a particle size suitable for subsequent grinding. The upper part of the impact crushing chamber 3 is equipped with an air inlet channel 31 to introduce airflow, and an annular impact liner 37 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the peripheral wall. The bottom is equipped with a screening plate 32 with a special unblocking function. The main shaft 13 runs through the center of the chamber, driving the impact hammer 36 to rotate at high speed. The entire chamber constitutes a highly efficient crushing space integrating impact crushing, impact collision, airflow conveying, and dynamic screening.

[0035] Inside the impact crushing chamber 3, multiple freely swinging impact hammers 36 are hinged to the main shaft 13. This hinged design allows the impact hammers 36 to be thrown open under centrifugal force during high-speed rotation, violently impacting the material; when encountering extremely hard or uncrushable materials, the impact hammers 36 can swing to yield, providing overload protection and preventing damage to the equipment. The annular impact liner 37, fixedly installed on the chamber wall, works in conjunction with the impact hammers 36. After initial impact by the impact hammers 36, the high-speed material particles are thrown towards the annular impact liner 37, undergoing secondary crushing. The material then rebounds from the annular impact liner 37, potentially falling back into the hammer's trajectory to receive multiple impacts, or colliding with other falling materials to form layered crushing, thereby greatly improving crushing efficiency and crushing ratio.

[0036] The screening plate 32 serves as the bottom seal and particle size control component of the impact crushing chamber 3, with screening holes for sieving out qualified particles. One end of the screening plate 32 is hinged to the main shaft 13, allowing it to swing at a certain angle around this hinge point. The other end is hinged to an arc-shaped sliding plate 321, which is housed within a sliding cavity 33 specially provided on the side wall of the impact crushing chamber 3. A spring 34 is directly installed between the bottom of the sliding cavity 33 and the arc-shaped sliding plate 321. Simultaneously, a cam 35 is mounted on the main shaft 13 below the screening plate 32 via a bevel gear mechanism. When the main shaft 13 rotates, the transmission direction is changed via the bevel gear, driving the cam 35 to rotate. The contour of the cam 35 periodically presses down on the arc-shaped sliding plate 321, compressing the spring 34 and accumulating energy; when the cam 35 passes its highest point, the spring 34 rapidly releases energy, pushing the arc-shaped sliding plate 321 and the screening plate 32 to bounce rapidly around the hinge point. This periodic bouncing motion effectively throws up large particles stuck on the surface of the screening plate 32, allowing them to re-enter the impact zone above for crushing. At the same time, it shakes off particles clogging the screen holes, solving the clogging problem of the screening plate 32. Furthermore, the re-crushing ensures the continuity and stability of material conveying.

[0037] The grinding separation chamber 4 includes a grinding rotor 401 fixedly installed on the main shaft 13, and an annular grinding liner 44 fixedly installed on the inner wall of the grinding separation chamber 4. An annular grinding channel 43 is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the grinding rotor 401 and the inner peripheral surface of the annular grinding liner 44. The bottom outlet of the grinding channel 43 is connected to the tangential feed port 511 of the inner volute 51.

[0038] It is worth noting that traditional screens can only mechanically intercept and separate materials based on their two-dimensional geometry, but cannot distinguish particles with different densities. For example, a small piece of high-density useful metal mineral and a large piece of low-density gangue may be classified into the same category on a screen, leading to inaccurate sorting, loss of useful minerals, or a decrease in product grade. The volute-type inertial separator in this solution introduces a third dimension: mass and inertia. When the ground material is mixed with the airflow, it enters the annular space of the volute-type inertial separator at high speed and tangentially, immediately forming a strong rotating flow field. In this flow field, each particle is subjected to a powerful centrifugal force. Where m is the particle mass, ω is the angular velocity, r is the radius of rotation, and r is the combined effect of the airflow drag force. High-density, high-mass qualified copper mineral particles (such as chalcopyrite), due to their large mass m value, experience a centrifugal force far greater than the airflow drag force. Therefore, they are violently thrown against the outer wall of the volute and spiral down along the wall, ultimately being discharged as concentrate from the qualified material outlet 513. Conversely, low-density, extremely light dust particles have a very small mass m value. The centrifugal force they experience is insufficient to resist the airflow drag force, so they are "encased" by the airflow, remaining in the low-pressure zone at the center of the rotating flow field. They are then extracted from the central exhaust pipe 45 at the top with the rising airflow, achieving efficient dust separation. Simultaneously, particles with acceptable particle size but slightly lower density, or slightly larger particle size but higher density, experience a critical balance between the centrifugal force and the airflow drag force. They undergo complex spiral motion within the volute, resulting in longer residence time and more collision opportunities, achieving secondary dissociation or ultimately being precisely sorted to the corresponding outlet.

[0039] The embodiments described above merely illustrate specific implementations of this utility model, and while the descriptions are detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A copper ore crushing and grinding device, characterized in that: The device includes a housing (1), with a material inlet (101) at the top center. The interior of the housing (1) is divided into a fan chamber (2), an impact crushing chamber (3), and a grinding and separation chamber (4) from top to bottom. A main shaft (13) is vertically inserted through the top and bottom centers of the housing (1). The upper end of the main shaft (13) passes through the top of the fan chamber (2) and is driven by a drive motor (14) located above the housing (1). A fan impeller (21) is fixedly installed on the main shaft (13). The top sidewall of the fan chamber (2) is opened. It has an air inlet (22); the copper ore crushing and grinding device also includes a reflux system, the reflux system includes a volute inertial separation device, the volute inertial separation device includes an inner volute (51) and an outer volute (52) nested inside and outside, and one end of the inner volute (51) is connected to the inside of the grinding and separation chamber (4), the top of the inner volute (51) and the outer volute (52) are connected to a dust collector (41) through a vertically upward-extending central exhaust pipe (45), and the clean air outlet of the dust collector (41) is connected to the fan chamber (2) through a return air pipe (42).

2. The copper ore crushing and grinding device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The inner volute (51) is a volute-shaped conical cylinder. The large end opening of the inner volute (51) serves as a tangential feed inlet (511), which connects to the outlet of the grinding and separating chamber (4). The small end of the outer volute (52) has a qualified material outlet (513). Multiple screening holes (512) are provided on the conical wall of the inner volute (51). An annular particle collection chamber (521) is formed between the outer volute (52) and the inner volute (51). A particle return port is provided at the bottom of the inner volute (51), which is connected to a return conveyor (54) through a return channel. The outlet of the return conveyor (54) leads to the feed area of ​​the impact crushing chamber (3). The bottom end of the central exhaust pipe (45) is connected to the top center of the inner volute (51).

3. The copper ore crushing and grinding device as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The impact crushing chamber (3) and the blower chamber (2) are separated by a horizontal intermediate partition (15), and the impact crushing chamber (3) and the grinding separation chamber (4) are separated by a sieve plate (32); a tangential air inlet channel (31) is provided at the upper part of the impact crushing chamber (3), and the other end of the air inlet channel (31) passes upward through the intermediate partition (15) and is connected to the blower chamber (2), so that the high-pressure airflow in the blower chamber (2) can enter the impact crushing chamber (3) through the air inlet channel (31); the sieve plate (32) is provided with a number of sieve holes.

4. The copper ore crushing and grinding device as described in claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the screening plate (32) is hinged to the main shaft (13), and the other end is hinged to an arc-shaped sliding plate (321); the side wall of the impact crushing chamber (3) is provided with a sliding cavity (33) for accommodating the arc-shaped sliding plate (321), and a spring (34) is directly installed on the bottom of the sliding cavity (33) and the arc-shaped sliding plate (321); the main shaft (13) is equipped with a cam (35) via a bevel gear at a position corresponding to the bottom of the screening plate (32); a number of freely swinging impact hammers (36) are hinged to the part of the main shaft (13) inside the impact crushing chamber (3); an annular impact liner (37) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the peripheral wall of the impact crushing chamber (3); the material inlet (101) enters the top of the impact crushing chamber (3).

5. The copper ore crushing and grinding device as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The grinding separation chamber (4) includes a grinding rotor (401) fixedly installed on the main shaft (13) and an annular grinding liner (44) fixedly installed on the inner wall of the grinding separation chamber (4). An annular grinding channel (43) is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the grinding rotor (401) and the inner peripheral surface of the annular grinding liner (44). The bottom outlet of the grinding channel (43) is connected to the tangential feed port (511) of the inner volute (51).

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