Gas hot blast stove

Abstract

The utility model discloses a gas hot blast stove which comprises a gas pipe, a combustion chamber, a heat exchange pipe and a control terminal, the gas pipe is provided with a flow valve, and the flow valve is used for adjusting the gas flow of the gas pipe; the gas pipe is communicated with the combustion chamber, so that gas is combusted in the combustion chamber to generate hot gas; an air flow is formed in the heat exchange pipe, the heat exchange pipe penetrates through the combustion chamber, so that the air flow and hot air are subjected to heat exchange in the combustion chamber to form hot air, a thermocouple is arranged at an air outlet of the heat exchange pipe, the thermocouple is used for detecting the temperature of the hot air, and the thermocouple is connected with the control terminal. The control terminal is connected to the flow valve and controls the opening degree of the flow valve according to the detected hot air temperature. According to the utility model, the opening degree of the flow valve is adjusted according to the detected hot air temperature, so that the gas flow is adjusted and controlled to control the combustion fire power, and the hot air at the set temperature is formed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to hot -blast production technical field, especially a gas hot -blast furnace. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the hot -blast production process, gas furnace is used as a kind of energy conversion equipment, and the chemical energy of fuel combustion is used to heat air, so that the heated air is discharged to form hot -blast along with air flow. In this way, the temperature of the discharged hot -blast is related to the combustion fire power, but the existing gas furnace cannot control the combustion fire power, and the heat exchange efficiency is not high, so that the hot -blast of set temperature cannot be formed. SUMMARY

[0003] The utility model discloses a gas hot -blast furnace, realize the control to the combustion fire power, to improve the heat exchange efficiency, so that the hot -blast of set temperature is formed.

[0004] To realize the above-mentioned purpose, the gas hot -blast furnace provided by the utility model, include: gas pipe, combustion chamber, heat exchange pipe and control terminal, the gas pipe is used to provide gas, the gas pipe is equipped with flow valve, the flow valve is used to adjust the gas flow of the gas pipe, the gas pipe is communicated with the combustion chamber, so that the gas is combusted in the combustion chamber to produce hot gas, the heat exchange pipe is formed with air flow, the heat exchange pipe is worn the combustion chamber, so that air flow and hot gas carry out heat exchange in the combustion chamber and form hot -blast, the air outlet of the heat exchange pipe is provided with thermocouple, the thermocouple is used to detect hot -blast temperature, the thermocouple is connected with the control terminal, the control terminal is connected to the flow valve, and the control terminal controls the opening of the flow valve according to the detected hot -blast temperature.

[0005] Optionally, the heat exchange pipe includes air inlet section, heat exchange section and air outlet section arranged in sequence, the heat exchange section is arranged in the combustion chamber, the heat exchange section is provided with air passing hole, so that the flowing air and the generated hot gas are contacted and heat exchanged, and the air outlet section is provided with the thermocouple.

[0006] Optionally, the heat exchange pipe includes a plurality of heat exchange sections arranged side by side, and the two ends of the plurality of heat exchange sections are respectively communicated with the air inlet section and the air outlet section, and the air flow of the air inlet section flows to the air outlet section after passing through the plurality of heat exchange sections.

[0007] Optionally, the heat exchange section is provided with a heat conduction plate, the heat conduction plate is arranged along the length direction of the heat exchange section, and the flowing air and the generated hot gas are heat exchanged through the heat conduction plate and then flow out.

[0008] Optionally, a plurality of through holes are formed on the surface of the heat-conducting plate, the through holes are distributed along the length direction of the heat-conducting plate, and a flow guide plate is arranged at each through hole, and two adjacent flow guide plates are arranged on the two sides of the heat-conducting plate.

[0009] Optionally, the gas pipe comprises a combustible gas pipe, a combustion-supporting gas pipe and a gas mixing pipe, the combustible gas pipe and the combustion-supporting gas pipe are respectively connected to one end of the gas mixing pipe, the other end of the gas mixing pipe is connected to the combustion chamber, and the combustible gas pipe and the combustion-supporting gas pipe are respectively provided with the flow valve.

[0010] Optionally, an air blower is arranged at the end of the combustion-supporting gas pipe away from the gas mixing pipe, and the air outlet of the air blower is connected to the combustion-supporting gas pipe, so that air from the outside flows to the combustion-supporting gas pipe under the action of the air blower.

[0011] Optionally, a filter, a first pressure gauge, a pressure regulating valve and a second pressure gauge are sequentially arranged on the combustible gas pipe, so that the introduced combustible gas sequentially flows through the filter, the first pressure gauge, the pressure regulating valve and the second pressure gauge.

[0012] Optionally, the combustion chamber is provided with an igniter and a burner, the igniter is arranged at the combustion nozzle of the burner, and the burner is connected to the gas mixing pipe, so that the gas flowing out of the gas mixing pipe is ignited and burned at the burner.

[0013] Optionally, a heat insulation layer is arranged in the combustion chamber, the heat insulation layer surrounds the combustion chamber and forms a closed space, and the heat exchange pipe penetrates through the closed space.

[0014] In the technical scheme of the utility model, the gas pipe is provided with the flow valve, the flow valve is used for adjusting the gas flow of the gas pipe, the gas pipe is used for providing gas to the combustion chamber, the gas is burned in the combustion chamber to generate hot gas, the heat exchange pipe penetrates through the combustion chamber, the heat exchange pipe forms the airflow, the airflow exchanges heat with the hot gas in the combustion chamber to form the hot air, the outlet of the heat exchange pipe is provided with the thermocouple, the thermocouple is used for detecting the temperature of the hot air, the thermocouple is connected with the control terminal, and the control terminal is connected with the flow valve, so that the control terminal adjusts the opening of the flow valve according to the detected temperature of the hot air, thereby controlling the gas flow to realize the control of the combustion power, and the hot air of the set temperature is formed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme in the embodiments of the utility model or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the following embodiment or prior art description will be briefly introduced, and obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model, and other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative labor for those skilled in the art.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structure schematic view of the gas hot air furnace of the embodiment of the present application.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a structure schematic view of the gas hot air furnace of the embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 It is an internal structure view of the gas hot air furnace.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a principle view of the gas hot air furnace. Figure 1 It is a principle view of the gas hot air furnace.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a principle view of the gas hot air furnace. Figure 1 It is a principle view of the gas hot air furnace.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a principle view of the gas hot air furnace. Figure 4 It is a principle view of the gas hot air furnace.

[0021] Explanation of the attached drawings:

[0022] Name Reference Name Reference Gas pipe 100 Igniter 310 Combustible gas pipe 110 Burner 330 Filter 111 Heat exchange pipe 500 First pressure gauge 112 Air inlet section 510 Pressure regulating valve 113 Heat exchange section 520 Second pressure gauge 114 Air passage hole 520a First flow valve 115 Heat conducting plate 521 Combustion-supporting gas pipe 130 Through hole 521a Blower 131 Deflector 522 Second flow valve 132 Air outlet section 530 Gas mixing pipe 150 Thermocouple 531 Combustion chamber 300 Heat insulation layer 600

[0023] The realization, functional features and advantages of the present application will be further described with reference to the attached drawings in combination with the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the attached drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative work under the premise that the specific working conditions are changed, all belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0025] It should be noted that all the directionality indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement condition, etc. between the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the attached drawings), if the specific posture is changed, the directionality indications will also be changed accordingly.

[0026] Reference is made to Figures 1 to 5As shown in the utility model one embodiment, gas hot air furnace includes: gas pipe 100, combustion chamber 300, heat exchange pipe 500 and control terminal, gas pipe 100 is used to provide gas, gas pipe 100 is equipped with flow valve, flow valve is used to adjust the gas flow of gas pipe 100, gas pipe 100 is communicated with combustion chamber 300, to make gas burn in combustion chamber 300 and produce hot gas, heat exchange pipe 500 forms airflow, heat exchange pipe 500 is arranged in combustion chamber 300, to make airflow and hot gas exchange heat in combustion chamber 300 and form hot air, the gas outlet of heat exchange pipe 500 is provided with thermocouple 531, thermocouple 531 is used to detect hot air temperature, thermocouple 531 is connected with control terminal, control terminal is connected to flow valve, and control terminal controls the opening of flow valve according to the detected hot air temperature.

[0027] The technical scheme of the utility model, gas pipe 100 is equipped with flow valve, flow valve is used to adjust the gas flow of gas pipe 100, gas pipe 100 is used to provide gas for combustion chamber 300, gas burns in combustion chamber 300 and produces hot gas, heat exchange pipe 500 is arranged in combustion chamber 300, heat exchange pipe 500 forms airflow, to make airflow and hot gas exchange heat in combustion chamber 300 and form hot air, the gas outlet of heat exchange pipe 500 is provided with thermocouple 531, thermocouple 531 is used to detect hot air temperature, thermocouple 531 is connected with control terminal, control terminal is connected to flow valve, and control terminal controls the opening of flow valve according to the detected hot air temperature, to regulate and control gas flow and realize the control of combustion power, to form the hot air of set temperature.

[0028] It should be noted that heat exchange pipe 500 is prepared from heat-conducting material, and the airflow in heat exchange pipe 500 and the hot gas outside heat exchange pipe 500 contact the heat-conducting material to exchange heat. Of course, to enhance the heat exchange effect, the airflow and the hot gas can be directly contacted through the air passing hole 520a in the heat exchange pipe 500, and the heat exchange is realized through the direct contact of the airflow and the hot gas, so as to enhance the heat exchange efficiency. Of course, the air inlet and the air outlet of the heat exchange pipe 500 can be respectively provided with thermocouples 531, the airflow inlet temperature and the airflow outlet temperature of the heat exchange pipe 500 are detected by the thermocouples 531, and the opening of the flow valve is controlled by the control terminal according to the detected temperature of the thermocouples 531. In the embodiment, the gas hot air furnace includes a support, the support is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the combustion chamber 300 is arranged on the upper layer of the support, the gas pipe 100 is arranged on the lower layer of the support, and one side of the gas pipe 100 on the lower layer is communicated with the combustion chamber 300 on the upper layer, so that the combustion chamber 300 is ignited to burn gas.

[0029] Referring to Figures 1 to 5As shown in the embodiment of the present application, the heat exchange pipe 500 comprises the air inlet section 510, the heat exchange section 520 and the air outlet section 530 which are sequentially arranged, the heat exchange section 520 is arranged in the combustion chamber 300, the heat exchange section 520 is provided with the air passing hole 520a, so that the flowing air and the generated hot air are in contact and heat exchange, and the air outlet section 530 is provided with the thermocouple 531. It should be noted that the air exhaust fan can be arranged in the air outlet section 530 in the embodiment, the air inlet of the air exhaust fan is communicated with the air outlet section 530, so that the air flow along the air inlet section 510 to the air outlet section 530 is formed under the influence of the air exhaust of the air exhaust fan, the air flow passes through the heat exchange section 520 of the combustion chamber 300 in the process of flowing, the air flow in the heat exchange section 520 and the hot air outside the heat exchange section 520 are in direct contact through the air passing hole 520a to perform heat exchange, so that the heat exchange efficiency is enhanced. Of course, a plurality of air passing holes 520a which are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the heat exchange pipe 500 can be arranged in the embodiment, and the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the above is within the protection scope of the present application.

[0030] Referring to Figures 1 to 5 As shown in the embodiment of the present application, the heat exchange pipe 500 comprises the air inlet section 510, the heat exchange section 520 and the air outlet section 530 which are sequentially arranged, the heat exchange section 520 is arranged in the combustion chamber 300, the heat exchange section 520 is provided with the air passing hole 520a, so that the flowing air and the generated hot air are in contact and heat exchange, and the air outlet section 530 is provided with the thermocouple 531. It should be noted that the air exhaust fan can be arranged in the air outlet section 530 in the embodiment, the air inlet of the air exhaust fan is communicated with the air outlet section 530, so that the air flow along the air inlet section 510 to the air outlet section 530 is formed under the influence of the air exhaust of the air exhaust fan, the air flow passes through the heat exchange section 520 of the combustion chamber 300 in the process of flowing, the air flow in the heat exchange section 520 and the hot air outside the heat exchange section 520 are in direct contact through the air passing hole 520a to perform heat exchange, so that the heat exchange efficiency is enhanced. Of course, a plurality of air passing holes 520a which are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the heat exchange pipe 500 can be arranged in the embodiment, and the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the above is within the protection scope of the present application.

[0031] Referring to Figures 1 to 5 As shown in the embodiment of the present application, the heat exchange pipe 500 comprises the air inlet section 510, the heat exchange section 520 and the air outlet section 530 which are sequentially arranged, the heat exchange section 520 is arranged in the combustion chamber 300, the heat exchange section 520 is provided with the air passing hole 520a, so that the flowing air and the generated hot air are in contact and heat exchange, and the air outlet section 530 is provided with the thermocouple 531. It should be noted that the air exhaust fan can be arranged in the air outlet section 530 in the embodiment, the air inlet of the air exhaust fan is communicated with the air outlet section 530, so that the air flow along the air inlet section 510 to the air outlet section 530 is formed under the influence of the air exhaust of the air exhaust fan, the air flow passes through the heat exchange section 520 of the combustion chamber 300 in the process of flowing, the air flow in the heat exchange section 520 and the hot air outside the heat exchange section 520 are in direct contact through the air passing hole 520a to perform heat exchange, so that the heat exchange efficiency is enhanced. Of course, a plurality of air passing holes 520a which are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the heat exchange pipe 500 can be arranged in the embodiment, and the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the above is within the protection scope of the present application.

[0032] Referring to Figures 1 to 5As shown in the utility model one embodiment, the surface of the heat conduction plate 521 is provided with a plurality of through holes 521a, the plurality of through holes 521a is distributed along the length direction of the heat conduction plate 521, a flow guide plate 522 is arranged at each through hole 521a, and the two adjacent flow guide plates 522 are arranged on the two sides of the heat conduction plate 521 in an inclined manner. It should be noted that the flow guide plate 522 is made of heat-conducting material, the two adjacent flow guide plates 522 are arranged on the two sides of the heat conduction plate 521 in an inclined manner, and a heat conduction plate 521 is arranged at each through hole 521a, so as to enhance the heat conduction of the airflow on both sides of the heat conduction plate 521, further enhance the heat conduction, improve the heat exchange effect of the airflow and hot air, and ensure the discharge of hot air at the set temperature.

[0033] Referring to Figures 1 to 5 As shown in the utility model one embodiment, the gas pipe 100 includes a combustible gas pipe 110, a combustion-supporting gas pipe 130 and a mixing pipe 150, the combustible gas pipe 110 and the combustion-supporting gas pipe 130 are communicated with one end of the mixing pipe 150 respectively, the other end of the mixing pipe 150 is communicated with the combustion chamber 300, and the combustible gas pipe 110 and the combustion-supporting gas pipe 130 are respectively provided with flow valves. It should be noted that the combustible gas pipe 110 is provided with a first flow valve 115 in the embodiment, the combustion-supporting gas pipe 130 is provided with a second flow valve 132, and the first flow valve 115 and the second flow valve 132 are connected to a control terminal in the embodiment. The control terminal controls the opening degree of the first flow valve 115 and the second flow valve 132 according to the detected hot air temperature, so as to adjust the flow ratio of the combustion-supporting gas and the combustible gas. Of course, the combustible gas is natural gas, and the combustion-supporting gas can be air. When the hot air temperature is low, the control terminal adjusts the flow ratio of the air and the natural gas by controlling the first flow valve 115 and the second flow valve 132, so that the natural gas is fully burned in the air atmosphere, the combustion firepower is improved, and the hot air temperature at the outlet is ensured. In the embodiment, the combustible gas and the combustion-supporting gas flow to the mixing pipe 150 through the combustible gas pipe 110 and the combustion-supporting gas pipe 130 respectively. In order to ensure the full mixing of the combustible gas and the combustion-supporting gas, the length of the mixing pipe 150 can be adjusted in the embodiment. The fully mixed combustible gas and combustion-supporting gas flow to the combustion chamber 300, so as to ensure the full combustion of the gas, thereby improving the combustion firepower.

[0034] Referring to Figures 1 to 5 As shown in the utility model one embodiment, the end of the combustion-supporting gas pipe 130 away from the mixing pipe 150 is provided with a blower 131, and the air outlet of the blower 131 is communicated with the combustion-supporting gas pipe 130, so that the air outside flows to the combustion-supporting gas pipe 130 under the action of the blower 131. It should be noted that the air outlet of the blower 131 is communicated with the end of the combustion-supporting gas pipe 130 away from the mixing pipe 150 in the embodiment, the air outside flows to the mixing pipe 150 along the combustion-supporting gas pipe 130 under the action of the blower 131, so as to ensure the sufficient supply of air, thereby ensuring the combustion firepower of the gas.

[0035] Referring to Figures 1 to 5 As shown in the embodiment of the present application, the filter 111, the first pressure gauge 112, the pressure regulating valve 113 and the second pressure gauge 114 are sequentially arranged on the combustible gas pipe 110, so that the introduced combustible gas sequentially flows through the filter 111, the first pressure gauge 112, the pressure regulating valve 113 and the second pressure gauge 114. It should be noted that the combustible gas is mixed with the combustion-supporting gas for sufficient combustion after filtration and pressure regulation, so as to effectively ensure the removal of impurities and moisture in the gas, ensure the purity of the gas and the stable pressure of the gas, thereby controlling the stability of the gas combustion power.

[0036] Referring to Figures 1 to 5 As shown in the embodiment of the present application, the combustion chamber 300 is provided with the igniter 310 and the burner 330, the igniter 310 is arranged at the combustion nozzle of the burner 330, and the burner 330 is communicated with the gas mixing pipe 150, so that the gas flowing out of the gas mixing pipe 150 is ignited and burned at the burner 330. It should be noted that the igniter 310 is inserted into the combustion chamber 300, the igniter 310 is close to the burner 330, the end of the burner 330 is communicated with the gas mixing pipe 150, the combustible gas and the combustion-supporting gas flow to the burner 330 through the gas mixing pipe 150, when the igniter 310 is ignited, the igniter 310 emits an electric spark, and the gas of the burner 330 is ignited by the electric spark and burns, in this way, hot gas is generated by the combustion of the gas, and heat exchange is performed between the hot gas and the airflow, thereby forming hot air. Of course, the burner 330 in the embodiment is in a long strip shape, and the long strip-shaped burner 330 realizes uniform heating and combustion in the length direction of the combustion chamber 300, the combustion chamber 300 can include a plurality of burners 330 and a plurality of igniters 310, the plurality of burners 330 are arranged side by side below the heat exchange pipe 500 along the width direction of the combustion chamber 300, each burner 330 is provided with a corresponding igniter 310, so that the plurality of burners 330 simultaneously combust the gas under the ignition of the igniter 310, and the hot gas is generated by the combustion of the plurality of burners 330, in this way, the hot gas is fully heat-exchanged with the airflow in the heat exchange pipe 500, thereby improving the efficiency of the hot gas generation. Correspondingly, in order to provide gas to the plurality of burners 330, the embodiment can be provided with a plurality of gas pipes 100, and the plurality of gas pipes 100 respectively supply gas to the plurality of burners 330 independently, so as to realize the combustion power control of the plurality of burners 330, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the above is within the protection scope of the present application.

[0037] Referring to Figures 1 to 5As shown, in an embodiment of the present application, the combustion chamber 300 is provided with a heat insulation layer 600, the heat insulation layer 600 is surrounded by the combustion chamber 300 and forms a closed space, the closed space is provided with a heat exchange pipe 500. It should be noted that, in the embodiment, the heat insulation layer 600 is arranged to reduce the outward diffusion of heat, so that the airflow flowing in the closed space can exchange heat with hot air, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency. Moreover, the closed space of the embodiment can also be provided with a movable switch door, and the opening or closing of the closed space is realized by the movement of the switch door. The embodiment is not limited to this, and the above is within the protection scope of the present application.

[0038] The above is only an optional embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent range of the present application. Any equivalent structural transformation, direct / indirect application in other related technical fields under the utility model concept of the present application, or the contents of the present application specification and drawings are included in the patent protection range of the present application.

Claims

1. A gas-fired hot air furnace, characterized in that, The application relates to a gas heating device, which comprises a gas pipe, a combustion chamber, a heat exchange pipe and a control terminal, the gas pipe is used for providing gas, the gas pipe is provided with a flow valve used for adjusting the gas flow of the gas pipe; the gas pipe is communicated with the combustion chamber so that the gas is combusted in the combustion chamber to generate hot gas; the heat exchange pipe is formed with an air flow, the heat exchange pipe penetrates the combustion chamber so that the air flow and the hot gas exchange heat in the combustion chamber to form hot air, the air outlet of the heat exchange pipe is provided with a thermocouple used for detecting the temperature of the hot air, the thermocouple is connected with the control terminal, the control terminal is connected with the flow valve, and the control terminal controls the opening degree of the flow valve according to the detected temperature of the hot air. The heat exchange pipe comprises a gas inlet section, a heat exchange section and a gas outlet section arranged in sequence, the heat exchange section is arranged in the combustion chamber, the heat exchange section is provided with air passing holes so that the flowing air and the generated hot gas exchange heat, and the gas outlet section is provided with the thermocouple. The heat exchange pipe comprises a plurality of heat exchange sections arranged side by side, the two ends of the plurality of heat exchange sections are respectively communicated with the gas inlet section and the gas outlet section, and the air flow of the gas inlet section flows to the gas outlet section through the plurality of heat exchange sections.

2. The gas-fired hot air furnace of claim 1, wherein The heat exchange section is provided with a heat conduction plate, the heat conduction plate is arranged along the length direction of the heat exchange section, and the flowing air and the generated hot gas exchange heat through the heat conduction plate and then flow out.

3. A gas-fired hot air furnace as set forth in claim 2 wherein, The surface of the heat conduction plate is provided with a plurality of through holes, the plurality of through holes are distributed along the length direction of the heat conduction plate, each through hole is provided with a guide plate, and the two adjacent guide plates are arranged on the two sides of the heat conduction plate.

4. The gas-fired hot air furnace of claim 2, wherein The gas pipe comprises a combustible gas pipe, a combustion-supporting gas pipe and a mixing pipe, the combustible gas pipe and the combustion-supporting gas pipe are respectively communicated with one end of the mixing pipe, the other end of the mixing pipe is communicated with the combustion chamber, and the combustible gas pipe and the combustion-supporting gas pipe are respectively provided with the flow valve.

5. A gas-fired hot air furnace as set forth in claim 4 wherein, The end of the combustion-supporting gas pipe away from the mixing pipe is provided with a blower, the air outlet of the blower is communicated with the combustion-supporting gas pipe so that the air outside the blower flows to the combustion-supporting gas pipe.

6. A gas-fired hot air furnace as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The combustible gas pipe is sequentially provided with a filter, a first pressure gauge, a pressure regulating valve and a second pressure gauge, so that the introduced combustible gas sequentially flows through the filter, the first pressure gauge, the pressure regulating valve and the second pressure gauge.

7. A gas-fired hot air furnace as set forth in claim 6 wherein, The combustion chamber is provided with an igniter and a burner, the igniter is arranged at the combustion nozzle of the burner, and the burner is communicated with the mixing pipe so that the gas flowing out of the mixing pipe is ignited and combusted at the burner.

8. The gas-fired hot air furnace of claim 6, wherein The combustion chamber is provided with a heat insulation layer, the heat insulation layer surrounds the combustion chamber and forms a closed space, and the heat exchange pipe penetrates the closed space.

9. The gas-fired hot air furnace of claim 6, wherein ​ 10. The gas-fired hot air furnace of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, ​

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