Liquid crystal display television reflecting coating spraying device

By using flexible clamping components and three-dimensional nozzle positioning components, the problems of clamping damage and uneven coating in LCD TV reflective coating spraying devices have been solved, achieving efficient and low-cost coating spraying.

CN223683757UActive Publication Date: 2025-12-19HUBEI DINGWEI IND & TRADE CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202423047140.2
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-12-11
Publication Date
2025-12-19
Estimated Expiration
2034-12-11

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing LCD TV reflective coating spraying equipment lacks flexible clamping components and three-dimensional positioning mechanisms, resulting in screen damage and uneven coating, reducing production efficiency and increasing costs.

Method used

It employs flexible clamping components and three-dimensional nozzle positioning components, and uses pressure sensors to control the clamping force and precise nozzle position to ensure screen integrity and coating uniformity.

Benefits of technology

It improves the versatility and production efficiency of the equipment, reduces production costs, and ensures the uniformity and reflective effect of the coating.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The utility model discloses a liquid crystal display television reflecting coating spraying device, which relates to the technical field of television processing equipment, and comprises an operation table, the rear side wall of the operation table is fixedly connected with an L-shaped fixing plate, the top of the L-shaped fixing plate is fixedly connected with a top plate, the top of the operation table is provided with two straight slotted holes in the front-back direction, and the two straight slotted holes are fixedly connected with the top plate. A flexible clamping assembly penetrating to the top of the operation table is arranged at the bottom of the operation table, and a three-dimensional spray head positioning assembly is arranged at the bottom of the top plate. By means of the flexible clamping assembly, physical damage to a screen caused by excessive clamping can be avoided, meanwhile, by adjusting the distance between the clamping plates, the device can adapt to liquid crystal display television screens of different sizes, the production cost is reduced, and the three-dimensional spray head positioning assembly is arranged, so that the production efficiency is improved. The position of the nozzle in the front-back direction, the left-right direction and the height direction can be accurately controlled, it is ensured that the thickness of a coating is uniform, the optimal reflection effect is achieved, and meanwhile production efficiency is greatly improved.
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Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to television processing equipment technical field, concretely relates to a liquid crystal display television reflection coating spraying device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The liquid crystal display television reflection coating spraying device mainly comprises a spraying chamber, a spray head assembly, a feeding system and a power and control system. The spraying chamber is internally provided with an adjustable fixing frame for accurately placing a liquid crystal display television panel. The wall surface of the spraying chamber is provided with efficient ventilation and purification devices to timely discharge spray residual air and filter coating particles. The power and control system is responsible for driving the movement track of the spray head, regulating and controlling the spraying pressure and flow rate, and integrating an intelligent operation interface. The liquid crystal display television reflection coating spraying device can automatically operate according to preset spraying process parameters to realize high-precision and automatic spraying operation of the liquid crystal display television reflection coating and effectively improve the coating quality and production efficiency.

[0003] The existing liquid crystal display television reflection coating spraying device does not have a flexible clamping assembly. A rigid clamping method is used to accurately control the clamping force. The screen may be easily broken and scratched due to excessive pressure during the clamping process, which leads to a significant increase in the damage rate of the liquid crystal display television, increases the production cost and material waste, and lacks flexible adjustment function. For liquid crystal television screens of different sizes, the clamping device may need to be frequently replaced or manually adjusted. In addition, the existing device does not have a three-dimensional spray head positioning assembly. The position of the spray head is difficult to accurately control, which may lead to uneven distribution of the reflection coating on the screen, affect the reflection performance of the screen, and cause problems such as reflection light spots and inconsistent reflectivity, thereby reducing the display quality of the liquid crystal display television. In addition, the position of the spray head cannot be accurately adjusted, which may require frequent manual adjustment of the position of the spray head during the spraying process. This will consume a lot of time and reduce the production efficiency. SUMMARY

[0004] The utility model provides a kind of liquid crystal display television reflection coating spraying device to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A liquid crystal display television reflection coating spraying device comprises an operating table, the bottom of the operating table is fixedly connected with two supporting legs on the left and right sides, the bottom of each supporting leg is fixedly connected with an anti-skid pad, the rear wall of the operating table is fixedly connected with an L-shaped fixing plate, the top of the L-shaped fixing plate is fixedly connected with a top plate, two front-to-back straight slot holes are formed in the top of the operating table, the rear wall of the L-shaped fixing plate is fixedly connected with a central controller, the bottom of the operating table is provided with a flexible clamping assembly penetrating through the top thereof, and the bottom of the top plate is provided with a three-dimensional spray head positioning assembly.

[0007] The further improvement of the utility model technical scheme lies in: the flexible clamping assembly includes a bottom plate, the middle part of the left and right sides of the bottom plate is fixedly connected with a fixed plate, the top of the left and right two fixed plates is fixedly connected with a fixed column fixedly connected with the bottom of the operation table, the bottom of the bottom plate is fixedly connected with motor one, the top of the bottom plate is fixedly connected with two left and right symmetrical slide rails, the outer wall of the left and right two slide rails is slidably connected with two front and back symmetrical moving seats, the output end of motor one penetrates to the top of the bottom plate and is fixedly connected with a main gear, the left and right sides of the main gear are all meshingly connected with a rack one, the left side wall rear of the left rack one is fixedly connected with the left side inner wall of the rear moving seat, and the right side wall front of the right rack one is fixedly connected with the right side inner wall of the front moving seat.

[0008] The further improvement of the utility model technical scheme lies in: the top of the front and back two moving seats is fixedly connected with two left and right symmetrical fixed rods, the top of the left and right two fixed rods penetrates the top of the operation table and is slidably connected with the inner wall of the straight slot hole, the outer wall of the left and right two fixed rods above the operation table is fixedly connected with a clamping plate, the opposite surface of the front and back two clamping plates is fixedly connected with a pressure sensor, and the central controller is electrically connected with motor one and the two pressure sensors.

[0009] The further improvement of the utility model technical scheme lies in: the three-dimensional nozzle positioning assembly includes two side plates one, the bottom of the top plate is fixedly connected with the front and back two side plates one, the opposite surface middle part of the front and back two side plates one is fixedly connected with a rack three, the opposite surface of the front and back two side plates one is fixedly connected with two left and right symmetrical slide rods one, the outer wall of the left and right two slide rods one is slidably connected with a moving frame one, the left and right two side inner walls of the moving frame one are rotatably connected with a rotating shaft one, the left side wall of the moving frame one is fixedly connected with motor two, the output end of motor two penetrates to the inside of the moving frame one and is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft one, and the outer wall middle part of the rotating shaft one is fixedly connected with a gear one meshingly connected with the rack three.

[0010] The further improvement in the technical scheme of the utility model lies in that the bottom of the moving frame one is fixedly connected with a moving plate, the bottom of the moving plate is fixedly connected with two left-right symmetrical side plates two, the opposite faces of the left and right two side plates two are fixedly connected with a rack four in the middle, the opposite faces of the left and right two side plates two are fixedly connected with two front-rear symmetrical slide rods two, the outer wall of the front and rear two slide rods two is slidably connected with a moving frame two, the front side wall of the moving frame two is fixedly connected with a motor three, the front and rear two inner walls of the moving frame two are rotatably connected with rotating shafts two, the output end of the motor three penetrates to the inside of the moving frame two and is fixedly connected with the rotating shafts two, the outer wall middle part of the rotating shafts two is fixedly connected with a gear two which is in mesh connection with the rack four, the bottom of the moving frame two is fixedly connected with a cylinder, the output end of the cylinder is fixedly connected with a spray head, and the central controller is electrically connected with the motor two, the motor three and the cylinder respectively.

[0011] Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the utility model has the following technical progress compared with the prior art:

[0012] 1、The utility model provides a liquid crystal display television reflection coating spraying device, through setting up flexible clamping component, adopt pressure sensor control clamping strength, can avoid excessive clamping to cause physical damage to the screen, ensure the integrity of the screen in the clamping process, simultaneously through adjusting the distance between the clamping plate, make the device can adapt to a variety of different size liquid crystal display television screen, need not specially customize clamping device for each size, improve the versatility and use efficiency of equipment, reduce production cost.

[0013] 2、The utility model provides a liquid crystal display television reflection coating spraying device, through setting up three -dimensional spray head positioning assembly, can accurately control the position of spray head in front and back, left and right and height direction, make reflection coating can be accurately sprayed in every corner of the screen, ensure that coating thickness is uniform, to reach the best reflection effect, simultaneously reduce the waiting time and adjustment time in the spraying process, greatly improve production efficiency. ACCURACY

[0014] Figure 1 It is the whole structure schematic view of the utility model;

[0015] Figure 2 It is the isometric side view structure schematic view of the utility model;

[0016] Figure 3 It is the flexible clamping component structure schematic view of the utility model;

[0017] Figure 4 It is another flexible clamping component structure schematic view of the utility model;

[0018] Figure 5The utility model discloses a part structure schematic drawing of the utility model.

[0019] Figure 6 The utility model discloses three -dimensional shower nozzle positioning subassembly structure schematic drawing.

[0020] In the drawing: 10, operating platform, 11, support leg, 12, non -skid pad, 13, L shape fixed plate, 14, roof, 15, straight slot hole, 16, central controller, 2, flexible clamping subassembly, 20, bottom plate, 21, fixed plate, 22, fixed column, 23, motor one, 24, slide rail, 25, mobile seat, 26, main gear, 27, rack one, 29, fixed rod, 290, clamping plate, 291, pressure sensor, 3, three -dimensional shower nozzle positioning subassembly, 30, side plate one, 31, slide rod one, 32, rack three, 33, mobile frame one, 34, motor two, 35, rotary shaft one, 36, gear one, 37, moving plate, 38, side plate two, 39, slide rod two, 390, rack four, 391, mobile frame two, 392, rotary shaft two, 393, gear two, 394, shower nozzle, 395, motor three, 396, pneumatic cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the technical means, creation features, achieve the purpose and effect of the utility model easy to understand, the following specific embodiment is combined further expounds the utility model:

[0022] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 The utility model provides a liquid crystal display television reflection coating spraying device, including operating platform 10, the bottom left and right sides of operating platform 10 are all fixedly connected with support leg 11, and the bottom of left and right two support legs 11 is all fixedly connected with non -skid pad 12, and the rear side wall of operating platform 10 is fixedly connected with L shape fixed plate 13, and the top of L shape fixed plate 13 is fixedly connected with roof 14, and the top of operating platform 10 is set with two straight slot holes 15 of front and rear trend, and the rear side wall of L shape fixed plate 13 is fixedly connected with central controller 16, and the bottom of operating platform 10 is provided with flexible clamping subassembly 2 that penetrates to its top, and the bottom of roof 14 is provided with three -dimensional shower nozzle positioning subassembly 3.

[0023] Non -skid pad 12 can select rubber material, to ensure the stability when the device is placed on the workbench, two straight slot holes 15 of front and rear trend are used to cooperate the component movement of flexible clamping subassembly 2, and the rear side wall of L shape fixed plate 13 is fixedly connected with central controller 16, and central controller 16 can select programmable logic controller PLC, and is used to control the electrical component operation of whole device.

[0024] As Figures 3-5As shown, the flexible clamping assembly 2 comprises a bottom plate 20, the middle of the left and right sides of the bottom plate 20 is fixedly connected with a fixed plate 21, the top of the left and right two fixed plates 21 is fixedly connected with a fixed column 22 fixedly connected with the bottom of the operation table 10, the bottom of the bottom plate 20 is fixedly connected with a motor 23, the top of the bottom plate 20 is fixedly connected with two left and right symmetrical slide rails 24, the outer wall of the left and right two slide rails 24 is slidably connected with two front and rear symmetrical moving seats 25, the output end of the motor 23 penetrates the top of the bottom plate 20 and is fixedly connected with a main gear 26, the left and right sides of the main gear 26 are meshingly connected with a rack 27, the left side wall of the left rack 27 is fixedly connected with the left side inner wall of the rear moving seat 25, and the right side wall of the right rack 27 is fixedly connected with the right side inner wall of the front moving seat 25.

[0025] As shown in the figure, Figures 3-5 The top of the front and rear two moving seats 25 is fixedly connected with two left and right symmetrical fixed rods 29, the top of the left and right two fixed rods 29 penetrates the top of the operation table 10 and is slidably connected with the inner wall of the straight slot hole 15, the outer wall of the left and right two fixed rods 29 located above the operation table 10 is fixedly connected with a clamping plate 290, the opposite surfaces of the front and rear two clamping plates 290 are fixedly connected with a pressure sensor 291, and the central controller 16 is electrically connected with the motor 23 and the two pressure sensors 291 respectively.

[0026] When the liquid crystal television screen needs to be clamped, the central controller 16 starts the motor 23, the motor 23 drives the main gear 26 to rotate, the rotation of the main gear 26 drives the left and right two racks 27 meshingly connected therewith to move respectively, the left and right two racks 27 move to drive the front and rear two moving seats 25 to move relatively or towards each other on the slide rails 24, the fixed rods 29 on the top of the moving seats 25 slide in the straight slot hole 15 of the operation table 10 with the movement of the moving seats 25, thereby making the clamping plates 290 on the top of the fixed rods 29 approach or move away from each other, when the pressure sensor 291 on the clamping plate 290 detects that the pressure reaches the value set in the central controller 16, the motor 23 stops running, at this time the flexible clamping of the liquid crystal television screen is completed, this flexible clamping method can avoid damage to the screen, by setting the flexible clamping assembly 2, using the pressure sensor 291 to control the clamping force, it can avoid excessive clamping to cause physical damage to the screen, ensure the integrity of the screen during clamping, at the same time, by adjusting the distance between the clamping plates 290, the device can adapt to liquid crystal television screens of various sizes, without the need to specially customize clamping devices for each size, improve the versatility and use efficiency of the equipment, reduce the production cost.

[0027] As shown in the figure, Figure 6As shown, the three-dimensional nozzle positioning assembly 3 includes two side plates 30, which are fixedly connected to the bottom front and rear sides of the top plate 14. A rack 32 is fixedly connected to the middle of the opposite surface of the two side plates 30. Two left-right symmetrical sliding rods 31 are fixedly connected to the opposite surface of the two side plates 30. A movable frame 33 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the two sliding rods 31. A rotating shaft 35 is rotatably connected to the inner walls of the left and right sides of the movable frame 33. A motor 34 is fixedly connected to the left side wall of the movable frame 33. The output end of the motor 34 passes through the interior of the movable frame 33 and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 35. A gear 36 that meshes with the rack 32 is fixedly connected to the middle of the outer wall of the rotating shaft 35.

[0028] like Figure 6 As shown, a movable plate 37 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the movable frame 33. Two symmetrical side plates 38 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the movable plate 37. A rack 390 is fixedly connected to the middle of the opposite surface of the two side plates 38. Two symmetrical sliding rods 39 are fixedly connected to the opposite surface of the two side plates 38. A movable frame 391 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the two sliding rods 39. A motor 395 is fixedly connected to the front side wall of the movable frame 391. Rotary shaft 2 392 is rotatably connected to the inner walls on both sides. The output end of motor 395 passes through the interior of movable frame 2 391 and is fixedly connected to rotary shaft 2 392. Gear 2 393, which meshes with rack 4 390, is fixedly connected to the middle of the outer wall of rotary shaft 2 392. Cylinder 396 is fixedly connected to the bottom of movable frame 2 391. Spray head 394 is fixedly connected to the output end of cylinder 396. Central controller 16 is electrically connected to motor 2 34, motor 395, and cylinder 396 respectively.

[0029] In the spraying operation, the central controller 16 first controls the motor two 34 to rotate, and the motor two 34 drives the rotating shaft one 35 and the gear one 36 to rotate, and the rotation of the gear one 36 drives the moving frame one 33 to move on the slide rod one 31 in the front and back directions, thereby realizing the positioning of the spray head 394 in the front and back directions, and then the central controller 16 controls the motor three 395 to rotate, and the motor three 395 drives the rotating shaft two 392 and the gear two 393 to rotate, and the rotation of the gear two 393 drives the moving frame two 391 to move on the slide rod two 39 in the left and right directions, thereby realizing the positioning of the spray head 394 in the left and right directions, and simultaneously, the central controller 16 starts the air cylinder 396, and the air cylinder 396 drives the spray head 394 fixedly connected thereto to be positioned in the height direction, thereby completing the three-dimensional spraying operation of the reflective coating of the liquid crystal television screen, ensuring that the coating can be uniformly and accurately sprayed on the surface of the liquid crystal television screen, and through the three-dimensional spray head positioning assembly 3, the position of the spray head 394 in the front and back, left and right, and height directions can be accurately controlled, so that the reflective coating can be accurately sprayed on every corner of the screen, ensuring that the coating thickness is uniform, thereby achieving the best reflection effect, and simultaneously, the waiting time and adjustment time in the spraying process are reduced, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.

[0030] It should be particularly pointed out that the central controller 16 is a prior art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0031] The working principle of the liquid crystal television reflective coating spraying device will be described below.

[0032] As shown in Figures 1-6 When it is necessary to clamp the liquid crystal television screen, the central controller 16 starts the motor one 23, the motor one 23 drives the main gear 26 to rotate, and the rotation of the main gear 26 drives the left and right two racks one 27 to move, respectively, and the movement of the left and right two racks one 27 drives the front and back two moving seats 25 to move on the slide rail 24 relative to or towards each other, and the fixed rod 29 on the top of the moving seat 25 slides in the straight slot hole 15 of the operation table 10 with the movement of the moving seat 25, thereby making the clamping plates 290 on the top of the fixed rod 29 approach or move away from each other, and when the pressure sensor 291 on the clamping plate 290 detects that the pressure reaches the value set in the central controller 16, the motor one 23 stops running, and at this time, the flexible clamping of the liquid crystal television screen is completed. This flexible clamping method can avoid damaging the screen, and through the flexible clamping assembly 2, the clamping force is controlled by the pressure sensor 291, which can avoid physical damage to the screen caused by excessive clamping, and ensure the integrity of the screen during clamping. At the same time, by adjusting the distance between the clamping plates 290, the device can adapt to liquid crystal television screens of various sizes, without the need to specially customize clamping devices for each size, thereby improving the universality and use efficiency of the equipment and reducing the production cost.

[0033] In the spraying operation, the central controller 16 first controls the motor two 34 to run, the motor two 34 drives the rotating shaft one 35 and the gear one 36 to rotate, the rotation of the gear one 36 will make the moving frame one 33 move on the slide rod one 31 in the front and back direction, so as to realize the positioning of the spray head 394 in the front and back direction, then the central controller 16 controls the motor three 395 to run, the motor three 395 drives the rotating shaft two 392 and the gear two 393 to rotate, the rotation of the gear two 393 will make the moving frame two 391 move on the slide rod two 39 in the left and right direction, realize the positioning of the spray head 394 in the left and right direction, at the same time, the central controller 16 starts the air cylinder 396, the air cylinder 396 drives the spray head 394 fixedly connected therewith to position in the height direction, so as to complete the three-dimensional spraying operation of the liquid crystal television screen reflection coating, ensure that the coating can be uniformly and accurately sprayed on the surface of the liquid crystal television screen, through the three-dimensional spray head positioning assembly 3 arranged, the position of the spray head 394 in the front and back, left and right and height direction can be accurately controlled, so that the reflection coating can be accurately sprayed in every corner of the screen, ensure the uniformity of the coating thickness, so as to achieve the best reflection effect, at the same time, the waiting time and adjustment time in the spraying process are reduced, the production efficiency is greatly improved.

[0034] The above has made a detailed description of the utility model, but on the basis of the utility model, some modifications or improvements can be made, which is obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the modifications or improvements without departing from the spirit of the utility model are within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal television reflective coating spraying device comprising an operating table (10), characterized in that: The bottom of the operating platform (10) is fixedly connected with a supporting leg (11) on the left and right sides, the bottom of the left and right two supporting legs (11) is fixedly connected with a non-slip pad (12), the rear wall of the operating platform (10) is fixedly connected with an L-shaped fixed plate (13), the top of the L-shaped fixed plate (13) is fixedly connected with a top plate (14), two front and rear straight slot holes (15) are formed in the top of the operating platform (10), the rear wall of the L-shaped fixed plate (13) is fixedly connected with a central controller (16), the bottom of the operating platform (10) is provided with a flexible clamping assembly (2) penetrating through the top thereof, and the bottom of the top plate (14) is provided with a three-dimensional nozzle positioning assembly (3).

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is a liquid crystal television reflective coating spraying device. The flexible clamping assembly (2) comprises a bottom plate (20), the left and right sides of the middle of the bottom plate (20) are fixedly connected with a fixed plate (21), the top of the left and right two fixed plates (21) is fixedly connected with a fixed column (22) fixedly connected with the bottom of the operating platform (10), the bottom of the bottom plate (20) is fixedly connected with a motor (23), the top of the bottom plate (20) is fixedly connected with two left and right symmetrical slide rails (24), the outer walls of the left and right two slide rails (24) are slidingly connected with two front and rear symmetrical moving seats (25), the output end of the motor (23) penetrates through the top of the bottom plate (20) and is fixedly connected with a main gear (26), the left and right sides of the main gear (26) are meshingly connected with a rack (27), the left side wall rear of the left rack (27) is fixedly connected with the left side inner wall of the rear moving seat (25), and the right side wall front of the right rack (27) is fixedly connected with the right side inner wall of the front moving seat (25).

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the apparatus is a liquid crystal television reflective coating spray device. The top of the front and rear two moving seats (25) is fixedly connected with two left and right symmetrical fixed rods (29), the top of the left and right two fixed rods (29) penetrates through the top of the operating platform (10) and is slidingly connected with the inner wall of the straight slot hole (15), the outer wall of the left and right two fixed rods (29) located above the operating platform (10) is fixedly connected with a clamping plate (290), the opposite surfaces of the front and rear two clamping plates (290) are fixedly connected with a pressure sensor (291), and the central controller (16) is electrically connected with the motor (23), the two pressure sensors (291).

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is a liquid crystal display television reflective coating spray device. The three-dimensional nozzle positioning assembly (3) comprises two side plates (30) fixedly connected to the bottom of the top plate (14) on the front and back sides, the middle part of the opposite surface of the front and back side plates (30) is fixedly connected with a rack three (32), the opposite surface of the front and back side plates (30) is fixedly connected with two left and right symmetrical slide rods (31), the outer wall of the left and right slide rods (31) is slidingly connected with a moving frame (33), the left and right inner walls of the moving frame (33) are rotatably connected with a rotating shaft (35), the left wall of the moving frame (33) is fixedly connected with a motor two (34), the output end of the motor two (34) penetrates into the inside of the moving frame (33) and is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft (35), and the outer wall of the rotating shaft (35) is fixedly connected with a gear one (36) engaged with the rack three (32).

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the apparatus is a liquid crystal television reflective coating spray device. The bottom of the moving frame (33) is fixedly connected with a moving plate (37), the bottom of the moving plate (37) is fixedly connected with two left and right symmetrical side plates (38), the middle part of the opposite surface of the left and right side plates (38) is fixedly connected with a rack four (390), the opposite surface of the left and right side plates (38) is fixedly connected with two front and back symmetrical slide rods (39), the outer wall of the front and back slide rods (39) is slidingly connected with a moving frame two (391), the front wall of the moving frame two (391) is fixedly connected with a motor three (395), the front and back inner walls of the moving frame two (391) are rotatably connected with a rotating shaft two (392), the output end of the motor three (395) penetrates into the inside of the moving frame two (391) and is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft two (392), the outer wall of the rotating shaft two (392) is fixedly connected with a gear two (393) engaged with the rack four (390), the bottom of the moving frame two (391) is fixedly connected with a cylinder (396), the output end of the cylinder (396) is fixedly connected with a nozzle (394), and the central controller (16) is electrically connected with the motor two (34), the motor three (395) and the cylinder (396).