Forestry waste fermentation device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of conversion and utilization of forestry biomass wastes or residues, and discloses a forestry waste fermentation device which comprises a box body, a bottom plate, supporting legs, a water collecting tank, an opening, a screen I, a water suction pump, a water suction pipe, a through hole I, a through hole II, a humidity sensor, a control cabinet, a feed hopper, a crushing mechanism and a stirring mechanism. The device is simple in structure and strong in innovativeness, meets the requirements of fermentation equipment for wastes in agriculture and forestry production, realizes semi-mechanization and automation compared with a traditional stacking fermentation mode, saves manpower, can adjust the temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration of fermented materials, and accelerates the decomposition progress.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to forestry biomass waste or surplus conversion and utilization technical field, more specifically, it relates to a forestry waste fermentation device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Forestry waste refers to the waste produced in the process of forestry production, forest renewal and forest product processing, including economic forest pruning branches, felling surplus, forest tending surplus and wood processing surplus. Generally, its lignin content and heat value are higher than that of gramineous biomass. It can be processed into biomass briquetting fuel, used as raw material for biomass direct combustion power plant, and used as raw material for processing various boards.

[0003] In recent years, with the development of forestry and greening industry and the gradual improvement of greening level, the green area of city gradually increases, and the problem brought by forestry waste quality increases day by day. The treatment and recycling of forestry waste have become a new environmental problem that must be faced in today's city greening. At present, the fermentation treatment mode of on-site and nearby is usually adopted, and the forestry waste is randomly stacked in the natural environment. This fermentation mode needs a long time process, and the stacked material is manually turned over, which is laborious. UTILITARIAN CONTENT

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects existing in the prior art, the utility model provides a forestry waste fermentation device, which solves the fermentation equipment demand of waste in agricultural and forestry production, realizes semi-mechanization and automation compared with the traditional stacking fermentation mode, saves labor, and can adjust the temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration of the fermentation material to speed up the composting progress.

[0005] The above technical purpose of the utility model is realized through the following technical scheme: a forestry waste fermentation device, comprising a box with an open bottom, a bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the box, the box and the bottom plate are integrally connected, and supporting feet are arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate; a water collecting tank is arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate, the part of the bottom plate covered by the box is provided with an opening, the opening is communicated with the water collecting tank and the box, a sieve net one covering the opening is arranged in the opening, and the sieve net one only allows liquid to pass through; the water collecting tank is arranged along the length direction of the box, a water pump is arranged at one end in the water collecting tank, a water suction pipe is arranged at the top of the water pump, a first perforation is arranged at the top end of the side wall of the box, a second perforation is arranged on the bottom plate, and the end of the water suction pipe away from the water pump extends into the box through the second perforation and the first perforation in sequence; a humidity sensor is arranged at the bottom end of the inner side wall of the box; a control cabinet is arranged at the top of the bottom plate; the control cabinet is electrically connected with the humidity sensor and the water pump;

[0006] A feeding hopper is arranged at the top end of the side wall of one side of the box, and a crushing mechanism is arranged in the feeding hopper;

[0007] A turning mechanism is arranged in the box.

[0008] Further, the top end of the side wall of the box body is provided with an exhaust fan in communication with the box body, the top of the exhaust fan is provided with an exhaust pipe, and the side of the exhaust fan is provided with an oxygen concentration sensor; the bottom end of the side wall of the box body on the side of the exhaust fan is provided with a breathable hole, the breathable hole is provided with a second screen covering the breathable hole, the second screen only allows gas to pass through, and the exhaust fan and the oxygen concentration sensor are electrically connected with the control cabinet.

[0009] Further, the inner side wall of the box body is provided with a temperature sensor, and the bottom end of the side wall of the box body on the side of the feeding hopper is provided with a heating plate; the temperature sensor and the heating plate are electrically connected with the control cabinet.

[0010] Further, each side wall of the box body is made of a heat-conducting material.

[0011] Further, the crushing mechanism comprises a crushing roller I, a crushing roller II, a motor I and a motor II, the driving shaft of the motor I is in transmission connection with the crushing roller I, the driving shaft of the motor II is in transmission connection with the crushing roller II, and the motor I and the motor II are electrically connected with the control cabinet.

[0012] Further, the top of the box body is provided with a cover plate capable of covering the feeding hopper, and the cover plate is hinged to the box body.

[0013] Further, the turning and stirring mechanism comprises a turning and stirring roller and a motor III, the turning and stirring roller is arranged along the length direction of the box body, the driving shaft of the motor III is in transmission connection with the turning and stirring roller, and the motor III is electrically connected with the control cabinet.

[0014] Further, the side wall of the water collecting tank away from the one end of the water pump is downwardly inclined to the one end provided with the water pump.

[0015] Further, the part of the water suction pipe extending into the box body is arranged along the length direction of the box body, and a plurality of atomizing nozzles are uniformly and interval ly arranged at the bottom of the part of the water suction pipe extending into the box body.

[0016] In summary, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) The device is provided with a water collecting tank, water in the water collecting tank can be pumped into the box body through the water pump, so that the humidity of the waste is increased, and the composting progress is accelerated; the excess water can also flow into the water collecting tank through the first screen at the bottom of the box body, so that the water resource is recycled and saved.

[0018] (2) The device is provided with an exhaust fan and an oxygen concentration sensor, when the oxygen concentration sensor detects that the oxygen concentration is low, the exhaust fan can be started through the control cabinet, the air circulation in the box body is increased, the oxygen concentration in the box body is adjusted, and the fermentation efficiency is improved.

[0019] (3) The device is provided with a heating plate and a temperature sensor, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is low, the heating plate can be controlled to start heating by the control cabinet, the temperature in the box is raised, and the fermentation efficiency is improved.

[0020] (4) The device solves the fermentation equipment demand of waste in agricultural and forestry production, realizes semi-mechanical and automatic compared with the traditional stacking fermentation mode, and saves manpower. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a forestry waste fermentation device in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0022] Fig. 2 is a structure view of the front view of the forestry waste fermentation device in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0023] Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the exhaust fan;

[0024] In the drawing: 1, box; 2, bottom plate; 3, supporting leg; 4, water collecting tank; 5, opening; 6, screen one; 7, water pump; 8, water suction pipe; 9, perforation one; 10, perforation two; 11, humidity sensor; 12, control cabinet; 13, feeding hopper; 14, exhaust fan; 15, exhaust pipe; 16, oxygen concentration sensor; 17, air vent; 18, screen two; 19, temperature sensor; 20, heating plate; 21, crushing roller one; 22, crushing roller two; 23, motor one; 24, motor two; 25, cover plate; 26, turning and stirring roller; 27, motor three; 28, atomizing nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be described in detail in combination with the drawings Figs. 1-3 The utility model is further described in detail.

[0026] Embodiment: a forestry waste fermentation device, such as Figs. 1 to 3As shown, the box 1 including the bottom opening 5, the bottom of the box 1 is provided with the bottom plate 2, the box 1 is integrally connected with the bottom plate 2, the bottom of the bottom plate 2 is fixedly provided with the supporting leg 3, and the supporting leg 3 is provided with four; the bottom of the bottom plate 2 is provided with the water collecting tank 4, the part of the bottom plate 2 covered by the box 1 is provided with the opening 5, the opening 5 communicates the water collecting tank 4 and the box 1, the opening 5 is fixedly provided with the screen one 6 covering the opening 5, and the screen one 6 only allows liquid to pass; the water collecting tank 4 is arranged along the length direction of the box 1, one end in the water collecting tank 4 is provided with the water pump 7, the top of the water pump 7 is connected with the water suction pipe 8, the top end of the side wall of the box 1 is provided with the perforation one 9, the bottom plate 2 is provided with the perforation two 10, and the end of the water suction pipe 8 away from the water pump 7 extends into the box 1 through the perforation two 10 and the perforation one 9 in sequence; the bottom end of the inner side wall of the box 1 is provided with the humidity sensor 11; the top of the bottom plate 2 is provided with the control cabinet 12; the control cabinet 12 is electrically connected with the humidity sensor 11 and the water pump 7.

[0027] The top end of the side wall of one side of the box 1 is integrally connected with the feeding hopper 13, and the feeding hopper 13 is provided with the stirring and crushing mechanism.

[0028] The box 1 is provided with the overturning and stirring mechanism.

[0029] Through the above scheme, the box 1 is used as a fermentation container of forestry wastes, the forestry wastes are stirred and crushed by the stirring and crushing mechanism during entering the box 1 through the feeding hopper 13; and the water in the water collecting tank 4 can be pumped into the box 1 by the water pump 7, so as to increase the humidity of the wastes and accelerate the composting progress; the excess water flows into the water collecting tank 4 through the screen one 6 at the bottom of the box 1, so as to be recycled and save water resources.

[0030] The control cabinet 12 is provided with a PLC controller and a control panel, the control panel includes a PLC controller operation screen, a voltmeter, an ammeter and a voltage conversion switch. Further, an alarm device and a printer are arranged, the alarm device is fixedly arranged on the top of the control cabinet 12150, and the alarm device and the printer are electrically connected with the PLC controller respectively; the real-time values are printed by the printer through the PLC controller electrically connected with the PLC controller and the touch screen on the operation screen.

[0031] As a preferred scheme of the embodiment, the top end of the side wall of the box 1 is fixedly provided with an exhaust fan 14 communicated with the box 1, the top of the exhaust fan 14 is connected with an exhaust pipe 15, and one side of the exhaust fan 14 is provided with an oxygen concentration sensor 16; the bottom end of the side wall of the side of the box 1 provided with the exhaust fan 14 is provided with a breathable hole 17, the breathable hole 17 is provided with a screen two 18 covering the breathable hole 17, the screen two 18 only allows gas to pass, and the exhaust fan 14 and the oxygen concentration sensor 16 are electrically connected with the control cabinet 12.

[0032] By adopting the above scheme, when the oxygen concentration sensor 16 detects that the oxygen concentration is low, the exhaust fan 14 can be started by the control cabinet 12 to increase the air flow in the box 1, thereby adjusting the oxygen concentration in the box 1 and improving the fermentation efficiency.

[0033] As a preferred scheme of the present embodiment, a temperature sensor 19 is mounted on the inner side wall of the box 1, and a heating plate 20 is arranged at the bottom end of the side wall of the feeding hopper 13. The temperature sensor 19 and the heating plate 20 are electrically connected to the control cabinet 12.

[0034] By adopting the above scheme, when the temperature sensor 19 detects that the temperature is low, the heating plate 20 can be started by the control cabinet 12 to increase the temperature in the box 1, thereby improving the fermentation efficiency.

[0035] As a preferred scheme of the present embodiment, each side wall of the box 1 is made of a heat-conducting material.

[0036] By adopting the above scheme, the use of a heat-conducting material can improve the heat conduction efficiency, reduce heat loss, and save energy.

[0037] As a preferred scheme of the present embodiment, the crushing mechanism includes a crushing roller one 21, a crushing roller two 22, a motor one 23, and a motor two 24. The drive shaft of the motor one 23 is in transmission connection with the crushing roller one 21, and the drive shaft of the motor two 24 is in transmission connection with the crushing roller two 22. The motor one 23 and the motor two 24 are electrically connected to the control cabinet 12.

[0038] By adopting the above scheme, the rotation directions of the drive shafts of the motor one 23 and the motor two 24 are opposite, and the arrangement of the crushing roller one 21 and the crushing roller two 22 can ensure that the forestry waste is crushed to a length of 2-3 centimeters, which is conducive to air circulation.

[0039] As a preferred scheme of the present embodiment, a cover plate 25 is mounted on the top of the box 1 and can cover the feeding hopper 13. The cover plate 25 is hinged to the box 1.

[0040] By adopting the above scheme, the arrangement of the cover plate 25 can prevent rainwater from entering the box 1 through the feeding hopper 13, thereby preventing the humidity of the forestry waste in the box 1 from being too high.

[0041] As a preferred scheme of the present embodiment, the turning mechanism includes a turning roller 26 and a motor three 27. The turning roller 26 is arranged along the length direction of the box 1, and the drive shaft of the motor three 27 is in transmission connection with the turning roller 26. The motor three 27 is electrically connected to the control cabinet 12.

[0042] By adopting the above scheme, the turning roller 26 is arranged in the middle of the box 1, which can fully turn the forestry waste in the box 1.

[0043] As a preferred scheme of the embodiment, the side wall of the water collecting tank 4 away from one end of the water pump 7 is inclined downward to the end where the water pump 7 is installed.

[0044] By adopting the above scheme, the water in the box 1 can be guided to the bottom end of the water collecting tank 4, which is convenient for the water pump 7 to pump.

[0045] As a preferred scheme of the embodiment, the part of the water pumping pipe 8 extending into the box 1 is arranged along the length direction of the box 1, and multiple atomizing nozzles 28 are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the part of the water pumping pipe 8 extending into the box 1.

[0046] By adopting the above scheme, when it is needed to increase the humidity in the box 1, the added water can be more uniform, and it is avoided that part of the forestry waste is too wet and part of the forestry waste is insufficient in humidity.

[0047] Working principle: when the device is used, the forestry waste is poured into the feeding hopper 13, and the crushing mechanism in the feeding hopper 13 crushes the forestry waste, and the crushed forestry waste has better air permeability; when the forestry waste is fermented, the motor three 27 is controlled to start, the turning roller 26 turns and stirs the forestry waste in the box 1, and the temperature sensor 19, the humidity sensor 11 and the oxygen concentration sensor 16 monitor the temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration in the box 1.

[0048] If it is monitored that the temperature in the box 1 is too low, the heating plate 20 is controlled to start to increase the temperature in the box 1; if it is monitored that the humidity in the box 1 is too low, the water pump 7 is controlled to start to pump the water in the water collecting tank 4 to be sprayed into the box 1 through the atomizing nozzles 28, so as to increase the humidity in the box 1, and the excess water is returned to the water collecting tank 4 through the screen one 6 for recycling; if it is monitored that the oxygen concentration in the box 1 is insufficient, the exhaust fan 14 is controlled to start, after the exhaust fan 14 is started, the gas enters from the screen two 18 and is discharged through the exhaust pipe 15, so as to promote the air permeability in the box 1 and increase the oxygen concentration.

[0049] The specific embodiment is only an explanation of the utility model, and is not a limitation of the utility model, and those skilled in the art can make modifications without creative contribution according to the needs after reading the specification, but as long as it is within the scope of the claims of the utility model, it is protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A forestry waste fermentation apparatus, characterized by, The application relates to a box (1) comprising a bottom opening (5), wherein the bottom of the box (1) is provided with a bottom plate (2) which is integrally connected with the box (1), the bottom of the bottom plate (2) is provided with supporting legs (3), the bottom of the bottom plate (2) is provided with a water collecting tank (4), the part of the bottom plate (2) covered by the box (1) is provided with an opening (5), the opening (5) is communicated with the water collecting tank (4) and the box (1), the opening (5) is provided with a screen (6) covering the opening (5), and the screen (6) only allows liquid to pass, the water collecting tank (4) is arranged along the length direction of the box (1), one end of the water collecting tank (4) is provided with a water pump (7), the top of the water pump (7) is provided with a water suction pipe (8), the top end of the side wall of the box (1) is provided with a first perforation (9), the bottom plate (2) is provided with a second perforation (10), the end of the water suction pipe (8) away from the water pump (7) is sequentially inserted into the box (1) through the second perforation (10) and the first perforation (9), the bottom end of the inner side wall of the box (1) is provided with a humidity sensor (11), the top of the bottom plate (2) is provided with a control cabinet (12), the control cabinet (12) is electrically connected with the humidity sensor (11) and the water pump (7). The top end of the side wall of one side of the box (1) is provided with a feeding hopper (13), and the feeding hopper (13) is provided with a crushing mechanism. The box (1) is provided with a turnover and stirring mechanism.

2. A forestry waste fermentation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The top end of the side wall of one side of the box (1) is provided with an exhaust fan (14) communicated with the box (1), the top of the exhaust fan (14) is provided with an exhaust pipe (15), one side of the exhaust fan (14) is provided with an oxygen concentration sensor (16), the bottom end of the side wall of one side of the box (1) is provided with a ventilation opening (17), the ventilation opening (17) is provided with a second screen (18) covering the ventilation opening (17), the second screen (18) only allows gas to pass, and the exhaust fan (14) and the oxygen concentration sensor (16) are electrically connected with the control cabinet (12).

3. A forestry waste fermentation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The inner side wall of the box (1) is provided with a temperature sensor (19), the bottom end of the side wall of one side of the box (1) is provided with a heating plate (20), and the temperature sensor (19) and the heating plate (20) are electrically connected with the control cabinet (12).

4. A forestry waste fermentation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein, Each side wall of the box (1) is made of heat-conducting material.

5. A forestry waste fermentation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The crushing mechanism comprises a first crushing roller (21), a second crushing roller (22), a first motor (23) and a second motor (24), the driving shaft of the first motor (23) is in transmission connection with the first crushing roller (21), the driving shaft of the second motor (24) is in transmission connection with the second crushing roller (22), and the first motor (23) and the second motor (24) are electrically connected with the control cabinet (12).

6. A forestry waste fermentation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The top of the box (1) is provided with a cover plate (25) covering the feeding hopper (13), and the cover plate (25) is hinged to the box (1).

7. A forestry waste fermentation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The turning and stirring mechanism comprises a turning and stirring roller (26) arranged along the length direction of the box body (1) and a third motor (27) whose driving shaft is in transmission connection with the turning and stirring roller (26), and the third motor (27) is electrically connected with the control cabinet (12).

8. A forestry waste fermentation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The side wall of the water collecting tank (4) away from one end of the water pump (7) is downwardly inclined to the end provided with the water pump (7).

9. A forestry waste fermentation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The part of the water pumping pipe (8) extending into the box body (1) is arranged along the length direction of the box body (1), and multiple atomizing nozzles (28) are uniformly and spacedly arranged on the bottom of the part of the water pumping pipe (8) extending into the box body (1).

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