Multi-stage waste heat recovery control system for hydrogen fuel cell

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multistage waste heat recovery control system for a hydrogen fuel cell. The multistage waste heat recovery control system comprises a main heat dissipation loop for heat dissipation of a hydrogen fuel cell stack, an auxiliary heat dissipation loop for heat dissipation of electrical components in the hydrogen fuel cell, and a multistage thermoelectric power generation module, the multi-stage thermoelectric power generation module comprises a first-stage thermoelectric power generation module and a second-stage thermoelectric power generation module; the hot end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module is connected with the main heat dissipation loop, and the cold end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module is connected with the auxiliary heat dissipation loop; the hot end of the second-stage thermoelectric power generation module is connected with the auxiliary heat dissipation loop, and the cold end of the second-stage thermoelectric power generation module is connected with the external environment. Different thermoelectric power generation modules are matched by adopting a gradient utilization form, so that the thermal efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the power generation efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to new energy technology field especially relates to a hydrogen fuel cell multistage waste heat recovery control system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The hydrogen fuel cell system produces heat in the reaction process, and this part of heat is generally transmitted to the outside air through a radiator. On the other hand, the electrical components in the fuel cell system also need a radiator to maintain normal operating temperature to avoid overheating, thereby causing energy waste.

[0003] Therefore, how to improve the efficiency of waste heat utilization of hydrogen fuel cells is a problem we need to solve. SUMMARY

[0004] The embodiment of the application provides a hydrogen fuel cell multistage waste heat recovery control system, which improves the efficiency of waste heat utilization of hydrogen fuel cells.

[0005] In a first aspect, the application provides a hydrogen fuel cell multistage waste heat recovery control system, comprising: a main heat dissipation circuit for heat dissipation of a hydrogen fuel cell stack, an auxiliary heat dissipation circuit for heat dissipation of electrical components in the hydrogen fuel cell, and a multistage thermoelectric power generation module.

[0006] The multistage thermoelectric power generation module comprises a first-stage thermoelectric power generation module and a second-stage thermoelectric power generation module.

[0007] The hot end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module is connected with the main heat dissipation circuit, and the cold end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module is connected with the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit. The hot end of the second-stage thermoelectric power generation module is connected with the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit, and the cold end of the second-stage thermoelectric power generation module is connected with the external environment.

[0008] Optionally, the main heat dissipation circuit comprises a hydrogen fuel cell stack, an intercooler, a high-pressure water heating heater, a high-temperature radiator, a high-pressure water pump I, and a main water tank.

[0009] The outlet end of the stack is connected with the inlet of the hot end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module and the inlet end of the high-temperature radiator, the outlet of the hot end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module is connected with the inlet end of the high-temperature radiator, the outlet end of the high-temperature radiator is connected with the inlet end of the high-pressure water pump I and the inlet end of the main water tank, the outlet end of the main water tank is connected with the inlet end of the high-pressure water pump I, the outlet end of the high-pressure water pump I is connected with the inlet end of the stack and the inlet end of the intercooler, the exhaust end of the stack is connected with the air inlet end of the main water tank, the outlet end of the intercooler is connected with the inlet of the hot end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module, the inlet end of the high-pressure water heating heater is connected with the outlet end of the stack, and the outlet end of the high-pressure water heating heater is connected with the inlet end of the high-pressure water pump I.

[0010] Optionally, the cooling liquid of the intercooler and the outlet end of the electric pile flows through the hot end of the primary thermoelectric generator module; the cooling liquid of the outlet end of the low-temperature radiator of the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit flows through the cold end of the primary thermoelectric generator module; the temperature of the cooling liquid of the intercooler and the outlet end of the electric pile is greater than the temperature of the cooling liquid of the outlet end of the low-temperature radiator of the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit.

[0011] Optionally, the main heat dissipation circuit further comprises a three-way valve I and a three-way valve II.

[0012] The first end of the three-way valve I is connected with the outlet end of the electric pile and the outlet end of the intercooler respectively, the second end of the three-way valve I is connected with the inlet of the hot end of the primary thermoelectric generator module, and the third end of the three-way valve I is connected with the first end of the three-way valve II; the second end of the three-way valve II is connected with the inlet end of the high-pressure water heating heater, and the third end of the three-way valve II is connected with the inlet end of the high-temperature radiator.

[0013] In the low-temperature starting stage of the electric pile, the first end and the third end of the three-way valve I are conducted, and the second end is closed; the first end and the second end of the three-way valve II are conducted, and the third end is closed, so as to control the cooling liquid to be heated by the high-pressure water heating heater and not to flow through the primary thermoelectric generator module.

[0014] In the stable running stage of the electric pile, the first end and the second end of the three-way valve I are conducted, and the third end is closed; the first end and the third end of the three-way valve II are conducted, and the second end is closed, so as to control the cooling liquid to flow through the primary thermoelectric generator module and the high-temperature radiator.

[0015] Optionally, the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit comprises a DC / DC, a controller, an air compressor, a low-temperature radiator, a high-pressure water pump II and an auxiliary water tank.

[0016] The inlet of the hot end of the secondary thermoelectric generator module is connected with the outlet end of the DC / DC and the air compressor respectively, the outlet of the hot end of the secondary thermoelectric generator module is connected with the inlet end of the low-temperature radiator, the outlet end of the low-temperature radiator is connected with the inlet end of the auxiliary water tank and the inlet end of the high-pressure water pump II respectively, the outlet end of the auxiliary water tank is connected with the inlet end of the high-pressure water pump II, the outlet end of the high-pressure water pump II is connected with the inlet of the cold end of the primary thermoelectric generator module, the outlet of the cold end of the primary thermoelectric generator module is connected with the inlet of the DC / DC and the inlet of the controller respectively, and the outlet of the controller is connected with the inlet of the air compressor.

[0017] Optionally, the cooling liquid of the outlet end of the DC / DC and the air compressor flows through the hot end of the secondary thermoelectric generator module.

[0018] The temperature of the cooling liquid at the output end of the DC / DC and the air compressor is greater than the temperature of the external environment.

[0019] Optionally, the temperature of the hot end of the first-stage thermoelectric generation module is greater than the temperature of the hot end of the second-stage thermoelectric generation module.

[0020] The one or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0021] The utility model discloses a kind of hydrogen fuel cell multistage waste heat recovery control systems, comprising: main heat dissipation circuit for hydrogen fuel cell stack heat dissipation, auxiliary heat dissipation circuit for hydrogen fuel cell electrical component heat dissipation and multistage thermoelectric generation module;The multistage thermoelectric generation module includes first-stage thermoelectric generation module and second-stage thermoelectric generation module;The hot end of the first-stage thermoelectric generation module is connected with the main heat dissipation circuit, and the cold end of the first-stage thermoelectric generation module is connected with the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit;The hot end of the second-stage thermoelectric generation module is connected with the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit, and the cold end of the second-stage thermoelectric generation module is connected with external environment.By adopting the form of ladder utilization, different thermoelectric generation modules are matched, the thermal efficiency of hydrogen fuel cell is greatly improved, and the power generation efficiency is improved simultaneously.

[0022] The above description is only a summary of the technical scheme of the utility model, in order to more clearly understand the technical means of the utility model, which can be implemented according to the content of the specification, and in order to let the above and other purposes, characteristics and advantages of the utility model can be more obvious and easy to understand, the following specific embodiment of the utility model is described. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a description of the preferred embodiments and are not meant to limit the scope of the utility model. Moreover, the same reference numerals in the attached drawings refer to the same or similar components. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic view of the hydrogen fuel cell multistage waste heat recovery control system of the utility model embodiment; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the utility model embodiment clearer, the technical scheme in the utility model embodiment will be described clearly and completely in the following with the drawings in the utility model embodiment. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all the embodiments. The components of the utility model embodiments described and shown in the drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0026] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of the application. Based upon the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments that would be obtained by one of ordinary skill in the art without having to make inventive efforts fall within the scope of the present application.

[0027] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, it is not necessary to further define and explain it in subsequent drawings.

[0028] In the description of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "arrange", "mount", "connect", "connect" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the communication inside two elements. For ordinary skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0029] In combination with Figure 1 As shown in the drawings, the present application provides a kind of hydrogen fuel cell multistage waste heat recovery control system, the system includes: the main heat dissipation circuit for hydrogen fuel cell stack heat dissipation, the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit for hydrogen fuel cell electrical component heat dissipation and multistage thermoelectric module;

[0030] Among them, multistage thermoelectric module includes one-stage thermoelectric module and two-stage thermoelectric module;

[0031] The cooling liquid flows in the main heat dissipation circuit and the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit, for the heat dissipation of stack and electrical component.

[0032] The hot end of one-stage thermoelectric module is connected with the main heat dissipation circuit, and the cooling liquid in the main heat dissipation circuit flows through the hot end of one-stage thermoelectric module, which is equivalent to the heat source of one-stage thermoelectric module.

[0033] The cold end of one-stage thermoelectric module is connected with the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit, and the cooling liquid in the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit flows through the cold end of one-stage thermoelectric module, which is equivalent to the cold source of one-stage thermoelectric module.

[0034] The hot end of two-stage thermoelectric module is connected with the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit, and the cooling liquid in the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit flows through the hot end of two-stage thermoelectric module, which is equivalent to the heat source of two-stage thermoelectric module

[0035] The cold end of the two-stage thermoelectric power generation module is connected with the external environment, and the temperature of the external environment is equivalent to the cold source of the two-stage thermoelectric power generation module.

[0036] In the embodiment, the main heat dissipation circuit comprises a hydrogen fuel cell stack, an intercooler, a high-pressure water heating heater, a high-temperature radiator, a high-pressure water pump I and a main water tank.

[0037] The outlet end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is connected with the inlet end of the high-temperature radiator and the inlet end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module, the outlet end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module is connected with the inlet end of the high-temperature radiator, the outlet end of the high-temperature radiator is connected with the inlet end of the high-pressure water pump I and the inlet end of the main water tank, the outlet end of the main water tank is connected with the inlet end of the high-pressure water pump I, the outlet end of the high-pressure water pump I is connected with the inlet end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the inlet end of the intercooler, the exhaust end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is connected with the inlet end of the main water tank, the outlet end of the intercooler is connected with the inlet end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module, the inlet end of the high-pressure water heating heater is connected with the outlet end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack, and the outlet end of the high-pressure water heating heater is connected with the inlet end of the high-pressure water pump I.

[0038] It should be noted that the cooling liquid of the intercooler and the outlet end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack flows through the hot end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module, which has the highest cooling liquid temperature (>80℃) and flow of the main heat dissipation circuit and can be used as the heat source of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module; the cooling liquid of the outlet end of the low-temperature radiator of the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit flows through the cold end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module, which has a lower temperature (<60℃) after being cooled by the low-temperature radiator and can be used as the cold source of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module.

[0039] Therefore, it is not difficult to see that the temperature of the cooling liquid of the intercooler and the outlet end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is higher than that of the cooling liquid of the outlet end of the low-temperature radiator of the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit.

[0040] In the embodiment, the main heat dissipation circuit further comprises a three-way valve I and a three-way valve II.

[0041] The first end of the three-way valve I is connected with the outlet end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the outlet end of the intercooler, the second end of the three-way valve I is connected with the inlet end of the hot end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module, the third end of the three-way valve I is connected with the first end of the three-way valve II, the second end of the three-way valve II is connected with the inlet end of the high-pressure water heating heater, and the third end of the three-way valve II is connected with the inlet end of the high-temperature radiator.

[0042] In the low-temperature starting stage of the electric pile, the first end and the third end of the three-way valve I are open, and the second end is closed; the first end and the second end of the three-way valve II are open, and the third end is closed, so as to control the cooling liquid to be heated by the high-pressure water heater and not to flow through the primary thermoelectric module, thereby shortening the starting time.

[0043] In the stable running stage of the electric pile, the first end and the second end of the three-way valve I are open, and the third end is closed; the first end and the third end of the three-way valve II are open, and the second end is closed, so as to control the cooling liquid to flow through the primary thermoelectric module and the high-temperature radiator, thereby providing a stable heat source for the thermoelectric module.

[0044] In the present embodiment, the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit comprises a DC / DC, a controller, an air compressor, a low-temperature radiator, a high-pressure water pump II and an auxiliary water tank.

[0045] The inlet of the hot end of the secondary thermoelectric module is connected with the outlet of the DC / DC and the air compressor, the outlet of the hot end of the secondary thermoelectric module is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature radiator, the outlet of the low-temperature radiator is connected with the inlet of the auxiliary water tank and the inlet of the high-pressure water pump II, the outlet of the auxiliary water tank is connected with the inlet of the high-pressure water pump II, the outlet of the high-pressure water pump II is connected with the inlet of the cold end of the primary thermoelectric module, the outlet of the cold end of the primary thermoelectric module is connected with the inlet of the DC / DC and the inlet of the controller, and the outlet of the controller is connected with the inlet of the air compressor.

[0046] The cooling liquid flowing out of the DC / DC and the air compressor flows through the hot end of the secondary thermoelectric module, and the cooling liquid at this position is heated by the electrical components and has the highest temperature (about 65℃) of the cooling liquid in the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit, which can be used as the heat source of the secondary thermoelectric module.

[0047] The temperature of the cooling liquid flowing out of the DC / DC and the air compressor is higher than the temperature of the external environment, and the temperature of the external environment is the lowest (generally less than 40℃) and relatively stable, which can be used as the cold source of the secondary thermoelectric module.

[0048] As can be seen, the temperature of the hot end of the primary thermoelectric module is higher than the temperature of the hot end of the secondary thermoelectric module.

[0049] The applicable temperature of the primary thermoelectric module is higher than that of the secondary thermoelectric module, that is, the primary thermoelectric module has a higher power generation efficiency in the temperature range of 60℃-80℃ of the cold and hot sources and the temperature range of normal temperature-65℃.

[0050] In addition, in combination with the above-mentioned embodiments, the following embodiments can also be combined. Figure 1As shown, the primary thermoelectric module and the secondary thermoelectric module adopt semiconductor thermoelectric materials, and the electric energy generated by the semiconductor thermoelectric materials can directly supply power to the control system after being boosted by the voltage converter.

[0051] In summary, the hydrogen fuel cell multistage waste heat recovery control system has the advantages that the cooling liquid temperature of the main heat dissipation circuit is greater than the cooling liquid temperature of the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit, which is greater than the ambient temperature, and the temperatures of the three are relatively stable, so that stable temperature differences can be provided at the two ends of different thermoelectric modules, thereby obtaining stable voltage output, and then the control system is directly powered after being boosted by the voltage converter.

[0052] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art can make further changes and modifications to the embodiments once they know the basic inventive concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including all the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present application.

[0053] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell multistage waste heat recovery control system, characterized by, The application relates to a main heat dissipation circuit for heat dissipation of a hydrogen fuel cell stack, an auxiliary heat dissipation circuit for heat dissipation of electrical components in a hydrogen fuel cell and a multi-stage thermoelectric power generation module. The multi-stage thermoelectric power generation module comprises a first-stage thermoelectric power generation module and a second-stage thermoelectric power generation module. The hot end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module is connected with the main heat dissipation circuit, and the cold end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module is connected with the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit; the hot end of the second-stage thermoelectric power generation module is connected with the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit, and the cold end of the second-stage thermoelectric power generation module is connected with the external environment. The main heat dissipation circuit comprises a stack of a hydrogen fuel cell, a middle cooler, a high-pressure water heating device, a high-temperature radiator, a high-pressure water pump I and a main water tank.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein, The outlet end of the stack is connected with the inlet of the hot end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module and the inlet end of the high-temperature radiator; the outlet of the hot end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module is connected with the inlet end of the high-temperature radiator; the outlet end of the high-temperature radiator is connected with the inlet end of the high-pressure water pump I and the inlet end of the main water tank; the outlet end of the main water tank is connected with the inlet end of the high-pressure water pump I; the outlet end of the high-pressure water pump I is connected with the inlet end of the stack and the inlet end of the middle cooler; the exhaust end of the stack is connected with the air inlet end of the main water tank; the outlet end of the middle cooler is connected with the inlet of the hot end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module; the inlet end of the high-pressure water heating device is connected with the outlet end of the stack; and the outlet end of the high-pressure water heating device is connected with the inlet end of the high-pressure water pump I. The cooling liquid of the middle cooler and the outlet end of the stack flows through the hot end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module; the cooling liquid of the outlet end of the low-temperature radiator of the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit flows through the cold end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module; and the temperature of the cooling liquid of the middle cooler and the outlet end of the stack is higher than that of the cooling liquid of the outlet end of the low-temperature radiator of the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein, The main heat dissipation circuit further comprises a three-way valve I and a three-way valve II.

4. The system of claim 2, wherein, The first end of the three-way valve I is connected with the outlet end of the stack and the outlet end of the middle cooler; the second end of the three-way valve I is connected with the inlet of the hot end of the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module; and the third end of the three-way valve I is connected with the first end of the three-way valve II; the second end of the three-way valve II is connected with the inlet end of the high-pressure water heating device; and the third end of the three-way valve II is connected with the inlet end of the high-temperature radiator. In the low-temperature starting stage of the stack, the first end and the third end of the three-way valve I are turned on, and the second end is turned off; the first end and the second end of the three-way valve II are turned on, and the third end is turned off, so as to control the cooling liquid to be heated by the high-pressure water heating device and not to flow through the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module; In the stable running stage of the stack, the first end and the second end of the three-way valve I are turned on, and the third end is turned off; the first end and the third end of the three-way valve II are turned on, and the second end is turned off, so as to control the cooling liquid to flow through the first-stage thermoelectric power generation module and the high-temperature radiator. The auxiliary heat dissipation circuit comprises a DC / DC, a controller, an air compressor, a low-temperature radiator, a high-pressure water pump II and an auxiliary water tank.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein, ​ The inlet of the hot end of the secondary thermoelectric generator module is connected with the outlet of the DC / DC and the air compressor respectively, the outlet of the hot end of the secondary thermoelectric generator module is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature radiator, the outlet of the low-temperature radiator is connected with the inlet of the auxiliary water tank and the inlet of the high-pressure water pump II respectively, the outlet of the auxiliary water tank is connected with the inlet of the high-pressure water pump II, the outlet of the high-pressure water pump II is connected with the inlet of the cold end of the primary thermoelectric generator module, the outlet of the cold end of the primary thermoelectric generator module is connected with the inlet of the DC / DC and the inlet of the controller respectively, and the outlet of the controller is connected with the inlet of the air compressor.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein, The cooling liquid of the outlet of the DC / DC and the air compressor flows through the hot end of the secondary thermoelectric generator module. The temperature of the cooling liquid of the outlet of the DC / DC and the air compressor is greater than the temperature of the external environment.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein, The temperature of the hot end of the primary thermoelectric generator module is greater than the temperature of the hot end of the secondary thermoelectric generator module. The temperature of the cooling liquid of the outlet of the DC / DC and the air compressor is greater than the temperature of the external environment. The temperature of the hot end of the primary thermoelectric generator module is greater than the temperature of the hot end of the secondary thermoelectric generator module.

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