Screening equipment for selecting simulated bone materials and cancellous structures
By designing a screening device to measure the torque data of simulated implant screws being screwed into the test block, the problem that traditional simulated bone materials cannot accurately simulate bone texture is solved, and more precise selection and training effects of simulated bone materials are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422954466.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-02
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-23
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-02
AI Technical Summary
In traditional dental implant surgery training, the use of artificial bone materials cannot accurately simulate the texture of different types of bone, leading to a decline in training levels and an inability to meet the stringent requirements of clinical operation.
A screening device for selecting simulated bone materials and cancellous structures was designed, including a test block fixing mechanism, a rotation drive device, a counterweight mechanism, a screwdriver, a torque measuring instrument, and a controller. By measuring the torque data when the simulated implant is screwed into the test block, the device analyzes and selects suitable simulated bone materials and their internal trabecular bone structure.
It achieves accurate selection of bone-like materials, simulates the feel of various bone types more closely to reality, reduces subjective errors, improves training effect, and has a simple structure, is easy to operate and has a low cost.
Smart Images
Figure CN223711372U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to a material verification equipment applied to the oral clinical teaching field, in particular to a screening equipment for selecting simulation bone material and cancellous structure. BACKGROUND
[0002] The training of oral implant surgery needs implant training model, and the simulation bone material in the model is particularly crucial, according to the clinical classic theory, the bone is divided into four categories according to the thickness of bone cortex (also called compact bone) and the different bone trabecula density in cancellous bone (also called bone cancellous, spongy bone), the first category of bone is the most difficult to attack into the implant nail, that is, the greater the torque is needed, and the implant nail is easily broken by accident, the fourth category of bone is the most easy to attack into the implant nail, but the retention force of the implant nail is insufficient. The clinical operation method corresponding to different bone categories is different. Therefore, the oral implant surgery training class has the requirement of specifying which bone category the specific simulation bone material imitates.
[0003] On the traditional training class, in order to train the feeling of the doctor after drilling a hole on the alveolar bone and screwing the implant nail, oak or maple block is used to simulate the first category of bone, white pine or spruce is used to simulate the second category of bone, balsa wood is used to simulate the third category of bone, and foamed polystyrene is used to simulate the fourth category of bone. Although this simulation material is supported in the academic field, it cannot be shaped into a bone model, and the traditional simulation bone material, no matter what material, shaping method or internal bone trabecula density design, cannot be directly used to represent the texture of the four categories of bone required by the classic clinical requirements, resulting in that the bone quality operated by the doctor on the oral implant model cannot be strictly corresponding to the required four categories of bone quality, and the training level is discounted. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL
[0004] In order to make up for the above shortcomings, the utility model provides a screening equipment for selecting simulation bone material and cancellous structure, which can accurately select the simulation bone material and the internal simulation bone trabecula density size.
[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is: a screening device for selecting simulated bone materials and cancellous structures, including a test block fixing mechanism, a fixing frame, a rotary drive device, a counterweight mechanism, a screwdriver, a torque measuring instrument, and a controller. The torque measuring instrument is fixedly installed below the fixing frame. The test block fixing mechanism is fixedly installed on the measuring worktable of the torque measuring instrument. The test block fixing mechanism can fix and position the implanted bone test block to be tested. The screwdriver is rotatable in the circumferential direction and can move up and down axially by a set distance and is installed on the fixing frame. The lower end of the screwdriver has a flower pattern that matches the head of the simulated implant nail to be locked on the implanted bone test block. The rotary drive device is installed on the fixing frame and can drive the screwdriver to rotate. The counterweight mechanism is installed on the fixing frame and can move up and down. The counterweight mechanism provides axial downward pressure to the screwdriver. The torque measuring instrument can detect the torque applied by the screw to the implanted bone test block. The controller controls the start and stop and forward and reverse drive of the rotary drive device.
[0006] As a further improvement of this utility model, a lever plate is fixedly installed at the power output end of the rotary drive device. A counterweight support plate is installed on the lever plate, which is circumferentially stopped and axially slidable by a set distance. A screwdriver holder is fixedly installed on the counterweight support plate, and the upper end of the screwdriver can be fixedly inserted into the screwdriver holder. The counterweight mechanism consists of several counterweight plates, which can be stacked on the counterweight support plate.
[0007] As a further improvement of this utility model, the lever folding plate is a U-shaped structure with an open top. The bottom surface of the U-shaped structure of the lever folding plate is fixedly connected to the power output end of the rotary drive device. The two side walls of the U-shaped structure of the lever folding plate are respectively provided with longitudinally extending slots. The two side walls of the counterweight support plate are respectively provided with outwardly extending sliding inserts. The sliding inserts on the two side walls of the counterweight support plate can be slidably inserted into the slots.
[0008] As a further improvement of this utility model, a limiting post is fixedly provided on the upper surface of the counterweight support plate, and a limiting hole is provided on the counterweight plate. The limiting post can be inserted into the limiting hole of each counterweight plate stacked on the counterweight support plate, thereby positioning the counterweight plate in the horizontal direction.
[0009] As a further improvement of this utility model, the inner side of the screwdriver holder is provided with a non-circular screwdriver insertion hole that matches the non-circular cross-sectional shape of the upper end of the screwdriver. The upper end of the screwdriver is inserted into the screwdriver insertion hole in a circumferential direction. At least one locking screw is provided on the side wall of the screwdriver holder. The end of the locking screw can abut against the outer circumferential surface of the upper end of the screwdriver, thereby stopping and positioning the screwdriver.
[0010] As a further improvement of the utility model, the rotating driving device comprises a motor, a driving gear and a driven gear, the motor is fixedly installed on the fixed frame, the motor power output end is coaxially fixedly connected with the driving gear, the driven gear is installed on the fixed frame and can rotate in the circumferential direction and is axially stopped by the shaft sleeve, the driven gear is in meshing transmission with the driving gear, the handle folding plate is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the driven gear, and the lower end of the screwdriver passes through the shaft sleeve inner hole.
[0011] As a further improvement of the utility model, the test block fixing mechanism comprises an experimental block fixing plate, the experimental block fixing plate is provided with an experimental block fixing threaded hole and a torque measuring instrument connecting hole, the torque measuring instrument comprises a fixed base plate, a torque sensor, a measuring workbench, a horizontal position adjusting mechanism and a movable clamp block, the lower end of the torque sensor is fixedly installed on the fixed base plate, the measuring workbench is fixedly installed on the upper end of the torque sensor, the movable clamp block is slidably installed on the measuring workbench, the horizontal position adjusting mechanism can drive the movable clamp block to slide in the horizontal direction and has two relative straight lines on the measuring workbench, and the movable clamp block sliding to any position is stopped and positioned.
[0012] As a further improvement of the utility model, the torque measuring instrument and the controller communicate through wired or wireless mode, the controller is provided with a torque storage and output module, the measurement data of the torque measuring instrument is transmitted to the controller and is stored and data read output by the torque storage and output module of the controller.
[0013] A screening method of simulating bone material and cancellous structure, comprising the following steps:
[0014] Step one: design and manufacture a simulation implant which matches the material and the most commonly used size of the clinical implant, in order to ensure that the measured torque is not affected by the wear of the simulation implant in each test, the simulation implant is preferably used once, the clinical implant is very expensive, the implant used in the utility model is customized according to the material, the most commonly used size and the needs of the test device of the actual clinical implant, the head of the simulation implant is preferably an internal hexagonal shape, compared with a cross head and a straight head, even if the torque is relatively large when being screwed in, the screwdriver bit is not easy to come out upward, the diameter of the screw is close to the most commonly used dental implant, such as M4, the thread pitch and the thread angle of the simulation implant are close to the commonly used dental implant, such as 0.7mm, the screw tip of the simulation implant is close to the shape of the commonly used dental implant, has a certain taper, the small diameter of the simulation implant is slightly larger than the bottom hole diameter of the bone implant test block, such as the bottom hole of the implant bone test block is 3.0mm, the small diameter of the screw is 3.1mm, the thread length of the simulation implant is greater than the thickness of the bone implant test block, such as the thread length of the simulation implant is 17mm, the thread pitch is 0.7mm, and the maximum number of turns is 24-25 turns.
[0015] Step two: design and make the bone implant test block, which is formed from top to bottom in sequence of the upper cortical bone simulation layer, the cancellous bone simulation layer and the lower cortical bone simulation layer, and is provided with a bottom hole for the simulated implant screw to be screwed into, and is also provided with at least two experimental block mounting holes, and the lower end of the bone implant test block is provided with a lower convex air-avoiding foot outside the periphery of the bottom hole;
[0016] The test block is generally 3D printed, and can also be cast. During detection, the bone implant test block is divided into three layers of the upper cortical bone simulation layer, the cancellous bone simulation layer (i.e. the simulated bone trabecular dense layer and the bone marrow gap layer), and the lower cortical bone simulation layer in the direction of the simulated implant screw from top to bottom. The clinical oral alveolar bone area implant only involves the upper cortical bone layer and the cancellous bone layer, while the transzygomatic implant and the transpterygoid implant are two high-difficulty clinical operations that require long implant screws to pass through the two cortical bone layers to obtain better retention stability. Considering this requirement, the bone implant test block is designed as a sandwich structure of the cortical bone simulation layer + the cancellous bone simulation layer + the cortical bone simulation layer;
[0017] For example, the central bottom hole of the test block corresponds to the size of the simulated implant screw, which is designed to be 3mm and penetrates the upper and lower three layers of the test block. The upper cortical bone simulation layer and the lower cortical bone simulation layer are both 2mm thick, and the thickness of the upper cortical bone simulation layer and the lower cortical bone simulation layer is uniform in the same group of tests;
[0018] The cancellous bone simulation layer is 9mm thick, plus the 2mm thickness of the upper and lower cortical bone simulation layers, and the implant screw is screwed in for 13mm. This length is shorter than the thread length of 17mm of the selected implant screw, which is just suitable;
[0019] The bottom of the bone implant test block is designed with an air-avoiding foot, which is to simulate that the implant screw tip passes through the test block without obstruction, preventing the simulated implant screw from being unable to be screwed into place;
[0020] Step three: fix and install the bone implant test block on the test block fixing mechanism, and then fix and install the test block fixing mechanism on the measurement workbench of the torque measuring instrument;
[0021] Step four: place the simulated implant screw on the bottom hole of the bone implant test block;
[0022] Step five: insert the pattern at the lower end of the screwdriver into the head pattern groove of the simulated implant screw;
[0023] Step six: install the counterweight mechanism according to the design requirements;
[0024] Step seven: start the rotary drive device through the controller to drive the screwdriver to rotate clockwise at a uniform speed to screw the simulated implant screw into the bottom hole of the test block.
[0025] Step eight: read torque data once per rotation of the screwdriver driven by the rotation driving device;
[0026] Step nine: calculate the depth of the simulated implant screw into the implant bone test block per rotation of the screwdriver, and plot a curve analysis diagram of the torque value as the ordinate and the depth of the simulated implant screw into the implant bone test block as the abscissa.
[0027] As a further improvement of the utility model, three directions perpendicular to each other are respectively X direction, Y direction and Z direction, wherein the Z direction is the up-down direction, and the bone marrow gap is simulated by a plurality of hollow tubes staggered and densely arranged along the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction in the cancellous bone simulation layer of the test block.
[0028] The cancellous bone simulation layer is characterized in that the anatomical structure of the densely arranged bone trabeculae is simulated, and the bone marrow gap between the bone trabeculae is empty. The bone marrow gap of the test block is simulated in the form of densely arranged hollow tubes. The pore size of the hollow tube is a key variable parameter of the test. The Z direction is inside the test block, and the small holes in the X and Y directions pass through the side surface of the test block. This design is easy to identify the differences between the test blocks, and most importantly, when the light-cured 3D printing is performed, if the holes are completely closed in the test block, the unhardened printing material will remain inside the test block, which will cause the test block to deteriorate and crack over time. In addition, the anatomy of the hollow tube can be circular, hexagonal or other shapes. For example, the hollow tube with a circular cross section is used, the hollow tube aperture of the same group of implant bone test blocks is set to 0.3mm to 1.5mm, and the interval is 0.1mm. There are a total of 13 different implant bone test blocks in a group of tests, and the hole spacing is uniform in the same group of tests.
[0029] The utility model discloses the beneficial effect is: the utility model discloses the simulation planting nail that matches the planting nail of actual clinical use makes it can be used as disposable, and the use cost is lower, the utility model still designs the four classification of the bone that needs to be planted to the bone test block of planting, and then simulates each classification bone. The three -layer structure of the upper layer bone cortical simulation layer, the middle layer bone marrow simulation layer and the lower layer bone cortical simulation layer of the design planting test block simulates the planting bone, the utility model measures the moment of force change data of each circle when the simulation planting nail is screwed into the test block of simulation bone, and analyzes and selects which material and internal bone marrow structure parameters can correspond four kinds of bones of simulation dental implant clinical theory. The torque data when the test block of the test material of planting nail is screwed into is measured to select the material of simulation alveolar bone in dental implant practical training model, and then the selection of various planting bones is more objective, avoids the error of subjective feeling selection, so that the operation feeling of the doctor in the planting model is closer to the reality. The utility model detects the planting bone test block using special equipment, and the equipment selects the size of the marrow gap feature of simulation alveolar bone by measuring the torque data when the test block of different internal size parameters is screwed into the planting nail and analyzing the data curve. The screening equipment of the utility model adopts motor to drive screwdriver to rotate through transmission mechanism, and the handle provides axial pressure for screwdriver through counterweight mechanism. This method of simulating screwing into the planting nail is more stable than clinical operation, and the measurement data is more accurate. The screening equipment structure of the utility model is simple, and convenient to operate. Only needs to read the torque data through the controller, saves the configuration cost of test. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0030] Figure 1 It is the simulation planting nail perspective drawing of the utility model;
[0031] Figure 2 It is the simulation planting nail front view of the utility model;
[0032] Figure 3 It is the first perspective drawing of the utility model's planting bone test block;
[0033] Figure 4 It is the second perspective drawing of the utility model's planting bone test block;
[0034] Figure 5 It is the front view of the utility model's planting bone test block;
[0035] Figure 6 It is Figure 5 The section view of A-A direction in middle;
[0036] Figure 7 It is Figure 5 The section view of B-B direction in middle;
[0037] Figure 8 The left view of the experimental bone planting block of the utility model;
[0038] Figure 9 The bottom view of the experimental bone planting block of the utility model;
[0039] Figure 10 For Figure 9 The middle C-C cross-sectional view;
[0040] Figure 11 The screwdriver of the utility model is a perspective view;
[0041] Figure 12 The front view of the screwdriver of the utility model;
[0042] Figure 13 The first perspective view of the screening equipment of the utility model;
[0043] Figure 14 The second perspective view of the screening equipment of the utility model;
[0044] Figure 15 The front view of the screening equipment of the utility model;
[0045] Figure 16 The right view of the screening equipment of the utility model;
[0046] Figure 17 For Figure 17 The middle D-D cross-sectional view;
[0047] Figure 18 The rear view of the screening equipment of the utility model;
[0048] Figure 19 The top view of the screening equipment of the utility model;
[0049] Figure 20 The perspective view of the counterweight support plate of the utility model;
[0050] Figure 21 The screw-in distance and torque data curve analysis diagram of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0051] Embodiment: a screening device for selecting simulated bone material and cancellous structure, comprising a test block fixing mechanism, a fixed frame 1, a rotary drive device, a counterweight mechanism, a screwdriver 2, a torque measuring instrument and a controller, the torque measuring instrument is fixedly arranged below the fixed frame 1, the test block fixing mechanism is fixedly installed on the measuring workbench 16 of the torque measuring instrument, the test block fixing mechanism can fix and position the implant bone test block 3 to be tested, the screwdriver 2 is circumferentially rotatable and axially movable to set a distance and is installed on the fixed frame 1, the lower end of the screwdriver 2 is provided with a pattern matched with the head of the simulated implant nail 4 to be locked on the implant bone test block 3, the rotary drive device is installed on the fixed frame 1, the rotary drive device can drive the screwdriver 2 to rotate, the counterweight mechanism is movably installed on the fixed frame 1, the counterweight mechanism provides an axial downward pressure to the screwdriver 2, the torque measuring instrument can detect the torque applied by the screw to the implant bone test block 3, and the controller controls the start and stop of the rotary drive device and the forward and reverse driving.
[0052] When in use, the implant bone test block 3 prepared in advance is fixed on the measuring workbench 16 of the torque measuring instrument through the test block fixing mechanism, then the simulated implant nail 4 is preassembled into the bottom hole 34 of the implant bone test block 3, the upper end of the screwdriver 2 passes through the fixed frame 1, the lower end of the screwdriver 2 is inserted into the pattern at the upper end of the simulated implant nail 4, the counterweight mechanism with a weight matched according to the design is selected, the counterweight mechanism provides a downward axial pressure to the screwdriver 2, the rotary drive device is started to drive the screwdriver 2 to rotate, the rotation of the screwdriver 2 causes the simulated implant nail 4 to be screwed into the bottom hole 34 of the implant bone test block 3, while the torque measuring instrument detects the screwing torque in real time and outputs data, after the simulated implant nail 4 is screwed into the implant bone test block 3 for a certain number of turns, the screwing depth reaches the required depth, at this time, the torque data of the implant bone test block 3 during the process of screwing the simulated implant nail 4 can be obtained, and then whether the implant bone test block 3 corresponds to various types of bone quality in the clinic can be judged according to the torque data, so as to facilitate the selection of simulated bone materials matched with various types of bone quality in the clinic.
[0053] The power output end of the rotary drive device is fixedly installed with a handle folding plate 5, the handle folding plate 5 is circumferentially stopped and axially slidably set with a distance and is installed with a counterweight support plate 6, the counterweight support plate 6 is fixedly installed with a screwdriver fixing seat 7, the upper end of the screwdriver 2 can be fixedly inserted into the screwdriver fixing seat 7, the counterweight mechanism is a plurality of counterweight plates 8, and the plurality of counterweight plates 8 can be stacked on the counterweight support plate 6.
[0054] The screwdriver fixing seat 7 is fixedly installed on the lower side of the counterweight support plate 6, the upper side of the counterweight support plate 6 is provided with downward pressure by a plurality of counterweight plates 8, when the screwdriver 2 is screwed into the simulated planting nail 4, the counterweight support plate 6 and the counterweight plates 8 on the upper side thereof will be lowered synchronously with the screwdriver 2, the number of the counterweight plates 8 is selected according to the axial pressure required by the screwdriver 2. The counterweight plates 8 are specially designed to have a specified weight, so that when the screw is screwed in, the specified weight of the counterweight plates 8 can provide a uniform axial force during screwing in, for example, two 250g counterweight plates 8 are added, and the handle folding plate 5 assembly is 0.5kg, a total of 1kg, which can provide an axial force of 1kg.
[0055] The handle folding plate 5 is a U-shaped structure with an open upper end, the bottom surface of the U-shaped structure of the handle folding plate 5 is fixedly connected with the power output end of the rotary driving device, the two side walls of the U-shaped structure of the handle folding plate 5 are respectively provided with longitudinally extending insertion grooves 51, the two side walls of the counterweight support plate 6 are respectively provided with outwardly extending sliding insertion pieces 61, and the sliding insertion pieces 61 on the two side walls of the counterweight support plate 6 can be inserted into the insertion grooves 51 in an up-and-down sliding manner.
[0056] When the power output end of the rotary driving device rotates, the handle folding plate 5 can be rotated synchronously to drive the screwdriver 2 to rotate synchronously, the screwdriver 2 drives the simulated planting nail 4 to rotate to be screwed into the bottom hole 34 of the planting bone test block 3, the insertion grooves 51 on the two side walls of the U-shaped structure of the handle folding plate 5 are preferably open at the upper end, which facilitates the installation of the counterweight support plate 6, the sliding insertion pieces 61 on the two side walls of the counterweight support plate 6 slide up and down in the insertion grooves 51 on the two side walls of the U-shaped structure of the handle folding plate 5 to realize synchronous lifting movement with the screwdriver 2, in addition to the above structure, the handle folding plate 5 can also be designed as a barrel-shaped structure with a non-circular cross section (such as a square), the counterweight support plate 6 is installed in the barrel-shaped structure, and the bottom surface of the barrel-shaped structure is designed to have a hollow part to realize the extension of the screwdriver 2, which is an equivalent replacement that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art according to the present application and belongs to the protection range of the present application.
[0057] The counterweight support plate 6 is further provided with a limiting column 62 fixed on the upper end face, the counterweight plate 8 is provided with a limiting hole, and the limiting column 62 can be inserted into the limiting hole of each counterweight plate 8 stacked on the counterweight support plate 6, thereby positioning the counterweight plate 8 in the horizontal direction.
[0058] The counterweight support plate 6 and the counterweight plate 8 are preferably designed as circular plate structures, the limiting column 62 is located at the center of the counterweight support plate 6, the central part of the counterweight support plate 6 is connected and fixed with the limiting column 62 through a countersunk screw, the limiting hole is located at the center of the counterweight plate 8, and the screwdriver fixing seat 7 is also fixed at the central position of the lower end of the counterweight support plate 6, so that pressure balance can be achieved, and uneven pressure distribution can be avoided, and the total weight of the screwdriver 2, the screwdriver fixing seat 7, the counterweight support plate 6, the limiting column 62 and the matching countersunk screw is preferably designed as 0.5 kg, and the weight is not too heavy to damage the thread of the planting bone test block 3 when the screw is screwed out.
[0059] The inner side of the screwdriver fixing seat 7 is provided with a non-circular screwdriver 2 insertion hole matched with the non-circular cross-sectional shape of the upper end of the screwdriver 2, the upper end of the screwdriver 2 is inserted into the screwdriver 2 insertion hole in the circumferential direction, and at least one locking screw 71 is arranged on the side wall of the screwdriver fixing seat 7, and the end of the locking screw 71 can abut against the outer side of the upper end of the screwdriver 2, so as to stop and position the screwdriver 2.
[0060] The screwdriver 2 insertion hole in the inner side of the screwdriver fixing seat 7 is preferably a hexagonal hole, the upper end of the screwdriver 2 is formed as a hexagonal connecting handle, the upper end of the screwdriver 2 is inserted into the screwdriver 2 insertion hole and can be stopped in the circumferential direction, and then the screwdriver 2 can be fixed and positioned by locking the locking screw 71, the structure is simple, the screwdriver 2 is convenient to install and disassemble, and the screwdriver 2 is fixed stably, in addition, a radial ring groove can also be arranged on the side wall of the upper end of the screwdriver 2, and an elastic clamping bead capable of sliding in the radial direction of the screwdriver 2 insertion hole is arranged on the side wall of the screwdriver 2 insertion hole of the screwdriver fixing seat 7, the screwdriver 2 is clamped by the elastic clamping bead to realize automatic axial positioning while being inserted, or a magnetic attraction device is arranged at the bottom of the screwdriver 2 insertion hole, and the axial positioning of the screwdriver 2 is realized by using the magnetic attraction mode, which is an equivalent replacement easily thought of by those skilled in the art according to the present application and belongs to the protection range of the present application.
[0061] The rotating driving device comprises a motor 9, a driving gear 10 and a driven gear 11, the motor 9 is fixedly installed on the fixed frame 1, the power output end of the motor 9 is coaxially and fixedly connected with the driving gear 10, the driven gear 11 is axially stopped and circumferentially rotatable installed on the fixed frame 1 through a shaft sleeve 12, the driven gear 11 is in meshing transmission with the driving gear 10, the handle folding plate 5 is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the driven gear 11, and the lower end of the screwdriver 2 penetrates through the inner hole of the shaft sleeve 12.
[0062] The motor 9 drives the primary gear 10 to rotate, and the primary gear 10 drives the driven gear 11 to rotate. The primary gear 10 is preferably a pinion gear, and the driven gear 11 is preferably a gear wheel, so that the speed reduction effect is achieved. The handle folding plate 5 is fixedly installed on the driven gear 11 (the gear wheel), and rotates synchronously with the driven gear 11, so as to drive the counterweight support plate 6, on which the screwdriver 2 is installed, to rotate synchronously. For example, the motor 9 is set to rotate at 100 rpm, the primary gear 10 has 30 teeth, and the driven gear has 150 teeth. In this way, the rotation speed of the screwdriver 2 is reduced to 20 rpm, which is consistent with the rotation speed of the mobile phone when the dental implant machine is used to screw the implant nail into the alveolar bone. In addition, the transmission ratio is reduced, so that even if the power of the motor 9 is small, a larger torque can be provided to the screwdriver 2. Preferably, the motor 9 is a closed-loop stepping motor 9 or a servo motor 9. The controller can control the stepping motor 9 or the servo motor 9 to drive the driven gear 11 to start counting the number of revolutions from any starting position, so as to read the torque data of each revolution. It is not necessary to install a position sensor to identify the number of revolutions.
[0063] The test block fixing mechanism comprises a test block fixing plate 13, a test block fixing threaded hole and a torque measuring instrument connecting hole are arranged on the test block fixing plate 13, the torque measuring instrument comprises a fixed base plate 14, a torque sensor 15, a measuring workbench 16, a horizontal position adjusting mechanism and a movable clamp block 17, the lower end of the torque sensor 15 is fixedly installed on the fixed base plate 14, the measuring workbench 16 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the torque sensor 15, the movable clamp block 17 is slidably installed on the measuring workbench 16 in the horizontal direction, the horizontal position adjusting mechanism can drive the two movable clamp blocks 17 to slide in the horizontal direction along the relative straight line on the measuring workbench 16, and the movable clamp blocks 17 sliding to any position are positioned.
[0064] The fixed frame 1 serves as a main structure frame, supports the transmission mechanism, and plays a role of penetrating shaft positioning when the screwdriver 2 screws the simulated implant nail 4.
[0065] The fixed frame 1 adopts a gantry structure, the lower ends of the two feet are fixedly arranged on the fixed base plate 14 of the torque measuring instrument, the crossbeam of the fixed frame 1 spans above the measuring workbench 16 of the torque measuring instrument, the central hole of the crossbeam is arranged to be penetrated by the screwdriver 2, the central hole is concentrically matched with the bottom hole 34 in the center of the implant bone test block 3, the shaft sleeve 12 and the sliding washer 18 are optimally arranged in the central hole of the fixed frame 1, so that the screwdriver 2 rotates smoothly and the friction is small when the driven gear 11 on the fixed frame 1 rotates. The central hole of the driven gear 11 (the gear wheel) is sleeved on the shaft sleeve 12 in the center of the fixed frame 1, and the sliding washer concentrically covering the central hole of the fixed frame 1 is covered by gravity. The motor 9 driving the gear to rotate is arranged on one side of the fixed frame 1.
[0066] The implant bone test block 3 is fixed on the underlying test block fixing plate by screwing the bottom hole 34 of the simulated implant screw 4 in the center of the implant bone test block 3, and then the test block fixing plate 13 is installed on the movable clamping block 17 through the connecting mechanism.
[0067] The torque measuring instrument and the controller communicate through wired or wireless mode, the controller is provided with torque storage and output module, the measurement data of the torque measuring instrument is transmitted to the controller and stored and data read output by the torque storage and output module of the controller.
[0068] The controller starts the forward rotation of the rotary drive device, so that the screwdriver 2 screws the simulated implant screw 4 into the implant bone test block 3, when the screwdriver 2 screws exactly one circle, the torque data is read from the torque measuring instrument, and so on, when the torque of the specified number of circles is read, the torque data is stored in the storage card, and the motor 9 is turned off. Subsequently, the operator removes the counterweight, the controller starts the reverse rotation of the rotary drive device, and the simulated implant screw 4 is screwed out of the implant bone test block 3, and the test is completed.
[0069] A screening method for simulating bone material and cancellous structure, the specific steps are as follows:
[0070] Step one: design and manufacture a simulated implant screw 4 matched with the material and most commonly used size of the implant screw used in the bed;
[0071] The size parameters of the simulated implant screw 4 are as follows:
[0072] Tooth distance: 0.7mm; tooth type angle: 60 degrees; thread major diameter: 4mm; thread minor diameter: 3.1mm; thread length: 17mm; head type: internal hexagonal countersunk head
[0073] Step two: use a light-cured material to manufacture an implant bone test block 3 by 3D printing, the implant bone test block 3 is sequentially formed from top to bottom as an upper bone cortical simulation layer 31, a bone cancellous simulation layer 32 and a lower bone cortical simulation layer 33, the implant bone test block 3 is provided with a bottom hole 34 for screwing in the simulated implant screw 4, and the implant bone test block 3 is also provided with at least two experimental block mounting holes 35, and the lower end of the implant bone test block 3 is provided with a lower protruding air clearance foot 36 outside the periphery of the bottom hole 34, and the physical properties of the light-cured material are as shown in the following table:
[0074] Density 1.10 ~ 1.15 g / cm3 Hardness 88 shore D Tensile strength 35 Mpa Tensile modulus 2300 Mpa Elongation at break 6％ Flexural strength 74 Mpa Flexural modulus 2091 Mpa Impact performance (notched) 25 J / m
[0075] The size parameters of the implant bone test block are as follows:
[0076] 1) The thickness of the upper bone cortical simulation layer 31 is 2mm;
[0077] 2) The thickness of the lower bone cortical simulation layer 33 is 2mm;
[0078] 3) The thickness of cancellous bone simulation layer 32: 9mm;
[0079] 4) The hollow tube cross-sectional shape of cancellous bone simulation layer: circular;
[0080] 5) The hollow tube center distance of cancellous bone simulation layer: 1.67mm;
[0081] 6) The hollow tube diameter of cancellous bone simulation layer of 13 kinds of test blocks are respectively: 0.3, 0.4, 0.5...1.5mm;
[0082] Step three: Fix the bone implant test block on the test block fixing mechanism, and then fix the test block fixing mechanism on the measuring workbench 16 of the torque measuring instrument;
[0083] Step four: Place the simulation implant nail 4 on the bottom hole 34 of the bone implant test block;
[0084] Step five: Insert the pattern at the lower end of the screwdriver 2 into the head pattern groove of the simulation implant nail 4;
[0085] Step six: Install the 0.5kg weight mechanism;
[0086] Step seven: Start the motor to drive the screwdriver 2 to rotate clockwise at a uniform speed to screw the simulation implant nail 4 into the bottom hole 34 of the bone implant test block 3;
[0087] Step eight: Read the torque data once for every rotation of the screwdriver 2 driven by the rotation driving device;
[0088] The torque data obtained when the bone implant test block 3 of 13 different hollow circular tube diameters of cancellous bone layer is screwed into the simulation implant nail 4 according to the above steps is shown in the following table;
[0089] Turn-in turns Turn-in distance Td0.3 Td0.4 Td0.5 Td0.6 Td0.7 Td0.8 Td0.9 Td1.0 Td1.1 Td1.2 Td1.3 Td1.4 Td1.5 1 0.70 0.018 0.013 0.012 0.010 0.016 0.010 0.011 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.018 0.013 0.020 2 1.40 0.049 0.022 0.023 0.043 0.028 0.027 0.023 0.022 0.051 0.060 0.032 0.023 0.060 3 2.10 0.123 0.091 0.065 0.115 0.100 0.085 0.066 0.054 0.112 0.114 0.086 0.069 0.122 4 2.80 0.183 0.172 0.137 0.192 0.170 0.150 0.117 0.105 0.173 0.161 0.140 0.123 0.162 5 3.50 0.261 0.245 0.208 0.243 0.233 0.206 0.162 0.153 0.230 0.194 0.183 0.163 0.175 6 4.20 0.332 0.291 0.270 0.272 0.257 0.247 0.181 0.174 0.235 0.183 0.193 0.171 0.163 7 4.90 0.382 0.338 0.320 0.283 0.258 0.245 0.178 0.181 0.220 0.172 0.184 0.159 0.146 8 5.60 0.460 0.386 0.350 0.284 0.260 0.244 0.166 0.168 0.206 0.174 0.166 0.148 0.138 9 6.30 0.519 0.403 0.372 0.308 0.260 0.242 0.164 0.161 0.192 0.170 0.160 0.142 0.138 10 7.00 0.608 0.440 0.387 0.312 0.272 0.255 0.164 0.162 0.202 0.168 0.158 0.137 0.140 11 7.70 0.668 0.468 0.419 0.331 0.283 0.247 0.161 0.150 0.196 0.165 0.152 0.135 0.139 12 8.40 0.750 0.507 0.426 0.348 0.297 0.259 0.169 0.152 0.201 0.165 0.150 0.137 0.136 13 9.10 0.820 0.563 0.460 0.364 0.298 0.263 0.178 0.159 0.197 0.167 0.149 0.132 0.134 14 9.80 0.831 0.603 0.465 0.378 0.298 0.262 0.179 0.163 0.201 0.166 0.153 0.130 0.131 15 10.50 0.918 0.646 0.494 0.396 0.308 0.263 0.174 0.167 0.197 0.165 0.147 0.133 0.126 16 11.20 1.000 0.680 0.516 0.408 0.318 0.273 0.178 0.166 0.198 0.170 0.149 0.126 0.123 17 11.90 1.019 0.720 0.538 0.437 0.336 0.285 0.180 0.170 0.209 0.177 0.159 0.127 0.132 18 12.60 1.083 0.765 0.561 0.470 0.380 0.322 0.207 0.192 0.242 0.247 0.203 0.151 0.152 19 13.30 1.150 0.789 0.583 0.561 0.472 0.402 0.251 0.231 0.332 0.327 0.258 0.214 0.212 20 14.00 1.125 0.852 0.632 0.597 0.496 0.479 0.326 0.300 0.388 0.331 0.339 0.280 0.261 21 14.70 1.162 0.885 0.716 0.589 0.528 0.496 0.346 0.340 0.403 0.393 0.392 0.317 0.268 22 15.40 1.131 0.889 0.727 0.561 0.494 0.476 0.333 0.330 0.383 0.374 0.401 0.313 0.240 23 16.10 1.036 0.852 0.701 0.534 0.453 0.444 0.325 0.308 0.362 0.344 0.358 0.291 0.238 24 16.80 1.050 0.826 0.659 0.522 0.443 0.431 0.316 0.297 0.353 0.341 0.358 0.283 0.237 25 17.50 1.058 0.816 0.642 0.518 0.436 0.423 0.303 0.283 0.342 0.336 0.353 0.277 0.235
[0090] Step nine: Calculate the depth of the simulation implant nail 4 screwed into the bone implant test block 3 for every rotation of the screwdriver 2, and draw a screwing distance and torque data curve analysis graph with the depth of the simulation implant nail 4 screwed into the bone implant test block 3 as the horizontal coordinate and the torque value as the vertical coordinate, as shown in Figure 21 ;
[0091] We can easily select from the graph which bone cancellous bone parameter design value can correspond to which type of bone required by dental implant clinical requirements.
[0092] In the graph we mark the curve range of 0-2mm is the upper cortical bone simulation layer 31, 2-11mm is the cancellous bone simulation layer 32, 11-13mm is the lower cortical bone simulation layer 33. Considering the implant will go out of the lower cortical bone simulation layer 33 when the zygomatic and pterygoid implants are implanted, if we allow 2mm to go out, we can observe that the curve range should be 0-16mm is enough.
[0093] From the curve trend, we can see that the torque value is constantly increasing, from the last turn to the next turn, the residual torque of the last turn will be added to the torque value generated in this turn. We can actually summarize a formula from these curve data to generalize the torque change in the material drilling process, that is, to form a mathematical model.
[0094] The two horizontal lines of 0.35N.m and 0.45N.m in the graph represent the most common torque range set by the dental implant machine when the implant screw is screwed into the alveolar bone. The two lines are located in the approximate middle range of the 13 curves, indicating that we want to match 4 types of bone from 13 designs, with a relatively large margin, indicating that the selected material is relatively suitable for simulating alveolar bone.
[0095] In the 13 curves of this example, we first eliminate d0.3 and d1.5, two extreme designs, because 0.3mm small aperture and 1.5mm aperture lead to thin wall thickness, which has a high scrap rate when produced by 3D printing, and the two curves are also far from the torque value required by clinical implantation, so it is unnecessary.
[0096] Then we find d0.5 or d0.6 as type 2 bone in the 0.35-0.45N.m wide cancellous bone simulation layer range, so that d0.4 with higher density than d0.5 is used as type 1 bone, and d0.7 or d0.8 with lower density than d0.6 is used as type 3 bone, and the remaining d0.9-d1.4 with lower density can be used as type 4 bone. Whether type 2 bone uses d0.5 or d0.6, and whether type 3 bone uses d0.7 or d0.8, we can try to make samples and confirm the selection by dentists with rich implant experience for the sake of perfection. This greatly saves the time and cost of selecting simulation alveolar bone materials and determining cancellous bone design parameters.
Claims
1. A screening device for selecting simulated bone material and cancellous structure, characterized by: The application relates to a torque testing device for a screwdriver, which comprises a test block fixing mechanism, a fixing frame (1), a rotary driving device, a counterweight mechanism, a screwdriver (2), a torque measuring instrument and a controller, wherein the torque measuring instrument is fixedly arranged below the fixing frame, the test block fixing mechanism is fixedly arranged on a measuring workbench of the torque measuring instrument, the test block fixing mechanism can fix and position a test block (3) of a planted bone to be tested, the screwdriver is circumferentially rotatable and axially liftable to a set distance and is arranged on the fixing frame, the lower end of the screwdriver is provided with a pattern matched with the head of an analog implant nail (4) to be locked on the test block of the planted bone, the rotary driving device is arranged on the fixing frame and can drive the screwdriver to rotate, the counterweight mechanism is arranged on the fixing frame and can be lifted and lowered, the counterweight mechanism provides an axial downward pressure for the screwdriver, the torque measuring instrument can detect the torque applied by the screw on the test block of the planted bone, and the controller controls the start and stop and forward and reverse driving of the rotary driving device.
2. The screening device for selecting simulated bone material and cancellous structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power output end of the rotary driving device is fixedly provided with a handle folding plate (5), the handle folding plate is circumferentially stopped and axially slidably provided with a counterweight supporting plate (6) which is arranged at a set distance, the screwdriver fixing seat (7) is fixedly arranged on the counterweight supporting plate, the upper end of the screwdriver can be fixedly inserted into the screwdriver fixing seat, and the counterweight mechanism is a plurality of counterweight plates (8) which can be stacked on the counterweight supporting plate.
3. The screening device for selecting simulated bone material and cancellous structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The handle folding plate is a U-shaped structure with an open upper end, the bottom surface of the U-shaped structure of the handle folding plate is fixedly connected with the power output end of the rotary driving device, the two side walls of the U-shaped structure of the handle folding plate are respectively provided with longitudinally-extending insertion grooves (51), the two side walls of the counterweight supporting plate are respectively provided with outwardly-extending sliding insertion pieces (61), and the sliding insertion pieces on the two side walls of the counterweight supporting plate can be respectively inserted into the insertion grooves in an up-and-down sliding mode.
4. The screening device for selecting simulated bone material and cancellous structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: A limiting column (62) is further fixedly arranged on the upper end surface of the counterweight supporting plate, limiting holes are arranged on the counterweight plates, the limiting column can be inserted into the limiting holes of each counterweight plate stacked on the counterweight supporting plate, so as to position the counterweight plates in a horizontal direction.
5. The screening device for selecting simulated bone material and cancellous structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner side of the screwdriver fixing seat is provided with a non-circular screwdriver insertion hole matched with the non-circular cross-section shape of the upper end of the screwdriver, the upper end of the screwdriver is circumferentially stopped and inserted into the screwdriver insertion hole, at least one locking screw (71) is arranged on the side wall of the screwdriver fixing seat, and the end of the locking screw can be tightly abutted against the circumferential outer side of the upper end of the screwdriver, so as to stop and position the screwdriver.
6. The screening device for selecting simulated bone material and cancellous structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotary driving device comprises a motor (9), a driving gear (10) and a driven gear (11), the motor is fixedly arranged on the fixing frame, the power output end of the motor is coaxially and fixedly connected with the driving gear, the driven gear is axially stopped and circumferentially rotatable and arranged on the fixing frame through a shaft sleeve (12), the driven gear is in meshing transmission with the driving gear, the handle folding plate is fixedly arranged on the upper end surface of the driven gear, and the lower end of the screwdriver penetrates through the inner hole of the shaft sleeve.
7. The screening device of claim 2, wherein: The test block fixing mechanism comprises a test block fixing plate (13) provided with a test block fixing threaded hole and a torque measuring instrument connecting hole, the torque measuring instrument comprises a fixing base plate (14), a torque sensor (15), a measuring workbench (16), a horizontal position adjusting mechanism and a movable clamp block (17), the lower end of the torque sensor is fixedly installed on the fixing base plate, the measuring workbench is fixedly installed on the upper end of the torque sensor, the movable clamp block is slidably installed on the measuring workbench in the horizontal direction, the horizontal position adjusting mechanism can drive the movable clamp block to slide along the horizontal direction on the measuring workbench in a relative straight line, and the movable clamp block sliding to any position is positioned and stopped.
8. The screening device for selecting an artificial bone material and cancellous structure according to claim 1 or 7, characterized by: The torque measuring instrument and the controller communicate through wired or wireless mode, the controller is provided with a torque storage and output module, the measuring data of the torque measuring instrument is transmitted to the controller and stored and data read output by the torque storage and output module of the controller.