Numerical control machine tool capable of automatically discharging scraps

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, in particular to a numerical control machine tool capable of automatically discharging scraps. Comprising a machine tool body and further comprises a first motor fixedly connected to the outer portion of the machine tool body, an output shaft of the first motor is fixedly connected with a rotating rod through a coupler, and the other end of the rotating rod is fixedly connected with a three-jaw chuck. The scrap blocking frame can be effectively vibrated through the arranged vibration assembly, so that scraps are prevented from being attached to or accumulated on the inner wall of the scrap blocking frame, the stability of the scrap blocking frame in the moving process can be effectively improved through the arranged reset assembly, and the scrap blocking frame can be fed through the arranged feeding assembly. According to the device, waste chips can be effectively conveyed and treated, through the arranged crushing assembly, the waste chips can be effectively crushed, through the arranged collecting assembly, workers can conveniently collect and treat the chips, and the overall practicability of the device is effectively improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to numerical control machine tool technical field, specifically, relate to automatic chip removal's numerical control machine tool. BACKGROUND

[0002] Numerical control machine tool is the abbreviation of digital control machine tool, it is a kind of automatic machine tool equipped with program control system, the control system can logically process the program with control code or other symbolic instruction specification, and it is translated by code, with code number, through information carrier input numerical control device, by the operation processing by numerical control device, various control signals are sent, the action of machine tool is controlled, according to the shape and size required by drawing, automatically processes the part, when processing workpiece, automatic chip removal's numerical control machine tool needs to be used.

[0003] In prior art, the chip blocking frame inside numerical control machine tool and machine tool are generally integrated, when machine tool processes workpiece, a large amount of chips will be generated, and part of chips can be adhered or accumulated on the inner wall of chip blocking frame, if the chip blocking frame cannot be effectively vibrated at this time, a large amount of chips will be accumulated in the inside of chip blocking frame, so as to affect the chip removal effect of machine tool, and when a large amount of chips are adhered on the inner wall of chip blocking frame, manual cleaning is needed, which not only reduces the cleaning efficiency of chips, increases the work burden of workers, but also has certain safety hazard, and reduces the practicability of the whole device.

[0004] Compared with the Chinese patent with publication number CN217194211U, the utility model discloses a numerical control machine tool in the technical field of numerical control machine tool with automatic dust removal and chip removal function, including numerical control machine tool main part, the inner chamber of numerical control machine tool main part is symmetrically welded with scrap chip collection plate before and after, the inner chamber of numerical control machine tool main part is horizontally installed with support shaft between two scrap chip collection plates, the outer wall of support shaft is equipped with cleaning roller, a plurality of cleaning partitions are evenly arranged on the outer wall of cleaning roller, the utility model utilizes the synchronous drive assembly connected with the output shaft end of machine main control motor, through a series of mechanical transmission, and the chips falling between adjacent two cleaning partitions can fall on the top of scrap chip discharge guide plate along with the rotation of cleaning roller, realize that the chips falling on the scrap chip discharge guide plate are uniformly discharged and collected through the right side of numerical control machine tool main part through oscillation, the whole cleaning process is synchronous with the rotation of machine main control motor in the machining process of numerical control machine tool main part.

[0005] The above scheme can very conveniently collect and process the waste chips, but the waste chip blocking frame and the machine tool are still integrated in the above scheme, when the inner wall of the waste chip blocking frame adheres a large amount of chips, the waste chip blocking frame still cannot be effectively vibrated, only a part of the area in the waste chip blocking frame can be cleaned by the cleaning roller and the cleaning partition plate, and the upper half of the waste chip blocking frame still has the possibility of adhering and accumulating chips, and the problems in the above background art cannot be solved.

[0006] Therefore, the skilled in the art provides a numerical control machine tool capable of automatically discharging waste chips to solve the problems in the above background art. Practical new type content

[0007] The utility model discloses a numerical control machine tool capable of automatically discharging waste chips, which comprises a machine tool body and further comprises:

[0008] A first motor is fixedly connected to the outside of the machine tool body, an output shaft of the first motor is fixedly connected with a rotating rod through a shaft coupling, the other end of the rotating rod is fixedly connected with a three-jaw chuck, and a rotating groove for the rotation of the three-jaw chuck is formed in the inside of the machine tool body.

[0009] A waste chip blocking frame is located in the inside of the machine tool body.

[0010] Vibration assemblies are symmetrically arranged in the inside of the machine tool body and are used for vibrating the waste chip blocking frame, so that the waste chips are prevented from adhering to the inner wall of the waste chip blocking frame.

[0011] Reset assemblies are symmetrically arranged on the front and rear inner walls of the machine tool body and are used for enabling the waste chip blocking frame to move back to the original position.

[0012] A feeding assembly is located below the machine tool body and is used for conveying the waste chips.

[0013] A crushing assembly is arranged outside the feeding assembly and is used for crushing the waste chips.

[0014] A collecting assembly is located below the crushing assembly and is used for collecting the crushed chips.

[0015] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the vibration assembly comprises driving rods symmetrically arranged inside the machine tool body, one end of each of the two driving rods is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the machine tool body, the front and rear inner walls of the machine tool body are fixedly connected with support plates, the other end of each of the two driving rods is rotationally connected with the outside of the support plate, one of the driving rods is connected with the rotating rod through synchronous belt and pulley transmission, the two driving rods are connected through synchronous belt and pulley transmission, the outside of each of the two driving rods is fixedly connected with two cams, the front end surface and the rear end surface of the scrap block are symmetrically provided with connecting plates, the bottom of each of the connecting plates is fixedly connected with a contact disc through a connecting rod, and the bottom of each of the contact discs is provided with a guide groove for the movement of the cam.

[0016] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the reset assembly comprises guide frames symmetrically arranged on the front and rear inner walls of the machine tool body, the inside of each of the guide frames is symmetrically provided with a guide rod, the two ends of each of the guide rods are fixedly connected with the inside top end and the inside bottom end of the guide frame, the inside of each of the connecting plates is provided with a guide groove for the movement of the guide rod, the outside of each of the guide rods is sleeved with a reset spring, and each of the reset springs is in contact between the connecting plate and the guide frame.

[0017] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the feeding assembly comprises a conveying device located below the machine tool body, and the outside of the conveying device is fixedly connected with a discharging plate.

[0018] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the upper surface of the conveying device is symmetrically provided with a limiting plate.

[0019] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the crushing assembly comprises a crushing frame fixedly connected to the outside of the conveying device, the inside of the crushing frame is symmetrically rotationally connected with crushing rollers, the front end surface of the crushing frame is fixedly connected with a U-shaped frame, one end of each of the two crushing rollers is rotationally connected with the outside of the U-shaped frame, the outside of the U-shaped frame is fixedly connected with a second motor, the output shaft of the second motor is fixedly connected with one end of one of the crushing rollers through a shaft coupling, the outside of one of the crushing rollers is fixedly connected with a driving gear, and the outside of the other crushing roller is fixedly connected with a driven gear meshing with the driving gear.

[0020] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the collecting assembly comprises a collecting frame located below the crushing frame, the front end surface and the rear end surface of the crushing frame are fixedly connected with L-shaped plates, the front end surface and the rear end surface of the collecting frame are fixedly connected with clamping plates, the interiors of the two clamping plates are provided with guide grooves for the L-shaped plates to move, the exterior of the clamping plate is fixedly connected with a fixed plate, the interior of the fixed plate is provided with a fixed rod, one end of the fixed rod is fixedly connected with a pull plate, the exterior of the fixed rod is fixedly connected with a resisting plate, the exterior of the fixed rod is sleeved with a resisting spring, the resisting spring is located between the resisting plate and the fixed plate, the contact surfaces of the fixed plate and the clamping plate are provided with guide grooves for the fixed rod to move, and the interior of the L-shaped plate is provided with a guide groove for the fixed rod to move.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of:

[0022] In the automatic waste chip discharging numerical control machine tool, when needing to process the workpiece, first, the workpiece is fixed by the three-jaw chuck, then the first motor starts to run, the three-jaw chuck and the workpiece are driven to rotate synchronously, the workpiece can be processed, a large amount of chips are generated during the processing of the workpiece, the vibration assembly starts to run synchronously while the first motor runs, the vibration assembly drives the waste chip blocking frame to vibrate synchronously, so that the chips are prevented from adhering or accumulating on the inner wall of the waste chip blocking frame, the overall chip removal effect of the device is improved, the waste chip blocking frame is reset and moved by the reset assembly, and the stability of the waste chip blocking frame during movement is improved, when the waste chips fall onto the feeding assembly through the waste chip blocking frame, the feeding assembly starts to run, the waste chips are conveyed by the feeding assembly, the waste chips are crushed by the crushing assembly when falling into the crushing assembly, the crushed chips naturally fall into the collecting assembly, and then the chips are collected by the workers, so that time and labor are saved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a whole three-dimensional structure schematic view of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a sectional three-dimensional structure schematic view of the machine tool body in the utility model;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a bottom three-dimensional structure schematic view of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic view of the collecting frame after disassembly in the utility model;

[0027] Figure 5 It is Figure 3 An enlarged structure schematic view of area A in the utility model;

[0028] Figure 6 It is Figure 4 An enlarged structure schematic view of area B in the utility model.

[0029] The meanings of various reference numerals in the drawing are as follows:

[0030] 1, machine tool body; 2, first motor; 3, three-jaw chuck; 4, scrap blocking frame; 5, conveying equipment; 6, limiting plate; 7, blanking plate; 8, crushing frame; 9, collecting frame; 10, rotating rod; 11, synchronous belt; 12, driving rod; 13, supporting plate; 14, guide frame; 15, second motor; 16, crushing roller; 17, driving gear; 18, driven gear; 19, L-shaped plate; 20, guide rod; 21, connecting plate; 22, return spring; 23, connecting rod; 24, abutting disc; 25, cam; 26, clamping plate; 27, fixed plate; 28, fixed rod; 29, abutting plate; 30, abutting spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0032] Please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 6 As shown in the drawing, the embodiment provides a numerical control machine tool capable of automatically discharging scrap, which comprises a machine tool body 1 and further comprises:

[0033] A first motor 2 is fixedly connected to the outside of the machine tool body 1, the output shaft of the first motor 2 is fixedly connected with a rotating rod 10 through a shaft coupling, the other end of the rotating rod 10 is fixedly connected with a three-jaw chuck 3, and the inside of the machine tool body 1 is provided with a rotating groove for the rotation of the three-jaw chuck 3;

[0034] A scrap blocking frame 4 is located in the inside of the machine tool body 1;

[0035] A vibration assembly is symmetrically arranged in the inside of the machine tool body 1 and is used for vibrating the scrap blocking frame 4, so as to avoid the adhesion of scrap on the inner wall of the scrap blocking frame 4;

[0036] Reset assembly, symmetrically arranged on the front and rear inner walls of the machine tool body 1, and used for enabling the scrap chip baffle 4 to move back to the original position;

[0037] Feeding assembly, arranged below the machine tool body 1, and used for feeding the scrap chips;

[0038] Crushing assembly, arranged outside the feeding assembly, and used for crushing the scrap chips;

[0039] Collecting assembly, arranged below the crushing assembly, and used for collecting the crushed chips.

[0040] The working principle is as follows: when the workpiece needs to be processed, the workpiece is first fixed by the three-jaw chuck 3, and then the first motor 2 starts to run, which drives the rotating rod 10 and the three-jaw chuck 3 to rotate synchronously, and the workpiece is rotated synchronously by the three-jaw chuck 3. At this time, the workpiece can be processed. During the processing of the workpiece, a large amount of scrap chips will be generated. At the same time, the vibration assembly starts to run synchronously when the first motor 2 runs. At this time, the vibration assembly drives the scrap chip baffle 4 to vibrate synchronously, so as to avoid the adhesion or accumulation of the scrap chips on the inner wall of the scrap chip baffle 4 by the vibration force, effectively improving the chip removal effect of the device as a whole. Through the arrangement of the reset assembly, the scrap chip baffle 4 can effectively move back to the original position, and the stability of the scrap chip baffle 4 during movement can be effectively improved. When the scrap chips fall through the scrap chip baffle 4 to the top of the feeding assembly, the feeding assembly starts to run. At this time, the feeding assembly can effectively feed the scrap chips. When the scrap chips are fed into the crushing assembly, the crushing assembly starts to run. At this time, the crushing assembly can effectively crush the scrap chips. The crushed chips will naturally fall into the collecting assembly. At this time, the worker can conveniently collect the chips, saving time and effort.

[0041] In order to effectively vibrate the scrap block 4, the vibration assembly includes a driving rod 12 symmetrically arranged inside the machine tool body 1, one end of the two driving rods 12 is rotatably connected with the inner wall of the machine tool body 1, the front and rear inner walls of the machine tool body 1 are fixedly connected with a support plate 13, the other end of the two driving rods 12 is rotatably connected with the outside of the support plate 13, one of the driving rods 12 is connected with the rotating rod 10 through the synchronous belt 11 and the pulley transmission, the two driving rods 12 are connected through the synchronous belt 11 and the pulley transmission, the outside of the two driving rods 12 is fixedly connected with two cams 25, the front end surface and the rear end surface of the scrap block 4 are symmetrically provided with a connecting plate 21, the bottom of the plurality of connecting plates 21 is fixedly connected with a contact disc 24 through a connecting rod 23, the bottom of the plurality of contact discs 24 is provided with a guide groove for the cam 25 to move, in the process of running of the first motor 2, the rotating rod 10 is driven to rotate synchronously, since the rotating rod 10 and one of the driving rods 12 are connected through the synchronous belt 11 and the pulley transmission, at this time the rotating rod 10 drives one of the driving rods 12 to rotate synchronously, since the two driving rods 12 are connected through the synchronous belt 11 and the pulley transmission, at this time the two driving rods 12 rotate synchronously, driving the cam 25 to rotate synchronously, in the process of rotating of the cam 25, the contact disc 24 is driven to move synchronously, the contact disc 24 drives the connecting rod 23 and the connecting plate 21 to move synchronously, the connecting plate 21 drives the scrap block 4 to move up and down reciprocatingly, at this time the scrap block 4 can be vibrated, thereby avoiding the debris adhering to the inner wall of the scrap block 4, effectively improving the overall chip removal effect of the device.

[0042] Considering that the stability of the scrap block 4 needs to be improved during movement, the reset assembly includes a guide frame 14 symmetrically arranged on the front and rear inner walls of the machine tool body 1, a plurality of guide frames 14 are symmetrically provided with a guide rod 20 inside, the two ends of the plurality of guide rods 20 are fixedly connected with the inner top end and the inner bottom end of the guide frame 14 respectively, a plurality of guide grooves for the guide rod 20 to move are formed in the inside of the plurality of connecting plates 21, a plurality of reset springs 22 are sleeved outside the plurality of guide rods 20, and the plurality of reset springs 22 abut between the connecting plate 21 and the guide frame 14, during the movement of the scrap block 4, the connecting plate 21 is driven to move synchronously outside the guide rod 20, at this time the stability of the scrap block 4 during movement can be improved through the cooperation between the connecting plate 21 and the guide rod 20, during the movement of the connecting plate 21, the reset spring 22 is also extruded, when the scrap block 4 moves downward, the reset spring 22 is reset, and the stability and vibration effect of the scrap block 4 during movement are further improved through such circulation.

[0043] In order to effectively transport the waste, the feeding assembly comprises a conveying device 5 fixed below the machine body 1, and a discharging plate 7 is fixed outside the conveying device 5. When the waste falls on the conveying device 5, the conveying device 5 starts to run, and the waste can be effectively transported by the conveying device 5 cooperating with the discharging plate 7.

[0044] In order to prevent the waste from falling and moving during the conveying process, the upper surface of the conveying device 5 is symmetrically provided with a limiting plate 6. The limiting plate 6 can effectively limit the waste on the conveying device 5, so as to avoid the waste from falling.

[0045] In addition, in order to effectively crush the waste, the crushing assembly comprises a crushing frame 8 fixed outside the conveying device 5. The crushing frame 8 is internally and symmetrically rotatably connected with crushing rollers 16. The front end surface of the crushing frame 8 is fixedly connected with a U-shaped frame. One end of each of the two crushing rollers 16 is rotatably connected with the outside of the U-shaped frame. The outside of the U-shaped frame is fixedly connected with a second motor 15. The output shaft of the second motor 15 is fixedly connected with one end of one of the crushing rollers 16 through a shaft coupling. The outside of the one crushing roller 16 is fixedly connected with a driving gear 17. The outside of the other crushing roller 16 is fixedly connected with a driven gear 18 meshing with the driving gear 17. When the waste needs to be crushed, the second motor 15 starts to run, which drives the one crushing roller 16 to rotate synchronously, and the one crushing roller 16 drives the driving gear 17 to rotate synchronously, and the driving gear 17 drives the driven gear 18 to rotate synchronously, and the driven gear 18 drives the other crushing roller 16 to rotate synchronously. At this time, the two crushing rollers 16 can effectively crush the waste, so as to facilitate the staff to collect and process the waste.

[0046] In order to effectively collect and process the debris, the collecting assembly comprises a collecting frame 9 located below the crushing frame 8, the front end surface and the rear end surface of the crushing frame 8 are fixedly connected with L-shaped plates 19, the front end surface and the rear end surface of the collecting frame 9 are fixedly connected with clamping plates 26, the interiors of the two clamping plates 26 are provided with guide grooves for the movement of the L-shaped plates 19, the exterior of the clamping plate 26 is fixedly connected with a fixed plate 27, the interior of the fixed plate 27 is provided with a fixed rod 28, one end of the fixed rod 28 is fixedly connected with a pull plate, the exterior of the fixed rod 28 is fixedly connected with a resisting plate 29, the exterior of the fixed rod 28 is sleeved with a resisting spring 30, the resisting spring 30 is in contact between the resisting plate 29 and the fixed plate 27, the contact surfaces of the fixed plate 27 and the clamping plate 26 are provided with guide grooves for the movement of the fixed rod 28, the interior of the L-shaped plate 19 is provided with a guide groove for the movement of the fixed rod 28, when the debris needs to be collected and processed, the pull plate is pulled first, at this time, the pull plate drives the fixed rod 28 to move synchronously, the fixed rod 28 drives the resisting plate 29 to move synchronously, in the process of the movement of the resisting plate 29, the resisting spring 30 is extruded, at this time, the clamping plate 26 is sleeved outside the L-shaped plate 19, and then the pull plate is released, at this time, the resisting spring 30 is reset, drives the resisting plate 29 and the fixed rod 28 to move synchronously, when the fixed rod 28 is inserted into the guide groove in the interior of the L-shaped plate 19, the L-shaped plate 19 and the clamping plate 26 are fixed, at this time, the collecting frame 9 can be installed, after the waste crushing is completed, the debris falls into the interior of the collecting frame 9 naturally, at this time, the staff can conveniently collect and process the debris.

[0047] The basic principle, main characteristics and advantages of the present application are shown and described above. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only preferred examples of the present application and do not limit the present application. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, various changes and improvements can be made to the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed present application. The scope of protection of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A numerically controlled machine tool with automatic chip evacuation, comprising a machine tool body (1), characterized in that, Also include: The first motor (2) is fixedly connected to the outside of the machine tool body (1), the output shaft of the first motor (2) is fixedly connected with a rotating rod (10) through a shaft coupling, the other end of the rotating rod (10) is fixedly connected with a three-jaw chuck (3), and the inside of the machine tool body (1) is provided with a rotating groove for the rotation of the three-jaw chuck (3); The scrap blocking frame (4) is located in the inside of the machine tool body (1); The vibration assembly is symmetrically arranged in the inside of the machine tool body (1), and is used for vibrating the scrap blocking frame (4), so as to avoid the adhesion of the scrap on the inner wall of the scrap blocking frame (4); The reset assembly is symmetrically arranged on the front and rear inner walls of the machine tool body (1), and is used for enabling the scrap blocking frame (4) to move back to the original position. The feeding assembly is located below the machine tool body (1) and is used for conveying the scrap. The crushing assembly is arranged outside the feeding assembly and is used for crushing the scrap. The collecting assembly is located below the crushing assembly and is used for collecting the crushed scrap. The vibration assembly includes drive rods (12) symmetrically arranged in the inside of the machine tool body (1), one end of each of the two drive rods (12) is rotatably connected with the inner wall of the machine tool body (1), the front and rear inner walls of the machine tool body (1) are fixedly connected with support plates (13), the other end of each of the two drive rods (12) is rotatably connected with the outside of the support plate (13), one of the drive rods (12) is connected with the rotating rod (10) through a synchronous belt (11) and a pulley transmission, the two drive rods (12) are connected through a synchronous belt (11) and a pulley transmission, the outside of each of the two drive rods (12) is fixedly connected with two cams (25), the front end surface and the rear end surface of the scrap blocking frame (4) are symmetrically provided with connecting plates (21), the bottom of each of the connecting plates (21) is fixedly connected with a contact disc (24) through a connecting rod (23), and the bottom of each of the contact discs (24) is provided with a guide groove for the movement of the cam (25).

2. The automatic chip evacuation CNC machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reset assembly includes guide frames (14) symmetrically arranged on the front and rear inner walls of the machine tool body (1), the inside of each of the guide frames (14) is symmetrically provided with a guide rod (20), the two ends of each of the guide rods (20) are fixedly connected with the inside top end and the inside bottom end of the guide frame (14), the inside of each of the connecting plates (21) is provided with a guide groove for the movement of the guide rod (20), the outside of each of the guide rods (20) is sleeved with a reset spring (22), and each of the reset springs (22) is in contact between the connecting plate (21) and the guide frame (14).

3. The automatic chip evacuation CNC machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding assembly includes a conveying device (5) located below the machine tool body (1), and the outside of the conveying device (5) is fixedly connected with a discharging plate (7).

4. The automatic chip evacuation CNC machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper surface of the conveying device (5) is symmetrically provided with a limiting plate (6).

5. The automatic chip evacuation CNC machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The crushing assembly comprises a crushing frame (8) fixedly connected outside the conveying device (5), symmetrical rotating connection of crushing rollers (16) is arranged inside the crushing frame (8), a H-shaped frame is fixedly connected to the front end surface of the crushing frame (8), one end of the two crushing rollers (16) is rotatably connected to the outside of the H-shaped frame, a second motor (15) is fixedly connected to the outside of the H-shaped frame, the output shaft of the second motor (15) is fixedly connected to one end of one of the crushing rollers (16) through a shaft coupling, the outside of one of the crushing rollers (16) is fixedly connected with a driving gear (17), the outside of the other crushing roller (16) is fixedly connected with a driven gear (18) engaged with the driving gear (17).

6. The automatic chip evacuation CNC machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The collecting assembly comprises a collecting frame (9) located below the crushing frame (8), L-shaped plates (19) are fixedly connected to the front end surface and the rear end surface of the crushing frame (8), clamping plates (26) are fixedly connected to the front end surface and the rear end surface of the collecting frame (9), guide grooves are formed in the interiors of the two clamping plates (26) for the movement of the L-shaped plates (19), fixed plates (27) are fixedly connected to the exteriors of the clamping plates (26), fixed rods (28) are arranged in the interiors of the fixed plates (27), pull plates are fixedly connected to one end of the fixed rods (28), abutting plates (29) are fixedly connected to the exteriors of the fixed rods (28), abutting springs (30) are sleeved on the exteriors of the fixed rods (28), the abutting springs (30) abut between the abutting plates (29) and the fixed plates (27), guide grooves are formed in the interiors of the L-shaped plates (19) for the movement of the fixed rods (28).

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