Novel biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace

Abstract

The utility model provides a novel biomass pyrolysis gasifier which comprises a gasifier body, a gasification reaction chamber is arranged in the gasifier body, a feeding device is arranged on the upper portion and / or the lower portion of the gasification reaction chamber, an environment-friendly heating device is installed on the portion, at the top of the gasifier body, of the upper portion of the gasification reaction chamber, and an outer jacket pipe is arranged on the outer side of the gasification reaction chamber. The outer jacketed pipe penetrates through the bottom of the furnace body and is connected with ash residue collecting equipment; a pyrolysis gas outlet and a drain outlet are respectively formed in one side and the bottom of the furnace body; the system has the advantages that the gasification efficiency is improved, the fuel gas quality is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, the pollution is reduced, the operation is flexible, the system safety is ensured, and the secondary pollution is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of biomass pyrolysis, and particularly relates to a novel biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace. BACKGROUND

[0002] Biomass gasification technology is a technology for converting biomass into combustible gas, and the combustible gas mainly includes hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane. The biomass gasification technology has the characteristics of being clean, efficient and renewable. Traditional biomass gasification furnaces mostly adopt electric heating or fuel heating modes. The influence of fuel heating on the environment mainly lies in the emission of greenhouse gases and the generation of pollutants. For example, burning coal produces a large amount of pollutants such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which cause environmental problems such as acid rain and greenhouse effect. Liquid fuel combustion also produces carbon dioxide and some harmful organic compounds, which pollute the atmospheric environment. Therefore, the traditional electric heating or fuel heating mode has problems of high energy consumption, heavy pollution and low gasification efficiency.

[0003] The applicant has searched and found the closest prior art as follows: an application No. 201910070859.2 discloses a high-efficiency biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace, which comprises a combustion tank, a pyrolysis tank, a cooling tank and an intelligent processing system. The pyrolysis tank is fixed with a fixed plate on one side. The cooling tank is fixedly installed at the top of the fixed plate. The bottom of the combustion tank and the pyrolysis tank is fixedly connected with a connecting pipe one. The bottom of the connecting pipe one is fixedly connected with a slag discharge pipe. The top of the pyrolysis tank is provided with a pyrolysis tank cover. The top of the pyrolysis tank is fixedly connected with a gas return pipe on one side. The other end of the gas return pipe is fixedly connected with the bottom of the combustion tank. A rotating rod is arranged in the pyrolysis tank. A plurality of dispersion square pipes are fixedly connected to the rotating rod. A plurality of annular sliding grooves are formed in the inner side wall of the pyrolysis tank and correspond to the dispersion square pipes. The high-efficiency biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace has a reasonable design, can greatly improve the efficiency of biomass pyrolysis gasification, and has uniform pyrolysis gasification effect. The application can solve the problem of low gasification efficiency. However, it is explicitly mentioned in the specification that "a suitable fuel is put into the combustion tank and then ignited", that is, the application adopts the fuel heating mode for heating, and still has the technical problems of high energy consumption and heavy pollution.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new scheme to solve the above technical problems. CONTENT OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The application provides a novel biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace, which comprises a furnace body, a gasification reaction chamber is arranged in the furnace body, a feeding device is arranged at the upper portion and / or the lower portion of the gasification reaction chamber, an environmental protection heating device is arranged at the top of the furnace body and is arranged at the upper portion of the gasification reaction chamber, an outer jacket pipe is arranged at the outer side of the gasification reaction chamber, and the outer jacket pipe is connected with an ash and slag collecting device through the bottom of the furnace body; and a pyrolysis gas outlet and a pollution discharge port are arranged at the side and the bottom of the furnace body respectively.

[0006] As a preferred solution, the feeding device arranged at the upper portion of the gasification reaction chamber comprises a feeding pipeline which is communicated with the gasification reaction chamber, and the end of the feeding pipeline is connected with a feeding port.

[0007] As a preferred solution, the feeding device arranged at the lower portion of the gasification reaction chamber comprises a motor, the output end of the motor is connected with a screw feeder, the screw feeder is provided with a feeding port one, and the screw feeder is communicated with the gasification reaction chamber.

[0008] As a preferred solution, the environmental protection heating device adopts at least one of a laser emitter and a hydrogen flame combustion device.

[0009] As a preferred solution, the outer side of the laser emitter is provided with a cylinder guard, one side of the cylinder guard is provided with a purified gas inlet, and the purified gas inlet extends to the outer side of the furnace body.

[0010] As a preferred solution, the lower portion of the ash and slag collecting device is connected with an ash and slag screening device.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the ash and slag screening device comprises a screening device body, a partition plate is arranged in the screening device body, the bottom of one side of the partition plate is provided with an ash and slag screening discharge port one, and the bottom of the other side of the partition plate is provided with an ash and slag screening discharge port two.

[0012] As a preferred solution, the ash and slag screening discharge port two is arranged in an inclined mode.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the feeding device is connected with a pre-pyrolysis reactor.

[0014] As a preferred solution, the pyrolysis gas outlet of the gasification reaction chamber is connected with an input end of the pre-pyrolysis reactor through a pyrolysis gas pipeline, an output end of the pre-pyrolysis reactor is connected with a condenser, and the condenser is connected with a pyrolysis gas extraction pipeline and a condensate extraction pipeline.

[0015] As a preferred solution, the pollution discharge port is connected with a condensate tank through a gasification furnace bottom extraction pipeline, the top of the condensate tank is connected with the pyrolysis gas extraction pipeline through a condensate tank top extraction pipeline, and the bottom of the condensate tank is provided with a condensate tank extraction pipeline.

[0016] As a preferred solution, the condensate extraction pipeline is connected with a condensate tank.

[0017] The present application uses an environmentally friendly heating device to heat biomass, which has the following advantages:

[0018] (1) Improve gasification efficiency and gas quality: faster and more uniform heating can be achieved, thereby improving the gasification efficiency of biomass; in addition, due to the more uniform and controllable heating process, the generation of tar and other impurities can be reduced, thereby improving the quality of the fuel gas;

[0019] (2) Reduce energy consumption: environmentally friendly heating can reduce energy loss during the heating process, thereby reducing overall energy consumption;

[0020] (3) Reduce pollution: environmentally friendly heating does not produce pollutants such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, reducing pollution;

[0021] (4) Flexible operation: environmentally friendly heating can be precisely controlled as needed, providing better operational flexibility and reaction controllability;

[0022] (5) Ensure system safety: the entire gasification system operates at positive pressure, greatly reducing the risk of system explosion and improving system safety;

[0023] (6) Reduce secondary pollution and improve energy resource utilization: through the design of the gasification reaction chamber and the optimization of the ash collection equipment, the utilization rate of energy resources can be improved, and energy resource waste can be reduced;

[0024] (7) Improve the utilization rate of biomass pyrolysis gas: biomass pyrolysis gas is used to preheat the biomass in the pre-pyrolysis reactor, improving the thermal energy utilization rate of biomass pyrolysis gas and also improving the pyrolysis efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of multiple environmentally friendly heating devices of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of Example Three;

[0028] 1, furnace body; 2, gasification reaction chamber; 3, environmental protection heating device; 4, cylinder cover; 5, purified gas inlet; 6, outer jacket pipe; 7, ash collection equipment; 8, pyrolysis gas outlet; 9, blowdown; 10, screening device body; 11, partition; 12, ash screening discharge port one; 13, ash screening discharge port two; 14, feed pipe; 15, feed inlet; 16, motor; 17, screw feeder; 18, feed inlet one; 19, speed reducer; 20, coupling; 21, pre-pyrolysis reactor; 22, biomass feed line; 23, pyrolysis gas line; 24, condenser; 25, pyrolysis gas production line; 26, condensate production line; 27, condensate tank; 28, condensate tank top production line; 29, gasifier bottom production line; 30, condensate tank production line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The specific embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 , the accompanying drawings Figure 2 , the accompanying drawings Figure 3 The specific embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Example one:

[0031] As Figure 1As shown, the present application provides a new biomass pyrolysis gasifier, which comprises a furnace body 1, which can be in cylindrical or pyramidal shape, etc. The furnace body 1 is provided with heat insulation measures, and the material of the furnace body 1 is made of high-temperature-resistant material (nickel-based alloy, cobalt-based alloy, 310S stainless steel, alumina ceramic, etc.) or carbon steel coated with refractory material. A gasification reaction chamber 2 is arranged in the furnace body 1, which is a beveled cylinder or a beveled cube, etc. A high-temperature-resistant material such as graphite plate, cast iron plate, and special treated optical glass and high-temperature-resistant heat insulation coating material, etc. is required. The high-temperature-resistant material can withstand the high temperature generated by heating, ensuring the stability and safety of the gasification process. The upper and / or lower part of the gasification reaction chamber 2 is provided with a feeding device, and the biomass raw material is fed into the furnace body 1 through the feeding device. An environmentally friendly heating device 3 is installed on the top of the furnace body 1 at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber 2. The environmentally friendly heating device 3 adopts at least one of a laser emitter and a hydrogen flame combustion device. In this embodiment, a laser emitter is adopted. The laser emitter focuses laser beams in the gasification reaction chamber 2 through a laser control device to form a light spot to heat and pyrolyze and gasify the biomass in the gasification reaction chamber 2. Laser heating does not involve a chemical combustion process, which can reduce the emission of pollutants. The hydrogen flame combustion device is a nozzle ignition device that uses hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as combustion-supporting agent. The hydrogen flame heats the biomass in the gasification reaction chamber 2. Hydrogen flame is a clean energy, and its combustion product is mainly water, almost no other invalid gas is produced, which can also reduce the emission of pollutants. When the hydrogen flame combustion device is used, the combustible gas source of the flame can be biomass pyrolysis gas, hydrogen, methane, and any proportion of mixed gas or other green and sustainable fuel gas. The combustion-supporting gas is mainly oxygen. In order to ensure safety, hydrogen is excessive, and CO2 is used as inert explosion-proof gas. In the process of high-temperature combustion, the temperature of the flame can be effectively controlled, and the pyrolysis and gasification efficiency of biochar is improved. Preferably, a cylinder guard 4 is arranged outside the laser emitter. A purification gas inlet 5 is arranged on one side of the cylinder guard 4 and extends to the outside of the furnace body 1. Purified pyrolysis gas or carbon dioxide gas is fed into the cylinder guard 4 through the purification gas inlet 5 to generate positive pressure disturbance to the flue gas produced by pyrolysis in the furnace body 1, preventing the flue gas and tar-like substances from contacting the lens of the laser emitter and causing pollution of the lens of the laser emitter and affecting the heating effect. The above-mentioned environmentally friendly heating device 3 adopts flame and laser forms, which reduces pollution emission and energy consumption. An outer jacket pipe 6 is arranged outside the gasification reaction chamber 2 and connected with an ash collection equipment 7 through the bottom of the furnace body 1. The ash collection equipment 7 adopts an ash collection cabinet. The ash produced by pyrolysis is discharged along the outer jacket pipe 6 and enters the ash collection cabinet. The design of the ash collection equipment 7 collects and recycles the ash and biomass that has not been pyrolyzed and gasified. The biomass that has not been pyrolyzed and gasified is screened and recycled through a screening device, improving the utilization rate of resources and meeting the requirements of environmental protection and energy saving.The side and bottom of the furnace body 1 are respectively provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet 8 and a pollution discharge port 9, the produced biomass pyrolysis gas (mainly composed of CO, CO2, CH4, etc.) is discharged to the subsequent section for purification and other treatments through the pyrolysis gas outlet 8, and the waste liquid produced in the furnace body 1 is discharged through the pollution discharge port 9.

[0032] Preferably, the lower part of the ash collection device 7 is connected with an ash screening device, the ash screening device comprises a screening device body 10, a partition plate 11 is arranged in the screening device body 10, an ash screening discharge port one 12 is arranged at the bottom of one side of the partition plate 11, and an ash screening discharge port two 13 is arranged at the bottom of the other side of the partition plate 11, and more preferably, the ash screening discharge port two 13 is arranged obliquely; the biomass raw material that has not been gasified in the ash collection cabinet can be screened and recovered according to the size and weight difference of the ash particles by using the ash screening device; the cooperation of the outer jacket pipe 6 and the ash screening device makes the discharge and recovery of the ash more efficient, and reduces the waste of the raw material that has not been completely gasified.

[0033] Preferably, as shown in Figure 2 , one furnace body 1 can be provided with multiple environmental protection heating devices 3, and correspondingly has multiple feeding devices and gasification reaction chambers 2, in this way, the production capacity of the gasification furnace can be improved, as shown in Figure 2 , five environmental protection heating devices 3, five gasification reaction chambers 2 and five feeding devices are arranged.

[0034] Example two:

[0035] In this embodiment, the feeding device is arranged at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber 2 and the lower part of the gasification reaction chamber 2:

[0036] Specifically, the feeding device arranged at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber 2 comprises a feeding pipeline 14 communicating with the gasification reaction chamber 2, the feeding pipeline 14 extends to the outside of the furnace body 1, and a feeding port 15 is connected to the end of the feeding pipeline 14 located at the outside of the furnace body 1, in order to facilitate the addition of materials, the feeding port 15 adopts a funnel type feeding port.

[0037] The feeding device arranged at the lower part of the gasification reaction chamber 2 comprises a motor 16, the output end of the motor 16 is connected with a screw feeder 17 through a shaft coupling 20, the screw feeder 17 is provided with a feeding port one 18, which adopts a funnel type feeding port, and the screw feeder 17 communicates with the gasification reaction chamber 2; in order to reduce the rotating speed of the screw feeder 17, a speed reducer 19 is arranged between the motor 16 and the screw feeder 17, and the motor 16, the speed reducer 19 and the screw feeder 17 are connected through the shaft couplings 20.

[0038] The feeding mode of the lower part of the gasification reaction chamber 2 is that the biomass raw material is added into the screw feeder 17 through the feeding port 18, the motor 16 drives the screw feeder 17 to rotate, and the material is delivered to the gasification reaction chamber 2 for heating and gasification, which ensures the stable delivery of the biomass raw material; the feeding mode of the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber 2 is that the feeding port 15 is arranged at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber 2, the feeding pipeline 14 is directly introduced into the upper end of the gasification reaction chamber 2, and the biomass is added into the feeding port 15 and then flows into the gasification reaction chamber 2 for pyrolysis and gasification by gravity, which can effectively save mechanical energy.

[0039] Example three:

[0040] In order to improve the pyrolysis efficiency of the biomass, a pre-pyrolysis reactor 21 is added in the embodiment, and the biomass is heated before feeding, specifically, the feeding device is connected with the pre-pyrolysis reactor 21, the pre-pyrolysis reactor 21 is connected with a biomass feeding pipeline 22 at the input end, and the output end of the pre-pyrolysis reactor 22 is connected with the feeding port 15 and the feeding port 18.

[0041] Preferably, the heat energy of the biomass pyrolysis gas is utilized in the embodiment to provide heat for the biomass in the pre-pyrolysis reactor 21, and the heat energy utilization efficiency of the biomass pyrolysis gas is improved, specifically, the pyrolysis gas outlet 8 of the gasification reaction chamber 2 is connected with an input end of the pre-pyrolysis reactor 21 through a pyrolysis gas pipeline 23, an output end of the pre-pyrolysis reactor 21 is connected with a condenser 24, the condenser 24 is connected with a pyrolysis gas extraction pipeline 25 and a condensate extraction pipeline 26, the biomass pyrolysis gas generated by the biomass pyrolysis enters the pre-pyrolysis reactor 21 through the pyrolysis gas outlet 8 to provide heat for the biomass in the pre-pyrolysis reactor 21, so that the biomass is dried, and the biomass pyrolysis gas after heat exchange enters the condenser 24 for condensation, the uncondensed biomass pyrolysis gas is extracted through the pyrolysis gas extraction pipeline 25 and enters the subsequent process, and the condensed condensate is extracted through the condensate extraction pipeline 26.

[0042] More preferably, the condensate extraction pipeline 26 is connected with a condensate tank 27, the top of the condensate tank 27 is connected with the pyrolysis gas extraction pipeline 25 through a condensate tank top extraction pipeline 28, and further, the blowdown port 9 is connected with the condensate tank 27 through a gasification furnace bottom extraction pipeline 29; the above-mentioned condensed condensate enters the condensate tank 27 through the condensate extraction pipeline 26, and the liquid phase in the furnace body 1 enters the condensate tank 27 through the blowdown port 9, after separation in the condensate tank 27, the gas phase is extracted as the biomass pyrolysis gas, and the liquid phase is extracted through the condensate tank extraction pipeline 30 and directly discharged or enters the subsequent process for treatment, and the skilled in the art can make corresponding selection according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] The working principle of the utility model is as follows: biomass is added into the spiral feeder 17 through the feed inlet one 18, the motor 16 drives the spiral feeder 17 to deliver the biomass to the gasification reaction chamber 2, or / and the biomass is directly added into the gasification reaction chamber 2 through the feed inlet 15 and the feed pipeline 14 to carry out pyrolysis gasification; the environmental protection heating device 3 heats the biomass in the gasification reaction chamber 2, pyrolyzes the biomass, the generated biomass pyrolysis gas is taken out from the pyrolysis gas outlet 8 to the subsequent section for treatment, the waste liquid generated in the furnace body 1 is discharged from the blowdown 9; the ash residue generated by the biomass pyrolysis enters the outer jacket pipe 6 along the inclined cutout of the gasification reaction chamber 2, flows into the ash residue collection cabinet along the outer jacket pipe 6, when the ash residue collection cabinet collects a certain amount, the ash residue enters the ash residue screening device from the bottom end of the collection cabinet, the ash residue screening device separates the biomass which has not been pyrolyzed in the inside from the ash residue, and discharges them from the ash residue screening discharge port one 12 and the ash residue screening discharge port two 13 respectively, and the biomass which has not been pyrolyzed is recycled and mixed with the biomass raw material to continue to be added into the gasification reaction chamber 2.

[0044] The application adopts laser emitter heating, and has the following advantages:

[0045] (1) improve gasification efficiency and gas quality: through laser heating or hydrogen flame heating, faster and more uniform heating can be achieved, thereby improving the gasification efficiency of biomass; due to the more uniform and controllable heating process, the generation of tar and other impurities can be reduced, thereby improving the quality of the gas;

[0046] (2) reduce energy consumption: laser heating and hydrogen flame heating are high-energy-density heat sources, which can reduce energy loss during the heating process, thereby reducing overall energy consumption;

[0047] (3) reduce pollution: hydrogen flame is a clean energy, and its combustion product is mainly water, almost no other invalid gas is produced, and laser heating does not involve chemical combustion process, so that the emission of pollutants can be reduced;

[0048] (4) flexible operation: laser heating and hydrogen flame heating can be accurately controlled according to needs, providing better operation flexibility and reaction controllability;

[0049] (5) system safety: the whole gasification system is operated under positive pressure, the risk of system explosion is greatly reduced, and the safety of the system is improved;

[0050] (6) reduce secondary pollution and improve energy resource utilization rate: through the design of the gasification reaction chamber and the optimization of the ash residue collection equipment, the utilization rate of energy resources can be improved, and energy resource waste can be reduced;

[0051] (7) The utilization rate of the biomass pyrolysis gas is improved, the biomass pyrolysis gas is used for preheating the biomass in the pre-pyrolysis reactor, the heat energy utilization rate of the biomass pyrolysis gas is improved, and the pyrolysis efficiency is improved.

[0052] The devices and connection relations not specifically described above all belong to the prior art, and the utility model will not be specifically described here.

[0053] The preferred mode of the application is described in detail above in combination with the drawings, but the application is not limited to the specific details in the above-described embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the application within the technical concept of the application, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the application.

[0054] In addition, it should be noted that various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any appropriate manner without contradiction, and various possible combinations of the application will not be described again in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.

[0055] In addition, various different embodiments of the application can also be combined in any manner, as long as they do not deviate from the idea of the application, and the application should also be considered as disclosed content of the application.

Claims

1. A novel biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace comprising a furnace body (1), characterized in that, The furnace body (1) is internally provided with a gasification reaction chamber (2), the upper and / or lower part of the gasification reaction chamber (2) is provided with a feeding device, the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber (2) is provided with an environmentally-friendly heating device (3) on the top of the furnace body (1), the outer side of the gasification reaction chamber (2) is provided with an outer jacket pipe (6) which is connected with an ash and slag collecting device (7) through the bottom of the furnace body (1); one side and the bottom of the furnace body (1) are respectively provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet (8) and a pollution discharge port (9).

2. A novel biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding device arranged at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber (2) comprises a feeding pipeline (14) which is communicated with the gasification reaction chamber (2), and the end of the feeding pipeline (14) is connected with a feeding port (15).

3. The novel biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding device arranged at the lower part of the gasification reaction chamber (2) comprises a motor (16), the output end of the motor (16) is connected with a screw feeder (17), the screw feeder (17) is provided with a feeding port one (18), and the screw feeder (17) is communicated with the gasification reaction chamber (2).

4. The novel biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmentally-friendly heating device (3) adopts at least one of a laser emitter and a hydrogen flame combustion device.

5. A novel biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer side of the laser emitter is provided with a cylinder guard (4), one side of the cylinder guard (4) is provided with a purified gas inlet (5), and the purified gas inlet (5) extends to the outer side of the furnace body (1).

6. The biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding device is connected with a pre-pyrolysis reactor (21).

7. The biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 6, wherein, The pyrolysis gas outlet (8) of the gasification reaction chamber (2) is connected with an input end of the pre-pyrolysis reactor (21) through a pyrolysis gas pipeline (23), one output end of the pre-pyrolysis reactor (21) is connected with a condenser (24), and the condenser (24) is connected with a pyrolysis gas production pipeline (25) and a condensate production pipeline (26).

8. The biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pollution discharge port (9) is connected with a condensate tank (27) through a gasification furnace bottom production pipeline (29), the top of the condensate tank (27) is connected with the pyrolysis gas production pipeline (25) through a condensate tank top pipeline (28), and the bottom of the condensate tank (27) is provided with a condensate tank production pipeline (30).

9. The biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 8, characterized in that, The condensate production pipeline (26) is connected with the condensate tank (27).

10. The novel biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower part of the ash and slag collecting device (7) is connected with an ash and slag screening device.

Images